Professional Documents
Culture Documents
br
Student´s Name:
_______________________________________________________
ÍNDICE
ASSUNTO PÁG.
PROJECT 1 - LIFE AND DEATH 3
PART 1 - THE RACCOON STORY 3
PART B – LIFE AND DEATH PHILOSOPHY 8
GRAMMAR
IF CLAUSES (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) 29
Vocabulary: raccoon = guaxinim; figure out = descobrir, entender; put out = colocar; take back
= pegar de volta; heebie-jeebies = sentimento de ansiedade, apreensão ou doença.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
12) Mais tarde Calvin e Hobbes estão numa área externa e Calvin faz algumas considerações
E chega à conclusão de que o mundo é idiota? Quais foram estas considerações?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14) Nos últimos quadrinhos Calvin reflete a respeito do ocorrido usando alguns ensinamentos de sua
mãe? Que ensinamentos são estes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
1 Eu o coloquei na caixa de
sapatos
2 Mas agora ele se foi
The awareness of death has its roots in our conscience and is in the heart of our lives.
«If we did not die, if our existence did not unravel in the endless darkness of death, would
life be quite so precious, so extraordinary, so moving?», asked Andre Comte-Sponville.
Anyway, death is a human evil, not shared by other species. The fear of death is a specific
human grief.
In endowing us with memory, nature has revealed to us a truth utterly unimaginable to the
unreflective creation, the truth of immortality... The most ideal human passion is love, which
is also the most absolute and animal and one of the most ephemeral.
George Santayana, 1863-1952, American philosopher, Reason in Religion
Unlike man, animals, so to speak, live without knowing death. The individual animal enjoys
fully the immutability of its gender, being conscious of itself only as an immortal being.
Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788-1860, German philosopher, Le monde comme volonté et comme
représentation
It is possible to provide security against other ills, but as far as death is concerned, we men
live in a city without walls.
Epicurus, 341-270 b.C., Greek philosopher, Vatican Sayings
The certainty of death and the uncertainty of the hour of death is a source of grief
throughout our life.
E. Morin, French philosopher and sociologist, Method V
Death is never a trick; nature doesn’t play a comedy; instead, it’s a tragic, colossal and
unstoppable drama.
L. Fuerbach, 1804-1872, German philosopher, cited in Edgar Morin O homem e a morte
Vocabulary: unravel = desvendar, resolver; to endow = dotar, doar; grief = dor, tristeza, pesar;
utterly = completamente; anguish = angústia, aflição; hang over = pairar sobre; deprive = privar
B) After reading both texts, create a graphic novel by your own related to the
philosophy about life and death. Use your imagination and if necessary read other
philosophers who have studied this topic.
What was the conflict between the Catholics and Protestants in Ireland?
The original conflict between the Catholics and Protestants in Ireland was not truly a
matter of religion -- it was a matter of social class.
Put quite briefly, the majority of the population in Ireland, post 1000 A. D., was
Catholic. They never underwent the church reform that England did in the 1500s.
Thus, by the 1600s, England = Anglican (Protestant), and Ireland = Catholic.
When England began to establish plantations in Ireland and establish themselves as
the ruling class, they often did it in a relatively unpleasant and domineering fashion,
making themselves unpopular with their new subjects in the manner of America and
India.
Hostility arouse between Catholics and Protestants in this way not because the
religions themselves bore marked differences, but because these denominations were
attached to two very different classes. Intermarriages were frowned upon, not for
spiritual reasons, but because the Protestant was marrying below their class.
This hostility between the denominations continued into the present for many of the
same reasons. Protestantism represents the continued presence of England in
Northern Irish affairs, while Catholicism bears the stigma of being the religion of the
poor, the rebels, and the socialists intent on a free Ireland.
Answer
Maggie, your answer is more or less correct. However, there is another aspect. British
colonial activity in Ireland isn't to be condemned simply because it was executed in
such a harsh and murderous manner. It is to be condemned because colonialism is
always wrong.
With regard to the harsh nature of the occupation here, the British government used
religious difference as a political tool over and over again since inventing it shortly
after the 1798 United Irish revolution. It has been used by both sides, to their mutual
disgrace.
For those who don't know, the United Irishmen aimed to unite Protestants, Catholics,
and Dissenters in a single military force aimed to drive the British out of Ireland. (Not
such an unrealistic idea - the population of each country was very similar). This
scared the daylights out of the British, who relied on Ireland to feed the less
agriculturally productive Britain. They knew that it was only a series of lucky
incidents for them, and unlucky ones for the revolutionaries that allowed the British
to hold on here. Therefore they had to find a way to divide and conquer. Throughout
history, religion has worked nicely in this role. So yet again it was brought into play.
