LRRB Project 879

Ally Akkari, MnDOT

 LRRB: Funding
 MnDOT: Construction of Cells 85 and 89
 MnDOT and CP Tech Center: Porous Overlay

 PI: Bernard Izevbekhai

 TL: Mark Maloney (City of Shoreview)
 AL: Bruce Holdhusen
 Objectives
◦ Storm water
management
◦ Freeze thaw
durability
◦ Traffic noise
reduction
◦ And more…
 20’
6”

Pervious Concrete clay 12”

2’ Perimeter Curb

Drain Pipe

64’
Cold Joint
 Pole Barn

Lowest Schmitt
Hammer Strength

Cold Joint

Severe
Raveling
Highest Schmitt
Hammer Strength
 Raveling not due to low strength
 Pervious concrete in cell 64 experienced less freeze-
thaw cycles than impervious pavements of similar
thickness
 Increased subgrade temps in winter,
Decreased suggrade temps in summer
 Damage due to lack of regular maintenance beginning
immediately after construction is irreversible,
Vacuuming cannot remediate this degree of clogging.
Grass No Crown – All Cells Grass
Curb 7” Pervious PCC (Industry Spec) Curb

4” RailRoad Ballast

8” Gap-Graded Base
48” Plastic Barrier

40% Air Voids (Crushed CA-15)

48” Plastic Barrier

Type-V Filter Fabric
Subgrade
Non-Compacted
Cell 85: Granular Cell 89: Cohesive
 Cell 85:
Pervious PCC on Sand

Cell 86:
89 Pervious HMA on Sand
88
87 Cell 87:
86 Control
85
Cell 88:
Pervious HMA on Clay

Cell 89:
Pervious PCC on Clay
 Project: MnROAD Pervious Reliability Summary

Distress Reliability Distress Reliability

Performance Criteria Acceptable
Target Target Predicted Predicted

Terminal IRI (in/mi) 130 90 70.9 99.34 Pass

Transverse Cracking (%
15 90 0 99.999 Pass
slabs cracked)

Mean Joint Faulting (in) 0.12 90 0.008 99.999 Pass

 Specified Range
Component Note
per yd3 Concrete
From a source recently tested
Cement ASTM C150 Type I 500 – 600 lb
for Blaine fineness, SO3, etc.
Coal Creek / Similar Type F
Fly Ash ASTM C618 Type F 90 –120 lb
source
Coarse Aggregate 2300-2500 lb Mn/DOT 3137
Initially 0% allowed, but 6%
Fine Aggregate 0**
was used in final mix
Water Cement ratio 0.4
Adjust with absorption to
Water content 250 –305 lb
SSD
Mid range Water Reducing Admixture 4 oz
Viscosity Modifier Manufacturer’s spec Mn/DOT Approved List
Air Entraining Agent 4 oz Mn/DOT Approved List
Air Content 18% - 21% Volume
 Ride Characteristics
◦ International Roughness
Index (IRI)
◦ Surface Rating (SR)
 Surface Properties  Physical Properties
◦ Surface Texture
◦ Friction Number (FN)
 Noise Characteristics
◦ On Board Sound Intensity
(OBSI)
◦ Sound Absorption (SA)
◦ Nuclear Density
◦ Dissipated Volumetric Rate
◦ Clogging Characteristics
◦ Pavement Surface
Deflection from FWD
◦ Temperature and Moisture
 Cell 85 - IRI
5.3

4.8
IRI (M/KM)

4.3 IL-LWP
IL-RWP
3.8 OL-LWP
OL-RWP
3.3

2.8

Date

Cell 89 - IRI
7.4

IL-LWP
6.4
IL-RWP
5.4 OL-LWP
IRI (M/KM)

OL-RWP
4.4

3.4

2.4

Date
 4.05
4
3.95
3.9 Cell 85 IL
Surface Rating

3.85
Cell 85 OL
3.8
3.75 Cell 89 IL
3.7
Cell 89 OL
3.65
3.6
3.55
27-Apr-09 28-Oct-09 12-Oct-10
 Cell 85
400
Deflection (x10-6m)

