Table 2 Total Hardness Concentration in Each Sample

Voume of Water Used 5.000 ml Total Hardn

Concentration of EDTA 0.005 N
250.00
Sample Name EDTA Read EDTA Read after Titration EDTA Volume used Total 200.00
before for Titration Hardness 150.00

Conentration (mL)
Titration (mg/L of 100.00
CaCO3) 50.00
0.00
er
Deionized Water 40.09 40.19 0.10 10.00 at
W
d
Crystal Geyser 40.19 41.01 0.82 82.00 i ze
n
Evian 41.01 43.20 2.19 219.00 io
De
Arrowhead 43.02 45.30 2.28 228.00
Tap Water 45.30 46.80 1.50 150.00

Table 3 Total Hardness Concentration after Ion Exchange - PFR

Voume of Water Used 20.00 ml
Concentration of EDTA 0.005 N

Resins (grams) EDTA Read EDTA read after Titration EDTA volume used Total Hardness
before (purple red to blue) (mL) for Titration (mL) hardness Removal
Titration (mL) (mg/L of (%)
CaCO3)

0.00 38.20 38.20 0.00 0.00 100.00

0.50 38.20 40.93 2.73 68.25 16.77
2.00 25.60 27.95 2.35 58.75 28.35
5.00 27.95 28.95 1.00 25.00 69.51
10.00 40.93 41.21 0.28 7.00 91.46

Table 4 Total Hardness Concentration after Ion Exchange - CSTR

Voume of Water Used 20.00 ml
Concentration of EDTA 0.005 N

Resins (grams) EDTA Read EDTA read after Titration EDTA volume used Total Hardness
before (purple red to blue) (mL) for Titration (mL) hardness Removal
Titration (mL) (mg/L of (%)
CaCO3)

0.00 10.40 14.10 3.70 92.50 -12.80

0.50 41.21 43.72 2.51 62.75 23.48
2.00 28.95 31.40 2.35 58.75 28.35
5.00 11.10 13.45 2.35 58.75 28.35
10.00 13.45 16.15 2.70 67.50 17.68
Total Hardness Concentrati on for each
250.00
200.00
150.00
Conentration (mL)

100.00
50.00
0.00
er e r
ia
n ad er
at ys Ev he at
d
W
l Ge w p
W
ze ta ro Ta
i ys Ar
i on Cr
De
Sample Name

Tota l Ha rdnes s (mg/L of Ca CO3)

mass of resins vs. Hardness Removal

100.00
90.00
80.00
Hardnes s Remova l (%)

70.00
PFT
60.00
Exponential (PFT)
50.00
CSTR
40.00
Exponential (CSTR)
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
ma s s of resi ns (grams )