Result (Graph)

Diagram 1

Diagram 2
Diagram 3

Diagram 4
Diagram 5

Diagram 6
Questions

1. What is control valve, CV?

Control valves are valves used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature,
and liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing in response to signals received
from controllers that compare a "set point" to a "process variable" whose value is
provided by sensors that monitor changes in such conditions.

2. What is control valve range ability?

Valve range ability is defined as the ratio of the maximum to minimum controllable flow
through the valve. Mathematically the maximum and minimum flows are taken to be the
values when 95% (max) and 5% (min) of the valve is open.

Flow at 95% valve position

Range ability = -----------------------------------
Flow at 5% valve position

3. How is the control valve characteristics normally illustrated graphically?

where
 Linear - flow capacity increases linearly with valve travel.
 Equal percentage - flow capacity increases exponentially with valve trim travel.
Equal increments of valve travel produce equal percentage changes in the existing
Cv.
 A modified parabolic characteristic is approximately midway between linear and
equal-percentage characteristics. It provides fine throttling at low flow capacity
and approximately linear characteristics at higher flow capacity.
 Quick opening provides large changes in flow for very small changes in lift. It
usually has too high a valve gain for use in modulating control. So it is limited to
on-off service, such as sequential operation in either batch or semi-continuous
processes.
 Hyperbolic
 Square Root

The three most common types of flow characteristics are quick opening, equal percentage and
linear.

4. The definition of the control valve inherent characteristics is qualified by the statement
“at constant valve pressure drop”. How can the valve pressure drop be constant during
operation when the valve is stroked from almost full shut to fully open?

The constant valve pressure drop during operation when the valve is stroked from almost
full shut too fully open can be achieved by adjusting the valve opening for flow to the
proper value.

5. What is the effect of DPv/DPs on the inherent control valve characteristics?

The effect of DPv/DPs on the inherent control valve characteristics is it will change the
size of the opening of valve and reading of flowrate through the valve.
6. What is the effect of DPv variation from max DPv to min DPs on the inherent control
valve characteristic?

The effect of DPv variation from max DPv too Dpv on the inherent control valve
characteristic is a linear inherent curve will in general resemble a quick opening
characteristic while an equal percentage curve will in general resemble a linear curve.