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Centroid and Centre of mass of composite bodies

Presentation · September 2014

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24991.36002

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 CENTROID AND CENTER OF MASS OF THE COMPOSITE BODIES

What is center of gravity?

The center of gravity G is a point which locates the resultant weight of a
system of particles.

What is composite body?

A composite body consists of a series of connected simpler-shaped bodies,
which may be rectangular, triangular, semicircular, etc.

What is centroid?
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝛴𝐹𝑖 𝑥𝑖
̅=
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑, 𝒙 =
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝛴𝐹

The line of action of the resultant force passes through the geometric center or
centroid of the volume under the distributed–loading diagram.

Find the Centroid of A Rectangular Area by integration

68 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Find the centroid of a quarter circle by double integration in rectangular
coordinates

Procedure for locatingcenter of gravity of a body or the centroid of a

composite geometrical object

• Using a sketch, divide the body or object into a finite number of composite
parts that have simpler shapes.
• If a composite part has a hole, or a geometric region having no material,
then consider the composite part without the hole and consider the hole as
an additional composite part having negative.
• Establish the coordinate axes on the sketch and determine the coordinates
𝑥̃, 𝑦̃, 𝑧̃ of the center of gravity or centroid of each part.
• Determine 𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅, 𝑧̅ by applying the center of gravity equations
• If an object is symmetrical about an axis, the centroid of the object lies on
this axis.

69 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

First Moments of Areas and Lines
• An area is symmetric with
respect to an axis BB’ if for
every point P there exists a
point P’ such that PP’ is
perpendicular to BB’ and is
divided into two equal parts
by BB’.

• The first moment of an area

with respect to a line of
symmetry is zero.
• If an area possesses a line of
symmetry, its centroid lies
on that axis
• If an area possesses two
lines of symmetry, its
centroid lies at their
intersection.

• An area is symmetric with

respect to a center O if for
every element dA at (x,y)
there exists an area dA’ of
equal area at (-x,-y).
• The centroid of the area
coincides with the center of
symmetry.

70 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

CENTER OF MASS – locates the point in a system where the resultant mass
can be concentrated so that the moment of the concentrated mass with
respect to any axis equals the moment of the distributed mass with respect
to the same axis.

CENTER OF GRAVITY – locates where the resultant, concentrated

weight acts on a body.

71 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Centre of gravity and centroid:

The center of gravity (G) is a point that locates the

resultant weight of a system of particles.

Particles with weights W1, W2, …, Wn can be

replaced by a resultant force of weight W located at
the center of gravity G.

To find the location of the center of gravity G(x,y,z):

WR  W (1)
x WR  ~
x1W1  ~
x2W2  ...  ~
xnWn (2)
yW  ~
R yW  ~
1 y W  ...  ~
1 yW
2 2 n n (3)
z WR  ~
z1W1  ~
z2W2  ...  ~
znWn (4)

x
 ~
xW i
y
 ~
yW i
z
 ~
zW i

W i W i W i

(We can obtain z by imagining the coordinate system, with the particles fixed
in it, as being rotated 90 degrees about the x (or the y) axis).

Knowing W=mg, if we assume that the acceleration due to gravity (g) for every
particle is constant (g will be cancelled out)

x
 ~
xm i
y
 ~
ym i
z
 ~
zm i

m i m i m i

A rigid body is composed of an infinite number of particles, hence it is

necessary to use integration instead of summation.

72 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

 
x ~
~
x dm i 
y ~
~
y dm i 
z ~
~
z dmi

 x dm i  ydm i  z dmi

But dm=ρdV, with ρ being the density and dv the volume of each particle.
Therefore, the centre of mass has the coordinates of


x ~
~
x dV i 
y ~
~
y dV i 
z ~
~
z dVi

 x dV i  ydV i  z dVi

Centroid:

The centroid (C) is a point which defines the geometric center of an object. If
the material composing a body is uniform or homogeneous, the density of
material is constant (ρ = constant).
Hence, the resulting formulas that define the centroid of a body depend only
on the geometry of the body {Volume (V), Area (A), or Length (L)}.

