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RELIABILITY AND
SERVICEABILITY
ASSESSMENT OF
IN-SERVICE LONG-
SPAN BRIDGES
MULTI-SCALE
RELIABILITY AND
SERVICEABILITY
ASSESSMENT OF
IN-SERVICE LONG-
SPAN BRIDGES
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
KEYWORDS
List of Figures xi
Introduction
1.1 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
1.2 STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, very limited and scarce research
work has been reported in the literature on the probabilistic dynamic anal-
ysis of long-span bridges subjected to combined stochastic traffic and
wind excitations, which is extremely important for the safety of long-span
bridges. Furthermore, most dynamic analyses reported in this area have
focused on time domain analysis, because of the nature of time-varying
differential equations in the interaction system, while very limited devel-
opments have been done in the frequency domain. However, incorporat-
ing the random vibration in the aforementioned coupled system, which
requires and necessitates the use of spectral analysis, is more important
and results in more valuable information in the frequency domain.
First-passage principle and fatigue damage principle are two main assump-
tions for structural dynamic reliability evaluation. The first-passage reli-
ability can be described as estimating the probability that a random process
exceeds a prescribed threshold during an interval of time. Knowledge of
this probability is essential for estimating the reliability of a structural
dynamic system whose response is a stochastic process. The fatigue dam-
age criterion should be adopted for the accumulated fatigue damage at
the critical regions of a structure such as connections and joints. This
topic will be discussed in more details in the next section. The classical
first-passage criterion was originally proposed by Rice [24] based on the
random vibration and extreme value distribution theory. Mathematical
formulations for the number of times that the structural responses cross
the limits were also established by Rice. A well-known crossing process
is the Rayleigh distribution as the extreme value distribution of a nar-
row-banded Gaussian stochastic process. The Poisson’s assumption and
the Vanmarcke’s assumption were widely used for general stochastic pro-
cesses in engineering structure [25]. However, these assumptions come
more from intuition or empirical approaches, rather than from theoreti-
cal basis. For this reason, several researchers developed approaches for
the improvement of the assumptions that were based on empirical work.
A joint first-passage probability method was proposed to evaluate the
reliability of linear engineering systems composed of several interdepen-
dent components by Song and Der [26]. For nonlinear dynamic systems,
Cai and Lin [27], investigated the first passage problem using stochastic
averaging. Noori, et al. [28] introduced the first-passage study of a highly
Introduction • 7
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Introduction • 9
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10 • BRIDGE RELIABILITY AND SERVICEABILITY
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Introduction • 11
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Index
L computational framework,
LEFM. See Linear elastic fracture 72–74
mechanics Rice’s level-crossing formula,
Lifetime maximum deflection 70–72
assessment, 111–114 on two cable-supported bridges
Limit state function, 25–27, 36 probabilistic estimation,
Linear elastic fracture mechanics 77–81
(LEFM), 8 stochastic traffic load
Long-span bridges simulation, WIM
case study measurements, 74–76
extreme deflection, dynamic Probability density functions
traffic loads, 106–111 (PDFs), 18, 35
lifetime maximum deflection
assessment, 111–114 R
weigh-in-motion Rice formula, 93–95
measurements, 105–106 Rice’s extrapolation accounting,
deflection extrapolation, 96–98
102–104 Rice’s level-crossing formula,
dynamic performance of, 4–6 70–72
serviceability of, 89 Rice’s level crossing theory, 50–52
traffic loading behavior, 90–91 Road-roughness coefficient (RRC),
Long-span cable-stayed bridge, 93
132–137 RRC. See Road-roughness
coefficient
M
Monte Carlo simulation S
for long-span bridges, 4–5 SHM. See Structural health
stochastic traffic load simulation, monitoring
48–50 Short-span cable-stayed bridge,
128–132
N Simplified traffic-bridge
Nonstationary traffic load effects, interaction formulation, 69–70
90 Simulated stochastic fatigue truck
load model, 19–20
P S-N (stress-life) curve approach,
Parallel wire cable strength model, 25–26
121–122 Steel box-girder bridges, 7–8
Parametric studies, 82–84 Steel girders, 13
PDFs. See Probability density Stochastic fatigue truck load
functions model
Probabilistic analysis, 30–36 currently used, 16–17
Probabilistic modeling, 23–24 in design specifications, 16–17
first-passage probability, 54–57 proposed, 17–20
traffic load effects, 54–57 simulated, 19–20
146 • Index