Basic Concept of Biotechnology

Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Basic Concept of Biotechnology

Biomolecules
1. Biomolecules - Answer (click here)
2. Carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
3. Classification of Carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
4. Structure of Monosaccharide’s - Answer (click here)
5. Structure of Di Saccharides and Polysaccharides - Answer (click here)
6. Importance of carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
7. Rare sugars - Answer (click here)
8. Nucleic Acids - Answer (click here)
9. Structure of Nucleic Acids - Answer (click here)
10. Watson and Crick’s double helix structure of DNA - Answer (click here)
11. Tautomerism - Answer (click here)
12. Nucleosides and nucleotides - Answer (click here)
13. Proteins - Biomolecules - Answer (click here)
14. Amino Acids and Classification of Amino Acids - Answer (click here)
15. Non-proteinogenic amino acids and its role - Answer (click here)
16. Classification of Proteins - Answer (click here)
17. Structure of Proteins - Answer (click here)
18. Biological Importance of Proteins - Answer (click here)
19. Lipids and Classification of Lipids - Answer (click here)
20. Structure of lipids - Answer (click here)
21. Fatty Acids - Answer (click here)
22. Triacylglycerols - Answer (click here)
23. Phospholipids - Answer (click here)
24. Sterols and sterol esters - Answer (click here)

Computer Applications and Biostatistics

1. Computer Applications and Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
2. Information and computer technology - Answer (click here)
 3. Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
4. Types of Data - Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
5. Measures of Central Tendencies - Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
6. Types of Distribution - Biostatistics - Answer (click here)
7. Applications of Standard Error of Mean - Answer (click here)
8. Confidence Interval (CI) - Answer (click here)
9. Null Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
10. Level of Significance - Answer (click here)
11. Outliers - Answer (click here)
12. One tailed and two tailed Test - Answer (click here)
13. Importance of Sample Size Determination - Answer (click here)
14. Factors Influencing Sample Size Include - Answer (click here)
15. Sample Size Determination and Variance Estimate - Answer (click here)
16. How to Choose an Appropriate Statistical Test - Answer (click here)
17. Non-parametric tests used for analysis of different types of data - Answer
(click here)
18. Common problems faced by researcher in any trial and how to address
them - Answer (click here)
19. Biological data and its diversity - Answer (click here)
20. Application of computer and statistics in biology - Answer (click here)

Macromolecules and Analytical Techniques

1. Macromolecules and Analytical Techniques - Answer (click here)
2. Macromolecules - Answer (click here)
3. Centrifugation - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
4. Chromatography: Types, Principle, Application - Analysis of
biomolecules - Answer (click here)
5. Electrophoresis - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
6. Spectroscopy - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
7. UV Visible spectroscopy - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
8. Infra Red Spectropscopy (IR spectroscopy) - Analysis of biomolecules -
Answer (click here)
9. Fluorometry - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
10. Mass Spectrometry - Analysis of biomolecules - Answer (click here)
11. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy - Analysis of
biomolecules - Answer (click here)

Plant Molecular Farming A Promising Stratergy in Biotechnology

1. Plant Molecular Farming: A Promising Stratergy in Biotechnology -
Answer (click here)
 2. Plants as Expression Systems - Answer (click here)
3. Types of Biomolecules and recent examples - Answer (click here)
4. Plant made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) - Answer (click here)
5. Plant made nutritional compounds (PMNs) - Answer (click here)
6. Plant made vaccines (PMVs) - Answer (click here)
7. Plant made plastics (PMPs) - Answer (click here)
8. Plant made industrial compounds (PMIs) - Answer (click here)
9. The plant endomembrane system - Answer (click here)
10. Subcellular Targeting of proteins in plants - Answer (click here)
11. Different plant species as platform for molecular farming - Answer (click
here)
12. Plant Transformation - Answer (click here)
13. Optimization of transgene expression in host plant - Answer (click here)
14. Downstream processing of recombinant proteins - Answer (click here)
15. Use of affinity tags for purification - Answer (click here)
16. Use of non-chromatographic methods - Answer (click here)
17. Biosafety and regulatory issues - Answer (click here)

Plant Transgenics Genetic Engineering Approch to Devlop Biotic

Stress Resistance Plants
1. Plant Transgenics: Genetic Engineering Approch to Devlop Biotic Stress
Resistance Plants - Answer (click here)
2. The Power of Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
3. Strategies for Competitiveness - Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
4. Tools of Genetic Engineering in Plants - Answer (click here)
5. DNA Delivery Systems - Plant Transgenics - Answer (click here)
6. The Selection and Analysis of Transformants - Plant Transgenics -
Answer (click here)
7. Modification of regulatory elements of marker genes - Plant Transgenics
- Answer (click here)
8. More ‘Friendly’ Selectable Markers: the Positive Selection Method -
Plant Transgenics - Answer (click here)
9. Biotic Stress - Answer (click here)
10. Virus Resistance - Answer (click here)
11. RNAi Technology - Answer (click here)
12. Fungal Resistance - Answer (click here)
13. Bacterial Resistance - Answer (click here)
14. Nematode Resistance - Answer (click here)

