SAT math IIc summary note 1/12

1. Numbers
① Prime Factorization: Break up a number into prime factors. (2, 3, 5, 7, ... )
   ×    ×  × 
   ×    ×  ×    ×  × × 
   ×    ×  ×  × 

② Greatest Common Factor (GCF): multiply common prime factors.

GCF(100, 54) →   ×  ×  ×  or    
   × ×× 
G CF    

③ Least Common Multiple (LCM): check multiples of the largest number.

LCM(100, 54)   ×  ×   

2. Function
①     :  is input value (domain) and      (range) is output value.
② one input and one out output!
③ vertical line test!
④ Inverse function → Horizontal line test.

3. Inequalities
(1). What is the range of the result value if the input has a certain period of values.
(2).     →       (between)
(3).     →    or    (bigger than big one and smaller than small one)
(4).          →     
(5).          →    or   

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 2/12

4. linear functions
(1). midpoint between       and      
   
①  

 


 

(2). distance between       and      

①   
            

(3).     
    
① slope between     and      is     
   
②  is y-intercept.

(4). Parallel and perpendicular lines between       and      

① parallel relationship:   
② perpendicular relationship:  ×   

5. Domain and range in functions

(1). domain in function: x values
①  : ≧

②   ≠ 

③ check! vertical asymptotes.

(2). range in function: y values

① check! horizontal asymptotes.
② quadratic functions → check! vertex

6. inverse functions
① change  and  .
② the inverse functions are reflected by    graph.

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 3/12

7. odd/even functions
(1). odd function
① reflected by origin (0,0).
②        
③               : odd number power.
④   sin
(2). even function
① reflected by y-axis.
②        
③                 
④   cos

8. reflection graphs
① x-axis reflection:     →    
② y-axis reflection:     →     
③ origin reflection:   →    
④    reflection:     →    
⑤    reflection:     →    

9. quadratic functions:       

(1). Vertex

    
①   
  

② Vertex x-coordinate =  

③ Vertex y-coordinate can be max or min of the function.

(2). Quadratic formula

  ±   
① quadratic formula   

② solutions = roots = zeros = x-intercepts

(3). number of solutions

① 2 real solutions →    
② 1 real solution →    
③ no real solution →    

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 4/12

(4). factoring
①                 
②           
③          
④          

10. Exponential functions

(1). basic rules
①  ⋅      

②      


③      
④   

⑤    

⑥  ⋅    

(2). Exponential function

  
①     : decreasing function
②   : increasing function

(3). solving
  

⇒   



Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 5/12

11. logarithmic functions

(1). basic rules
① log  log  log


② log   log  log

③ log   ⋅log
④ log  
⑤ log   
log
⑥ log   
log
log
⑦  
⑧ log   ⇒   

12. rational functions and limits

(1). limit
① factoring
② remove potential zero terms!

13. trigonometry
(1). basic trigonometry

c
b

q
a
 opposite
① sin    
 hypotenuse
 adj acent
② cos    
 hypotenuse
 opposite
③ tan    
 adj acent

④ csc  
sin

⑤ sec  
cos

⑥ cot  
tan

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 6/12

(2). All Student Take Calculus

sin All

tan cos

(3). basic rule

① sin    cos    
② sin  sin cos
③ *cos  cos    sin    cos       sin  
 tan
④ *tan  
  tan  

(4). radian and degree


① radian(r) to degree =  × 


② degree(d) to radian =  × 


(5). special triangles

30 45
5
2
3 2
1 4

60 45

1 3
1

①     
  
②     
  
③ 
④ *    

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 7/12

(6). amplitude, period


①    : amplitude=  and period= 


②    cos: amplitude=  and period= 


③    : period= 


④     : amplitude=  and period= 


⑤    cos: amplitude=  and period= 


⑥     : period= 


(7). sine and cosine laws

  
① Law of Sines:     
sin  sin  sin 

② Law of Cosines:          cos 

c b

B C
a

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 8/12

(8). Section area and arc length

Arc length

q
r

Area

  
① section area =  ×    ×      
  
 
② arc length =  ×    ×    
 

14. Graph shifting (translations)

(1). x-direction shifting:  →   
(2). y-direction shifting:  →   
(3). Translations      →          :  units right and  units up.

15. Polar coordinate system

(1). polar coordinate system  
①  is the distance from origin to the point.
②  is the angle from x-axis (counterclockwise)
(2). relationship between two systems.
①   
②    sin

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 9/12

16. Complex number

(1). basic rules
①    
②    ,    

(2). complex plane

① real-axis and imaginary-axis
② x-axis is used by real-axis
③ y-axis is used by imaginary-axis
④    is located on  coordinate system
⑤     is the distance from origin to the ( coordinate

17. Conic
(1). Circle
① A circle is the located of all points equidistant from a central point.
②           
③ Center () and radius 

(2). Ellipse
① For two given points, the foci, an ellipse is the locus of points such that the sum of the
distance to each focus is constant.
     
②  
 
 
③ Center: () and     

(3). *Hyperbola
① For two given points, the foci, a hyperbola is the locus of points such that the difference
between the distances to each focus is constant.
       
②    
 
③ Center: () and     

④ Asymptotes:   ±       


Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 10/12

18. Matrix
(1). multiplication
① matrix A ×   × matrix B  ×   = matrix C  ×  
② the middle number  should be same

(2). determinant
  
①   →     
  

(3). inverse matrix

       
①           
      

(4). how to use a calculator

①     →   
   
② 
  

19. Sequences
(1). Arithmetic sequence
①        
    
②   

(2). Geometric sequence
①    ⋅  
    
②   


③ ∞      


Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 11/12

20. Probability
(1). total probability = 1
desired outcomes
(2). probability = 
total outcomes
(3). “and” = multiplication (×)
(4). “or” = adding ( )

21. Combination and permutation

(1). Combination:   (selecting  numbers from total )

①     (use Calculator)
  

(2). Permutation:   (selecting  numbers from total  with order)


①     (use Calculator)
   

(3). The number of permutations of  things,  of which are indistinguishable,  of which are

indistinguishable, etc., is 
 

22. Data analysis

(1). average (mean)
sum of terms
① average  
number of terms
total distance
② average speed  
total time
(2). median: middle number in the sorted list.
(3). mode: most frequently appeared number.
(4). standard deviation
① A low standard deviation: the data points tend to be close to the mean of the set.
② A high standard deviation: the data points are spread out over a wide range of values.
(5). range = max – min
(6). example:
① A set {1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}

average =    , median = 4, mode = 3, range = 9-1 = 8

② A set {2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9}
 
average =    , median =   , mode = 3, range = 9-2 = 7
 

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016
SAT math IIc summary note 12/12

23. Solid geometry

(1). Rectangular solid
① The distance between opposite corners of a rectangular solid

   length   width   height

diagonal

height

width
length
(2). Right Cylinder
① Volume    
② Surface Area         

Joonho Choi PhD

rev. 2016