Chapter 05

PROBLEM 5.
1
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
SOLUTION
A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

1 8u6 48 4 9 192 432
2 16 u 12 192 8 6 1536 1152
6 240 1344 1584
6 xA 1344 in 3
Then X or X 5.60 in. W
6A 240 in 2
6 yA 1584 in 3
and Y or Y 6.60 in. W
6A 240 in 2
PROBLEM 5.2
SOLUTION
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1
1 u 60 u 75 2250 40 25 90 000 56 250
2
2 105 u 75 7875 112.5 37.5 885 900 295 300
6 10 125 975 900 351 600
6xA 975 900 mm3

Then X or X 96.4 mm W
6A 10 125 mm 2
6 yA 351 600 mm3
and Y or Y 34.7 mm W
6A 10 125 mm 2
PROBLEM 5.3
SOLUTION
For the area as a whole, it can be concluded by observation that
24 in.
2
Y or Y 16.00 in. W
3
A, in 2 x , in. xA, in 3
1 2
1 u 24 u 10 120 10 6.667 800
2 3
1 1
2 u 24 u 16 192 10 16 15.333 2944
2 3
6 312 3744
6 xA 3744 in 3
6A 312 in 2
PROBLEM 5.4
SOLUTION

1 21 u 22 462 1.5 11 693 5082
1
2 6 9 27 6 2 162 54
2
1
3 6 12 36 8 2 288 72
2
6 399 567 4956
6 xA 567 mm3
6A 399 mm 2
6 yA 4956 mm3
6A 399 mm 2
PROBLEM 5.5
SOLUTION

1 120 u 200 24 000 60 120 1 440 000 2 880 000
S 60
2
2 5654.9 94.5 120 534 600 678 600
2
6 18 345 905 400 2 201 400
6 xA 905 400 mm3

6A 18 345 mm 2
6 yA 2 201 400 mm3

6A 18 345 mm 2
PROBLEM 5.6
SOLUTION
A, in 2 x , in. y , in. x A, in 3 y A, in 3
S 9
2 4 9
1 3.8917 3.8917 243 243
4
63.617
3S
1
2 15 9 67.5 5 3 337.5 202.5
2
6 131.1 94.5 445.5
6 xA 94.5 in 3
6A 131.1 in 2
6 yA 445.5 in 3
and Y or Y 3.40 in. W
6A 131.1 in 2
PROBLEM 5.7
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies X Y
A, mm 2 x , mm xA, mm3
1 40 u 40 1600 20 32 000
S (40) 2
2 1257 16.98 21 330
4
6 343 10 667
6 xA 10 667 mm3
6A 343 mm 2
and Y X 31.1 mm W
PROBLEM 5.8
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies X 0 W
A, in 2 y , in. yA, in 3
S 4
2
1 25.13 1.6977 42.67
2
S 6
2
2 56.55 2.546 144
2
6 31.42 101.33
6 yA 101.33 in 3
Then Y or Y 3.23 in. W
6A 31.42 in 2
PROBLEM 5.9
For the area of Problem 5.8, determine the ratio r2 /r1 so that y 3r1/4.
SOLUTION
A y yA
S 4r1 2
r12 r13
1 2 3S 3
S 4r2 2 3
r22 r2
2 2 3S 3
S
6
2
r 2
2
r12 3

2 3
r2 r13
Then Y 6A 6y A
S 2
or
3
4
r1 u
2
r2 r12 3

2 3
r2 r13
9S ª§ r2 · º
2 3
§ r2 ·
«¨ ¸ 1» ¨© r ¸¹ 1
16 «© r1 ¹ »
¬ ¼ 1
r2
Let p
r1
9S
16
> ( p 1)( p 1)@ ( p 1)( p 2 p 1)
or 16 p 2 (16 9S) p (16 9S) 0

PROBLEM 5.9 CONTINUED
(16 9S) r (16 9S) 2 4(16)(16 9S)

Then p
2(16)
or p 0.5726 p 1.3397
r2
Taking the positive root 1.340 W
r1
PROBLEM 5.10
Show that as r1 approaches r2 , the location of the centroid approaches that
of a circular arc of radius r1 r2 / 2.
SOLUTION
First, determine the location of the centroid.
2 sin 2 D S
From Fig. 5.8A: y2 r2 S A2 S2 D r22
3 2
D
2 cos D
r2 S
3 2D
cos D
Similarly y1
2
r1 A1 S2 D r12

3 S2 D
cosD ª S cosD ª S
Then 6 yA
2
r2 S 2
D r22 º r1 S D r12 º
3 2
D ¬
2 ¼ 3 2
D ¬ 2 ¼

2 3
3

r2 r13 cosD
§S · §S ·
and 6 A ¨ D ¸ r22 ¨ D ¸ r12
©2 ¹ ©2 ¹
§S · 2
¨ D ¸ r2 r1
©2 ¹
2

Now Y 6 A 6 yA
ª§ S º 2 3
¬© 2
·
¹

Y «¨ D ¸ r22 r12 »
¼ 3

r2 r13 cos D
2 r23 r13 cos D
Y
3 r22 r12 S2 D
1
Using Figure 5.8B, Y of an arc of radius r1 r2 is
2
Y
1 sin D
r1 r2 S 2
S
2 2
D
1 cos D
(r1 r2 ) S

(1)
2 2
D
r23 r13 r2 r1 r22 r1 r2 r12

Now
r22 r12 r2 r1 r2 r1
r22 r1 r2 r12
r2 r1
Let r2 r'
r1 r'
1
Then r r1 r2
2
and
r23 r13 r ' 2 r ' r ' r ' 2
r22 r12 r ' r '
3r 2 ' 2
2r
In the limit as ' o 0 (i.e., r1 r2 ), then
r23 r13
3
r
r22 r12
2
3 1
u (r1 r2 )
2 2
2 3 cos D 1 cos D
so that Y u r1 r2 S or Y r1 r2 S W
3 4 2
D 2 2
D
Which agrees with Eq. (1).
PROBLEM 5.11
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies X 0 W
r2 2 2 in., D 45q
y2c
2r sin D
2 2 2 sin S
4
4
1.6977 in.
3D 3 S
A, in 2 y , in. y A, in 3
43
1
1 6 1 6
2
S
2 2
2
2 6.283 2 yc 0.3024 1.8997
4
4 2
1
3 4 0.6667 2.667
2
6 8.283 5.2330
Then Y 6A 6 yA

Y 8.283 in 2 5.2330 in 3 or Y 0.632 in. W
PROBLEM 5.12
SOLUTION
1 (40)(90) 3600 15 20 54 000 72 000

S 40 60
2 2121 10 15 6750 10 125
4
30 45
1
3 675 25.47 19.099 54 000 40 500
2
6 6396 101 250 21 375
Then XA 6 xA

X 6396 mm 2 101 250 mm3 or X 15.83 mm W
and YA 6 yA

Y 6396 mm 2 21 375 mm3 or Y 3.34 mm W
PROBLEM 5.13
SOLUTION
4080
2
1 2133 48 15 102 400 32 000
3
4080
1
2 1600 53.33 13.333 85 330 21 330
2
6 533.3 17 067 10 667
Then X 6A 6 XA

X 533.3 mm 2 17 067 mm3 or X 32.0 mm W
and Y 6A 6 yA

Y 533.3 mm 2 10 667 mm3 or Y 20.0 mm W
PROBLEM 5.14
SOLUTION

2
1 150 240 24 000 56.25 96 1 350 000 2 304 000
3
150120
1
2 9000 50 40 450 000 360 000
2
6 15 000 900 000 1 944 000
Then X 6A 6 xA

X 15 000 mm 2 900 000 mm3 or X 60.0 mm W
and Y 6A 6 yA

Y 15 000 mm 2 1 944 000 or Y 129.6 mm W
PROBLEM 5.15
SOLUTION
1015
1
1 50 4.5 7.5 225 375
3
S
2 152 176.71 6.366 16.366 1125 2892
4
6 226.71 1350 3267
Then X 6A 6x A

X 226.71 in 2 1350 in 3 or X 5.95 in. W
and Y 6A 6y A

Y 226.71 in 2 3267 in 3 or Y 14.41 in. W
PROBLEM 5.16
SOLUTION
88
2
1 42.67 3 2.8 128 119.47
3
4 2
2
2 5.333 1.5 0.8 8 4.267
3
6 37.33 120 123.73
Then X 6A 6x A

X 37.33 in 2 120 in 3 or X 3.21 in. W
and Y 6A 6y A

Y 37.33 in 2 123.73 in 3 or Y 3.31 in. W
PROBLEM 5.17
The horizontal x axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown
and divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine
the first moment of each component area with respect to the x axis, and
explain the results obtained.
SOLUTION
Note that Qx 6 yA
§5 ·§1 · 2
Then Qx 1 ¨© m¸¹ ¨© u 6 u 5¸¹ m
3 2
or Qx 1 25.0 u 103 mm3 W
§ 2 ·§ 1 · 2 § 1 ·§ 1 · 2
and Qx 2 ¨ u 2.5 m ¸¨ u 9 u 2.5 ¸ m ¨ u 2.5 m ¸¨ u 6 u 2.5 ¸ m
© 3 ¹© 2 ¹ © 3 ¹© 2 ¹
or Qx 2 25.0 u 103 mm3 W
Now Qx Qx 1 Qx 2 0
This result is expected since x is a centroidal axis thus y 0
and Qx 6y A Y 6A y 0 Qx 0
PROBLEM 5.18
The horizontal x axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown
and divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine
the first moment of each component area with respect to the x axis, and
explain the results obtained.
SOLUTION
First, locate the position y of the figure.
A, mm 2 y , mm yA, mm3
1 160 u 300 48 000 150 7 200 000
2 150 u 80 16 000 160 2 560 000
6 32 000 4 640 000
Then Y 6A 6y A

Y 32 000 mm 2 4 640 000 mm3
or Y 145.0 mm
A I: Q I 6 yA
155 115
(160 u 155) ª 80 u 115 º¼
2 2 ¬
1.393 u 10 mm
6 3
W
A II : Q II 6 yA
145 ª 85 º
160 u 145 « 2 80 u 85 »
2 ¬ ¼
1.393 u 106 mm3 W
? Qarea x QI QII 0
Which is expected since Qx 6 yA yA and y 0,

since x is a centroidal axis.
PROBLEM 5.19
The first moment of the shaded area with respect to the x axis is denoted
by Qx . (a) Express Qx in terms of r and T . (b) For what value of T is
Qx maximum, and what is the maximum value?
SOLUTION
(a) With Qx 6 yA and using Fig. 5.8 A,

ª 2 r sin S T º
Qx «3
«
2
S T
» ¬ 32 r sin T ©§¨ 12 u 2r cos T u r sin T ¹·¸
» ª r 2 S2 T º
¼
¬ 2 ¼
2 3
3

r cos T cos T sin 2 T
2 3
or Qx r cos3 T W
3
(b) By observation, Qx is maximum when T 0 W
2 3
and then Qx r W
3
PROBLEM 5.20
A composite beam is constructed by bolting four plates to four
2 u 2 u 3/8-in. angles as shown. The bolts are equally spaced along the
beam, and the beam supports a vertical load. As proved in mechanics of
materials, the shearing forces exerted on the bolts at A and B are
proportional to the first moments with respect to the centroidal x axis of
the red shaded areas shown, respectively, in parts a and b of the figure.
Knowing that the force exerted on the bolt at A is 70 lb, determine the
force exerted on the bolt at B.
SOLUTION
From the problem statement: F v Qx
FA FB
so that
Qx A Qx B
Qx B
and FB F
Qx A A
Now Qx ¦ yA
§ 0.375 ·
So Qx A ¨ 7.5 in. in. ¸ ¬ª10 in. u 0.375 in. ¼º 28.82 in 3
© 2 ¹
Qx A 2 §¨ 7.5 in. ·
0.375
and Qx B in. ¸ ª¬1.625 in. 0.375 in. º¼
© 2 ¹
2 7.5 in. 1 in. ª¬ 2 in. 0.375 in. º¼
28.82 in 3 8.921 in 3 9.75 in 3
47.49 in 3
47.49 in 3
Then FB 70 lb 115.3 lb W
28.82 in 3
PROBLEM 5.21
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure
indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will
coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
L, in. x , in. y , in. xL, in 2 yL, in 2

1 16 8 0 128 0
2 12 16 6 102 72
3 24 4 12 96 288
4 6 8 9 48 54
5 8 4 6 32 48
6 6 0 3 0 18
6 72 336 480
Then X 6L 6x L
X 72 in. 336 in 2 or X 4.67 in. W
and Y 6L 6yL
Y (72 in.) 480 in 2 or Y 6.67 in. W

PROBLEM 5.22
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
L, mm x , mm y , mm xL, mm 2 yL, mm 2
1 165 82.5 0 13 612 0
2 75 165 37.5 12 375 2812
3 105 112.5 75 11 812 7875
4 602 752 96.05 30 37.5 2881 3602
6 441.05 40 680 14 289
Then X 6L 6x L
X (441.05 mm) 40 680 mm 2 or X 92.2 mm W
and Y 6L 6yL
Y (441.05 mm) 14 289 mm 2 Y 32.4 mm W

PROBLEM 5.23
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
L, mm x , mm y , mm xL, mm 2 yL, mm 2
1 122 62 13.416 6 3 80.50 40.25

2 16 12 14 192 224
3 21 1.5 22 31.50 462
4 16 9 14 144 224
5 62 92 10.817 4.5 3 48.67 32.45

6 77.233 111.32 982.7
Then X 6L 6x L
X (77.233 mm) 111.32 mm 2 or X 1.441 mm W
and Y 6L 6yL
Y (77.233 mm) 982.7 mm 2 or Y 12.72 mm W

PROBLEM 5.24
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will
coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
By symmetry X 0 W
L, in. y , in. yL, in 2

1 2 0 0
S 6 2 6
2 3.820 72
S
3 2 0 0
4 S 4 2 4
2.546 32
S
6 35.416 104
Then Y 6L 6yL
Y (35.416 in.) 104 in 2 or Y 2.94 in. W

PROBLEM 5.25
A 750 g uniform steel rod is bent into a circular arc of radius 500 mm
as shown. The rod is supported by a pin at A and the cord BC. Determine
(a) the tension in the cord, (b) the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note, from Figure 5.8B: X
0.5 m sin 30q
S/6
1.5
m
S
Then W mg

0.75 kg 9.81 m/s2
7.358 N
Also note that ' ABD is an equilateral triangle.
Equilibrium then requires
( a ) 6M A 0:
ª § 1.5 · º
«0.5 m ¨ m ¸ cos 30q» 7.358 N ¬ª 0.5 m sin 60q¼º TBC 0
¬ © S ¹ ¼
or TBC 1.4698 N or TBC 1.470 N W
(b) 6Fx 0: Ax 1.4698 N cos 60q 0
or Ax 0.7349 N
6Fy 0: Ay 7.358 N 1.4698 N sin 60q 0
or Ay 6.085 N thus A 6.13 N 83.1q W

PROBLEM 5.26
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is supported by a pin
at B. Knowing that l 8 in., determine the angle T for which portion
BC of the wire is horizontal.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie
on a vertical line through B. Further, because the wire is homogeneous,
its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding
line.
Thus 6M B 0, which implies that x 0 or 6xL 0
Hence
S u 6 in. §¨
2(6 in.) 8 in. ·
¸ 8 in.
S © 2 ¹
§ 6 in. ·
¨ 8 in. cosT ¸ 6 in. 0
© 2 ¹
4
Then cosT or T 63.6q W
9
PROBLEM 5.27
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is supported by a pin
at B. Knowing that T 30q, determine the length l for which portion CD
of the wire is horizontal.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on
a vertical line through B. Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its
center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
Thus 6M B 0, which implies that x 0 or 6xi Li 0
ª 2 6 in. º
Hence « cos 30q 6 in. sin 30q » S u 6 in.
¬ S ¼
ª l in. º
« cos 30q» l in.
¬ 2 ¼
ª 6 in. º
« l in. cos 30q 6 in. 0
¬ 2 »¼
or l 2 12.0l 316.16 0
with roots l1 12.77 and 24.77.

Taking the positive root
l 12.77 in. W
PROBLEM 5.28
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is attached to a hinge
at C. Determine the length L for which the portion BCD of the wire is
horizontal.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on
a vertical line through C. Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its
center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
Thus 6M C 0, which implies that x 0
or 6 xi Li 0
L 4 in.8 in. 4 in.10 in.

L
Hence 0
2
or L2 144 in 2 or L 12.00 in. W

PROBLEM 5.29
Determine the distance h so that the centroid of the shaded area is as close
to line BBc as possible when (a) k 0.2, (b) k 0.6.
SOLUTION
6yA
Then y
6A
a ª a h º
ab « » ª¬ kb a h º¼
or y
2 ¬ 2 ¼
ba kb a h
1 a 1 k kh
2 2
2 a(1 k ) kh
h
Let c 1 k and ]
a
a c k] 2
Then y (1)
2 c k]
Now find a value of ] (or h) for which y is minimum:

a 2k] c k] k c k]
2

dy
d] 2 c k] 2
0 or
2] c k] c k] 2 0 (2)
Expanding (2) 2c] 2] 2

c k] 2
0 or k] 2
2c] c 0
2c r 2c 2 4 k c
Then ]
2k
Taking the positive root, since h ! 0 (hence ] ! 0 )
2 1 k 4 1 k 4k 1 k
2
h a
2k
2 1 0.2 4 1 0.2 4 0.2 1 0.2

