TASK GIS PROF.

RODEHORST

TASK FOR:

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND BUILDING

STOCK SURVEY

SUBMITED BY:

DANIEL ALEJANDRO ARCINIEGA LARREA

Matri. No. 119206

PROFESSOR:

DR.-ING. VOLKER RODEHORST

BAUHAUS UNIVERSITÄT WEIMAR

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NHRE MASTER PROGRAM
WEIMAR 2018

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1 GENERAL GEODETIC BASICS
The fundamental basis on which the geodetic and cartographic activities are carried out
is defined through a Geodetic System, which provides the reference platform for the
location of point coordinates within a spatial surface.

1.1 What are the general geodetic basics that are used in your country?
Which coordinate system(s) and geodetic datum(s) are generally
applied for the elevation and for the location system?

In Ecuador the Military Geographical Institute (I.G.M.), institution in charged, uses the
SIRGAS-ECUADOR as the general geodetic basics as follow:

• Frame of Reference: SIRGAS 95 ITRF94

• Time of reference: 1995.4
• Ellipsoid: GRS 80

Ecuador in the Regulations of the Law of National Cartography, adopted in the year 1992
the PSAD56 system (Provisional South American Datum 1956) as the country's reference
system, basis on which they developed the cartographic activities of those days.
However, with different needs presented by the users and with the technological advance,
forced to the I.G.M. to work in a system that is compatible with the new satellite techniques
as the GPS to elaborate the national cartography, adopting institutionally SIRGAS Project
(Geocentric Reference System for the Americas) as the reference system and
determine the National GPS of Ecuador (RENAGE) linked to the System Geodetic
Reference ITRS (International Terrestrial Reference System), maintained by the IERS
(International Earth rotation and reference systems Service) which guarantees that it will
always be updated according to the georeferencing requirements of the new millennium.
The SIRGAS geodesic datum is defined by origin, orientation and scale of the SIRGAS
system (ITRS). The conversion of geocentric coordinates to Geographical coordinates
are advanced using the parameters of the ellipsoid GRS80. This system is also
compatible with WGS-84, therefore for location, Longitude and Latitude coordinates
are used. For the Elevation, SIRGAS has different point of reference in every country. In
Ecuador the point of reference for elevation is the mean sea level which is in “La Libertad”
(Coast of Ecuador).

1.2 Cartographic basics

Name the generally used units (m, km, mi, ...) in maps, plans and cadasters.
Which scales are used for printed and digital maps, especially for the ranges
from 1: 5.000 to 1: 25.000 or 1: 50.000.

Generally used units:

In Ecuador, depending on the area that need to be covered the maps generally uses
kilometers and meters as the units.

• Kilometers: for large areas (regions, provinces and cities).

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 • Meters: for small and specific areas (cadasters, structural engineering plans,
architectural plans, etc.).

Generally used scales:

In terms of range of scales:

1. Large scales: 1:25.000, 1:10.000, 1:5.000, 1:1000.

2. Medium scales: between 1:25.000 to 1:250.000.
3. Small scales: 1:250.000, 1:500.000, 1:1’000.000, 1:2’000.000.

Printed and digital maps:

Scales Description
1:500 or less Houses plans, structural plans, architectural maps
1:1000 Cadaster´s maps
1:5.000 Town´s maps
1:18.000 to 1:20.000 Cities plans (Quito, Guayaquil)
1:25.000 Main Topographic map
1:50.000 National Topographic map
1:100.000 to 1:250.000 Region Topographic map
1:250.000 to 1:800.000 Provinces maps
Geographic map, Political map, Road map and Official
1:500.000 to 1:1’000.000
map of Ecuador

1.3 Availability of maps

Please find out what maps are available in your country. On what geodetic system
(geodetic datum, coordinate system) these maps are based. Search within the
range starting from the micro-scale level of one building -> urban quarter -> village
/ city to macro-scale level of a province or the whole country.

In Ecuador, the Military Geographical Institute (IGM) has implemented the Spatial Data
Infrastructure (IDE) to develop Cartographic-Geographic applications supported by
technological advances, which contribute to national development. Resulting in the
GEOPORTAL which is a type of web portal used for search and access of geographic
information (geospatial information) and associated geographic services (visualization,
editing, analysis, etc.) through the internet.

The available maps in the IGM portal are from cadasters, villages, towns and city plans
to provinces, regions and the country maps, also, it has maps of topography, geography,
geology, rivers, lakes, mountains, volcanos, etc. The SIRGAS geodesic datum is defined
by origin, orientation and scale of the SIRGAS system (ITRS). The conversion of
geocentric coordinates to Geographical coordinates are advanced using the parameters
of the ellipsoid GRS80. This system is also compatible with WGS-84, therefore for
location, Longitude and Latitude coordinates are used.

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 The maps available from the micro-scale level to the macro-scale level are:

1. Cities, towns plans 1:5.000

2. Topography maps 1:25.000
3. Province maps 1:250.000
4. Geographic map 1:500.000
5. Galapagos Island region map 1:800.000
6. Ecuador Boundaries map 1:’1000.000

What new forms of digital maps (Google Earth, Open Street Map) are available and
how complete are these datasets. What are the costs for these maps? Are there
digital rights you have to respect?

The Military Geographical Institute (IGM) through the GEOPORTAL has all the maps
available in Google Earth link (.kml), shapefile (.shp) and picture format (.jpg). In the
GEOPORTAL there are a base of more than 1000 maps most of them completed and for
free. In order to get the shape files in 1:50.000, 1:250.000 and 1:1’000.000 scale a form
need to be filled. The shape files are codified in UTF-8 and contains from islands and
airports to the coast and international limits. Nevertheless, the IGM has a catalog of
services that could has a cost depending of what is request; one example of the services
is the emission of data and terrestrial information obtained from active sensors or passive
airborne as well as terrestrial, for the development and defence.