Centroid (volume):


x ~
~
x dV 
y ~
~
y dV 
z ~
~
z dV

 x dV  ydV  z dV

73 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Centroid (area):


x ~
~
x dA 
y ~
~
y dA 
z ~
~
z dA


x dA 
y dA  z dA
Centroid (line):


x ~
~
x dL 
y ~
~
y dL 
z ~
~
z dL

 x dL  ydL  z dL
The centroids of some shapes may be partially or completely specified by
using conditions of symmetry. In cases where the shape has an axis of
symmetry, the centroid of the shape will lie along that axis.

Centroid: point defines the geometric center

If the material composing a body is uniform or homogeneous, the density or

specific weight will be constant throughout the body, then the centroid is
the same as the center of gravity or center of mass

74 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

75 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim
76 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim
77 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim
Find Centroid of area ?
m hy

b h
 m  h  y 
b
h
dΑ  mdy  h  y  dy
b
h
 ~ ydΑ
y A
 A dΑ

 oh yh  y  dy
b
 h
 oh h  y  dy
b
h
h
 y 2 y3 
h
 
 o yh  y dy h 2  3 
b h 2
 o h
  
 o h  y dy
b h  y 
2 3
h hy  2  h
 o

78 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Determine the center of gravity of a thin homogeneous wire

segment L (mm) 𝑥̅ (mm) 𝑦̅(mm) 𝑥̅ L(mm2) 𝑦̅L(mm2)

AB 600 300 0 18x104
BC 650 300 125 19.5x104 8.125x104
CA 250 0 125 0 3.125x104
 1500 37.5x104 11.25x104

𝛴𝑥̅ 𝐿 37.5 × 104

𝑋̅ = = = 250 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 1500
𝛴𝑦̅𝐿 11.25 × 104
𝑌̅ = = = 75 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 1500

79 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Locate the centroid (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅)of the uniform wire bent in the shape shown.

The given composite line can be divided

intofollowing three parts having simpler
shapes:

Segment L (mm) 𝑥̃(mm) 𝑦̃ (mm) 𝑥̃L(mm2) 𝑦̃L(mm2)

1 150 0 75 0 11250
2 100 50 150 5000 15000
3 50 75 130 3750 6500
4 130 50 65 6500 8450
5 50 25 0 1250 0
Σ 480 16500 41200

𝛴𝑥̃𝐿 16500
𝑥̅ = = = 34.37 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 480

𝛴𝑦̃𝐿 41200 × 104

𝑦̅ = = = 85.83 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 480

80 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Locate the center of mass (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅, 𝑧̅) of the four particles shown .

Particle m 𝑥̃( 𝑦̃ 𝑧̃ 𝑥̃m 𝑦̃m 𝑧̃ m

(kg) m) (m) (m) (m.kg) (m.kg) (m.kg)

1 1 -1 1 0 -1 1 0
2 2 1 3 0 2 6 0
3 5 2 4 0 10 20 0
4 2 1 -2 0 -4 -4 0
Σ Σm =10 ̃m = 13 Σ𝒚
Σ𝒙 ̃m = 23 Σ𝒛̃m = 0

𝛴𝑥̃𝑚 13
𝑥̅ = = = 1.3 𝑚
𝛴𝑚 10
𝛴𝑦̃𝑚 23
𝑦̅ = = = 2.3 𝑚
𝛴𝑚 10
𝛴𝑧̃ 𝑚 0
𝑧̅ = = =0𝑚
𝛴𝑚 10

81 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Locate the distanceyto the centroid of the member’scross-sectional area.