2
(a) k 0.2: h a or h 0.472a W
2 0.2
2 1 0.6 4 1 0.6 4 0.6 1 0.6

2
(b) k 0.6: h a or h 0.387a W
2 0.6
PROBLEM 5.30
Show when the distance h is selected to minimize the distance y from
line BBc to the centroid of the shaded area that y h.
SOLUTION
From Problem 5.29, note that Eq. (2) yields the value of ] that minimizes h.
Then from Eq. (2)
c k] 2
We see 2] (3)
c k]
Then, replacing the right-hand side of (1) by 2] , from Eq. (3)
2]
a
We obtain y
2
h
But ]
a
So y h Q.E.D. W
PROBLEM 5.31
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express
your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
h
For the element of area (EL) shown y x
a
and dA h y dx
§ x·
h ¨1 ¸ dx
© a¹
Then xEL x
h y
1
yEL
2
h§ x·
¨1 ¸
2© a¹
a
a § x· § x2 · 1
Then area A ³ dA ³ h 1
0 ¨ ¸ dx h¨ x ah
© a¹ © 2a ¸¹ 2
0
a
a ª § x· º § x 2 x3 · 1 2
and ³ xEL dA ³
0 « ¨
x h 1 ¸ dx » h ¨¨ ¸ a h
¬ © a¹ ¼ © 2 3a ¸¹ 6
0
a h§ x ·ª § x· º h2 a § x2 ·
³ yEL dA ³0 2 ¨1 a ¸ « h ¨1 a ¸ dx » ³ ¨
2 0 ¨©
1 ¸dx
a 2 ¸¹
© ¹¬ © ¹ ¼
a
h2 § x3 · 1 2
¨¨ x 2 ¸¸ ah
2 © 3a ¹ 3
0
Hence xA ³ xELdA
§1 · 1 2
x ¨ ah ¸ a h
©2 ¹ 6
1
x a W
3
yA ³ yELdA
§1 · 1 2
y ¨ ah ¸ ah
©2 ¹ 3
2
y h W
3
PROBLEM 5.32
SOLUTION
For the element (EL) shown
h
At x a, y h: h ka3 or k
a3
a 1/3
Then x y
h1/3
Now dA xdy
a 1/3
y dy
h1/3
1 1 a 1/3
xEL x y , yEL y
2 2 h1/ 3
h
Then A ³ dA ³0
h a 1/3
h1/3
y dy
3 a
4 h1/3

y 4/3
0
3
4
ah
h
1 a 1/3 § a 1/3 ·
h 1 a § 3 5/3 · 3 2
and ³ xEL dA ³ 2 h1/3 y ¨ h1/3 y dy ¸ ¨ y ¸ a h
0
© ¹ 2 h 2/3 © 5 ¹0 10
h
h § a 1/3 · a § 3 7/3 · 3 2
³ yEL dA ³ y ¨ h1/3 y dy ¸ ¨ y ¸ ah
0
© ¹ h1/3 © 7 ¹0 7
§3 · 3 2 2
Hence xA ³ xELdA : x ¨ 4 ah ¸ a h x a W
© ¹ 10 5
§3 · 3 2 4
yA ³ yEL dA: y ¨ 4 ah ¸ ah y h W
© ¹ 7 7
PROBLEM 5.33
SOLUTION
h
At x a, y h: h k1a3 or k1
a3
a
a k 2 h3 or k2
h3
Hence, on line 1
h 3
y x
a3
and on line 2
h 1/3
y x
a1/3
Then
§ h 1/3 h 3· 1 § h 1/3 h ·
dA ¨© 1/3 x 3 x ¸¹ dx and yEL ¨ x 3 x3 ¸
a a 2 © a1/3 a ¹
a
a§h 1/3 h 3· § 3 1 · 1
? A ³ dA ³ a1/3 x a3 x ¸ dx
0¨
h ¨ 1/3 x 4/3 3 x 4 ¸ ah
© ¹ © 4a 4a ¹0 2
a
a § h 1/3 h · § 3 1 · 8 2
³ xELdA ³0 ¨
x x 3 x3 ¸ dx h ¨ 1/3 x7/3 3 x5 ¸ a h
©a ¹ © 7a ¹0
1/3
a 5a 35
a § 1 h 3 ·§
h h3· h
³ yEL dA ³0 2 ¨ a1/3 x a3 x ¸¨ a1/3 x a3 x ¸ dx
1/3 1/3
© ¹© ¹
a
h 2 a § x 2/3 x 6 · h 2 § 3 x5/3 1 x6 · 8 2
³ ¨ ¸ dx ¨ ¸ ah
2 0 ¨© a 2/3 a 6 ¸¹ 2 ¨© 5 a5/3 7 a 6 ¸¹ 35
0
§ ah · 8 2 16
From xA ³ xEL dA: x ¨ 2 ¸ a h or x a W
© ¹ 35 35
§ ah · 8 2 16
and yA ³ yEL dA: y ¨ 2 ¸ ah or y h W
© ¹ 35 35
PROBLEM 5.34
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x 0 W
2r
yEL (Figure 5.8B)
S
dA S rd r
r2
§ r2 · S
Then A ³ dA ³
r2
r1
S rd r S ¨¨ ¸¸ r 2
2
r12
© 2 ¹ r1 2
r2
and ³ yEL dA ³ S S rd r
r2
r1
2r §1 ·
2 ¨ r3¸
©3 ¹ r
2 3
3

r2 r13
1
S
³ yELdA: y « 2 r2 r1 »
ª 2 º 2 3
So yA 2
r2 r13
¬ ¼ 3
4 r23 r13
or y W
3S r22 r12
PROBLEM 5.35
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x 0 W
y R cos T, x R sin T
dx R cos T d T
dA ydx R 2 cos 2T dT
Hence
D
D 2 §T
sin 2T · 1 2
A ³ dA 2³0 R cos T dT
2 2
2R ¨ ¸ R 2D sin 2D
©2 4 ¹0 2
D
³ yEL dA
DR

2³0 cosT R 2 cos 2 T dT
2
3§1 2 ·
R ¨ cos T sin T sin T ¸
©3
2
3 ¹0
R3
3

cos 2 D sin D 2sin D
R3
3

cos 2 D sin D 2sin D
But yA ³ yELdA so y
R2

2D sin 2D
2
or y
2
R sin D
cos 2 D 2

3 2D sin 2D
2 3 sin 2 D
Alternatively, y R sin D W
3 2D sin 2D
PROBLEM 5.36
SOLUTION
b 2
y a x2
a
and dA b y dx
b
a
a a 2 x 2 dx
xEL x; yEL
1
2
y b
2a
b
a a 2 x2
Then A ³ dA
b
a

³0 a a a x dx
2 2

To integrate, let x a sin T : a 2 x 2 a cosT , dx a cosT dT
S /2 b
Then A ³0 a a a cosT a cosT dT
S /2
bª 2 2 §T 2T · º § S·
« a sin T a ¨ sin ¸» ab ¨1 ¸
a¬ ©2 4 ¹¼ 0 © 4¹
S /2
and ³ xEL dA
a ªb
³x
0 «
¬a
a a x2 2
º
dx »
¼
b ª§ a 2 1 2
¨ x a x
a «¬© 2 3
2

3/2 · º
¸»
¹¼ 0
1 3
ab
6
³ yEL dA
a b
2 ªb º
³0 2a a a x « a a a x dx »
2
¬
2 2
¼

a
b 2 § x3 ·
b2 a 2
³ x dx
2a 2 0
¨ ¸
2a 2 ¨© 3 ¸¹
1 2
6
ab
0
§ª · S º 1 2 2a
xA ³ xEL dA: x « ab ¨1 4 ¸ » ab or x
3 4 S
W
¬ © ¹¼ 6
§ ª · S º 1 2 2b
yA ³ yEL dA: y « ab ¨1 4 ¸ » ab or y
3 4 S
W
¬ © ¹¼ 6
PROBLEM 5.37
your answer in terms of a and b.
SOLUTION
For the element (EL) shown on line 1 at
b
x a, b k2a 2 or k2
a2
b 2
? y x
a2
2b
On line 2 at x a, 2b k1a3 or k2
a3
2b 3
? y x
a3
§ b 2 2b 3 ·
dA ¨© 2 x 3 x ¸¹ dx
a a
a
a b § 2 2 x3 · b § x3 2 x 4 ·
Then A ³ dA ³ a 2 ¨ x x ¸ dx a 2 ¨© 3

4a ¸¹
0
© ¹ 0
§ 1 1· 5
ab ¨ ¸ ab
© 3 2¹ 6
a
a § b 2 2b 3 · b § x 4 2 x5 · §1 2·
and ³ xEL dA ³0 ¨
x x 3 x ¸ dx ¨ ¸ a 2b ¨ ¸
©a
2
a ¹ a 2 ¨© 4 5a ¸¹ ©4 5¹
0
13 2
ab
20
a1§ b 2 2b 3 · ª§ b 2 2b 3 · º
³ yEL dA ³0 2 ¨ a 2 x a3 x ¸ «¨ a 2 x a3 x ¸ dx »
© ¹ ¬© ¹ ¼
a
1 ª§ b 2 · § 2b 3 · º b 2 § x5 ·
2 2
a 2
x
³ 2 ¨ a 2 ¸ ¨ a3 ¸ » dx
« x 4¨
¨ 2 x7 ¸¸
¬«© ¹ © ¹ ¼»
0
2a © 5 7a ¹0
§ 1 2· 13 2
b 2a5 ¨ ¸ ab
© 10 7 ¹ 70
§ · 5 13 2 39
Then xA ³ xELdA: x ¨ 6 ab ¸ ab or x a W
© ¹ 20 50
§ ·5 13 39
³ yELdA: y ¨ 6 ab ¸ 70 ab b W
2
yA or y
© ¹ 175
PROBLEM 5.38
SOLUTION
At x 0, y b
b
k 0 a
2
b or k
a2
b
Then y x a 2
a2
2
x a
y b 2
Now xEL x, yEL
2 2a
2
x a dx
b 2
and dA ydx
a
b b ª a 1
3º
³0 a 2 x a dx
a 2
Then A ³ dA x a ab
3a «
2 ¬ »¼ 0 3
and ³ xEL dA
a ª
¬
b º
³0 x « a 2 x a dx »
2
¼
b a 3

³ x 2ax a x dx
a2 0
2 2

b § x4 2 3 a2 2 · 1 2
¨ ax x ¸¸ ab
a 2 ¨© 4 3 2 ¹ 12
a
b 2ª b º b2 ª1 5º
³ 2a 2 x a « a 2 x a dx » « 5 x a »
a 2
³ yEL dA 0
¬ ¼ 2a 4 ¬ ¼0
1 2
ab
10
§ · 1 1 2 1
Hence xA ³ xEL dA: x ¨ 3 ab ¸ ab x a W
© ¹ 12 4
§ · 1 1 2 3
yA ³ yELdA: y ¨ 3 ab ¸ ab y b W
© ¹ 10 10
PROBLEM 5.39
SOLUTION
Have xEL x
1 a§ x x2 ·
yEL y ¨¨1 2 ¸¸
2 2© L L ¹
§ x x2 ·
dA ydx a ¨¨1 2 ¸¸ dx
© L L ¹
2L
2L § x x2 · ª x2 x3 º 8
Then A ³ dA ³ a ¨1 2 ¸ dx a «x 2» aL
0
© L L ¹ ¬ 2L 3L ¼0 3
2L
2L ª § x x2 · º ª x2 x3 x4 º
and ³ xEL dA ³
0
x « a ¨¨1 2 ¸¸ dx » a« 2»
«¬ © L L ¹ »¼ ¬2 3L 4 L ¼ 0
10 2
aL
3
2L a§ x x2 · ª § x x2 · º
³ yEL dA ³ ¨ 1 ¸ ¨« a 1 ¸ dx »
0
2 ¨© L L2 ¸¹ ¬« ¨© L L2 ¸¹ ¼»
a 2 EL § x x2 x3 x 4 ·
³0 ¨¨ 1 2 3 2 ¸ dx
2 © L L2
L3 L4 ¸¹
2L
a2 ª x 2 x3 x4 x5 º 11 2
«x 2 3 4» a L
2 ¬ L L 2L 5L ¼ 0 5
§ 8 · 10 2 5
Hence xA ³ xEL dA: x ¨ 3 aL ¸ aL x L W
© ¹ 3 4
§ 1 · 11 2 33
yA ³ yELdA: y ¨ 8 a ¸ a y a W
© ¹ 5 40
PROBLEM 5.40
SOLUTION
2b
For y1 at x a, y 2b 2b ka 2 or k
a2
2b 2
Then y1 x
a2
§ x·
x 2b
b
By observation y2 b¨2 ¸
a © a¹
Now xEL x
and for 0 d x d a :
1 b 2 2b 2
yEL y1 x and dA y1dx x dx
2 a2 a2
For a d x d 2a :
1 b§ x· § x·
yEL y2 ¨2 ¸ and dA y2dx b ¨ 2 ¸ dx
2 2© a¹ © a ¹
a 2b 2 2a § x·
Then A ³ dA ³0 a 2 x dx ³a b ¨ 2 a ¸dx
© ¹
2a
2b ª x3 º
a
ª a§ x· º
2
7
« » b « ¨ 2 ¸ » ab
a2 ¬ 3 ¼0 «¬ 2 © a ¹ »¼ 6
0
a § 2b 2 · 2a ª § x· º
and ³ xEL dA ³0 x ¨ a 2 x dx ¸ ³a x «b ¨ 2 a ¸ dx »
© ¹ ¬ © ¹ ¼
a 2a
2b ª x 4 º ª 2 x3 º
2 « » b «x »
a ¬ 4 ¼0 ¬ 3a ¼ 0
1 2
2 ¬ ^
a b b ª« 2a a º»
2 2 1 ª 2
¼ 3a ¬«
3 ½
2a a º» ¾
¼¿
7 2
ab
6
a b 2 ª 2b 2 º 2a b § x·ª § x· º
³ yEL dA ³0 a 2 x « a 2 x dx » ³0 2 ¨ 2 a ¸ «b ¨ 2 a ¸ dx »
¬ ¼ © ¹¬ © ¹ ¼
2a
b2 ª a § x· º
a
2b 2 ª x5 º 3
« » « ¨ 2 ¸ »
a4 ¬ 5 ¼0 2 «¬ 3 © a ¹ »¼
a
17 2
ab
30
§ 7 · 7 2
Hence xA ³ xEL dA: x ¨ 6 ab ¸ ab x a W
© ¹ 6
§ ·
7 17 2 17
yA ³ yELdA: y ¨ 6 ab ¸ ab y b W
© ¹ 30 35
PROBLEM 5.41
SOLUTION
a
For y2 at x a, y b: a kb 2 or k
b2
b 1/2
Then y2 x
a
Now xEL x
a y2 b x1/2 x1/2
and for 0d xd : yEL , dA y2dx b dx
2 2 2 a a
a 1 b § x 1 x1/2 ·
For d x d a : yEL y1 y2 ¨ ¸
2 2 2 ¨© a 2 a ¸¹
§ x1/2 x 1 ·
dA y2 y1 dx b¨ ¸ dx
© a a 2¹
a/2 x1/2 a § x1/2 x 1 ·

Then A ³ dA ³ 0
b dx ³a/2 b ¨¨ ¸¸ dx
a © a a 2¹
a
b ª 2 3/2 º
a/2
ª 2 x3/2 x2 1 º
x b « x»
a «¬ 3 »
¼0 ¬3 a 2a 2 ¼ a/2
2 b ª§ a · §a· º
3/2 3/2
«¨ ¸
a
3/2
¨ ¸ »
3 a «¬© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ »¼
° 1 ª ½
§a· º 1ª
2
§ a ·º °
2a «¬

b ® « a ¨ ¸ » « a ¨ ¸ » ¾
2
© 2 ¹ »¼ 2 ¬ © 2 ¹¼ °
¯° ¿
13
ab
24
a/2 § x1/2 · a ª § x1/2 x 1 · º

and ³ xEL dA ³
0
x ¨¨ b dx ¸¸ ³a/2 x «b ¨¨ ¸¸ »dx
© a ¹ ¬« © a a 2 ¹ ¼»
a
b ª 2 5/2 º
a/2
ª 2 x5/2 x3 x 4 º
x b « »
a «¬ 5 »
¼0 ¬ 5 a 3a 4 ¼ a/2
2 b ª§ a · §a· º
5/2 5/2
«¨ ¸ a ¨ ¸ »
5/2
5 a «¬© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ »¼
° 1 ª 3 § a ·3 º 1 ª 2 § a ·2 º ½°
b ® « a ¨ ¸ » « a ¨ ¸ » ¾
°¯ 3a «¬ © 2 ¹ »¼ 4 «¬ © 2 ¹ »¼ °
¿
71 2
ab
240
a/2 b x1/2 ª x1/2 º
³ yEL dA ³0 2 «b dx »
a¬ a ¼
a b§ x 1 x1/2 · ª § x1/2 x 1 · º
³a/2 ¨¨ ¸ «b ¨ ¸ dx »
2© a 2 a ¸¹ «¬ ¨© a a 2 ¸¹ »¼
a
b 2 ª§ x 2 1 § x 1 · ·º
a/2 3
b2 ª 1 2 º
x « ¨ ¨ ¸ ¸»
2a «¬ 2 »¼ 0 2 «¨© 2a 3a © a 2 ¹ ¸¹ »
¬ ¼ a/2
b ª§ a · § a · º b2 § a 1 ·
2 2 3
«¨ ¸ ¨ ¸»
a
2
¨ ¸
4a «¬© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ »¼ 6a © 2 2 ¹
11 2
ab
48
§ ·13 71 2 17
Hence xA ³ xEL dA: x ¨ 24 ab ¸ ab x a 0.546a W
© ¹ 240 130
§ ·13 11 2 11
yA ³ yEL dA: y ¨ 24 ab ¸ ab y b 0.423b W
© ¹ 48 26
PROBLEM 5.42
A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by direct
integration the x coordinate of its centroid. Express your answer in terms
of a.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity
coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line
1
Have at x a, y a: a ka 2 or k
a
1 2 2
Thus y x and dy xdx
a a
2 2
§ dy · §2 ·
Then dL 1 ¨ ¸ dx 1 ¨ x ¸ dx
© dx ¹ ©a ¹
a
4 ªx 2 § 2 ·º
? L ³ dL
a
³ 1 2 x 2 dx « 1 4 x a ln ¨ 2 x 1 4 x ¸»
0
a «2 a2 4 ¨a a2 ¸»
¬ © ¹¼0
a
2
a
5 ln 2 5
4
1.4789a
a
§ 4x2 · ª 2 § a2 · § 4 2· º
3/2
x¨ 1 2 dx ¸
a
³ xELdL ³
0 ¨
« ¨¨ ¸¸ ¨1 2 x ¸ »
a ¸ «¬ 3 © 8 ¹ © a ¹ »¼
© ¹ 0
a 2 3/2
12
5 1 0.8484a 2
Then xL ³ xEL dL: x 1.4789a 0.8484a 2 x 0.574a W
PROBLEM 5.43
integration the x coordinate of its centroid.
SOLUTION
Now xEL r cos T and dL rd T
7S /4 7S /4
r >T @S /4
3
Then L ³ dL ³S /4 rdT 2
Sr
7S /4
and ³ xELdL ³S /4 r cosT rdT
7S /4 § 1 1 ·
r 2 >sin T @S /4 r2 ¨ ¸ r 2 2
© 2 2¹
§ ·3 2 2
Thus xL ³ xdL : x ¨ 2 S r ¸ r 2 2 x
3S
r W
© ¹
PROBLEM 5.44
integration the x coordinate of its centroid.
SOLUTION
Now xEL a cos3 T and dL dx 2 dy 2
Where x a cos3 T : dx 3a cos2 T sin T dT
y a sin 3 T : dy 3a sin 2 T cosT dT

1/2
ª
3a sin T cosT dT º»¼
2 2
«¬ 3a cos T sin T dT
2 2
Then dL

1/2
3a cosT sin T cos 2 T sin 2 T dT
3a cosT sin T dT
S /2
S /2 ª1 º
? L ³ dL ³0 3a cosT sin T dT 3a « sin 2 T »
¬2 ¼0
3
a
2
S /2
³ xEL dL ³0 a cos T 3a cosT sin T dT
3
and
S /2
ª 1 º 3 2
3a 2 « cos5 T » a
¬ 5 ¼0 5
§ 3 · 3 2 2
Hence xL ³ xEL dL : x ¨ 2 a ¸ a x a W
© ¹ 5 5
Alternative solution
2/3
§ x·
x a cos3 T cos 2 T ¨© ¸¹
a
2/3
§ y·
y a sin 3 T sin 2 T ¨© ¸¹
a
2/3 2/3
§ x· § y·
a
3/2
? ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 1 or y 2/3
x 2/3
© a¹ © a¹
dy
a x
1/2 1/3
Then 2/3
x 2/3
dx
Now xEL x
1/2
2 ° 2½
§ dy ·