300

200 393 kPa ** center of slab

574 kPa ** outside lane
100 ** September 20, 2010
789 kPa
0
0 1000 2000
Sensor Location (mm)

Cell 89 Cell 54 – Impervious Concrete

400 400
Deflection (x10-6m)

Deflection (x10-6m)
300 300

200 200
392 kPa 402 kPa
576 kPa 583 kPa
100 100
792 kPa 779 kPa
0 0
0 1000 2000 0 1000 2000
Sensor Location (mm) Sensor Location (mm)
 1.96

1.94

1.92
Mean Profile Depth (mm)

1.90

1.88
Cell 85 OL
1.86
Cell 85 IL
1.84
Cell 89 OL
1.82
Cell 85 IL
1.80

1.78

1.76
18-Mar-09 4-Oct-09 22-Apr-10 8-Nov-10
 Cell 85
70 Inside Lane
60 Ribbed
Friction Number

50
Inside Lane
40
Smooth
30
20 Outside Lane
10 Ribbed

0
Outisde Lane
4-Jun-09 4-Nov-09 8-Sep-10 Smooth
Date

70 Cell 89 Inside Lane

60 Ribbed
Friction Number

50 Inside Lane
40 Smooth
30
Outside Lane
20
Ribbed
10
0 Outside Lane
Smooth
4-Jun-09 4-Nov-09 8-Sep-10
Date
 Cell 85-86
101.0

100.5 Outside
Sound Intensity (dBA)

100.0 Inside
99.5

99.0

98.5

98.0

97.5

Date

Cell 88-89
101.5
101.0
100.5
Sound Intensity(dBA)

100.0 Outside
99.5 Inside
99.0
98.5
98.0
97.5

Date
 Pervious

Innov.
Diamond
Grind
 1 Cell 85
Sound Absorption Coefficient

0.8

8/27/2009
0.6
10/1/2010
0.4 3/15/2010

0.2
300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700
Frequency [hz]
Cell 89
1
Sound Absorption Coefficient

0.8

0.6 8/28/2009
10/15/2010
0.4 3/15/2010

0.2
400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
Frequency
 Ratio of Porous to Non-Porous Sound Absorption Coefficients
18

16
Ratio of Coefficients

14

12

10

2
300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700

Frequency (Hz) Porous to Non Porous Bituminous

Porous to Non Porous Concrete

 Mean Nuclear Density

130
Cell 89
125
Nuclear Density (pcf)

Cell 85
120

115

110

105

100
6/4/2009 8/4/2009 3/17/2010
Date
 Dissipated Volumetric Rate [cm3/s]

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
cell 85

Vacuum
Date

Vacuum
cell 89
 Difference in Sound Absorption
0.06

Difference (cm3/s)
0.01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-0.04

-0.09
Cells 39, 85 and 89 Locations

Difference in Dissipated Volumetric Rate

125

(cm3/s)
75
Differences

25

-25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

-75
Cells 39, 85 and 89 Locations
HMA – 0.5 in

HMA – 3 in
 Cell 89
◦ 5 year design life
for clay base

 After 3 years
◦ Inside lane
◦ Longitudinal crack
◦ Both wheel paths
 Higher deflection in FWD over 2 years than typical PCC.

 Reduced amount of freeze thaw cycles.

 Vacuuming more than two times a year recommended

 Begin regular maintenance immediately after

construction to avoid irreversible clogging.

 Unclogging maintenance lessens chances for freeze-

thaw damage, reducing raveling

 Flow rate was higher with granular base than clay base
 Slip form paving may improve ride
 Can’t predict OBSI from SA: Pervious concrete reduces
noise by air compression relief (not by absorption)
 Sound absorption is related to the porosity
 Improved sound absorption compared to typical PCC
pavement
 Improvement of SA dependant on the sound frequency
(1000 Hz best)
 Second quietest pavement at MnROAD.