Particle # A (in2) 𝑦̃(in) A𝑦̃(in3)

1 7.5 4.75 35.625
2 1.875 1.5 2.8125
3 1.875 1.5 2.8125
4 6 0.5 3.0
Σ ΣA = 17.25 ΣA𝑦̃ = 44.25

𝛴𝐴𝑦̃ 44.25
𝑦̅ = = = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟔𝟓 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝐴 17.25

82 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

 The given composite line can be
divided into following three parts
having simpler shapes:

Segmen L (mm) 𝑥̃(mm) 𝑦̃ 𝑧̃ 𝑥̃L(mm2) 𝑦̃L(mm2) 𝑧̃ L(mm2)

t (mm) (mm)
1 π(60)=188.5 60 -38.2 0 11310 -7200 0
2 40 0 20 0 0 800 0
3 20 0 40 -10 0 800 -200
Σ ΣL= 248.5 Σ𝑥̃L=11310 Σ𝑦̃L= Σ𝑧̃ L=
-5600 -200

𝛴𝑥̃𝐿 11310
𝑥̅ = = = 45.5 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐿 248.5

𝛴𝑦̃𝐿 −5600
𝑦̅ = = = −22.5 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐿 248.5

𝛴𝑧̃ 𝐿 −200
𝑧̅ = = = −0.805 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐿 248.5

83 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Locate the centroid of the plate area shown in Fig

Segment A (m2) 𝑥̃(m) 𝑦̃(m) 𝑥̃𝐴(m3) 𝑦̃𝐴(m3)

1 0.5 × 3 × 3 = 4.5 1 1 4.5 4.5
2 3×3= 9 -1.5 -13.5 13.5 13.5
3 −2 × 1 = −2 -2.5 2 5 -4
Σ ΣA = 11.5 Σ𝑥̃𝐴 = −4 Σ𝑦̃𝐴 = 14

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 −4
𝑥̅ = = = −0.348 𝑚
𝛴𝐴 11.5
𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 14
𝑦̅ = = = 1.22 𝑚
𝛴𝐴 11.5

84 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

FIND CENTROID

Segment A (cm2) 𝑥̃(cm) 𝑦̃(cm) 𝑥̃𝐴(cm3) 𝑦̃𝐴(cm3)

S.circle 𝜋 2 6.85 12.56 43.02
× 22 = 6.28
2
Rectangle 6x4=24 2 3 48 72
Triangle 1 -1 2 -9 18
×3×6=9
2
Q. circle 𝜋 3.15 0.85 -9.89 2.67
− × 22 = −3.14
4
Σ 36.14 41.67 130.35
𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 41.67
𝑥̅ = = = 1.15 𝑐𝑚
𝛴𝐴 36.14
𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 130.35
𝑦̅ = = = 3.60 𝑐𝑚
𝛴𝐴 36.14

85 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Find: The centroid of the part

Solution:
1. This body can be divided into the following pieces:

rectangle (a) + triangle (b) + quarter circular (c) – semicircular area (d).
(Note the negative sign on the hole!)

Steps 2 & 3: Make up and fill the table using parts a, b, c, and d.
Segment A (m2) 𝑥̃(m) 𝑦̃(m) 𝑥̃𝐴(m3) 𝑦̃𝐴(m3)
Rectangle 18 3 1.5 54 27
Triangle 4.5 7 1 31.5 4.5
Q. Circle 9𝜋⁄4 −4 × 3⁄3𝜋 4 × 3⁄3𝜋 -9 9
Semi-Circle −𝜋⁄2 0 −4 × 1⁄3𝜋 0 -2/3
Σ 28.0 Σ𝑥̃𝐴 =76.5 Σ𝑦̃𝐴 =39.83

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 76.5
𝑥̅ = = = 2.73 𝑚
𝛴𝐴 28.0

𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 39.83
𝑦̅ = = = 1.42 𝑚
𝛴𝐴 28.0

86 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

For the plane area shown, determine the first moments with respect to the x
and y axes and the location of the centroid.

SOLUTION:
Divide the area into a triangle, rectangle, and semicircle with a circular cutout.
Calculate the first moments of each area with respect to the axes.
Find the total area and first moments of the triangle, rectangle, and semicircle. Subtract the
area and first moment of the circular cutout.
Compute the coordinates of the area centroid by dividing the first moments by the total
area.