ª 2/3
x º °
1/2
1/3
and dL 1 ¨ ¸ dx ®1 « a x
2/3
»¼ ¾ dx
© dx ¹ °¯ ¬ °¿
a
a a
1/3
ª3 º 3
Then L ³ dL ³ x dx a1/3 « x 2/3 » a
0 1/ 3
¬2 ¼0 2
a §a · a
1/3
ª3 º 3 2
and ³ xELdL ³ x
0 ¨ 1/3
dx¸ a1/3 « x5/3 » a
©x ¹ ¬5 ¼0 5
§ ·3 3 2 2
Hence xL ³ xEL dL : x ¨ 2 a ¸ a x a W
© ¹ 5 5
PROBLEM 5.45
SOLUTION
2 2 T
Have xEL r cosT ae cosT
3 3
2 2 T
yEL r sin T ae sin T
3 3
1 1 2 2T
and dA r rdT a e dT
2 2
Then
S
A ³ dA
S 1 2 2T
³0 2 a e dT
1 2 ª 1 2T º
a
2 «¬ 2
e »
¼0
1 2 2S
4
a e 1 133.623a 2
S 2T § 2 2T · 1 1 3 S 3T
and ³ xELdA ³0 3ae cosT ¨ 2 a e dT ¸ a ³ e cosT dT
© ¹ 3 0
To proceed, use integration by parts, with
u e3T and du 3e3T dT

dv cosT dT and v sin T
Then 3T
³ e cosT dT e3T sin T ³ sin T 3e3T dT
Now let u e3T then du 3e3T dT
dv sin T dT , then v cosT
Then 3T
³ e sin T dT e3T sin T 3 ª e3T cosT ³ cosT 3e3T dT º
¬ ¼
e3T
So that 3T
³ e cosT dT sin T 3cosT
10
S
1 3 ª e3T º
? ³ xEL dA a «
3 ¬ 10
sin T 3cos T »
¼0
a3
30

3e3S 3 1239.26a3
S T2 § 2 2T · 1 1 3 S 3T
Also ³ yEL dA ³0 3 ae sin T ¨ 2 a e dT ¸ a ³ e sin T dT
© ¹ 3 0
Using integration by parts, as above, with
u e3T and du 3e3T dT

dv ³ sin T dT and v cosT
Then 3T
³ e sin Td T
e3T cos T ³ cos T 3e3T d T
e3T
So that ³ e3T sin Td T cos T 3sin T
10
S
1 3 ª e3T º
? ³ yEL dA a «
3 ¬ 10
cos T 3sin T »
¼0
a3 3S
30

e 1 413.09a3
³ xELdA: x 133.623a 1239.26a3 9.27a W

2
Hence xA or x
³ yEL dA: y 133.623a 3.09a W

2
yA 413.09a3 or y
PROBLEM 5.46
SOLUTION
1 Sx
Have xEL x, yEL x sin
2 L
and dA ydx
L/2
L/2 Sx ª L2 Sx L Sxº L2
A ³ dA ³ x sin dx « 2 sin x cos »
0
L ¬S L S L ¼0 S2
L/2 § Sx ·
and x ³ xELdA ³0 x ¨ x sin L dx ¸
© ¹
L/2
ª 2 L2 § S x · 2 L3 § S x · L 2 § S x ·º L3 L3
« 2 x sin ¨ ¸ 3 cos ¨ ¸ x sin ¨ ¸» 2
¬S © L ¹ S © L ¹ S © L ¹¼0 S S3
2
L/2 1 § Sx Sx ·
Also y ³ yEL dA ³0 2 x sin L ¨ x sin L dx ¸
© ¹
L/2
1 ª 2 L2 Sx § L 2 L3 · Sxº
« 2 x sin ¨¨ x 3 ¸¸ cos »
2 «¬ S L ©S S ¹ L »¼
0
1 ª 1 § L3 · º
« ¨¨ ¸¸
L2 § L ·
2 ¨ ¸
2 ¬« 6 © 8 ¹ 4S © 2 ¹
1 »
L3
96S 2

6 S2
¼»
§ L2 · § 1 z ·
Hence xA ³ xEL dA: x ¨¨ S 2 ¸¸ L3 ¨ 2 3 ¸
© ¹ © S S ¹
or x 0.363L W
§ L2 · L3 § 1 2 ·
yA ³ yEL dA: y ¨¨ S 2 ¸¸ 2¨ 2
3¸
© ¹ 96S © S S ¹
or y 0.1653L W
PROBLEM 5.47
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by
rotating the area of Problem. 5.2 about (a) the x axis, (b) the line
x 165 mm.
SOLUTION
From the solution to Problem 5.2:
A 10 125 mm 2 , X area 96.4 mm, Yarea 34.7 mm Area

L 441.05 mm X line 92.2 mm, Yline 32.4 mm Line

Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
(a) Rotation about the x axis:
Area 2S Yline L 2S 32.4 mm 441.05 mm 89.786 u 103 mm 2
A 89.8 u 103 mm 2 W
Volume 2S Yarea A 2S 34.7 mm 10 125 mm 2.2075 u 106 mm3
V 2.21 u 106 mm3 W

(b) Rotation about x 165 mm:
Area
2S 165 X line L 2S ª¬165 92.2 mm º¼ 441.05 mm 2.01774 u 105 mm 2
A 0.202 u 106 mm 2 W
Volume
2S 165 X area A 2S ª¬165 96.4 mm º¼ 10 125 mm 4.3641 u 106 mm3
V 4.36 u 106 mm3 W

PROBLEM 5.48
rotating the area of Problem 5.4 about (a) the line y 22 mm, (b) the
line x 12 mm.
SOLUTION
A 399 mm 2 , X area 1.421 mm, Yarea 12.42 mm (Area)

L 77.233 mm, X line 1.441 mm, Yline 12.72 mm (Line)
(a) Rotation about the line y 22 mm:
Area
2S 22 Yline L 2S ª¬ 22 12.72 mm º¼ 77.233 mm 4503 mm 2
A 4.50 u 103 mm 2 W
Volume
2S 22 Yarea A
2S ª¬ 22 12.42 mm º¼ 399 mm 2 24 016.97 mm3
V 24.0 u 103 mm3 W

(b) Rotation about line x 12 mm:
Area
2S 12 X line L 2S ª¬12 1.441 mm º¼ 77.233 mm 5124.45 mm 2
A 5.12 u 103 mm 2 W
Volume 2S 12 1.421 A
2S ª¬12 1.421 mm º¼ 399 mm 2 26 521.46 mm3
V 26.5 u 103 mm3 W

PROBLEM 5.49
rotating the area of Problem 5.1 about (a) the x axis, (b) the line
x 16 in.
SOLUTION
A 240 in 2 , X area 5.60 in., Yarea 6.60 in. (Area)

L 72 in., X line 4.67 in., Yline 6.67 in.
(a) Rotation about the x axis:
Ax 2S Yline L 2S 6.67 in. 72 in. 3017.4 in 2
A 3020 in 2 W
Vx 2S Yarea A
2S 6.60 in. 240 in 2 9952.6 in 3
V 9950 in 3 W
(b) Rotation about x 16 in.:
Ax 16
2S 16 X line L 2S ª¬16 4.67 in.º¼ 72 in. 5125.6 in 2
Ax 16 5130 in 2 W
Vx 16
2S 16 X area A
2S ª¬16 5.60 in.º¼ 240 in 2 15 682.8 in 3
Vx 16 15.68 u 103 in 3 W
PROBLEM 5.50
Determine the volume of the solid generated by rotating the semielliptical
area shown about (a) the axis AAc, (b) the axis BBc, (c) the y axis.
SOLUTION
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have

(a) Rotation about axis AAc :
§ S ab ·
Volume 2S yA 2S a ¨ ¸ S 2a 2b V S 2a 2b W
© 2 ¹
(b) Rotation about axis BBc :
§ S ab ·
Volume 2S yA 2S 2a ¨ ¸ 2S 2a 2b V 2S 2a 2b W
© 2 ¹
(c) Rotation about y-axis:
§ 4a ·§ S ab · 2 2 2 2
Volume 2S yA 2S ¨ ¸¨ ¸ Sa b V Sa bW
© 3S ¹© 2 ¹ 3 3
PROBLEM 5.51
Determine the volume and the surface area of the chain link shown,
which is made from a 2-in.-diameter bar, if R 3 in. and L 10 in.
SOLUTION
First note that the area A and the circumference C of the cross section of the bar are
S
A d2 and C Sd
4
Observe that the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal
semicircular arc of radius R. Then, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
Volume 2 Vside 2 Vend 2 AL 2 S RA 2 L S R A
ªS 2º
2 ª¬10 in. S 3 in. º¼ « 2 in. »
¬ 4 ¼
122.049 in 3
V 122.0 in 3 W
Area 2 Aside 2 Aend 2 CL 2 S RC 2 L S RC
2 ª¬10 in. S 3 in. º¼ ª¬S 4 in. º¼
488.198 in 2
A 488 in 2 W
PROBLEM 5.52
Verify that the expressions for the volumes of the first four shapes in
Figure 5.21 on page 261 are correct.
SOLUTION
Following the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, in each case a
specific generating area A will be rotated about the x axis to produce the
given shape. Values of y are from Fig. 5.8A.
(1) Hemisphere: the generating area is a quarter circle
§ 4a ·§ S ·
Have V 2S yA 2S ¨ ¸¨ a 2 ¸
© 3S ¹© 4 ¹
2 3
or V Sa W
3
(2) Semiellipsoid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter ellipse
§ 4a ·§ S ·
Have V 2S yA 2S ¨ ¸¨ ha ¸
© 3S ¹© 4 ¹
2 2
or V Sa hW
3
(3) Paraboloid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter parabola
§ 3 ·§ 2 ·
Have V 2S yA 2S ¨ a ¸¨ ah ¸
© 8 ¹© 3 ¹
1 2
or V Sa hW
2
(4) Cone: the generating area is a triangle

§ a ·§ 1 ·
Have V 2S yA 2S ¨ ¸¨ ha ¸
© 3 ¹© 2 ¹
1 2
or V Sa hW
3
PROBLEM 5.53
A 15-mm-diameter hole is drilled in a piece of 20-mm-thick steel; the
hole is then countersunk as shown. Determine the volume of steel
removed during the countersinking process.
SOLUTION
The required volume can be generated by rotating the area shown about the y axis. Applying the second
theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
ª§ 5 · º ª1 º
V 2S xA 2S «¨ 7.5 ¸ mm » u « u 5 mm u 5 mm »
¬© 3 ¹ ¼ ¬2 ¼
or V 720 mm3 W
PROBLEM 5.54
Three different drive belt profiles are to be studied. If at any given time
each belt makes contact with one-half of the circumference of its pulley,
determine the contact area between the belt and the pulley for each
design.
SOLUTION
Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, the contact area AC of a
belt is given by
AC S yL S6 yL
Where the individual lengths are the “Lengths” of the belt cross section
that are in contact with the pulley
Have AC S ª¬ 2 y1L1 y2 L2 º¼
° ª§ 2.5 · º ª 2.5 mm º
S ®2 «¨ 60 ¸ mm » « »
¯° ¬© 2 ¹ ¼ ¬ cos 20q ¼
½
ª¬ 60 2.5 mm º¼ 12.5 mm ¾
¿
or AC 3.24 u 103 mm 2 W
Have AC S ª¬ 2 y1L1 º¼
ª§ 7.5 · º § 7.5 mm ·
2S «¨ 60 1.6 ¸ mm » u ¨ D ¸
¬© 2 ¹ ¼ © cos 20 ¹
or AC 2.74 u 103 mm 2 W
ª§ 2u 5· º
S y1L1 S «¨ 60 mm » S u 5 mm
S ¸¹
Have AC
¬© ¼
or AC 2.80 u 103 mm 2 W
PROBLEM 5.55
Determine the capacity, in gallons, of the punch bowl shown if R 12 in.
SOLUTION
The volume can be generated by rotating the triangle and circular sector shown about the y axis. Applying the
second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Fig. 5.8A, we have
V 2S xA 2S6xA 2S x1 A1 x2 A2
ª § · º
«§ 1 1 · § 1 1 3 · ¨ 2 R sin 30D ¸ § S · »
2S «¨ u R ¸ ¨¨ u R u R ¸¸ ¨ cos30D ¸ ¨ R 2 ¸ »
«© 3 2 ¹ © 2 2 S
¸¸ ©
2 ¹ ¨ 3u 6 ¹»
¨
¬« © 6 ¹ »¼
§ R3 R3 · 3 3
2S ¨¨ ¸¸ S R3
© 16 3 2 3 ¹ 8
3 3
S 12 in.
3
3526.03 in 3
8
Since 1 gal 231 in 3
3526.03 in 3
V 15.26 gal
231 in 3/gal
V 15.26 gal W
PROBLEM 5.56
The aluminum shade for a small high-intensity lamp has a uniform
thickness of 3/32 in. Knowing that the specific weight of aluminum is
0.101 lb/in 3, determine the weight of the shade.
SOLUTION
The weight of the lamp shade is given by

W JV J At
where A is the surface area of the shade. This area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the
x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A 2S yL 2S6yL 2S y1L1 y2 L2 y3 L3 y4 L4
ª 0.6 mm 0.60 0.75 ·

2S « 0.6 mm §¨ ¸ mm u 0.15 mm 2 1.5 mm 2
¬ 2 © 2 ¹
§ 0.75 1.25 ·
¨ ¸ mm u 0.50 mm 2 0.40 mm 2
© 2 ¹
§ 1.25 1.5 · º
¨ ¸ mm u 0.25 mm 2 1.25 mm 2 »
© 2 ¹ ¼
2
22.5607 in
3
Then W 0.101 lb/in 3 u 22.5607 in 2 u in. 0.21362 lb
32
W 0.214 lb W
PROBLEM 5.57
The top of a round wooden table has the edge profile shown. Knowing
that the diameter of the top is 1100 mm before shaping and that the
density of the wood is 690 kg/m3 , determine the weight of the waste
wood resulting from the production of 5000 tops.
SOLUTION
All dimensions are in mm
Have Vwaste Vblank Vtop
S 550 mm u 30 mm
2
Vblank 9.075S u 106 mm3
Vtop V1 V2 V3 V4
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus to parts 3 and 4
Vtop ªS 529 mm 2 u 18 mm º ªS 535 mm 2 u 12 mm º

«¬ »¼ «¬ »¼
° ª§ 4 u 12 · º S ½
2°
2S ® «¨ 535 ¸ mm » u 12 mm ¾
¯° ¬© 3S ¹ ¼ 4 ¿°
° ª§ 4 u 18 · º S 2½
°
2S ® «¨ 529 ¸ mm » u 18 mm ¾
¯° ¬© 3S ¹ ¼ 4 ¿°
S 5.0371 3.347 0.1222 0.2731 u 106 mm3
8.8671S u 106 mm3
? Vwaste 9.0750 8.8671S u 106 mm3

0.2079S u 103 m3
Finally Wwaste U wood Vwaste g N tops

690 kg/m3 u 0.2079S u 103 m3 u 9.81 m/s 2 u 5000 tops
or Wwaste 2.21 kN W
PROBLEM 5.58
The top of a round wooden table has the shape shown. Determine how
many liters of lacquer are required to finish 5000 tops knowing that each
top is given three coats of lacquer and that 1 liter of lacquer covers 12 m2.
SOLUTION
Referring to the figure in solution of Problem 5.57 and using the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
Asurface Atop circle Abottom circle Aedge
ªS 535 mm 2 º ªS 529 mm 2 º
«¬ »¼ «¬ »¼
° ª§ 2 u 12 · º S °½
®2S «¨ 535 ¸ mm » u 12 mm ¾
°¯ ¬© S ¹ ¼ 2 °¿
° ª§ 2 u 18 · º S °½
®2S «¨ 529 ¸ mm » u 18 mm ¾
°¯ ¬© S ¹ ¼ 2 ¿°
617.115S u 103 mm 2
Then # liters Asurface u Coverage u N tops u N coats

1 liter
617.115S u 103 m 2 u u 5000 u 3
12 m 2
or # liters 2424 L W
PROBLEM 5.59
The escutcheon (a decorative plate placed on a pipe where the pipe exits
from a wall) shown is cast from yellow brass. Knowing that the specific
3
weight of yellow brass is 0.306 lb/in . determine the weight of the
escutcheon.
SOLUTION
The weight of the escutcheon is given by W (specific weight)V
where V is the volume of the plate. V can be generated by rotating the area A about the x axis.
Have a 3.0755 in. 2.958 in. 0.1175 in.
0.5
and sin I I 0.16745 R 9.5941q
3
Then 2D 26D 9.5941D 16.4059D or D 8.20295D 0.143169 rad

The area A can be obtained by combining the following four areas, as indicated.
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and then using Figure 5.8A, we have
V 2S yA 2S6 yA
A, in 2 y , in. yA, in 3
1 1
1 3.07551.5 2.3066 1.5 0.5 1.1533
2 3
2 3 sin D
D 3 u sin D I 0.60921
2
2 1.28851 –0.78497
3D
1 1
3 2.958 0.5 0.7395 0.5 0.16667 –0.12325
2 3
1
4 0.1755 0.5 0.05875 0.5 0.25 –0.14688
2
6 yA 0.44296 in 3
Then V
2S 0.44296 in 3 1.4476 in 3
so that W
1.4476 in 3 0.306 lb/in 3 0.44296 lb W 0.443 lb W
PROBLEM 5.60
The reflector of a small flashlight has the parabolic shape shown.
Determine the surface area of the inside of the reflector.
SOLUTION
First note that the required surface area A can be generated by rotating
the parabolic cross section through 2S radians about the x axis. Applying
the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A 2S yL
k 7.5
2 2
Now, since x ky , at x a: a
or a 56.25 k (1)
At x a 15 mm: a 15 k 12.5
2
or a 15 156.25k (2)
Eq. (2) a 15 156.25k

Then : or a 8.4375 mm
Eq. (1) a 56.25k
1
Eq. (1) k 0.15
mm
dx
? x 0.15 y 2 and 0.3 y
dy
2
§ dx ·
Now dL 1 ¨ ¸ dy 1 0.09 y 2 dy
© dy ¹
So A 2S yL and yL ³ ydL
2S ³7.5 y 1 0.09 y 2 dy
12.5
? A
12.5
ª2 § 1 · 3/2 º
2S « ¨
¬ 3 © 0.18 ¹

¸ 1 0.09 y
2
»
¼ 7.5
1013 mm 2 or A 1013 mm 2 W
PROBLEM 5.61
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the magnitude and
location of the resultant of the distributed load, (b) the reactions at the
beam supports.
SOLUTION
Resultant R R1 R2
(a) Have R1 40 lb/ft 18 ft 720 lb
1
R2 120 lb/ft 18 ft 1080 lb
2
or R 1800 lb
The resultant is located at the centroid C of the distributed load x
1
Have 6M A: 1800 lb x 40 lb/ft 18 ft 9 ft 120 lb/ft 18 ft 12 ft
2
or x 10.80 ft
R 1800 lb W
x 10.80 ft
(b) 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6Fy 0: Ay 1800 lb 0, Ay 1800 lb ?A 1800 lb W
6M A 0: M A 1800 lb 10.8 ft 0
MA 19.444 lb ft or M A 19.44 kip ft W

PROBLEM 5.62
beam supports.
SOLUTION
(a) Have RI 300 N/m 6 m 1800 N

1
RII 6 m 900 N/m 1800 N
3
Then 6Fy : R RI RII
or R 1800 N 1800 N 3600 N
6M A : x 3600 N 3 m 1800 N 4.5 m 1800 N
or x 3.75 m
R 3600 N W
x 3.75 m
(b) Reactions
6Fx 0: Ax 0
6M A 0: 6 m By 3600 N 3.75 m 0
or By 2250 N B 2250 N W
6Fy 0: Ay 2250 N 3600 N
or Ay 1350 N A 1350 N W
PROBLEM 5.63
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
SOLUTION
Have RI 100 lb/ft 4 ft 400 lb