Concerning to the rights to respect the Military Geographical Institute grants a License
for Access and Free Use of Digital Geographic Information: National Base scale 1:
1'100,000, Regional Base scale 1: 250,000, Base Galapagos scale 1: 25,000 and Digital
Elevation Model, with the purpose of encourage and promote the use of Spatial Data
Infrastructures and will be for your exclusive use, non-transferable and non-profit. The
sale, donation, assignment under sub-license, lease, public loan, commercialization or in
any other known way or by knowing of transfer of the property is prohibited. The source
of the information used must be cited, both for the original data and for the products
derived from it or its treatment, making it clear that the Military Geographical Institute is
the author and owner of the base geographic data.

Other
Respos. Geo. Coordinate Printed/
Topic Scale Complet. Charge Important
Institution Datum System Digital
Information
WGS-
84 1:50.000,
Geoportal- Latitude/
Geology UTM 1:100.000, Digital 100% Free .pdf
IGM Longitude
ZONE 1:1’000.000
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1:500.000, Free/ In 1:500.000
Latitude/ Digital 100%
Topography ‘’ ‘’ 1:1’000.000, Paid/ some zones are
Longitude /Printed (Printed)
1:2’000.000 Reserv. reserved.
Geoportal EPSG:
Cadaster ‘’ 1:250.000 Digital 100% Free online
SMI-Q 32717
Road map of Geoportal- Latitude/
Ecuador IGM
‘’
Longitude
1:1’000.000 Digital 100% Free .jpg

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 Latitude/ 1:18.000- .jpg (Guayaquil
City Plans ‘’ ‘’ Digital 100% Free
Longitude 1:20.000 and Quito)
Thematic
Latitude/ 1:250.000-
Provinces ‘’ ‘’ Digital 100% Free 24 maps, .jpg
Longitude 1:800.000
Maps
Geographical
EPSG:
Map of ‘’ ‘’ 1:1’100.000 Digital 100% Free .jpg
24877
Ecuador
Physical Map EPSG:
‘’ ‘’ 1:1’100.000 Digital 100% Free .jpg
of Ecuador 24877
Political Map EPSG:
‘’ ‘’ 1:1’100.000 Digital 100% Free .jpg
of Ecuador 24877

1.4 Conclusions for the work with these maps

The Spatial Data Infrastructure (IDEs), day by day has aroused the interest of the users,
since it has become a tool of interoperability of geographic (spatial) information very used
and efficient, that is why the Military Geographic Institute (IGM) has implemented its
Institutional IDE and has developed Cartographic-Geographic applications supported by
technological advances, which contribute to national development; The Geoportal is the
IDE of the IGM. The Geoportal in Ecuador was integrated to facilitate the production,
access and use of regional, national or local geoinformation, to support the social,
economic and environmental development of the peoples.

Ecuador through IGM has worked out well about moving to new systems as technology
has improved. Adopting new Systems of reference as SIRGAS which help us to be in the
international network to interchange data from other countries for different purposes.
SIRGAS has given a useful and important data in real time. That why all kinds of maps
available can be used for research, educational, controlling geo-information purposes in
different subjects such as geodetic, cadasters, technological development. The data
available on line is focused on educational and touristic purposes rather than on research
purposes, and therefore they offer these data in special scales. For investigation
purposes the data is available on line, but you need to fill a form explained for which type
of project are you using the information. The digital data are for free in the Geoportal, but
the printed data is just available in the institution and has a cost. The Geoportal has the
information is in many different format (.jpg, .png, .pdf, .shp, .kml and .dwg) and is easy
to download. Also offers manuals to use the Geoportal and how the Geodetic Datum and
Coordinated system are used.

2 Bibliography
Zurita L., Patricio J. “INFORME TECNICO PARA LA ADOPCION DEL MARCO
GEODESICO DE REFERENCIA NACIONAL SIRGAS – ECUADOR.”
http://sni.gob.ec/documentos-geograficos, November 1, 2011. http://app.sni.gob.ec/sni-
link/sni/PORTAL_SNI/PORTAL/IG/2_Informe_tecnico_adopcion_sirgas.pdf.

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Zurita L., Patricio J. “ADOPCION DEL NUEVO MARCO DE REFERENCIA PARA EL
ECUADOR.” 37a_Zurita_et_al_Reporte_Ecuador.PDF.
http://www.sirgas.org/fileadmin/docs/Boletines/Bol15/. Accessed January 7, 2018.
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Geoinformación –, Geoportal Ecuador. “Maps for download: Road maps, provinces maps and
city plans.” Accessed January 7, 2018.
http://www.geoportaligm.gob.ec/portal/index.php/descargas/geoinformacion/.

Instituto Geográfico Militar. “Manual guía del Usuario para el ingreso al Geoportal del Instituto
Geográfico Militar.” http://www.geoportaligm.gob.ec, 2013.
http://www.geoportaligm.gob.ec/portal/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Manual_GEOPORTAL.pdf.

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January 8, 2018. http://www.geoportaligm.gob.ec/portal/index.php/descargas/cartografia-de-
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http://www.igm.gob.ec/index.php/en/servicios/servicios-tramites-requerimientos.

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Accessed January 22, 2018. https://www.geoinvestigacion.gob.ec/mapas-geologicos-2017/.