Segment A, mm2 𝑥̃, 𝑦̃,mm 𝑥̃𝐴, mm3 𝑦̃𝐴, mm3

mm
Rectangle 120 × 80 = 9.6 × 103 60 40 576 × 103 384 × 103
1
Triangle × 120 × 60 = 3.6 × 103 40 -20 144 × 103 −72 × 103
2
1
Semicircle × 𝜋 × 602 = 5.655 60 105.46 339.3 × 103 596.4 × 103
2
× 103
Circle −𝜋 × 402 = −5.027 60 80 −301.6 −402.2 × 103
× 103 × 103
Σ 𝛴𝐴 = 13.828 × 103 Σ𝑥̃𝐴 = Σ𝑦̃𝐴 =
757.7 × 103 506.2 × 103

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 757.7 × 103

𝑥̅ = = = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟖 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐴 13.828 × 103
𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 506.2 × 103
𝑦̅ = = = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟔 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐴 13.828 × 103

87 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Locate the Center of Mass of a Composite Body

The given composite body can be divided into following four parts having simpler shapes:

cone portion, = 8×10-6 kg/mm3and for hemi-sphere portion, = 4×10-6 kg/mm3

Segment
m (kg) 𝑧̃ (mm) 𝑧̃ m
1 1 50 209.440
8 × 10−6 × 𝜋 × 502 × 200 = 4.189
3
1
2 4 × 10 × 3𝜋 × 502 × 200 = 4.189
−6 -18.75 -19.635
3 1 100+25=125 -65.450
−8 × 10−6 × 𝜋 × 252 × 100 = −0.524
3
4 −8 × 10−6 × 𝜋 × 252 × 200 = −1.571 50 -78.540
Σm = 3.141 kg Σ𝑧̃ m= 45.815(kg.mm
Σ𝑧̃ m 45.815
𝑧̅ = = = 14.6 𝑚𝑚
Σm 3.141

88 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Find the y-coordinate (𝑦̅) of the centroid of the composite area

𝜋 2 𝜋 2
𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 4 × 50 × 25 + 110 × 15 × 105 + 4 × 35 × 177.5
𝑦̅ = = 𝜋 𝜋
𝛴𝐴 × 502 + 110 × 15 + × 352
4 4
393112.39
= = 85.9 𝑚𝑚
4575.6

Find coordinates (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅) of the centroid of the composite area.

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 6 × 2 × 5 + 2 × 6 × 1 72
𝑥̅ = = = =3𝑚
𝛴𝐴 6×2+2×6 24

𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 6 × 2 × 1 + 2 × 6 × 3 48
𝑦̅ = = = =2𝑚
𝛴𝐴 6×2+2×6 24

89 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

 Centroids of Composite Bodies

𝑀𝑦 = 𝐴1 𝑥𝑐1 + 𝐴2 𝑥𝑐2

𝐴𝑐 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴1

𝑀𝑦 𝐴1 𝑥𝑐1 + 𝐴2 𝑥𝑐2 ∑ 𝐴𝑖 𝑥𝑐𝑖

𝑥𝑐 = = =
𝐴𝑐 𝐴1 + 𝐴1 ∑ 𝐴𝑖

𝑀𝑥 = 𝐴1 𝑦𝑐1 + 𝐴2 𝑦𝑐2

𝑀𝑥 𝐴1 𝑦𝑐1 + 𝐴2 𝑦𝑐2 ∑ 𝐴𝑖 𝑦𝑐𝑖

𝑦𝑐 = = =
𝐴𝑐 𝐴1 + 𝐴1 ∑ 𝐴𝑖

90 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

 Find the centroid of the given area

𝑥𝑐1 = 6.67 𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐2 = 15.0 𝑖𝑛

𝑦𝑐1 = 3.33 𝑖𝑛 𝑦𝑐2 = 5.0 𝑖𝑛
2
Part 𝐴𝑖 (𝑖𝑛 ) 𝑥𝑐𝑖 (𝑖𝑛) 𝑀𝑦 (𝑖𝑛3 ) 𝑦𝑐𝑖 (𝑖𝑛) 𝑀𝑥 (𝑖𝑛3 )
1 50 6.67 333.3 3.33 166.7
2 100 15.0 1500.0 5.0 500.0
Σ 150 1833.3 666.7
𝛴𝑀𝑦 1833.3
𝑥𝑐 = = = 12.22 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝐴 150