Animal Biotechnology
 1. Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
2. Cell Culture - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
3. Criteria for Subculture - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
4. Culture Conditions and Mammalian Cell - Animal Biotechnology -
Answer (click here)
5. Aseptic Techniques - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
6. Cryopreservation Medium - Answer (click here)
7. Protocol for Cryopreserving Cultured Cells - Answer (click here)
8. Protocol for Thawing Frozen Cells - Answer (click here)
9. Biological Contamination - Answer (click here)
10. Protocol for Microbial Decontamination - Answer (click here)
11. Protocol for Treating Mycoplasma contaminated Cell Cultures with BM
Cyclin - Answer (click here)
12. Cell Viability (quantitation and cytotoxicity) - Answer (click here)
13. Factors to Consider When Choosing a Cell Viability Assay - Answer (click
here)
14. Cell Viability Assays that Measure ATP and Metabolic Capacity -
Answer (click here)
15. Cytotoxicity Assays: Determining the Number of Live and Dead Cells -
Answer (click here)
16. Trypan Blue - Answer (click here)
17. Concentrating Cells - Answer (click here)
18. Cell Proliferation - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
19. Cell Cycle - Animal Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
20. Cytotoxicity - Answer (click here)
21. Applications of cell culture - Answer (click here)
22. What are stem cells, and why are they important? - Answer (click here)
23. What are the unique properties of all stem cells? - Answer (click here)
24. Embryonic stem cells grown in the laboratory - Answer (click here)
25. Similarities and Differences between Embryonic and Adult stem cells -
Answer (click here)
26. Potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles - Answer (click here)
27. Genetic manipulation of animals (animal models in research) - Answer
(click here)
28. Animal Breeding and Transgenic Animals - Answer (click here)
29. Methods of genetic manipulation in animals - Answer (click here)
30. A brief history of cloning - Answer (click here)
31. Cloning - Answer (click here)
32. Use of Animals in Research - Answer (click here)
33. Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics - Answer (click here)
34. Genetically Engineered Insulin - Answer (click here)
 35. Gene Therapy - Answer (click here)
36. Monoclonal Antibodies - Answer (click here)
37. Economic impact in developing countries - Animal Biotechnology -
Answer (click here)
38. Ethical Issues(biosafety and regulatory issues) - Animal Biotechnology -
Answer (click here)

Medical Biotechnology
1. Medical Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
2. History of Medical Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
3. Human Genome Project and its influence on medical biotechnology -
Answer (click here)
4. Detecting Genetic Diseases - Answer (click here)
5. Biotech in the Hospital - Answer (click here)
6. Role of biotechnology in diagnostics and Therapeutics - Answer (click here)
7. Role of biotechnology in developing vaccines - Answer (click here)
8. Treatments developed with the aid of biotechnology - Answer (click here)
9. Other Applications of Biotechnology in Medical field - Answer (click here)
10. Designer Babies - Medical Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
11. New Biotech Breakthroughs about to change Medicine - Answer (click
here)

Tools and Techniques in Biotechnology

1. Tools and Techniques in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
2. Basic Tools in the Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
3. Measurement of Volume - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click
here)
4. Measurement of Weight - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click
here)
5. Measurement of pH - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
6. Measurement of light - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
7. Solution Preparation - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
8. Microbiological techniques - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer (click
here)
9. Preparation of biological samples for analysis - Tools used in
Biotechnology - Answer (click here)
10. Separation of macromolecules - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer
(click here)
11. Manipulation of Nucleic Acids - Tools used in Biotechnology - Answer
(click here)
12. Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
 13. Isolation of Nucleic Acid (DNA) - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
14. Plasmid Isolation - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations -
Answer (click here)
15. RNA Isolation and mRNA Purification - Techniques of Biotechnology
and Innovations - Answer (click here)
16. Gene Isolation - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer
(click here)
17. Molecular Mapping - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations -
Answer (click here)
18. Genomic DNA Library Construction - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
19. Transformation Techniques - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
20. Direct Gene Transformation - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
21. Labeling Methods - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations -
Answer (click here)
22. Southern Blotting Technique - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
23. In Situ Hybridization (ISH) - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
24. Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
25. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) - Techniques of
Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click here)
26. DNA Sequencing Techniques - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)
27. Microarray - Techniques of Biotechnology and Innovations - Answer (click
here)
28. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) - Techniques of Biotechnology and
Innovations - Answer (click here)

Antibiotics Microbial Sources Production and Optimization

1. Antibiotics - Answer (click here)
2. Antibacterial agents - Answer (click here)
3. Actinomycetes - Answer (click here)
4. Marine actinomycetes - Answer (click here)
5. Streptomyces - Answer (click here)
6. Identification of actinomycetes - Answer (click here)
7. Metabolite production by marine Streptomyces - Answer (click here)
 8. Antagonistic marine actinomycetes in Indian peninsula - Answer (click
here)
9. Optimization of fermentation conditions - Answer (click here)

Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences

1. History of Forensic Genetic Typing - Answer (click here)
2. Introduction - Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences - Answer (click here)
3. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) - Answer (click here)
4. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AMP-FLP) - Answer (click
here)
5. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences
- Answer (click here)
6. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) - Biotechnology in Forensic Sciences -
Answer (click here)
7. Y-Short Tandem Repeats - Answer (click here)
8. X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (ChrX STRs) - Answer (click here)
9. mtDNA in forensic science - Answer (click here)
10. Microbial Forensics - Answer (click here)
11. Non-human DNA Forensics - Answer (click here)