1
RII 200 lb/ft 6 ft 600 lb
2
RIII 200 lb/ft 4 ft 800 lb
Then 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6M A 0: 2 ft 400 lb 4 ft 600 lb 12 ft 800 lb 10 ft By 0

or By 800 lb B 800 lb W
6Fy 0: Ay 800 lb 400 lb 600 lb 800 0
or Ay 1000 lb A 1000 lb W
PROBLEM 5.64
SOLUTION
Have RI 9 ft 200 lb/ft 1800 lb

1
RII 3 ft 200 lb/ft 300 lb
2
Then 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6M A 0: 4.5 ft 1800 lb 10 ft 300 lb 9 ft By 0
or By 1233.3 lb B 1233 lb W
6Fy 0: Ay 1800 lb 300 lb 1233.3 lb 0
or Ay 866.7 lb A 867 lb W
PROBLEM 5.65
SOLUTION
1
Have RI 200 N/m 0.12 m 12 N
2
RII 200 N/m 0.2 m 40 N
Then 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6Fy 0: Ay 18 N 12 N 40 N 0
or Ay 34 N A 34.0 N W
6M A 0: M A 0.8 m 12 N 0.22 m 40 N 0.38 m 18 N
or MA 2.92 N m MA 2.92 N m W
PROBLEM 5.66
SOLUTION
First, replace the given loading with the loading shown below. The two loadings are equivalent because both
are defined by a linear relation between load and distance, and the values at the end points are the same.
Have RI 1.8 m 2000 N/m 3600 N
1
RII 1.8 m 4500 N/m 4050 N
2
Then 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6M B 0: 3 m Ay 2.1 m 3600 N 2.4 m 4050 N
or Ay 270 N A 270 N W
6Fy 0: 270 N 3600 N 4050 N By 0
or By 720 N B 720 N W
PROBLEM 5.67
SOLUTION
1
Have RI 4 m 2000 kN/m 2667 N
3
1
RII 2 m 1000 kN/m 666.7 N
3
Then 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6Fy 0: Ay 2667 N 666.7 N 0
or Ay 3334 N A 3.33 kN W
6M A 0: M A 1 m 2667 N 5.5 m 666.7 N
or MA 6334 N m MA 6.33 kN m W
PROBLEM 5.68
SOLUTION
First, replace the given loading with the loading shown below. The two loadings are equivalent because both
are defined by a parabolic relation between load and distance, and the values at end points are the same.
2
3
Then 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6M A 0: 11B 5 ft 800 lb 4 ft 3200 lb 0
or B 800 lb W
6Fy 0: Ay 3200 lb 800 lb 800 lb 0
or A 1600 lb W
PROBLEM 5.69
Determine (a) the distance a so that the vertical reactions at supports A
and B are equal, (b) the corresponding reactions at the supports.
SOLUTION
1
(a) Have RI a ft 120 lb/ft 60a lb
2
1
RII 12 a 40 lb/ft 240 20a lb
2
Then 6Fy 0: Ay 60a 240 2a By 0
or Ay By 240 40a
Now Ay By Ay By 120 20a (1)
ª§ a · º ª§ 1 ·º
Also 6M B 0: 12 m Ay ¬ª 60a lb ¼º «¨12 ¸ ft » «¨ 12 a ft ¸ » ¬ª 240 20a lb ¼º 0
¬© 3 ¹ ¼ ¬© 3 ¹¼
140 10 2
or Ay 80 a a (2)
3 9
Equating Eqs. (1) and (2)
140 10
120 20a 80 a a2
3 9
40 2
or a 320a 480 0
3
Then a 1.6077 ft, a 22.392
Now a d 12 ft a 1.608 ft W
(b) Have 6Fx 0: Ax 0
Eq. (1) Ay By 120 20 1.61 152.2 lb
A B 152.2 lb W
PROBLEM 5.70
Determine (a) the distance a so that the vertical reaction at support B is
minimum, (b) the corresponding reactions at the supports.
SOLUTION
1
(a) Have RI a ft 120 lb/ft 60a lb
2
1
RII ª12 a ft º¼ 40 lb/ft 240 20a lb
2¬
§a · ª§ a· º
Then 6M A 0: ¨ ft ¸ 60a lb ¬ª 240 20a lb ¼º «¨ 8 ¸ ft » 12 ft By 0
©3 ¹ ¬© 3¹ ¼
10 2 20
or By a a 160 (1)
9 3
dBy 20 20
Then a 0 or a 3.00 ft W
da 9 3
10 20
(b) Eq. (1) By 3.00 2 3.00 160
9 3
150 lb B 150.0 lb W
and 6Fx 0: Ax 0
6Fy 0: Ay ª¬60 3.00 º¼ lb ª¬ 240 20 3.00 º¼ lb 150 lb 0
or Ay 210 lb A 210 lb W
PROBLEM 5.71
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading when
w0 1.5 kN/m.
SOLUTION
1
Have RI 9 m 2 kN/m 9 kN
2
RII 9 m 1.5 kN/m 13.5 kN
Then 6Fx 0: Cx 0
6M B 0: 50 kN m 1 m 9 kN 2.5 m 13.5 kN 6 m C y 0
or Cy 15.4583 kN C 15.46 kN W
6Fy 0: By 9 kN 13.5 kN 15.4583 0
or By 7.0417 kN B 7.04 kN W
PROBLEM 5.72
Determine (a) the distributed load w0 at the end D of the beam ABCD
for which the reaction at B is zero, (b) the corresponding reactions at C.
SOLUTION
1
Have RI 9 m ª¬ 3.5 w0 kN/m º¼ 4.5 3.5 w0 kN
2
RII 9 m w0 kN/m 9w0 kN
(a) Then 6M C 0: 50 kN m 5 m ª¬ 4.5 3.5 w0 kN º¼ 3.5 m 9w0 kN 0
or 9w0 28.75 0
so w0 3.1944 kN/m w0 3.19 kN/m W

Note: the negative sign means that the distributed force w0 is upward.
(b) 6Fx 0: Cx 0
6Fy 0: 4.5 3.5 3.19 kN 9 3.19 kN C y 0
or Cy 1.375 kN C 1.375 kN W
PROBLEM 5.73
A grade beam AB supports three concentrated loads and rests on soil and
the top of a large rock. The soil exerts an upward distributed load, and
the rock exerts a concentrated load RR as shown. Knowing that P = 4 kN
and wB 12 wA , determine the values of wA and RR corresponding to
equilibrium.
SOLUTION
Have RI 1.2 m wA kN/m 1.2 wA kN
1.8 m §¨ wA kN/m ·¸
1 1
RII 0.45 wA kN
2 ©2 ¹
1.8 m §¨ ·
1
RIII wA kN/m ¸ 0.9 wA kN
©2 ¹
Then 6M C 0: 0.6 m ª¬1.2 wA kN º¼ 0.6 m ª¬ 0.45 wA kN/m º¼
0.9 m ª¬ 0.9 wA kN/m º¼ 1.2 m 4 kN/m
0.8 m 18 kN/m 0.7 m 24 kN/m 0
or wA 6.667 kN/m wA 6.67 kN/m W
and 6Fy 0: RR 1.2 m 6.67 kN/m 0.45 m 6.67 kN/m

0.9 m 6.67 kN/m 24 kN 18 kN 4 kN
or RR 29.0 kN RR 29.0 kN W
PROBLEM 5.74
A grade beam AB supports three concentrated loads and rests on soil and
the top of a large rock. The soil exerts an upward distributed load, and
the rock exerts a concentrated load RR as shown. Knowing that wB =
0.4wA, determine (a) the largest value of P for which the beam is in
equilibrium, (b) the corresponding value of wA.
In the following problems, use J = 62.4 lb/ft3 for the specific weight of
fresh water and Jc = 150 lb/ft3 for the specific weight of concrete if U.S.
customary units are used. With SI units, use U = 103 kg/m3 for the
density of fresh water and Uc = 2.40 u 103 kg/m3 for the density of
concrete. (See the footnote on page 222 for how to determine the specific
weight of a material given its density.)
j
SOLUTION
Have RI 1.2 m wA kN/m 1.2 wA kN
1
RII 1.8 m 0.6 wA kN/m 0.54 wA kN
2
RIII 1.8 m 0.4 wA kN/m 0.72 wA kN
(a) Then 6M A 0: 0.6 m ª¬1.2 wA kN º¼ 1.2 m RR 1.8 m ª¬ 0.54 wA kN º¼

2.1 m ª¬ 0.72 wA kN º¼ 0.5 m 24 kN
2.0 m 18 kN 2.4 m P 0
or 3.204 wA 1.2 RR 2.4 P 48 (1)
and 6Fy 0: RR 1.2 WA 0.54 WA 0.72 WA 24 18 P 0
or RR 2.46 WA P 42 (2)
Now combine Eqs. (1) and (2) to eliminate wA :
3.204 Eq. 2 2.46 Eq. 1 0.252 RR 16.488 2.7 P
Since RR must be t 0, the maximum acceptable value of P is that for which R 0,

or P 6.1067 kN P 6.11 kN W
(b) Then, from Eq. (2): 2.46 WA 6.1067 42 or WA 19.56 kN/m W

PROBLEM 5.75
The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a dam section of

unit width, determine (a) the reaction forces exerted by the ground on the
base AB of the dam, (b) the point of application of the resultant of the
reaction forces of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure forces exerted
by the water on the face BC of the dam.
In the following problems, use J = 62.4 lb/ft3 for the specific weight of
fresh water and Jc = 150 lb/ft3 for the specific weight of concrete if U.S.
customary units are used. With SI units, use U = 103 kg/m3 for the
density of fresh water and Uc = 2.40 u 103 kg/m3 for the density of
concrete. (See the footnote on page 222 for how to determine the specific
weight of a material given its density.)
SOLUTION
The free body shown consists of a 1-m thick section of the dam and the
triangular section BCD of the water behind the dam.
Note: X1 6m
X2 9 3 m 12 m
X3 15 2 m 17 m
X4 15 4 m 19 m
(a) Now W U gV so that
W1 2400 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª«¬ 12 9 m 15 m 1 m º»¼

3 2
1589 kN
W2 2400 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª¬ 6 m 18 m 1 m º¼

3 2
2543 kN
W3 2400 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª«¬ 12 6 m 18 m 1 m º»¼

3 2
1271 kN
W4 2400 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª«¬ 12 6 m 18 m 1 m º»¼

3 2
529.7 kN
Also P
1
2
Ap
1
2¬ ¬
ª18 m 1 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 18 m º
¼
1589 kN
Then 6Fx 0: H 1589 kN 0
or H 1589 kN H 1589 kN W
6Fy 0: V 1589 kN 2543 kN 1271 kN 529.7 kN
or V 5933 kN V 5.93 MN W
(b) Have 6M A 0: X 5933 kN 6 m 1589 kN

6 m 1589 kN 12 m 2543 kN
17 m 1271 kN 19 m 529.7 0
or X 10.48 m X 10.48 m W
to the right of A
(c) Consider water section BCD as the free body.
Have 6F 0
Then R 1675 kN 18.43q
or R 1675 kN 18.43q W
Alternative solution to part (c)

Consider the face BC of the dam.
Have BC 62 182 18.9737 m
6
tan T T 18.43q
18
and p Ugh 1000 kg/m 9.81 m/s 18 m

3 2
176.6 kN/m 2
Then R
1
2
Ap
1
2¬

ª18.97 m 1 m º¼ 176.6 kN/m 2
1675 kN
? R 1675 kN 18.43q
PROBLEM 5.76
The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a dam section of
unit width, determine (a) the reaction forces exerted by the ground on the
base AB of the dam, (b) the point of application of the resultant of the
reaction forces of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure forces exerted
by the water on the face BC of the dam.
SOLUTION
The free body shown consists of a 1-ft thick section of the dam and the parabolic section of water above (and
behind) the dam.
5
Note x1 16 ft 10 ft
8
ª 1 º
x2 «16 2 6 » ft 19 ft
¬ ¼
ª 1 º
x3 « 22 4 12 » ft 25 ft
¬ ¼
ª 5 º
x4 « 22 8 12 » ft 29.5 ft
¬ ¼
Now W JV
W1 150 lb/ft ª«¬ 23 16 ft 24 ft u 1 ft º»¼

3
38, 400 lb
W2 150 lb/ft ª¬ 6 ft 24 ft u 1 ft º¼
3
21, 600 lb
W3 150 lb/ft ª«¬ 13 12 ft 18 ft u 1 ft º»¼

3
10,800 lb
W4 62.4 lb/ft ª«¬ 23 12 ft 18 ft u 1 ft º»¼

3
8985.6 lb
Also P
1
2
Ap
1ª
2¬

18 u 1 ft 2 º¼ u 62.4 lb/ft 3 u 18 ft 10,108.8 lb
(a) Then 6Fx 0: H 10,108.8 lb 0
or H 10.11 kips W
6Fy 0: V 38, 400 lb 21, 600 lb 10,800 lb 8995.6 lb 0
or V 79,785.6 V 79.8 kips W
(b) 6M A 0: X 79, 785.6 lb 6 ft 38, 400 lb 19 ft 21,600 lb 25 ft 10,800 lb

29.5 ft 8985.6 lb 6 ft 10,108.8 lb 0
or X 15.90 ft
The point of application of the resultant is 15.90 ft to the right of A W
(c) Consider the water section BCD as the free body.
Have 6F 0
? R 13.53 kips
T 41.6q
On the face BD of the dam
R 13.53 kips 41.6q W
PROBLEM 5.77
The 9 u 12-ft side AB of a tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in
place by a thin rod BC. The maximum tensile force the rod can withstand
without breaking is 40 kips, and the design specifications require the
force in the rod not exceed 20 percent of this value. If the tank is slowly
filled with water, determine the maximum allowable depth of water d in
the tank.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.

1 1
Have P Ap A J d
2 2
d
Now 6M A 0: 9 ft T P 0
3
Then, for d max:
9 ft ¬ª 0.2 40 u 103 lb ¼º
d max 1 ½
® ¬ª12 ft d max ¼º 62.4 lb/ft d max ¾
3
0
3 ¯2 ¿
or 216 u 103 ft 3 3
374.4 d max
or 3
d max 576.92 ft 3 d max 8.32 ft W
PROBLEM 5.78
The 9 u 12-ft side of an open tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held
in place by a thin rod. The tank is filled with glycerine, whose specific
weight is 80 lb/ft 3. Determine the force T in the rod and the reactions at
the hinge after the tank is filled to a depth of 8 ft.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.

1 1
Have P Ap A J d
2 2
1
2¬

ª 8 ft 12 ft º¼ 80 lb/ft 3 8 ft 30, 720 lb
Then 6Fy 0: Ay 0
§8 ·
6M A 0: 9 ft T ¨ ft ¸ 30, 720 lb 0
©3 ¹
or T 9102.22 lb
T 9.10 kips W
6Fx 0: Ax 30,720 lb 9102.22 lb 0
or A 21, 618 lb
A 21.6 kips W
PROBLEM 5.79
The friction force between a 2 u 2-m square sluice gate AB and its
guides is equal to 10 percent of the resultant of the pressure forces
exerted by the water on the face of the gate. Determine the initial force
needed to lift the gate that its mass is 500 kg.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the gate.
Now PI
1
2
ApI
1ª
2¬

2 u 2 m2 º¼ ª¬ 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 3 m º¼
58.86 kN
PII
1
2
ApII
1ª
2¬

2 u 2 m2 º¼ ª¬ 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 5 m º¼
98.10 kN
Then F 0.1P 0.1 PI PII
0.1 58.86 98.10 kN
15.696 kN
Finally 6Fy
0: T 15.696 kN 500 kg 9.81 m/s2 0
or T 20.6 kN W
PROBLEM 5.80
The dam for a lake is designed to withstand the additional force caused
by silt which has settled on the lake bottom. Assuming that silt is
equivalent to a liquid of density U s 1.76 u 103 kg/m3 and considering
a 1-m-wide section of dam, determine the percentage increase in the
force acting on the dam face for a silt accumulation of depth 1.5 m.
SOLUTION
First, determine the force on the dam face without the silt.
1 1
Have Pw Apw A U gh
2 2
1
2

ª¬ 6 m 1 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 6 m º
¬ ¼
176.58 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt.
Have Pwc
1
2¬ ¬
ª 4.5 m 1m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 4.5 m º
¼
99.326 kN
Ps I
ª¬1.5 m 1 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 4.5 m º
¬ ¼
66.218 kN
Ps II
1
2¬

ª1.5 m 1 m º¼ ª 1.76 u 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 1.5 m º
¬ ¼
19.424 kN
Then Pc Pwc Ps I Ps II 184.97 kN
The percentage increase, % inc., is then given by
% inc.
Pc Pw
u 100%
184.97 176.58 u 100% 4.7503%
Pw 176.58
% inc. 4.75% W
PROBLEM 5.81
The base of a dam for a lake is designed to resist up to 150 percent of the
horizontal force of the water. After construction, it is found that silt
(which is equivalent to a liquid of density U s 1.76 u 103 kg/m3 ) is
settling on the lake bottom at a rate of 20 mm/y. Considering a 1-m-wide
section of dam, determine the number of years until the dam becomes
unsafe.
SOLUTION
From Problem 5.80, the force on the dam face before the silt is deposited, is Pw 176.58 kN. The maximum
allowable force Pallow on the dam is then:
Pallow 1.5Pw 1.5 176.58 kN 264.87 kN
Next determine the force Pc on the dam face after a depth d of silt has settled.
Have Pwc
1
2¬ ¬
ª 6 d m u 1 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 6 d m º
¼
4.905 6 d kN
2
Ps I
ª¬ d 1 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 6 d m º
¬ ¼

9.81 6d d 2 kN
Ps II
1
2¬

ª d 1 m º¼ ª 1.76 u 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 d m º
¬ ¼
8.6328d 2 kN
Pc Pwc Ps I Ps II
ª 4.905 36 12d d 2 9.81 6d d 2 8.6328d 2 º kN
¬ ¼
ª3.7278d 2 176.58º kN
¬ ¼
Now required that Pc Pallow to determine the maximum value of d.
? 3.7278d 2

176.58 kN 264.87 kN
or d 4.8667 m
m
Finally 4.8667 m 20 u 103 uN
year
or N 243 years W
PROBLEM 5.82
The square gate AB is held in the position shown by hinges along its top
edge A and by a shear pin at B. For a depth of water d 3.5 m,
determine the force exerted on the gate by the shear pin.
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate.

