VOCABULARY 1

1. abdominal muscle 6. tai chi

the muscles of the abdomen a Chinese system of slow meditative physical exercise designed for
Partial sit-ups or crunches strengthen the abdominal muscles. relaxation and balance and health
Yoga, Tai Chi, Chi Kung.
2. physical therapy
therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other 7. flexibility
modalities the property of being easily bent or shaped
Exercise and Physical Therapy Repetition is the key to increasing flexibility, building endurance, and
The Role of Physical Therapy strengthening the specific muscles needed to support and neutralize
the spine.
Physical therapy with a trained professional may be useful if pain
has not improved after 3 - 4 weeks. 8. lumbar
of or relating to or near the part of the back between the ribs and the
3. overexertion hipbones
excessive exertion Exercises called lumbar extension strength training are proving to
In fact, overexertion may cause further harm. be effective.

4. rehabilitation program 9. incremental

a program for restoring someone to good health increasing gradually by regular degrees or additions
Beginning after 4 - 8 weeks of pain, however, a rehabilitation An incremental aerobic exercise program (such as walking, stationary
programmay benefit the patient. biking, and swimming) may begin within 2 weeks of symptoms.

5. subacute 10. originate in

less than acute come from
Exercise and Acute or Subacute Back Pain Practices originating in Asia that combine low-impact physical
Exercise does not help acute back pain. movements and meditation may be very helpful.
11. stabilization 17. toned
the act of keeping something from fluctuating having or distinguished by a tone; often used in combination
Spine Stabilization and Strength Training. Patients should avoid exercises that put the lower back under
pressure until the back muscles are well toned.
12. chi
the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet 18. alleviate
Yoga, Tai Chi, Chi Kung. provide physical relief, as from pain
The pelvic tilt alleviates tight or fatigued lower back muscles.
13. behavioral
of or relating to behavior 19. mobility
Exercise may also be effective when combined with a psychological the quality of moving freely
and motivational program, such as cognitive- behavioral therapy. Generally, these exercises attempt to strengthen the abdomen, improve
lower back mobility, strength, and endurance, and enhance
14. tilt flexibility in the hip, the hamstring muscles, and the tendons at the
lean over; tip back of the thigh.
Pelvic Tilt.
20. crunch
15. neutralize reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading
make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of Partial sit-ups or crunches strengthen the abdominal muscles.
Repetition is the key to increasing flexibility, building endurance, and
strengthening the specific muscles needed to support 21. disability
and neutralize the spine. when one cannot perform due to physical or mental unfitness
In this way, the positive benefits of exercise not only affect strength and
16. gymnastic flexibility but also alter and improve patients' attitudes toward
of or relating to or used in exercises intended to develop strength theirdisability and pain.
and agility
Medical research has shown that pregnant women who engaged in 22. vulnerable
a watergymnastics program have less back pain and are able to capable of being wounded or hurt
continue working longer. People vulnerable to back pain should avoid activities that put undue
stress on the lower back or require sudden twisting movements,
such as football, golf, ballet, and weight lifting.
23. yoga 29. improving
discipline training the consciousness for spiritual insight getting higher or more vigorous
Yoga, Tai Chi, Chi Kung. Specific and regular exercise under the guidance of a trained
professional is important for reducing pain and improving function,
24. beneficial although patients often find it difficult to maintain therapy.
promoting or enhancing well-being
Exercise and Chronic Back Pain 30. fatigued
Exercise plays a very beneficial role in chronic back pain. drained of energy or effectiveness
The pelvic tilt alleviates tight or fatigued lower back muscles.
25. swimming
the act of swimming 31. acute
An incremental aerobic exercise program (such as walking, ending in a sharp point
stationary biking, and swimming) may begin within 2 weeks of Exercise and Acute or Subacute Back Pain
symptoms. Exercise does not help acute back pain.

26. incorrect 32. limitation

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth
Incorrect movements or long-term high-impact exercise is often a
cause of back pain in the first place.
27. enhance
increase
Generally, these exercises attempt to strengthen the abdomen, improve
lower back mobility, strength, and endurance,
and enhance flexibility in the hip, the hamstring muscles, and the
tendons at the back of the thigh.
28. tightening
the act of making something tighter
Hold for 3 seconds while tightening the abdominal muscles.
an act of restricting (as by regulation)
Professionals who understand the limitations and special needs of
back pain, and can address individual health conditions, should
guide this program.
33. twisting
marked by repeated turns and bends
People vulnerable to back pain should avoid activities that put
undue stress on the lower back or require
sudden twisting movements, such as football, golf, ballet, and
weight lifting.
34. disk
something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate
At that time, the disks are more fluid-filled and more vulnerable to
pressure from this movement.
35. ballet
a theatrical performance of a story by trained dancers
People vulnerable to back pain should avoid activities that put undue
stress on the lower back or require sudden twisting movements,
such as football, golf, ballet, and weight lifting.

36. psychological
mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature
Exercise may also be effective when combined with
a psychological and motivational program, such as cognitive-
behavioral therapy.

37. repetition
the act of doing or performing again
Repetition is the key to increasing flexibility, building endurance, and
strengthening the specific muscles needed to support and neutralize
the spine.

38. fluid
continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow
At that time, the disks are more fluid-filled and more vulnerable to
pressure from this movement.

https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/
 VOCABULARY 2

1. physical exercise 6. practice

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit a customary way of operation or behavior

2. exercising 7. do
the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit engage in

3. workout 8. nourishing
the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit of or providing nourishment

4. physical exertion 9. nutritive

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit of or providing nourishment

5. practice session 10. nutritious

systematic training by multiple repetitions of or providing nourishment
 the trait of staying aware of your responsibilities
11. nutrify
give nourishment to 17. awareness
state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness
12. wellness
a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease 18. knowingness
shrewdness demonstrated by knowledge
13. healthy
free from infirmity or disease 19. consciousness
an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself
14. healed
freed from illness or injury 20. unconsciousness
a state lacking normal awareness of the self or environment
15. cured
freed from illness or injury 21. state of mind
a temporary psychological state
16. mindfulness
 VOCABULARY 3
1. prosthesis 7. dexterity
a device that replaces a missing part of the body adroitness in using the hands

2. crutch 8. performance
a staff that fits under the armpit and supports body weight the act of doing something successfully

3. treadmill 9. strength
an exercise device consisting of an endless belt on which a person can walk or jog the property of being physically or mentally powerful
without changing place

circulation
railing
10.
4.

the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

prognosis
endurance
11.
5.

a prediction of the course of a disease

a state of surviving; remaining alive

diagnosis
flexibility
12.
6.

identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon

the property of being easily bent or shaped
 a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones
13. compliance
the act of submitting, usually surrendering power to another 20. swelling
something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings
14. cranium
the part of the skull that encloses the brain 21. lump
a compact mass
15. costa
a riblike part of a plant or animal 22. ache
a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain
16. patella
a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint 23. malaise
a general feeling of discomfort, uneasiness, or depression
17. sternum
the breastbone 24. numbness
partial or total lack of sensation in a part of the body
18. spine
the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal 25. bruise
cord
a small injury that results in discoloration

19. wrist