One of the first markers of this was the founding of the Orange Order, an
organisation dedicated to remembering William of Orange, a King of England of
Dutch origin in the early 1700s. A fairly large scale war was fought between William
and his rival for the throne - James throughout England, but mostly in Ireland. In
reality, this war had little to do with Irish nationalists, as these were two foreigners
fighting over what amounted to the throne of England and influence in Europe.
Catholics and Protestants fought for both.
After the United Irishmen revolution over 100 years after the Williamite wars, the
British founded the Orange Order on the pretext that the Williamite war was fought
exclusively by Protestants on one side, and Catholics on the other. It has all sorts of
overtones of racial and ethnic bigotry associated with it. In any case, the Orange
Order, and related organisations led and nurtured the Protestant Hatred of catholics.
On the other side, the Catholic Church has always been the enemy of popular freedom
movements throughout the world. In point of fact, most revolutionaries in Ireland
were excommunicated by the church for their activities. It is only after we achieved
independence that the church found a sense of nationalism, that had heretofore been
Read more:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_conflict_between_the_Catholics_and_
Protestants_in_Ireland#ixzz18MgrXHyp
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Cartoon 1
Cartoon 2
Cartoon 3
Cartoon 4
Cartoon 5
Artistic reaction
Mural by Bogside Artists on Free Derry Corner depicting Father Daly waving a white handkerchief while trying
to escort the mortally wounded Jackie Duddy to safety.
bloody – but – children – eyes – Jesus – just – long – news – one – sing – street – T.V. –
tomorrow – tonight – wall – your
The controversy over the 12 caricatures of Muhammad published by the Danish newspaper
Jyllands-Posten exploded into a global scandal, complete with angry demonstrations, and
defiant republications of the cartoons in newspapers across the globe.
The phenomenon is fuelled by the growth of the Islamic influence in Western societies, the
sense of Islamic anger not just at the cartoons but at world events and the precarious nature
of relations between the West and the Muslim world.
Compare the recent crisis with what happened to the author Salman Rushdie in 1989. Then,
the protests were directed largely at one person. Now they are directed at a whole country,
in this case Denmark, and more than that, against large parts of Western society and its
traditions.
Equally, the cartoons are seen as attacks on Islam itself, not just by an author but by a
society. And in places, the issue has been exploited for local purposes. In northern Nigeria,
the protests went beyond the original issue. They developed into anti-Christian riots, as
anger at the drawings was exploited in a part of the world where Islam from across the
Sahara meets Christianity which has moved up from the missionary-influenced coast.
Teachings questioned
Rushdie's sin in The Satanic Verses was to exploit some notorious lines in an account of the
Prophet's life which told how Muhammad was tempted by Satan to suggest that three
goddesses worshipped in Mecca might find a place in the new religion he was proclaiming.
These are the "Satanic Verses" themselves.
They are absolutely rejected by Islamic tradition. Rushdie, however, used them to construct
a fable in which he questioned the whole basis of Muhammad's teachings.
It was on 14 February 1989 that the then Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ruhollah
Khomeini proclaimed: "The author of the book entitled The Satanic Verses, which has been
compiled, printed, and published in opposition to Islam, the Prophet and the Koran, as well
as those publishers who were aware of its contents, have been sentenced to death."
The book was burned, in Britain and elsewhere. Protests followed outside US and British
buildings in India and Pakistan, and people died. But the main anger was directed against
Rushdie himself who had to go into hiding.
Story from BBC NEWS: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/middle_east/4740020.stm
Published: 2006/02/22 15:06:19 GMT
2) Qual a diferença entre o episódio dos cartoons e o episódio envolvendo Salman Rushdie e
o que isso tem a ver com os protestos contra os cartoons?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
"What kind of idea are you? Are you the kind that compromises, does
deals, accomodates itself to society, aims to find a niche, to survive; or
are you the cussed, bloody-minded, ramrod-backed type of damnfool
notion that would rather break than sway with the breeze? – The kind
that will almost certainly, ninety-nine times out of hundred, be smashed
to bits; but, the hundredth time, will change the world."
"The world, somebody wrote, is the place we prove real by dying in it."
"So India’s problem turns out to be the world’s problem. What happened
in India has happened in God’s name.
"Something was badly amiss with the spiritual life of the planet...Too
many demons inside people claiming to believe in God."
http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/3299.Salman_Rushdie
Brazil has reaffirmed its support for Iran's right to a civilian nuclear programme, but
called for a "just and balanced" solution with the West.
During a visit to Brazil by the Iranian president, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva criticised
attempts to isolate Iran over its nuclear ambitions. But he also urged Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to
engage with the West. Western powers fear Iran is developing nuclear weapons technology, rather
than civilian uses as it claims.