1 1
Have P Ap A U gh
2 2
Then PI
1
2

18 m 2 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 1.7 m
26.99 kN
PII
1
2

18 m 2 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 1.7 u 1.8cos 30q m
51.74 kN
1 2
Now 6M A 0: LAB PI LAB PII LAB FB 0
3 3
1 2
or 26.99 kN 51.74 kN FB 0
3 3
or FB 43.49 kN
FB 4.35 kN 30.0q W
PROBLEMS 5.83 AND 5.84
Problem 5.83: A temporary dam is constructed in a 5-ft-wide fresh
water channel by nailing two boards to pilings located at the sides of the
channel and propping a third board AB against the pilings and the floor of
the channel. Neglecting friction, determine the reactions at A and B when
rope BC is slack.
Problem 5.84: A temporary dam is constructed in a 5-ft-wide fresh
water channel by nailing two boards to pilings located at the sides of the
channel and propping a third board AB against the pilings and the floor of
the channel. Neglecting friction, determine the magnitude and direction
of the minimum tension required in rope BC to move board AB.
SOLUTION
First, consider the force of the water on the gate.
1 1
Have P Ap A J h
2 2
So that PI
1
2¬ ¬
ª1.5 ft 5 ft º¼ ª 62.4 lb/ft 3 1.8 ft º
¼
421.2 lb
PII
1
2¬ ¬
ª1.5 ft 5 ft º¼ ª 62.4 lb/ft 3 3 ft º
¼
702 lb
5.83 Find the reactions at A and B when rope is slack.
6M A 0: 0.9 ft B 0.5 ft 421.2 lb 1.0 ft 702 lb 0
or B 1014 lb
B 1014 lb W
4 4
6Fx 0: 2 Ax 421.2 lb 702 lb 0
5 5
or Ax 449.28 lb
Note that the factor 2 (2 Ax ) is included since Ax is the horizontal force
exerted by the board on each piling.
3 3
6Fy 0: 1014 lb 421.2 lb 702 lb Ay 0
5 5
or Ay 340.08 lb
? A 563 lb 37.1q W
PROBLEMS 5.83 AND 5.84 CONTINUED
5.84 Note that there are two ways to move the board:
1. Pull upward on the rope fastened at B so that the board
rotates about A. For this case B o 0 and TBC is
perpendicular to AB for minimum tension.
2. Pull horizontally at B so that the edge B of the board moves
to the left. For this case Ay o 0 and the board remains
against the pilings because of the force of the water.
Case (1) 6M A 0: 1.5TBC 0.5 ft 421.2 lb
1.0 ft 702 lb 0
or TBC 608.4 lb
Case (2) 6M B 0: 1.2 ft 2 Ax 0.5 ft 702 lb
1.0 ft 421.2 lb 0
or 2 Ax 643.5 lb
4
6Fx 0: TBC 643.5 lb 421.2 lb
5
4
702 lb 0
5
or TBC 255.06 lb
? TBC min 255 lb W

Problem 5.85: A 2 u 3-m gate is hinged at A and is held in position by
rod CD. End D rests against a spring whose constant is 12 kN/m. The
spring is undeformed when the gate is vertical. Assuming that the force
exerted by rod CD on the gate remains horizontal, determine the
minimum depth of water d for which the bottom B of the gate will move
to the end of the cylindrical portion of the floor.
Problem 5.86: Solve Problem 5.85 if the mass of the gate is 500 kg.
SOLUTION
First, determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the
water when B is at the end of the cylindrical portion of the floor.
1
Have sin T ? T 30q
2
Then xsp 1.5 m tan 30q
and Fsp kxsp
12 kN/m 1.5 m tan 30q

10.39 kN
Assume d t 2m
1 1
Have P Ap A U g h
2 2
Then PI
1
2¬ ¬
ª 2 m 3 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 d 2 m º
¼
29.43 d 2 kN
PII
1
2¬

ª 2 m 3 m º¼ ª 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 d 2 2cos 30q m º
¬ ¼
29.43 d 0.2679 kN
5.85 Find d min so that gate opens, W 0.

Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
§2 ·
6M A 0: ¨ m ¸ ª¬ 29.43 d 2 kN º¼
©3 ¹
§4 ·
¨ m ¸ ª¬ 29.43 d 0.2679 kN º¼
©3 ¹
1.5 m 10.39 kN 0
or 19.62 d 2 39.24 d 0.2679 15.585
58.86d 65.3374
or d 1.1105 m d 1.110 m W
5.86 Find d min so that the gate opens.
W 9.81 m/s 500 kg

2
4.905 kN
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have

§2 ·
6M A 0: ¨ m ¸ ª¬ 29.43 d 2 kN º¼
©3 ¹
§4 ·
¨ m ¸ ª¬ 29.43 d 0.2679 kN º¼
©3 ¹
1.5 m 10.39 kN
0.5 m 4.905 kN 0
or 19.62 d 2 39.24 d 0.2679 18.0375
or d 1.15171 m d 1.152 m W
Problem 5.87: The gate at the end of a 3-ft-wide fresh water channel is
fabricated from three 240-lb, rectangular steel plates. The gate is hinged
at A and rests against a frictionless support at D. Knowing that d = 2.5 ft,
determine the reactions at A and D.
Problem 5.88: The gate at the end of a 3-ft-wide fresh water channel is
fabricated from three 240-lb, rectangular steel plates. The gate is hinged
at A and rests against a frictionless support at D. Determine the depth of
water d for which the gate will open.
SOLUTION
5.87 Note that in addition to the weights of the gate segments, the water exerts pressure on all submerged
surfaces p J h .
Thus, at h 0.5 ft, p0.5 62.4 lb/ft 0.5 ft

3
31.2 lb/ft 2
h 2.5 ft, p2.5 6.24 lb/ft 2.5 ft

3
156.0 lb/ft 2
Then P1
1
2¬

ª 0.5 ft 3 ft º¼ 31.2 lb/ft 2 23.4 lb
P2
ª¬ 2 ft 3 ft º¼ 31.2 lb/ft 2 187.2 lb
P3
1
2¬

ª 2 ft 3 ft º¼ 31.2 lb/ft 2 93.6 lb
P4
1
2¬

ª 2 ft 3 ft º¼ 156 lb/ft 2 468 lb
ª§ 1 · º
and 6M A 0: 4D 2 ft 240 lb 1 ft 240 lb «¨ 2 u 0.5 ¸ ft 23.4 lb » 1 ft 187.2 lb
¬© 3 ¹ ¼
2 1
2 ft 93.6 lb 2 ft 468 lb 0
3 3
or D 11.325 lb ? D 11.33 lb W
6Fx 0: Ax 11.32 23.4 93.6 468 0
or Ax 596.32 lb
6Fy 0: Ay 240 240 240 187.2 0
or Ay 532.8 lb ? A 800 lb 41.8q W
5.88 At h d 2 ft, pd 2 J d 2 lb/ft 2 where J 62.4 lb/ft 3
h d ft, pd J d lb/ft 2
1 1 3
ª¬ d 2 ft u 3 ft º¼ ªJ lb/ft 3 d 2 ft º J d 2 lb
2
Then P1 A1 pd 2 ¬ ¼
2 2 2
(Note: For simplicity, the numerical value of the density J will be substituted into the equilibrium equations
below, rather than at this level of the calculations.)
P2 A2 pd 2 ª¬ 2 ft 3 ft º¼ J ª¬ d 2 ft º¼ 6J d 2 lb
1 1
P3 A3 pd 2 ª 2 ft 3 ft º¼ J ª¬ d 2 ft º¼ 3J d 2 lb
2 2¬
1 1
P4 A4 pd ª 2 ft 3 ft º¼ J d ft 3J d lb ª¬3J d 2 6J º¼ lb
2 2¬
As the gate begins to open, D o 0
2 ft 240 lb 1 ft 240 lb ª«2 ft d 2 ft º» ª« 2 º

1 3
? 6M A 0: J d 2 lb »
¬ 3 ¼¬2 ¼
ª2 º
1 ft ª¬6J d 2 lb º¼ « 2 ft » ª¬3J d 2 lb º¼
¬3 ¼
ª1 º
« 2 ft » ª¬3J d 2 lb 6J lb º¼ 0
¬3 ¼
1 720
or d 2 3 3 d 2 2 12 d 2 4
2 J
720
4
62.4
7.53846
Solving numerically yields d 2.55 ft W
PROBLEM 5.89
A rain gutter is supported from the roof of a house by hangers that are
spaced 0.6 m apart. After leaves clog the gutter’s drain, the gutter slowly
fills with rainwater. When the gutter is completely filled with water,
determine (a) the resultant of the pressure force exerted by the water on
the 0.6-m section of the curved surface of the gutter, (b) the force-couple
system exerted on a hanger where it is attached to the gutter.
SOLUTION
(a) Consider a 0.6 m long parabolic section of water.
1 1
Then P Ap A U gh
2 2
1
2

0.08 m 0.6 m ª¬ 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s2 0.08 m º¼
18.84 N
Ww U gV
10 3
ª2
¬3
º
kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 « 0.12 m 0.08 m 0.6 m »
¼
37.67 N
Now 6F 0: R P Ww 0
Ww
So that R P 2 Ww2 , tan T
P
42.12 N, T 63.4q R 42.1 N 63.4q W
(b) Consider the free-body diagram of a 0.6 m long section of water and
gutter.
Then 6Fx 0: Bx 0
6Fy 0: By 37.67 N 0
or By 37.67 N
6M B 0: M B ª¬ 0.06 0.048 m º¼ 37.67 N 0
or MB 0.4520 N m
The force-couple system exerted on the hanger is then
37.7 N , 0.452 N m W
PROBLEM 5.90
The composite body shown is formed by removing a hemisphere of
radius r from a cylinder of radius R and height 2R. Determine (a) the
y coordinate of the centroid when r 3R/4, (b) the ratio r/R for which
y 1.2 R.
SOLUTION
Note, for the axes shown
V y yV
1 S R 2 R
2
2S R3 R 2S R 4
2 3 1 4
2 S r3 r Sr
3 8 4
§ r3 · § r4 ·
6 2S ¨¨ R3 ¸¸ 2S ¨¨ R 4 ¸¸
© 3¹ © 8 ¹
1 4
R4
r
6 yV 8
Then Y
6V 1
R3 r 3
3
4
1§ r ·
1 ¨ ¸
8© R ¹
3
1§ r ·
1 ¨ ¸
3© R ¹
4
1§ 3·
1 ¨ ¸
3 3© 4¹
(a ) r R: y 3
R
4 1§ 3·
1 ¨ ¸
3© 4¹
or y 1.118R W
4
1§ r ·
1 ¨ ¸
8© R ¹
(b) y 1.2 R : 1.2 R 3
R
1§ r ·
1 ¨ ¸
3© R ¹
4 3
§r· §r·
or ¨ ¸ 3.2 ¨ ¸ 1.6 0
©R¹ ©R¹
r
Solving numerically 0.884 W
R
PROBLEM 5.91
Determine the y coordinate of the centroid of the body shown.
SOLUTION
First note that the values of Y will be the same for the given body and the body shown below. Then
V y yV
1 2 1 1
Cone Sa h h S a 2h 2
3 4 12
2
§a· 1 1
b
1 2 2
Sa b
Cylinder S ¨ ¸ b S a 2b
©2¹ 4 2 8
S S
6
12
a 2 4h 3b
24

a 2 2h 2 3b 2
Have Y 6V 6yV
ªS S
Then
¬ 12
º
Y « a 2 4h 3b »
¼

24

a 2 2h 2 3b 2
2h 2 3b 2
or Y W
2 4h 3b
PROBLEM 5.92
Determine the z coordinate of the centroid of the body shown. (Hint:
Use the result of Sample Problem 5.13.)
SOLUTION
First note that the body can be formed by removing a “half-cylinder” from a “half-cone,” as shown.
V z zV
1 2 a 1 3
Half-Cone Sa h * ah
6 S 6
§a·
2
S §a· S
4

2a 1 3
Half-Cylinder ¨ ¸ b a 2b ¨ ¸ ab
2©2¹ 8 3S ©2¹ 3S 12
S 1 3
6 a 2 4h 3b a 2h b
24 12
From Sample Problem 5.13

Have Z 6V 6zV
ªS º 1 3
Then Z « a 2 4h 3b » a 2h b
¬ 24 ¼ 12
2a 2h b
or Z W
S 4h 3b
PROBLEM 5.93
Consider the composite body shown. Determine (a) the value of x when
h L/2 , (b) the ratio h/L for which x L .
SOLUTION
V x xV
1 1 2
Rectangular prism Lab L L ab
2 2
1 §b· 1 1 § 1 ·
Pyramid a¨ ¸h L h abh ¨ L h ¸
3 ©2¹ 4 6 © 4 ¹
§ 1 · 1 ª 2 § 1 ·º
6V ab ¨ L h ¸ 6xV ab 3L h ¨ L h ¸ »
6 «¬
Then
© 6 ¹ © 4 ¹¼
Now X 6V 6xV so that
ª § 1 ·º 1 § 2 1 ·
X « ab ¨ L h ¸ » ab ¨ 3L hL h 2 ¸
¬ © 6 ¹¼ 6 © 4 ¹
§ 1 h· 1 § h 1 h2 ·
or X ¨1 ¸ L ¨¨ 3 ¸ (1)
© 6 L¹ 6 © L 4 L2 ¸¹
1
(a ) X ? when h L
2
h 1
Substituting into Eq. (1)
L 2
1 ª §1· 1§1· º
2
ª 1 § 1 ·º
X «1 ¨ ¸ » L «3 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ »
¬ 6 © 2 ¹¼ 6 ¬« © 2 ¹ 4 © 2 ¹ ¼»
57
or X L X 0.548L W
104
h
(b) ? when X L
L
§ 1 h· 1 § h 1 h2 ·
Substituting into Eq. (1) L ¨1 ¸ L ¨¨ 3 ¸
© 6 L¹ 6 © L 4 L2 ¸¹
1h 1 1h 1 h2
or 1
6L 2 6 L 24 L2
h2 h
or 12 ? 2 3W
L2 L
Problem 5.94: For the machine element shown, determine the
x coordinate of the center of gravity.
Problem 5.95: For the machine element shown, determine the
y coordinate of the center of gravity.
SOLUTIONS
First, assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
V , in 3 x , in. y , in. xV , in 4 yV , in 4
I (4)(3.6)(0.75) 10.8 2.0 0.375 21.6 4.05
II (2.4)(2.0)(0.6) 2.88 3.7 1.95 10.656 5.616
III S(0.45)2 (0.4) 0.2545 4.2 2.15 1.0688 0.54711
IV S(0.5) (0.75)
2
0.5890 1.2 0.375 0.7068 0.22089
6 13.3454 32.618 9.9922
5.94
Have X 6V 6 xV

X 13.3454 in 3 32.618 in 4 or X 2.44 in. W
5.95
Have Y 6V 6 yV

Y 13.3454 in 3 9.9922 in 4 or Y 0.749 in. W
Problem 5.96: For the machine element shown, locate the x coordinate
of the center of gravity.
Problem 5.97: For the machine element shown, locate the y coordinate
of the center of gravity.
SOLUTIONS
First, assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
V , mm3 x , mm y , mm xV , mm 4 yV , mm 4
1 160 54 18 155 520 80 9 12 441 600 1 399 680
1
2 120 42 54 136 080 40 32 5 443 200 4 354 560
2
S 36
3 (27) 2 (18) 6561S 160 9 3 534 114 185 508
2 S
4 S(16)2 (18) 4608S 160 9 2 316 233 130 288
6 297 736 19 102 681 5 809 460
5.96
Have X 6V 6 xV

X 297 736 mm3 19 102 681 mm 4 or X 64.2 mm W
5.97
Have Y 6V 6 yV

Y 297 736 mm3 5 809 460 mm 4 or Y 19.51 mm W
Problem 5.98: For the stop bracket shown, locate the x coordinate of the
center of gravity.
Problem 5.99: For the stop bracket shown, locate the z coordinate of the
center of gravity.
SOLUTIONS
First, assume that the bracket is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding volume.
90 86 mm
1
Have.. Z II 24 mm 112 mm
2
102 mm
1
Z III 24 mm 58 mm
3
20 mm
1
X III 68 mm 78 mm
2
90 mm
2
Z IV 110 mm 170 mm
3
132 mm
2
X IV 60 mm 156 mm
3
V , mm3 x , mm z , mm xV , mm 4 zV , mm 4
I 200 176 24 844 800 100 12 84 480 000 1 013 760
II 200 24 176 844 800 100 112 84 480 000 94 617 600
1
III 20 124 102 126 480 78 58 9 865 440 733 840
2
1
IV 90 132 24 142 560 156 170 22 239 360 24 235 200
2
6 1 673 520 156 586 080 8 785 584
5.98
Have X 6V 6xV

X 1 673 520 mm3 156 586 080 mm 4 or X 93.6 mm W
5.99
Have Z 6V 6zV

Z 1 673 520 mm3 8 785 584 mm 4 or Z 52.5 mm W
PROBLEM 5.100
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form shown.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity coincides with the centroid of
the corresponding area.
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm z , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3 zA, mm3

1
1
90 60 30
120 20
0 81 000 378 000 0
2
140
2700
90 200
2 45 60 80 810 000 1 080 000 1 440 000
18 000
45 100
3 22.5 30 120 101 250 135 000 540 000
4500
S
452 160
4 45
4 2 45 0 3S 143 139 0 569 688
1012.5S 179.1
6 19 380.9 932 889 1 323 000 1 469 688
Have X 6A 6xA:

X 19 380.9 mm 2 932 889 mm3
or 48.1 mm X 48.1 mm W
Y 6A 6 yA

Y 19 380.9 mm 2 1 323 000 mm3
or Y 68.3 mm Y 68.3 mm W
Z 6A 6 zA

Z 19 380.9 mm 2 1 469 688 mm3
or Z 75.8 mm Z 75.8 mm W
PROBLEM 5.101
A mounting bracket for electronic components is formed from sheet
metal of uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the bracket.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the bracket coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area. Then (see diagram)
4 6.25
zV 22.5
3S
19.85 mm
S
AV 6.252
2
61.36 mm 2
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm z , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3 zA, mm3

I 25 60 1500 12.5 0 30 18 750 0 45 000
II 12.5 60 750 25 6.25 30 18 750 4687.5 22 500
III 7.5 60 450 28.75 12.5 30 12 937.5 5625 13 500
IV 12.5 30 375 10 0 37.5 3750 0 14 062.5
V 61.36 10 0 19.85 613.6 0 1218.0
6 2263.64 46 074 10 313 65 720
Have X 6A 6xA

X 2263.64 mm 2 46 074 mm3 or X 20.4 mm W
Y 6A 6 yA

Y 2263.64 mm 2 10 313 mm3 or Y 4.55 mm W
Z 6A 6 zA

Z 2263.64 mm 2 65 720 mm3 or Z 29.0 mm W
PROBLEM 5.102
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding area.
4
yI 6 7.333 in.
3
6
1
zI 2 in.
3
2 6
1
xII yII 3.8197 in.
S
41.5
1
xIV 11 10.363 in.
3S
A, in 2 x , in. y , in. z , in. x A, in 3 y A, in 3 z A, in 3

I 12 0 7.333 2 0 88 24
II 56.55 3.8197 3.8197 3 216 216 169.65
III 30 8.5 0 3 255 0 90
IV 3.534 10.363 0 3 36.62 0 10.603
6 95.01 434.4 304 273.0
Have X 6A 6 xA

X 95.01 in 2 434 in 3 or X 4.57 in. W
Y 6A 6 yA

Y 95.01 in 2 304.0 in 3 or Y 3.20 in. W
Z 6A 6z A

Z 95.01 in 2 273.0 in 3 or Z 2.87 in. W
PROBLEM 5.103
An enclosure for an electronic device is formed from sheet metal of
uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the enclosure.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form coincides with the
Consider the division of the back, sides, and top into eight segments according to the sketch.
Note that symmetry implies Z 6.00 in. W
and
A8 A2
A7 A3
A6 A5
Thus
1 12 9 108 0 4.5 0 486
2 11.3 9 101.7 5.6 4.5 569.5 457.6
1
3 11.3 2.4 13.56 7.467 9.8 101.25 132.89
2
4 12 11.454 137.45 5.6 10.2 769.72 1402.0
1
5 1.511.454 8.591 7.467 10.6 64.15 91.06
2
6 8.591 7.467 10.6 64.15 91.06
7 13.56 7.467 9.8 101.25 132.89
8 101.7 5.6 4.5 569.5 457.6
6 493.2 2239.5 3251.1
Have X 6A
6xA: X 493.2 in 2 2239.5 in 3 or X 4.54 in. W
Y 6A 6 yA: Y 493.2 in
2
3251.1 in 3 or Y 6.59 in. W
PROBLEM 5.104
A 200-mm-diameter cylindrical duct and a 100 u 200-mm rectangular
duct are to be joined as indicated. Knowing that the ducts are fabricated
from the same sheet metal, which is of uniform thickness, locate the center
of gravity of the assembly.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the duct coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding area. Also note that symmetry implies Z 0W
A, m 2 x, m y, m xA, m3 yA, m3
1 S 0.2 0.3 0.1885 0 0.15 0 0.028274
S
0.2 0.1 0.0314 2 0.1
2 2 0.06366 0.25 0.02000 0.007854
S
4 0.1
S 0.04244
3 0.12 0.01571 3S 0.30 0.000667 0.004712
2
4 0.3 0.2 0.060 0.15 0.30 0.00900 0.001800

