PARASITE

GENITOURINARY

Departemen Mikrobiologi dan Parasitologi Kedokteran

Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
dr. Paramita Septianawati
HISTORY

 Once known as bilharzia. It was named after Theodor Maximilian Bilharz.

 1st to describe the ailment in men in 1851 at the Kasr-el-Aini in Cairo, Egypt.
 Schistosome eggs were found in ancient Chinese and Egyptian mummies by Sir Armand Ruffer in
1910 (SRG).
 S. haematobium, first species to be discovered.
 S. japonicum, named by Fijiro Katsurada, Professor of Medicine at Okayama Medical School.
 S. mansoni, discovered in 1907.
 S. mekongi, officially named in 1978.
 S. intercalatum, officially named in 1934.
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharziasis, snail fever, and
Katayama fever.
• It is a major parasitic disease in the world, with about 237 million
infections.
• It is caused by parasitic worms Schistosoma.
• The disease is most commonly found in Africa, Asia and South
America.
INCIDENCE
Species Geographical distribution

Intestinal S. S. mansoni Africa, Middle East,

Caribbean, Brazil,
Venezuela, Suriname
S. japonicum China, Indonesia,
Philippines
S. mekongi Cambodia, Lao
S. intercalatum Rainforests of central
Africa
Urogenital S. S. haematobium Africa, Middle East

Mainly anyone in contact/sustained with infested waters.

ie. Farmers, women washing clothes, and children
EVIDENCE OF DISEASE
(SYMPTOMS/DIAGNOSIS)

• Caused by body’s reaction to the worms’ eggs,

not the worms.
• Symptoms: • Diagnosed by finding the parasite eggs in stool
or urine samples.
• Abdominal pain
• Filtration using nylon, paper, or other special
• Hematuria
filters are used
• Fibrosis of the bladder and ureter
• Staining the fecal or urine samples are also used
• Vaginal bleeding
• infertility
TRANSMISSION

• Larva will burrow into human host’s skin

• Then, go on to live in the blood vessels and
mate and deposit thousands/millions of eggs
• Schistosoma haematobium inhabits the vesical and
pelvic venous plexuses.
• Infection is by direct skin contact with water
contaminated by cercariae.
• Egg granuloma is the main pathologic lesion.
• Squamous cell bladder carcinoma is a major
sequelae of urinary schistosomiasis.
Siput Bullinus sp.
TREATMENT
 Praziquantel
 It is effective, safe and low-
cost.
 Re-infection may occur after
treatment, the risk of
developing severe disease is
diminished and even
reversed when treatment is
initiated in childhood.
Comes in forms for human and for fish
tanks/ponds
 Terima Kasih

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. SUTANTO, I; ISMID, IS; SJARIFUDDIN, PK; DAN
SUNGKAR, S. 2008. BUKU AJAR PARASITOLOGI
KEDOKTERAN EDISI KEEMPAT. FKUI.
2. SOEDARTO. 2011. BUKU AJAR PARASITOLOGI. JAKARTA
: SAGUNG SETO.