It is the first visit by an Iranian president to Brazil, which maintains close ties to the US, Israel
and other countries trying to block Iran's nuclear ambitions. But Brazilian President Lula said he
opposes further sanctions on Iran, and called for diplomacy instead. "We recognise Iran's right to
develop a peaceful nuclear programme in compliance with international accords. "I encourage you
to continue engaging interested countries to seek a just and balanced solution on the Iranian
nuclear issue," he said to Mr Ahmadinejad at a press conference.
Iran reticence
Iran has yet to respond to a plan brokered by the International Atomic Energy Agency, and agreed
by Russia, the US and France last month. Under the plan most of Iran's enriched uranium would be
sent abroad to be turned into fuel rods for research use. This is seen as a way for Iran to get the
fuel it needs, while giving guarantees to the West that it will not be used for nuclear weapons.
Mr Ahmadinejad's visit to Brazil has already drawn criticism from Israel and members of the US
Congress. US State Department spokesman Robert Wood declined to comment on the meeting, but
before the event, he said he hoped Brazil would raise some of the US concerns with the Iranian
leader. New York congressman Eliot Engel said President Lula was making "a serious error" by
"lending legitimacy" to Mr Ahmadinejad. Israel too called it a "mistake" for Brazil to host him, AFP
reports.
Since coming to power in 2005, Mr Ahmadinejad has sought to build ties with leftist south
American leaders. His five-nation tour also takes him to Venezuela and Bolivia, with stops in the
West African countries of Senegal and Gambia on the way home.
Story from BBC NEWS: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/middle_east/8373822.stm
Brazilian author Paulo Coelho announced his books have been banned in Iran and has
appealed to Brazil to intervene, Guardian reports.
A message is published in Coelho’s blog from his editor in Iran informing him of the
government’s decision.
“I strongly hope this misunderstanding will be solved during the week. And I strongly count
on the Brazilian government to support me, my books, for the sake of all the values we
cherish,” Coelho wrote on the blog.
Coelho, whose 1988 allegorical novel, The Alchemist, is one of the best-selling books of all
time, said he would make all of his books translated into the Persian language, or Farsi as it
is known in Iran, available for free on the internet.
The author, whose sales total at least 300m in 150 countries, added that his work had been
selling in Iran since 1998.
YOUR OPINION:
Each week 320 Afghan boys and girls come to the Skateistan NGO for skateboarding and
educational classes. For many youth, this is the only schooling they receive. Several of them
have spent their days working on the streets of Kabul since the age of 7 or 8. And the girls
have virtually no other chance to take part in sport. To keep doing what it does, though,
Skateistan requires donations immediately and is asking for your help.
In recent weeks thousands of people have viewed the short documentary "To Live and Skate
Kabul" and discovered the Skateistan project. Many people have said they'd love to help,
and now is the time when it is truly needed.
At present, Skateistan has no core donors and requires immediate funds to support day-to-
day running costs over the next few months. These costs include school supplies, student
meals and transport, local wages, administration costs and accommodating the international
volunteer instructors and staff. As a small, grassroots organization each dollar that is
received by Skateistan is carefully spent and directly contributes to the goal of giving children
an alternative to poverty, drugs or fighting.
If you've watched the film and felt hopeful for Afghanistan's youth, or seen what Skateistan is
doing on this website and believe the NGO is achieving something positive, please consider
a donation to show your support. Because Skateistan operates abroad through a network of
international volunteers, 100% of Skateistan's budget is directed towards operations of the
school in Kabul.
The quickest, easiest way to donate is through PayPal, though it will take some weeks to
help Skateistan in Kabul.
http://www.skateistan.org/
A 320
B 7e8
C 100%
A Them (linha 2)
B Their (linha 3)
C it (linha 4)
D it (linha 8)
ORAÇÃO
ORAÇÃO PRINCIPAL
CONDICIONAL
Zero conditional
First conditional
Verbo no “Simple
Verbo no “Simple Future”
Indica um futuro Present”
I will earn much money.
provável, possível, If I work a lot …
uma possibilidade real
Second conditional
Third conditional
Verbo no “ Past Verbo no “Conditional Perfect”
Indica um futuro
Perfect” I would have earned much
impossível, não
If I had worked a lot … money.
havendo nenhuma
possibilidade de que
aconteça
Observações:
Exemplo: If you go to the shopping mall, don´t forget to buy that CD.
EXERCÍCIOS
Complete as frases abaixo com os corretos tempos verbais dos verbos entre
parênteses.
10
IF YOU CAN READ THIS,
THANK YOUR TEACHER.
11
12
13
14
15
From: www.bumperart.com