5 0.3 0.2 0.060 0.15 0.20 0.00900 0.001200
S 4 0.1
6 0.12 0.1571 0.20 0.000667 0.003142
2 3S
7 0.3 0.1 0.030 0.15 0.25 0.004500 0.007500
8 0.3 0.1 0.030 0.15 0.25 0.004500 0.007500
6 0.337080 0.023667 0.066991
Have X 6A 6 xA: X (0.337080 mm 2 ) 0.023667 mm3

or X 0.0702 m X 70.2 mm W
Y 6A
6 yA: Y 0.337080 mm 2 0.066991 mm3
or Y 0.19874 m Y 198.7 mm W
PROBLEM 5.105
An elbow for the duct of a ventilating system is made of sheet metal of
uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the elbow.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the duct coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding area. Also, note that the shape of the duct implies Y 1.5 in. W
2
Note that xI zI 16 in. 16 in. 5.81408 in.
S
2
xII 16 in. 8 in. 10.9070 in.
S
2
zII 12 in. 8 in. 6.9070 in.
S
4
xIV zIV 16 in. 16 in. 9.2094 in.
3S
4
xV 16 in. 8 in. 12.6047 in.
3S
4
zV 12 in. 8 in. 8.6047 in.
3S
Also note that the corresponding top and bottom areas will contribute equally when determining x and z .
Thus A, in 2 x , in. z , in. xA, in 3 zA, in 3

S
I 16 3 75.3982 5.81408 5.81408 438.37 438.37
2
S
II 8 3 37.6991 10.9070 6.9070 411.18 260.39
2
III 4 3 12 8 14 96.0 168.0
§ S·
2 ¨ ¸ 16
2
IV 402.1239 9.2094 9.2094 3703.32 3703.32
© 4¹
§S· 2
V 2 ¨ ¸ 8 100.5309 12.6047 8.6047 1267.16 865.04
©4¹
VI 2 4 8 64 12 14 768.0 896.0
6 362.69 2613.71 2809.04
Have X 6A
6 xA: X 362.69 in 2 2613.71 in 3
or X 7.21 in. W
Z 6A
6 zA: Z 362.69 in 2 2809.04 in 3
or Z 7.74 in. W
PROBLEM 5.106
A window awning is fabricated from sheet metal of uniform thickness.
Locate the center of gravity of the awning.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the awning coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area.
yII yVI 80
4 500 292.2 mm
3S
zII zVI
4 500 212.2 mm
3S
yIV 80
2 500 398.3 mm
S
zIV
2 500 318.3 mm
S
S
AII AVI 500 2 196 350 mm 2
4
S
AIV 500 680 534 071 mm 2
2
A, mm 2 y , mm z , mm yA, mm3 zA, mm3

I (80)(500) 40 000 40 250 1.6 u 106 10 u 106
II 196 350 292.2 212.2 57.4 u 106 41.67 u 106
III (80)(680) 54 400 40 500 0.2176 u 106 27.2 u 106
IV 534 071 398.3 318.3 212.7 u 106 170 u 106
V (80)(500) 40 000 40 250 1.6 u 106 10 u 106
VI 196 350 292.2 212.2 57.4 u 106 41.67 u 106
6 1.061 u 106 332.9 u 106 300.5 u 106
Now, symmetry implies X 340 mm W

and Y 6A
6 yA: Y 1.061 u 10 mm
6 2
332.9 u 10 mm 6 3
or Y 314 mm W
Z 6A
6 zA: Z 1.061 u 106 mm 2 300.5 u 106 mm3
or Z 283 mm W
PROBLEM 5.107
The thin, plastic front cover of a wall clock is of uniform thickness.
Locate the center of gravity of the cover.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the plastic is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the cover coincides with the
Next, note that symmetry implies X 150.0 mm
A, mm 2 y , mm z , mm y A, mm3 z , mm3
1
300 280 0 140 0 11 760 000
84 000
2
280 50 25 140 350 000 1 960 000
14 000
3
300 50 25 0 375 000 0
15 000
4
50
280
25 140 350 000 1 960 000
14 000
S 100
2
5 0 130 0 4 084 070
31 416
S
6
30 2 0 260
4 30 247.29 0 174 783
4
3S
706.86
S
7
30 2 0 260
4 30 247.29 0 174 783
4
3S
706.86
6 94 170 1 075 000 11 246 363
Have Y 6A
6 yA: Y 94 170 mm 2 1 075 000 mm3
or Y 11.42 mm W
Z6A
6 zA: Z 94 170 mm 2
11 246 363 mm 3
or Z 119.4 mm W
PROBLEM 5.108
A thin steel wire of uniform cross section is bent into the shape shown,
where arc BC is a quarter circle of radius R. Locate its center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the wire is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
L, in 2 x , in. y , in. z ,in. x L, in 2 y L, in 2 z L, in 2
1 15 0 7.5 0 0 112.5 0
2 14 7 0 0 98 0 0
§ 5·
9¨ ¸
3 13 © 12 ¹ 0 6 149.5 0 78
11.5
S 3 § 2 u 15 · 24
15
30
¨ ¸
4 2 5© S ¹ S S 135.0 225.0 180.0
23.56 5.73 9.549 7.639
6 65.56 382.5 337.5 258.0
Have X 6L 6 x L: X 65.56 in. 382.5 in 2 or X 5.83 in. W
Y 6L 6 y L: Y 65.56 in. 337.5 in 2 or Y 5.15 in. W
Z 6L 6 z L: Z 65.56 in. 258.0 in 2 or Z 3.94 in. W

PROBLEM 5.109
A thin steel wire of uniform cross section is bent into the shape shown,
where arc BC is a quarter circle of radius R. Locate its center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the wire is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line
Have x2 z2
2 8 16
ft
S S
L1 82 32 8.5440 ft
8S
L2 2 4S ft
L, ft x , ft y , ft z , ft x L, ft 2 y L, ft 2 z L, ft 2
1 8.5440 4 1.5 0 34.176 12.816 0
16
2 4S 16S 0 64.0 0 64.0
S
3 8 0 0 4 0 0 32
4 3 0 1.5 0 0 4.5 0
32.110 98.176 17.316 96.0
Have X 6L 6 x L: X 32.110 ft 98.176 ft 2 or X 3.06 ft W
Y 6L 6 y L: Y 32.110 ft 17.316 ft 2 or Y 0.539 ft W
Z 6L 6 z L: Z 32.110 ft 96.0 ft 2 or Z 2.99 ft W

PROBLEM 5.110
The frame of a greenhouse is constructed from uniform aluminum

channels. Locate the center of gravity of the portion of the frame shown.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the channels are homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the frame coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding line.
Note x8 x9
2 0.9 0.57296 m
S
y8 y9 1.5
2 0.9 2.073 m
S
S
L7 L8 0.9 1.4137 m
2
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m 2 yL, m 2 zL, m 2

1 0.6 0.9 0 0.3 0.540 0 0.18
2 0.9 0.45 0 0.6 0.4050 0 0.54
3 1.5 0.9 0.75 0 1.350 1.125 0
4 1.5 0.9 0.75 0.6 1.350 1.125 0.9
5 2.4 0 1.2 0.6 0 2.880 1.44
6 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.540 0.9 0.18
7 0.9 0.45 1.5 0.6 0.4050 1.350 0.54
8 1.4137 0.573 2.073 0 0.8100 2.9306 0
9 1.4137 0.573 2.073 0.6 0.8100 2.9306 0.8482
10 0.6 0 2.4 0.3 0 1.440 0.18
6 11.827 6.210 14.681 4.8082
Have X 6L 6 xL: X 11.827 m 6.210 m 2 or X 0.525 m W
Y 6L 6 yL: Y 11.827 m 14.681 m 2 or Y 1.241 m W
Z 6L 6 zL: Z 11.827 m 4.8082 m 2 or Z 0.406 m W

*
PROBLEM 5.111
The decorative metalwork at the entrance of a store is fabricated from
uniform steel structural tubing. Knowing that R = 1.2 m, locate the center
of gravity of the metalwork.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the tubes are homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the metalwork coincides with the
centroid of the corresponding line.
Note that symmetry implies Z 0W
L, m x, m y, m xL, m 2 yL, m 2
1 3 1.2 cos 45q 0.8485 1.5 2.5456 4.5
2 3 1.2 cos 45q 0.8485 1.5 2.5456 4.5
3 1.2S 0 3.7639 0 14.1897
4 1.2S
2 1.2 0.7639 3 2.88 11.3097
S
5 0.6S
2 1.2 0.7639 3.7639 1.44 7.0949
S
6 15.425 9.4112 41.594
Have X 6L 6 xL: X 15.425 m 9.4112 m 2 or X 0.610 m W
Y 6L 6 yL: Y 15.425 m 41.594 m 2 or Y 2.70 m W

PROBLEM 5.112
A scratch awl has a plastic handle and a steel blade and shank. Knowing
that the specific weight of plastic is 0.0374 lb/in 3 and of steel is
0.284 lb/in 3, locate the center of gravity of the awl.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies Y Z 0W
xI
5
8
0.5 in. 0.3125 in., WI 0.0374 lb/in §¨© 23S ·¸¹ 0.5 in. 0.009791 lb
3 3
xII 1.6 in. 0.5 in. 2.1 in. WII 0.0374 lb/in S 0.5 in. 3.2 in. 0.093996 lb
3 2
§S ·
0.0374 lb/in ¨ ¸ 0.12 in. 2 in. 0.000846 lb
2
xIII 3.7 in. 1 in. 2.7 in., WIII 3
©4¹
xIV 7.3 in. 2.8 in. 4.5 in., WIV 0.284 lb/in §¨© S4 ·¸¹ 0.12 in.
3 2
5.6 in.2 0.017987 lb
xV 7.3 in.
1
4
0.4 in. 7.4 in., WV 0.284 lb/in §¨© S3 ·¸¹ 0.06 in.
3 2
0.4 in. 0.000428 lb
W , lb x , in. xW , in lb
I 0.009791 0.3125 0.003060
II 0.093996 2.1 0.197393
III 0.000846 2.7 0.002284
IV 0.017987 4.5 0.080942
V 0.000428 7.4 0.003169
6 0.12136 0.28228
Have X 6W 6xW : X 0.12136 lb 0.28228 in. lb or X 2.33 in. W

PROBLEM 5.113
A bronze bushing is mounted inside a steel sleeve. Knowing that the
density of bronze is 8800 kg/m3 and of steel is 7860 kg/m3 , determine
the center of gravity of the assembly.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies X Z 0W
Now W U g V
yI 4 mm , WI 7860 kg/m 9.81 m/s ®¯§¨© S4 ·¸¹ ª¬ 0.036
3 2 2
¼ ½
0.0152 m 2 º 0.008 m ¾
¿
0.51887 N
yII 18 mm, WII 7860 kg/m 9.81 m/s ¯®§¨© S4 ·¸¹ ª¬ 0.0225
3 2 2

¼
½
0.052 m 2 º 0.02 m ¾
¿
0.34065 N
yIII 14 mm, WIII 8800 kg/m 9.81 m/s ¯®§¨© S4 ·¸¹ ª¬ 0.15
3 2 2

¼
½
0.102 m 2 º 0.028 m ¾
¿
0.23731 N
Have Y 6W 6 yW
Y
4 mm 0.5189 N 18 mm 0.3406 N 14 mm 0.2373 N
0.5189 N 0.3406 N 0.2373 N
or Y 10.51 mm W
above base
PROBLEM 5.114
A marker for a garden path consists of a truncated regular pyramid carved
from stone of specific weight 160 lb/ft3. The pyramid is mounted on a
steel base of thickness h. Knowing that the specific weight of steel is
490 lb/ft3 and that steel plate is available in 14 in. increments, specify the
minimum thickness h for which the center of gravity of the marker is
approximately 12 in. above the top of the base.
SOLUTION
First, locate the center of gravity of the stone. Assume that the stone is
homogeneous so that the center of gravity coincides with the centroid of
the corresponding volume.
3 1
Have y1 56 in. 42 in., V1 12 in.12 in. 56 in.
4 3
2688 in 3
3 1
y2 28 in. 21 in., V2 6 in. 6 in. 28 in.
4 3
366 in 3
Then Vstone 2688 in 3 366 in 3

2352 in 3
6yV
and Y
6V
42 in. 2688 in 3 21 in. 366 in 3
2352 in 3
45 in.
Therefore, the center of gravity of the stone is 45 28 in. 17 in.

above the base.
3
§ 1 ft ·
Now Wstone J stoneVstone 160 lb/ft
3
2352 in ¨ 3
¸
© 12 in. ¹
217.78 lb
Wsteel J steelVsteel
3
§ 1 ft ·
3

490 lb/ft ª¬12 in.12 in. h º¼ ¨ ¸
© 12 in. ¹
40.833h 1b
6yW
Then Ymarker 12 in.
6W
17 in. 217.78 lb §¨
h ·
in. ¸ 40.833 h lb
© 2 ¹
217.78 40.833h lb
or h 2 24h 53.334 0
With positive solution h 2.0476 in.
? specify h 2 in. W
PROBLEM 5.115
The ends of the park bench shown are made of concrete, while the seat
and back are wooden boards. Each piece of wood is 36 u 120 u
1180 mm. Knowing that the density of concrete is 2320 kg/m3 and of
wood is 470 kg/m3 , determine the x and y coordinates of the center of
gravity of the bench.
SOLUTION
First, note that we will account for the two concrete ends by counting twice the weights of components 1, 2,
and 3.
W1 Uc g V1 2320 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª¬ 0.480 m 0.408 m 0.072 m º¼
3 2
320.9 N
W2 Uc g V2
2320 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ª¬ 0.096 m 0.048 m 0.072 m º¼
7.551 N
W3 Uc g V3 2320 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª¬ 0.096 m 0.384 m 0.072 m º¼
3 2
60.41 N
W4 W5 W6 W7 U wVboard
470 kg/m 9.81 m/s ª¬ 0.120 m 0.036 m 1.180 m º¼

3 2
23.504 N
W, N x , mm y , mm x W, mm N y W, mm N
1 2 320.4 641.83 312 204 200 251.4 130 933.6
2 2 7.551 15.10 312 384 4711.8 5799.1
3 2 60.41 120.82 84 192 10 148.5 23 196.5
4 23.504 228 18 5358.8 423.1
5 23.504 360 18 8461.3 423.1
6 23.504 442 18 10 388.5 423.1
7 23.504 124.7 328.3 2930.9 7716.2
8 23.504 160.1 139.6 3762.9 3281.1
6 865.06 236 590 89 671
Have X 6W 6 xW : X 865.06 N 236 590 mm N
or X 274 mm W
Y 6W 6 yW : Y 865.06 N 89 671 mm N
or Y 103.6 mm W
PROBLEM 5.116
Determine by direct integration the values of x for the two volumes

obtained by passing a vertical cutting plane through the given shape of
Fig. 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given shape and
divides the shape into two volumes of equal height.
A hemisphere.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx.
Then
dV Sr 2dx, xEL x
The equation of the generating curve is x 2 y 2 a 2 so that

r2 a 2 x 2 and then
dV
S a 2 x 2 dx
Component 1
a/2
ª x3 º
V1 ³
a/2
0
S a 2 x 2 dx S «a 2 x
¬
»
3 ¼0
11 3
Sa
24
³0 x ª¬S a x dx º¼
a/2
³1 xEL dV
2 2
and
a/2
ª x2 x4 º
S «a 2 »
¬ 2 4 ¼0
7
S a4
64
§ 3· 11 7
Now x1V1 ³1 xELdV : x1 ¨ 24 S a ¸ S a4
© ¹ 64
21
or x1 aW
88
Component 2
a
ª x3 º
V2 ³
a
a /2
S a 2
x dx
2
S «a2 x »
3 ¼ a/2
¬
3 º½
°ª a3 º
ª
§a·
S ®«a 2 a » «a2 ¨ ¸
a2
» °¾
°¬ 3 ¼ « ©2¹ 3 »°
¯ ¬« ¼» ¿
5
Sa 3
24
a
ª x2 x4 º
and ³2 xELdV
a
³ x ªS
a/2 ¬ 2 2

a x dx º
¼
S «a2 »
¬ 2 4 ¼ a/2
ª º½
ª
a2
2 4
° 2 a a º « 2 a2
2 4
S® a« » a » °¾
° «¬ 2 4 » « 2 »
4 °
¯ ¼ «
¬ »¼ ¿
9
S a4
64
§ 3·
5 9
Now x2V2 ³2 xELdV : x2 ¨ 24 S a ¸ S a4
© ¹ 64
27
or x2 aW
40
PROBLEM 5.117

A semiellipsoid of revolution.
SOLUTION
Then
dV Sr 2dx, xEL x
x2 y2
The equation of the generating curve is 2
2 1 so that
h a
r2
h2

a2 2

h x 2 and then
dV S
a2 2
h 2
h x 2 dx
Component 1
h/2
ª 2 x3 º
V1 ³
h/2
0
S
h2

a2 2
h x 2 dx S
a2
h2
« h x »
3 ¼0
¬
11 2
Sa h
24
ª a2 º
³0 x «S h 2 h x dx »
h/2
³1 xEL dV
2 2
and
¬ ¼
h/2
a2 ª x2 x4 º
S 2 «h2 »
h ¬ 2 4 ¼0
7
S a 2h 2
64
§ 11 2 · 7
Now x1V1 ³1 xEL dV : x1 ¨ 24 S a h ¸ S a 2h 2
© ¹ 64
21
or x1 hW
88
Component 2
h
ª 2 x3 º
V2 ³
h
h/2
S
a2 2
h 2
h x 2 dx S
a2
h2
«h x »
¬ 3 ¼h/2
ª

h º½
3
a 2 °ª
S 2 ®«h 2 h
h3 º» «h 2 § h ·
2 »°¾
h °«¬ 3 » « ¨© 2 ¸¹ 3 »°
¯ ¼ ¬« »¼¿
5
Sa 2 h
24
ª º
and ³2 xELdV ³
h
x S
h/2 « 2
a2 2

h x 2 dx »
¬ h ¼
h
a2 ª 2 x2 x4 º
S «h »
h2 ¬ 2 4 ¼ h/2
º½
ª
h2
2 4
a2 °ª 2 h h º « 2 h2
2 4
S 2 ®«h » h » °¾
h °« 2 4 » « 2 4 »°
¯¬ ¼ «¬ »¼ ¿
9
S a 2h 2
64
§ 5 2 · 9
© ¹ 64
27
or x2 hW
40
PROBLEM 5.118

A paraboloid of revolution.
SOLUTION
Then
dV Sr 2dx, xEL x
h 2
The equation of the generating curve is x h y so that
a2
a2
r2 h x and then
h
a2
dV S h x dx
h
Component 1
a2
V1 ³
h/2
0
S h x dx
h
h/2
a2 ª x2 º
S « hx »
h ¬ 2 ¼0
3 2
Sa h
8
h/2 ª a2 º
and ³1 xELdV ³ 0
x «S h x dx »
¬ h ¼
h/2
a2 ª x 2 x3 º
S «h »
h ¬ 2 3 ¼0
1
S a 2h 2
12
§ 2 ·
3 1
© ¹ 12
2
or x1 hW
9
Component 2
h
a2 a2 ª x2 º
V2
h
³
h/2
S h x dx S « hx »
h h ¬ 2 ¼ h/2
ª º½
h 2 º» ª« h § h · h2
2
a2 ° » °¾
S ®
« h h ¨ ¸
h ° ¬« 2 » « ©2¹ 2 »°
¯ ¼ «
¬ »¼ ¿
1 2
Sa h
8
h
ª a2 º a 2 ª x 2 x3 º
and ³2 xELdV ³
h
x S
h/2 « h x dx » S «h »
¬ h ¼ h ¬ 2 3 ¼ h/2
3 º½
ª
h2
2
a2 °ª h h º « h2
2 3
S ® h « » h » °¾
h °« 2 3 » « 2 3 »°
¯ ¬ ¼ «
¬ »¼ ¿
1
S a 2h 2
12
§ 1 2 · 1
Now x2V2 ³2 xEL dV : x2 ¨ 8 S a h ¸ S a 2h2
© ¹ 12
2
or x2 hW
3
PROBLEM 5.119
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x axis.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies y 0W
z 0W
Then
dV Sr 2dx, xEL x
§ x2 ·
Now r b¨¨1 2 ¸¸ so that
© a ¹
2
§ x2 ·
dV Sb2 ¨¨1 ¸ dx
© a 2 ¸¹
2
§ x2 · § 2x2 x4 ·
S b2 ¨¨1 ³0 S b ¨¨1 a 2 a 4 ¸¸ dx
a a
Then V ³ ¸ dx
2
0
© a 2 ¸¹ © ¹
a
2§ 2 x3 x5 ·
S b ¨¨ x 2 4 ¸¸
© 3a 5a ¹
0
§ 2 1·
S ab 2 ¨1 ¸
© 3 5¹
8
S ab 2
15
§ 2x2 x4 ·
S b2 x ¨¨1
a
and ³ xELdV ³ 4 ¸¸ dx
0
© a2 a ¹
a
§ x2 2x4 x6 ·
S b 2 ¨¨ 2
4 ¸¸
© 2 4a 6a ¹
0
§1 1 1·
S a 2b 2 ¨ ¸
©2 2 6¹
1 2 2
Sa b
6
§8 2· 1
Then xV ³ xEL dV : x ¨ 15 S ab ¸ S a 2b 2
© ¹ 16
15
or x aW
6
PROBLEM 5.120
about the x axis.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies y 0W
z 0W
Then
dV Sr 2dx, xEL x
1
Now r 1 so that
x
2
§ 1·
dV S ¨1 ¸ dx
© x¹
§ 2 1 ·
S ¨1 ¸ dx
© x x2 ¹
3
§ 2 1 · ª 1º
S S « x 2 ln x »
3
Then V ³ ¨ 1 2 ¸ dx
1
© x x ¹ ¬ x¼ 1
ª§ 1· § 1 ·º
S «¨ 3 2 ln3 ¸ ¨1 2 ln 1 ¸ »
¬© 3 ¹ © 1 ¹¼
0.46944S m 3
3
3 ª § 2 1 · º ª x2 º
and ³ x ELdV ³x S
1 « ¨1 2 ¸ dx » S « 2 x ln x »
¬ © x x ¹ ¼ ¬2 ¼1
° ª 32 º ª13 º °½
S ®« 2 3 ln 3» « 2 1 ln1» ¾
¯° ¬ 2 ¼ ¬2 ¼ °¿
1.09861S m
³ x EL dV : X 0.46944S m 1.09861S m
3 4
Now xV
or x 2.34 m W
PROBLEM 5.121
about the line x h.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies x hW
z 0W
Then
dV Sr 2dy, yEL y
Now x 2
h2 2
a 2
a y 2 so that r h
h 2
a
a y2
h2

2
Then dV S 2 a a 2 y 2 dy
a
h2
dy
2
S
a
and V ³ a a2 y2
0
a2
Let y a sin T dy a cos T d T
h 2 S /2
a cosT dT
2
Then V S ³ a a a sin T
2 2 2
a2 0
S
h 2 S /2 ª 2
a2 0 ¬
2 2 2

³ a 2a a cosT a a sin T º¼ a cosT dT
S ah 2 ³0
S /2
2 cosT 2 cos T sin T cosT dT
2 2
S /2
ª § T sin 2T · 1 3 º
S ah « 2sin T 2 ¨
2
¸ sin T »
¬ ©2 4 ¹ 3 ¼0
ª § S2 · 1 º
S ah 2 « 2 2 ¨¨ ¸¸ »
«¬ © 2 ¹ 3 »¼
0.095870S ah 2
ª h2
º
2
³0 y «S a 2 a a y dy »
a
³ y ELdV
2 2
and
¬ ¼
S
h2 a
a

2 ³0
2a 2 y 2ay a 2 y 2 y 3 dy
a
h2 ª 2 2 2
1 º
3/2
S 2 «a y 3 a a y
2 2
y4 »
a ¬ 4 ¼0
h2 ª 2 3/2 º ½
S 2 ®«
a ¯¬
1 º ª2
a a a4 » « a a2
2
4 ¼ ¬3
»¾
¼¿
1
S a 2h 2
12
³ y ELdV : y 0.095870S ah
1
Now yV 2
S a 2h 2
12
or y 0.869a W
PROBLEM 5.122
Locate the centroid of the volume generated by revolving the portion of
the sine curve shown about the x axis.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies y 0W
z 0W
Then
dV Sr 2dx, xEL x
Sx
Now r b sin
2a
Sx
so that dV Sb2 sin 2 dx
2a
Sx
³a S b sin 2a dx
2a 2 2
Then V
2a
ª x sin S2ax º
Sb «
2
»
¬« 2 2 Sa ¼»
a
S b2 ª¬ 22a a2 º¼
1
S ab2
2
2a § · Sx
³ x ELdV ³a x ¨ S b sin 2a dx ¸
2 2
and
© ¹
Use integration by parts with
Sx
u x dV sin 2
2a
x sin S x
du dx V 2S
a
2 a
ª § ·º
2a
· ½°
2° x sin S x 2a § x sin S x
Then ³ x EL dV S b ® « x ¨ 2S a ¸¸ » ³a ¨¨ 2S a ¸¸ dx ¾
¨
° ¬« © 2 ¹ ¼» a ©2 ¹ °¿
¯ a a
2a ½
°ª § 2a · § a ·º ª 1 2 a2 Sxº °
S b 2 ® « 2a ¨ ¸ a ¨ ¸» « x cos » ¾
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹¼ ¬ 4 2S 2
¯° ¬
a ¼a
¿°
°§ 3 · ª1 a2 1 a 2 º ½°
S b 2 ®¨ a 2 ¸ « 2a 2 a 2 » ¾
2 2
°¯© 2 ¹ ¬ 4 2S 4 2S ¼ °¿
§3 1 ·
S a 2b 2 ¨ 2¸
©4 S ¹
0.64868S a 2b 2
§1 2·
Now xV ³ x EL dV : x ¨ 2 S ab ¸ 0.64868S a 2b 2
© ¹
or x 1.297a W
PROBLEM 5.123
Locate the centroid of the volume generated by revolving the portion of
the sine curve shown about the y axis. (Hint: Use a thin cylindrical shell
of radius r and thickness dr as the element of volume.)
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x 0W
z 0W
Choose as the element of volume a cylindrical shell of radius r and
thickness dr.
dV 2Sr y dr , yEL
1
Then y
2
Sr
Now y b sin
2a
Sr
so that dV 2Sbr sin dr
2a
2a Sr
Then V ³a 2Sbr sin 2a dr
Sr
u r dv sin dr
2a
2a Sr
du dr v cos
S 2a
°ª § 2a Sr · º
2a
2a § 2a Sr · ½°
Then V 2Sb ®« r ¨ cos ¸ » ³a ¨ cos ¸ dr ¾
© S 2a ¹ ¼a © S 2a ¹ °
¯°¬ ¿
2a ª 4a 2 Sr º ½°
2a
°
2Sb ® ª 2a 1 º¼ « 2 sin » ¾
S ¬ ¬S 2a ¼a °
¯° ¿
§ 4a 2 4a 2 ·
V 2Sb ¨ 2 ¸
© S S ¹
§ 1·
8a 2b ¨1 ¸
© S¹
5.4535 a 2b
2a § Sr · § Sr ·
Also ³ y ELdV ³a ¨© 12 b sin 2a ¸¹ ¨© 2Sbr sin 2a dr ¸¹
2a Sr
Sb 2 ³a r sin 2 dr
2a

Sr
u r dv sin 2 dr
2a
r sin Sar
du dr v 2S
2 a
ª § ·º
2a
· ½°
2° r sin S r 2a § r sin S r
Then ³ y EL dV S b ® « r ¨ 2S a ¸¸ » ³a ¨¨ 2S a ¸¸ dr ¾
¨
° «¬ © 2 ¹ »¼ a ©2 ¹ °¿
¯ a a
2a ½
°ª § 2a · § a ·º ª r 2 a2 Sr º °
S b 2 ® « 2a ¨ ¸ a ¨ ¸» « cos » ¾
°¯ ¬ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹¼ ¬ 4 2S 2
a ¼a °¿
3 ª 2a 2 a 2 a 2 º» ½°
° a2
S b2 ® a2 « ¾
°¯ 2 «¬ 4 2S 2 4 2S 2 » °
¼¿
§3 1 ·
S a 2b 2 ¨ 2¸
© 4 S ¹
2.0379a 2b 2
³ y EL dV : y 5.4535a b
2
Now yV 2.0379a 2b2
or y 0.374b W
PROBLEM 5.124
Show that for a regular pyramid of height h and n sides ( n 3, 4, ! ) the

centroid of the volume of the pyramid is located at a distance h / 4 above
the base.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of a horizontal slice of thickness dy. For any
number N of sides, the area of the base of the pyramid is given by
Abase kb 2
where k k N ; see note below. Using similar triangles, have

s hy
b h
h y
b
or s
h
b2
Aslicedy ks 2dy k 2 h y dy
2
Then dV
h
h
b2 b2 ª 1 3º
³0 k h 2 h y dy « 3 h y »
h 2
and V k
h2 ¬ ¼0
1 2
kb h
3
Also yEL y
ª b2 º
so then ³ y EL dV
h
³0 y «k
¬ h
2
h y dy »
2
¼
k
b2 h 2
h2 0

³ h y 2hy y dy
2 3

h
b2 ª 1 2 2 2 3 1 4 º 1 2 2
k h y hy y » kb h
h 2 «¬ 2 3 4 ¼0 12
§ 1 2 · 1 2 2
Now yV ³ y ELdV : y ¨ 3 kb h ¸ kb h
© ¹ 12
1
or y h Q.E.D. W
4
Note
§1 b ·
Abase N¨ u b u 2
¸
tan NS
©2 ¹
N
b2
4 tan NS
k N b2
PROBLEM 5.125
Determine by direct integration the location of the centroid of one-half of a
thin, uniform hemispherical shell of radius R.
SOLUTION
The element of area dA of the shell shown is obtained by cutting the shell
with two planes parallel to the xy plane. Now
dA S r RdT
2r
yEL
S
where r R sin T
so that dA S R 2 sin T dT
2R
yEL sin T
S
S S
Then A ³02 S R sin T dT
2
S R 2 > cosT @02
S R2
³02 ¨ S sin T ¸ S R sin T dT

S § 2R ·
³ y ELdA
2
and
© ¹
S
3 ªT
sin 2T º 2
2 R «
¬2 4 »¼ 0
S
R3
2
S
³ y ELdA: y S R
2
Now yA R3
2
1
or y RW
2
1
Symmetry implies z y? z RW
2
PROBLEM 5.126
The sides and the base of a punch bowl are of uniform thickness t. If
t R and R 350 mm, determine the location of the center of gravity
of (a) the bowl, (b) the punch.
SOLUTION
(a) Bowl
z 0W
for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be
treated as a shell; the center of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the
centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl, an element of area is
obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y axis. Then
dAwall 2S R sin T RdT
and yEL wall R cos T

S /2 S /2
Then Awall ³S /6 2S R sin T dT
2
2S R 2 > cosT @S /6
S 3R 2
and ywall Awall ³ yEL wall dA
³S /6 R cosT 2S R sin T dT
S /2 2
S /2
S R3 ª¬cos 2 T º¼
S /6
3
S R3
4
S 3
By observation Abase R2, ybase R
4 2
Now y 6A 6yA
§ S · 3 S § 3 ·
or y ¨ S 3R 2 R 2 ¸ S R3 R 2 ¨ R¸
© 4 ¹ 4 4 ¨© 2 ¸¹
or y 0.48763R R 350 mm
? y 170.7 mm W
(b) Punch
z 0W
and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will
coincide with the centroid of the corresponding volume. Choose as the
element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy. Then
dV S x 2dy, yEL y
Now x2 y 2 R2 so that dV
S R 2 y 2 dy 0
Then V
0
³
3/2 R
S R 2

y 2 dy
ª
S «R2 y
¬
1 3º
y
3 »¼ 3/2 R
ª § 3º
3 · 1§ 3 · » 3
S « R 2 ¨ R¸ ¨ S 3R3
« © 2 ¹ 3 © 2 ¸¹ »
R
8
¬ ¼
0
y ª¬S R 2 y 2 dy º¼ ª1 1 4º
S « R2 y2
0
and ³ yEL dV ³
3/2 R
y
4 »¼
¬2 3/2 R
ª 2 4º
1 § 3 · 1§ 3 · » 15
S « R 2 ¨ R¸ ¨ R¸ S R4
¨
«2 © 2 ¹ ¸ 4 © 2 ¸¹ »
¨ 64
¬ ¼
§ 3·3 15
Now yV ³ yELdV : y ¨ 8 S 3R ¸ S R4
© ¹ 64
5
or y R R 350 mm
8 3
? y 126.3 mm W
PROBLEM 5.127
After grading a lot, a builder places four stakes to designate the corners of
the slab for a house. To provide a firm, level base for the slab, the builder
places a minimum of 60 mm of gravel beneath the slab. Determine the
volume of gravel needed and the x coordinate of the centroid of the
volume of the gravel. (Hint: The bottom of the gravel is an oblique plane,
which can be represented by the equation y a bx cz.)
SOLUTION
First, determine the constants a, b, and c.
At x 0, z 0 : y 60 mm
? 60 mm a; a 60 mm
At x 7200 mm, z 0 : y 100 mm
? 100 mm 60 b 7200
1
b
180
At x 0 , z 12 000 mm: y 120 mm
? 120 mm 60 mm c 12000
1
c
200
1 1
It follows that y 60 x z where all dimensions
180 120
are in mm.
Choose as the element of volume a filament of base dx u dz and height
| y |. Then
dV y dxdz, xEL x
1 1
or dV 60 x z dxdz
180 200
12000 7200 § 1 1 ·
Then V ³0 ³ ¨ 60 x z ¸ dxdz
0
© 180 200 ¹
7200
12000 ª 1 2 1 º
³ «60 x x xz dz
0
¬ 360 200 »¼ 0
ª 7200
2
7200 z º»dz
12000
³ « 60 7200
0
«¬ 360 200 »¼
12000
ª 36 2 º
«576000 z 2 z »
¬ ¼0
9.504 u 109 mm3 9.50 m3
V 9.50 m3 W
12000 7200 § 1 1 ·
and ³ x ELdV ³0 ³ x ¨ 60 x z ¸ dxdz
0
© 180 200 ¹
7200
12000 ª 60 1 3 1 2 º
³0 «2 x2 x x z» dz
¬ 540 400 ¼0
12000
³0 2246.4 u 10 6

129 600 z dz
12000
ª 129 600 2 º
« 2246.4 u 10 z
6
z »
¬ 2 ¼0
2.695 u 1013 0.933 u 1013
3.63 u 1013 mm 4 36.3 m 4
³ x ELdV : x 9.50 m
3
Now xV 36.3 m 4
or x 3.82 m W
PROBLEM 5.128
Determine by direct integration the location of the centroid of the volume
between the xz plane and the portion shown of the surface
y
16h ax x 2 bz z 2
.

a 2b 2
SOLUTION
a
First note that symmetry implies x W
2
b
z W
2
Choose as the element of volume a filament of base dx u dz and height y. Then
1
dV ydxdz, yEL y
2
or dV
16h
a 2b 2

ax x 2 bz z 2 dxdz
³0 ³0 a 2b 2 ax x bz z dxdz
b a 16h 2 2
Then V
a
V
16h b
2 2 ³0
ab
ªa

1 º
bz z 2 « x 2 x3 » dz
¬z 3 ¼0
b
16h
a 2b 2
ªa 2
¬

1 3º ªb 2 1 3º
« 2 a 3 a » « 2 z 3 z »
¼¬ ¼0
8ah ª b 2 1 3 º
3b 2 «¬ 2
b b »
3 ¼
4
9
abh
³0 ³0 2 « a 2b2 ax x bz z ¼º» ª«¬ a16bh ax x bz z dxdz º»¼

b a 1 ª 16h
³ yELdV
2 2 2 2
and
¬ 2 2
128h 2 b a 2 2
4 4 ³0 ³0
ab

a x 2ax3 x 4 b2 z 2 2bz 3 z 4 dxdz
a
4 ªa a 4 1 5º
128h 2 b 2 2

2
2 4 ³0
b z 2bz 3
z « x x x » dz
3
ab ¬3 2 5 ¼0
b
128h 2 ª a 2 a 1 5 º ª b2 3 b 4 1 5 º
« a 3
a 4
a » « Z Z Z »
a 4b 4 ¬ 3 2 5 ¼¬ 3 Z 5 ¼0
64ah 2 ª b3 b 1 º 32
4 « b 3 b 4 b 5 » abh 2
15b ¬ 3 2 5 ¼ 225
§4 · 32
Now yV ³ y ELdV : y ¨ 9 abh ¸ abh 2
© ¹ 225
8
or y hW
25
PROBLEM 5.129
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from a circular
cylinder by an inclined plane.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width 2x, thickness dz, and height y. Then
1
dV 2 xy dz, yEL y, z EL z
2
h h h§ z·
Now x a2 z 2 and y z ¨©1 ¸¹
2 2a 2 a
§ z·
So dV h a 2 z 2 ¨1 ¸ dz
© a¹
a
° 1 ª 3/2 ½
Then V ³
a
0
h 2 §
©
2 z·
a z ¨1 ¸ dz
a¹
h ® « z a 2 z 2 a 2 sin 1 ¨ ¸ »
°¯ 2 ¬

§ z·º 1 2
© a ¹ ¼ 3a
a z2 ¾
°
°¿ a
a h ¬sin 1 sin 1 1 º¼
1 2 ª 1
2
S
a 2h
2
a ª1 h§ z ·º ª 2§ z· º
³ yEL dV ³a « 2 u 2 ¨1 a ¸ » « h a z ¨1 a ¸ dz »
2
Then
¬ © ¹¼ ¬ © ¹ ¼
h2 a § z z2 ·
³a
a 2 z 2 ¨¨1 2 2 ¸¸ dz
4 © a a ¹
h 2 ° 1 ª 1 § z · º ª2 2 º

3
® « z a z a sin ¨ ¸ » « a z2
2 2 2 2
»
4 °¯ 2 ¬ © ¹¼ ¬
a 3a ¼
a
ª z 2 § z · º ½°
a2z 2 a4
3
1
2 « a z
2 2
a z2 sin 1 ¨ ¸ » ¾
a ¬ 4 8 8 © a ¹ ¼ °¿
a
5h 2a 2 ª 1
sin 1 sin 1 1 º¼
32 ¬
§ S a2 · 5h 2a 2
Then yV ³ EL
y dV : y ¨¨ h ¸¸ S
© 2 ¹ 32
5
or y h
16 W
a ª 2§ z· º
³ zELdV ³a z « h a z ¨1 a ¸ dz »
2
and
¬ © ¹ ¼
a
° 1 1ª z § z · º °½
a2 z 2 a4
3 3
h ® a 2 z 2 2
« a 2 z 2 2
a z2 sin 1 ¨ ¸ » ¾
¯° 3 a¬ 4 8 8 © a ¹ ¼ ¿°
a
a3h ª 1
sin 1 sin 1 1 º¼
8 ¬
§ S a 2h · S a3h
zV ³ zEL dV : z ¨¨ 2 ¸¸
© ¹ 8
a
or z
4W
PROBLEM 5.130
SOLUTION
1 14 u 20 280 7 10 1960 2800

S 4
2
2 16S 6 12 301.59 603.19
6 229.73 1658.41 2196.8
Then X 6A 6xA

X 229.73 in 2 1658.41 in 3
or X 7.22 in. W
and Y 6A 6yA

Y 229.73 in 2 2196.8 in 3
or Y 9.56 in. W
PROBLEM 5.131
For the area shown, determine the ratio a/b for which x y.
SOLUTION
A x y xA yA
2
2 3 3 ab 2ab 2
1 ab a b
3 8 5 4 5
1 1 2 a 2b ab 2
2 ab a b
2 3 3 6 3
1 a 2b ab 2
6 ab
6 12 15
Then X 6A 6xA
§1 · a 2b
X ¨ ab¸
©6 ¹ 12
1
or X a
2
Y 6A 6yA
§1 · ab 2
Y ¨ ab¸
©6 ¹ 15
2
or Y b
5
1 2
Now X Y a b
2 5
a 4
or W
b 5
PROBLEM 5.132
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm

1 126 u 54 6804 9 27 61 236 183 708
1
2 u 126 u 30 1890 30 64 56 700 120 960
2
1
3 u 72 u 1728 48 16 82 944 27 648
2
6 10 422 200 880 277 020
Then X 6A 6 xA

X 10 422 m 2 200 880 mm 2
or X 19.27 mm W
and Y 6A 6 yA

Y 10 422 m 2 270 020 mm3
or Y 26.6 mm W
PROBLEM 5.133
SOLUTION
By observation
h
y1 xh
a
§ x·
h ¨1 ¸
© a¹
For y2: At x 0, y h: h k 1 0 or k h
At x a, y 0: 0
h 1 ca 2 or C
1
a2
§ x2 ·
Then y2 h ¨¨1 2 ¸¸
© a ¹
ª§ x2 · § x ·º
Now dA y2 y1 dx h «¨¨1 2 ¸¸ ¨1 ¸ » dx
¬«© a ¹ © a ¹ »¼
§ x x2 ·
h ¨¨ 2 ¸¸ dx
©a a ¹
h ª§ x· § x2 · º
y1 y2
1
xEL x yEL «¨1 ¸ ¨1 2 ¸ »
2 2 ¬«© a¹ © a ¹ »¼
h§ x x2 ·
¨ 2 2¸
2© a a ¹
a
a § x x2 · ª x2 x3 º
Then A ³ dA ³h¨
0 ¨
2 ¸¸ dx h« 2»
©a a ¹ ¬ 2a 3a ¼ 0
1
ah
6
a
a ª § x x2 · º ª§ x 3 x4 ·º
and ³ x ELdA ³0 « ¨
x h¨ 2 ¸¸ dx » h «¨¨ 2 ¸¸ »
«¬ © a a ¹ ¼» ¬«© 3a 4a ¹ ¼» 0
1 2
a h
12
ah§ x x2 · ª § x x2 · º
³ y EL dA ³ 2¨ 2 «h dx »
0
© a a 2 ¸¹ ¬« ¨© a a 2 ¸¹ ¼»
h2 a § x x2 x4 ·
³ 2 3 dx
2 0 ¨© a a 2 a 4 ¸¹
a
h2 ª x2 x3 x5 º 1 2
« 2 4» ah
2 ¬a a 5a ¼0 10
§1 · 1 2 1
xA ³ x EL dA: x ¨© 6 ah¸¹ 12
a h x
2
aW
§1 · 1 2 3
yA ³ y EL dA: y ¨© 6 ah¸¹ 10
a h y
5
hW
PROBLEM 5.134
Member ABCDE is a component of a mobile and is formed from a single
piece of aluminum tubing. Knowing that the member is supported at C
and that l = 2 m, determine the distance d so that portion BCD of the
member is horizontal.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the component
must lie on a vertical line through C. Further, because the tubing is
uniform, the center of gravity of the component will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding line. Thus, X 0
So that 6 xL 0
§ 0.75 ·
Then ¨ d cos 55q ¸ m u 0.75 m
© 2 ¹
0.75 d m u 1.5 m
ª §1 ·º
«1.5 d m ¨ u 2 m u cos 55q ¸ » u 2 m 0
¬ ©2 ¹¼
ª1 º
or 0.75 1.5 2 d « 2 0.75 2 » cos 55q 0.75 1.5 3
2
¬ ¼
or d 0.739 m W
PROBLEM 5.135
A cylindrical hole is drilled through the center of a steel ball bearing
shown here in cross section. Denoting the length of the hole by L, show
that the volume of the steel remaining is equal to the volume of a sphere
of diameter L.
SOLUTION
Calculate volumes by rotating cross sections about a line and using Theorem II of Pappus-Guldinus
2R sin D
For the sector: y AA A D R2
3D
2
§L· 1 2 1
For the triangle: h R2 ¨ ¸ 4R 2 L2 y AA h 4R 2 L2 ,
©2¹ 2 3 3
1
A L h
2
1
L 4R 2 L2
4
Using Theorem II of Pappus-Guldinus
Vball 2S y AA 1 A1 2S y AA 2 A2
ª 2 R sin D ·º
2S «
¬ 3D
§1
·§ 1
D R 2 ¨ 4R 2 L2 ¸¨ L 4R 2 L2 ¸ »
©3 ¹© 4 ¹¼
ª2
2S « R3 sin D
¬ 3
L
12

º
4 R 2 L2 »
¼

L
Now R sin D
2
ª2 § L · 1 1 3º
Then V 2S « ¨ ¸ R 2 LR 2 L»
¬3 © 2 ¹ 3 12 ¼
S
L3
6
4
Note Vsphere Sr where r is the radius
3
3
L 4 §L· S
If r , then Vsphere S¨ ¸ L3
2 3 ©2¹ 6
S
Therefore, Vball Vsphere L3 Q.E.D.
W
6
PROBLEM 5.136
beam supports.
SOLUTION
(a) Have RI 4 m 200 N/m 800 N

2
RII 4 m 600 N/m 1600 N
3
Then 6Fy : R RI RII
or R 800 1600 2400 N
and 6M A: X 2400 2 800 2.5 1600
7
or X m
3
?R 2400 N , X 2.33 m W
(b) Reactions
6Fx 0: Ax 0
§7 ·
6M A 0: 4 m By ¨ m¸ 2400 N 0
©3 ¹
or By 1400 N
6Fy 0: Ay 1400 N 2400 N 0
or Ay 1000 N
?A 1000 N , B W
1400 N
PROBLEM 5.137
SOLUTION
1
2
1
2
RIII 2 ft 600 lb/ft 1200 lb
Then 6Fx 0: Bx 0
6M B 0: 2 ft 720 lb 4 ft 1800 lb
6 ft Cy 7 ft 1200 lb 0
or Cy 2360 1b C W
2360 lb
6Fy 0: 720 lb By 1800 lb 2360 lb 1200 lb 0
or By 1360 lb B W
1360 lb
PROBLEM 5.138
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide with
the centroid of the corresponding area.
1.2
1
yI 0.4 m
3
3.6 1.2 m
1
zI
3
4 1.8 2.4
xIII m
3S S
A, m 2 x, m y, m z, m xA, m3 yA, m3 zA, m3
3.6 1.2 2.16

1
I 1.5 0.4 1.2 3.24 0.864 2.592
2
II 3.61.7 6.12 0.75 0.4 1.8 4.59 2.448 11.016
S
1.8 2
2.4
III 5.0894 0.8 1.8 3.888 4.0715 9.1609
2 S
6 13.3694 3.942 5.6555 22.769
Have X 6V
6xV : X 13.3694 m 2 3.942 m3
or X 0.295 m W
Y 6V
6yV : Y 13.3694 m 2
5.6555 m 3
or Y 0.423 m W
Z 6V
6 zV : Z 13.3694 m 2 22.769 m3
or Z 1.703 m W
PROBLEM 5.139
The composite body shown is formed by removing a semiellipsoid of
revolution of semimajor axis h and semiminor axis a2 from a hemisphere of
radius a. Determine (a) the y coordinate of the centroid when h = a/2, (b)
the ratio h/a for which y 0.4a.
SOLUTION
V y yV
2 3 3 1
Hemisphere Sa a Sa 4
3 8 4
2
2 §a· 1 3 1
Semiellipsoid S¨ ¸ h Sa 2 h h Sa 2 h 2
3 ©2¹ 6 8 16
S S
Then 6V
6
a 2 4a h 6yV
16

a 2 4a 2 h 2
Now Y 6V 6 yV
ªS S
so that
¬6
º
Y « a 2 4a h »
¼

16

a 2 4a 2 h 2
3 ª
2º
§ h· § h·
or Y ¨4 ¸ a «4 ¨ ¸ » (1)
© a¹ 8 «¬ © a¹ »¼
a
(a) Y ? when h
2
h 1
a 2
3 ª
2º
§ 1· §1·
Y ¨4 ¸ a «4 ¨ ¸ »
© 2¹ 8 «¬ ©2¹ »¼
45
or Y a Y 0.402a W
112
h
(b) ? when Y 0.4a
a
3 ª
2º
0.4a §¨ 4
h· §h·
¸ a «4 ¨ ¸ »
© a¹ 8 «¬ ©a¹ »¼
2
§ h· § h·
or 3 ¨ ¸ 3.2 ¨ ¸ 0.8 0
© a¹ © a¹
3.2 r 3.2 4 3 0.8

2
h
Then
a 2 3
3.2 r 0.8
6
h 2 h 2
or and W
a 5 a 3
PROBLEM 5.140
A thin steel wire of uniform cross section is bent into the shape shown.
Locate its center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the wire is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
x1 0.3sin 60q 0.15 3 m

z1 0.3cos 60q 0.15 m
§ 0.6sin 30q ·
x2 ¨¨ S
¸¸ sin 30q
© 6 ¹
0.9
m
S
§ 0.6sin 30q ·
z2 ¨¨ S
¸¸ cos 30q
© 6 ¹
0.9
3m
S
§S ·
L2 ¨ ¸ 0.6 0.2S m
©3¹
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m 2 yL, m 2 zL, m 2

1 1.0 0.15 3 0.4 0.15 0.25981 0.4 0.15
0.9 0.9 3
2 0.2S 0 0.18 0 0.31177
S S
3 0.8 0 0.4 0.6 0 0.32 0.48
4 0.6 0 0.8 0.3 0 0.48 0.18
¦ 3.0283 0.43981 1.20 1.12177
Have X 6L 6 x L: X 3.0283 m 0.43981 m 2 or X 0.1452 m W
Y 6L 6 yL: Y 3.0283 m 1.20 m 2 or Y 0.396 m W
Z 6L 6 z L: Z 3.0283 m 1.12177 m 2 or Z 0.370 m W

PROBLEM 5.141
about the x axis.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies y 0W
and z 0W
k X h
2
Have y
k h
2
At x 0, y a: a
a
or k
h2
Then
dV S r 2dx, X EL x
x h2
a
Now r
h2
a2
so that dV S x h4 dx
h4
a2 S a2 ª 5º
h
³0 S h 4 x h dx
h 4
Then V 4 «
x h »
5h ¬ ¼0
1 2
Sa h
5
h ª a2 º
4
x h dx »
4
and ³ x EL dV ³x S
0 «
¬ h ¼
S
a2 h 5
h 4 ³0
x 4hx 4 6h 2 x3 4h3 x 2 h 4 x dx
h
a2 ª 1 4 3 4 1 º
S 4 « x 6 hx5 h 2 x 4 h3 x3 h 4 x 2 »
h ¬6 5 2 3 2 ¼0
1
S a 2h 2
30
§S · S 2 2
Now xV ³ x EL dV : x ¨ a 2h ¸ a h
© 5 ¹ 30
1
or x hW
6

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PROBLEM 5.

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

2 105 u 75 7875 112.5 37.5 885 900 295 300

6 10 125 975 900 351 600

6xA 975 900 mm3

For the area as a whole, it can be concluded by observation that

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

6 xA 905 400 mm3

6 yA 2 201 400 mm3

6 131.1 94.5 445.5

First note that symmetry implies X Y

First note that symmetry implies X 0 W

or 16 p 2  (16  9S) p  (16  9S) 0

(16  9S) r (16  9S) 2  4(16)(16  9S)

First, determine the location of the centroid.

r23  r13 r2  r1 r22  r1 r2  r12

First note that symmetry implies X 0 W

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 (40)(90) 3600 15 20 54 000 72 000

6 6396 101 250 21 375

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

6 533.3 17 067 10 667

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

6 15 000 900 000 1 944 000

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

6 226.71 1350 3267

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

6 37.33 120 123.73

or Qx 2 25.0 u 103 mm3 W

This result is expected since x is a centroidal axis thus y 0

First, locate the position y of the figure.

2 150 u 80 16 000 160 2 560 000

6 32 000 4 640 000

Which is expected since Qx 6 yA yA and y 0,

(a) With Qx 6 yA and using Fig. 5.8 A,

28.82 in 3  8.921 in 3  9.75 in 3

L, in. x , in. y , in. xL, in 2 yL, in 2

X 72 in. 336 in 2 or X 4.67 in. W

Y (72 in.) 480 in 2 or Y 6.67 in. W

X (441.05 mm) 40 680 mm 2 or X 92.2 mm W

Y (441.05 mm) 14 289 mm 2 Y 32.4 mm W

1 122  62 13.416 6 3 80.50 40.25

5 62  92 10.817 4.5 3 48.67 32.45

X (77.233 mm) 111.32 mm 2 or X 1.441 mm W

Y (77.233 mm) 982.7 mm 2 or Y 12.72 mm W

L, in. y , in. yL, in 2

Y (35.416 in.) 104 in 2 or Y 2.94 in. W

(b) 6Fx 0: Ax  1.4698 N cos 60q 0

6Fy 0: Ay  7.358 N  1.4698 N sin 60q 0

or Ay 6.085 N thus A 6.13 N 83.1q W

with roots l1 12.77 and 24.77.

L  4 in. 8 in.  4 in. 10 in.

or L2 144 in 2 or L 12.00 in. W

Expanding (2) 2c]  2] 2

2 1  0.2  4 1  0.2  4 0.2 1  0.2

2 1  0.6  4 1  0.6  4 0.6 1  0.6

Then from Eq. (2)

Then, replacing the right-hand side of (1) by 2] , from Eq. (3)

a/2 x1/2 a § x1/2 x 1 ·

a/2 § x1/2 · a ª § x1/2 x 1 · º

Now xEL r cos T and dL rd T

Now xEL a cos3 T and dL dx 2  dy 2

or 16 p 2 (16 9S) p (16 9S) 0

(16 9S) r (16 9S) 2 4(16)(16 9S)

r23 r13 r2 r1 r22 r1 r2 r12

1 (40)(90) 3600 15 20 54 000 72 000

6 6396 101 250 21 375

or Qx 2 25.0 u 103 mm3 W

2 150 u 80 16 000 160 2 560 000

28.82 in 3 8.921 in 3 9.75 in 3

1 122 62 13.416 6 3 80.50 40.25

5 62 92 10.817 4.5 3 48.67 32.45

(b) 6Fx 0: Ax 1.4698 N cos 60q 0

6Fy 0: Ay 7.358 N 1.4698 N sin 60q 0

with roots l1 12.77 and 24.77.

L 4 in.8 in. 4 in.10 in.

Expanding (2) 2c] 2] 2

2 1 0.2 4 1 0.2 4 0.2 1 0.2

2 1 0.6 4 1 0.6 4 0.6 1 0.6

Now xEL a cos3 T and dL dx 2 dy 2

Where x a cos3 T : dx 3a cos2 T sin T dT

³ xELdA: x 133.623a 1239.26a3 9.27a W

Area 2 Aside 2 Aend 2 CL 2 S RC 2 L S RC

2 ª¬10 in. S 3 in. º¼ ª¬S 4 in. º¼

ª 0.6 mm 0.60 0.75 ·

Have Vwaste Vblank Vtop

Vtop ªS 529 mm 2 u 18 mm º ªS 535 mm 2 u 12 mm º

? Vwaste 9.0750 8.8671S u 106 mm3

Have a 3.0755 in. 2.958 in. 0.1175 in.

Then 2D 26D 9.5941D 16.4059D or D 8.20295D 0.143169 rad

Eq. (2) a 15 156.25k

6Fy 0: Ay 1800 lb 0, Ay 1800 lb ?A 1800 lb W

MA 19.444 lb ft or M A 19.44 kip ft W

or R 1800 N 1800 N 3600 N

6M A : x 3600 N 3 m 1800 N 4.5 m 1800 N

6Fy 0: Ay 2250 N 3600 N

6M A 0: 2 ft 400 lb 4 ft 600 lb 12 ft 800 lb 10 ft By 0

6Fy 0: Ay 800 lb 400 lb 600 lb 800 0

6M A 0: 4.5 ft 1800 lb 10 ft 300 lb 9 ft By 0

6Fy 0: Ay 1800 lb 300 lb 1233.3 lb 0

6M A 0: M A 0.8 m 12 N 0.22 m 40 N 0.38 m 18 N

6M B 0: 3 m Ay 2.1 m 3600 N 2.4 m 4050 N

6Fy 0: 270 N 3600 N 4050 N By 0

6Fy 0: Ay 2667 N 666.7 N 0

6M A 0: M A 1 m 2667 N 5.5 m 666.7 N

6M A 0: 11B 5 ft 800 lb 4 ft 3200 lb 0

6Fy 0: Ay 3200 lb 800 lb 800 lb 0

Now Ay By Ay By 120 20a (1)

Eq. (1) Ay By 120 20 1.61 152.2 lb

6Fy 0: Ay ª¬60 3.00 º¼ lb ª¬ 240 20 3.00 º¼ lb 150 lb 0

6Fy 0: By 9 kN 13.5 kN 15.4583 0

(a) Then 6M C 0: 50 kN m 5 m ª¬ 4.5 3.5 w0 kN º¼ 3.5 m 9w0 kN 0

so w0 3.1944 kN/m w0 3.19 kN/m W

6Fy 0: 4.5 3.5 3.19 kN 9 3.19 kN C y 0

Then 6M C 0: 0.6 m ª¬1.2 wA kN º¼ 0.6 m ª¬ 0.45 wA kN/m º¼