𝛴𝑀𝑥 666.7
𝑦𝑐 = = = 4.44 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝐴 150

Locate the centroid of the body

component Volume , mm3 𝑥̅ , mm 𝑥̅ V, mm4

hemisphere 4 -22.5 -10.18 x 106
0.5 × × 𝜋 × 603 = 0.4524 × 106
3
cylinder 𝜋 × 602 × 100 = 1.131 × 106 50 56.55 x 106
cone 1 75 -28.28 x 106
− × 𝜋 × 602 × 100 = −0.377 × 106
3
Σ 1.206 x 106 18.09 x 106

18.09×10 6
𝑋̅ = 6
= 15 𝑚𝑚 𝑌̅ = 𝑍̅ = 0 by symmetry
1.206×10

91 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Locate the center of gravity of the steel machine element. The diameter of each hole is 1 in.

SOLUTION: Form the machine element from a rectangular parallelepiped and a quarter cylinder
and then subtracting two 1-in. diameter cylinders.

92 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

 Volume , 𝑥̃, 𝑦̃, mm 𝑧̃ , mm 𝑥̃V, mm4 𝑦̃V, mm4 𝑧̃ V, mm4
mm3 mm
I 70312.5 6.25 -25 56.25 439,453 - 3,955,078
1,757,813
II 24,553.6 33.71 - 6.25 827,702 -520,782 153,460
21.21
III -6138.4 6.25 -25 87.5 -38,365 153,460 -537,110
IV -6138.4 6.25 -25 37.5 -38,365 153,460 230,190
82,589.3 1190,425 - 3,341,238
1,961,662
𝛴𝑥̃𝑉 1190,425
𝑥̅ = = = 14.41 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝑉 82,589.3

𝛴𝑦̃𝑉 −1,961,662
𝑦̅ = = = −23.75 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝑉 82,589.3
𝛴𝑧̃ 𝑉 3,341,238
𝑧̅ = = = 40.5 𝑚
𝛴𝑉 82,589.3

93 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

94 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Segment
A (mm2) 𝑥̃(mm) 𝑦̃(mm) 𝑥̃𝐴(mm3) 𝑦̃𝐴(mm3)
1 20x60=1200 10 30 12,000 36,000
2 1 30 36 16,200 19,440
× 30 × 36 = 540
2
Σ 1740 28,200 55,440

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 28,200
𝑥̅ = = = 16.21 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐴 1740

𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 55,440
𝑦̅ = = = 31.9 𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐴 1740

95 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Find Centroid of the cross-section

Segment A (in2) 𝑥̃(in) 𝑦̃(in) 𝑥̃𝐴(in3) 𝑦̃𝐴(in3)

Rectangle 1 17.25 0 5.75 0 99.19
Rectangle 2 12 0 12.25 0 147
Rectangle 3 5.25 -4.75 9.75 -24.94 51.19
Rectangle 3 5.25 4.75 9.75 24.94 51.19
Σ 39.75 0 348.57

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 0
𝑥̅ = = =0𝑚
𝛴𝐴 39.75

𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 348.57
𝑦̅ = = = 8.77 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝐴 39.75

96 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Find Centroid of the cross-section

Segment A (in2) 𝑥̃(in) 𝑦̃(in) 𝑥̃𝐴(in3) 𝑦̃𝐴(in3)

Rectangle 1 9 5.5 0.5 49.5 4.5
Rectangle 2 24 0.5 12 12 298
Rectangle 3 9 5.5 23.5 49.5 211.5
42 111 514

𝛴𝑥̃𝐴 111
𝑥̅ = = = 2.64 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝐴 42

𝛴𝑦̃𝐴 514
𝑦̅ = = = 12.24 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝐴 42

97 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

For the machine element shown, locate the z coordinate of the center of gravity.

V, in3 𝑧̃ ,in 𝑧̃ V, in4

I 4 × 0.75 × 7 = 21 3.5 73.5
II 𝜋⁄2 × 22 × 0.75 = 4.7124 4×2 36.987
7+ = 7.849
3𝜋
III −𝜋 × 1.252 × 0.75 = −3.68 7 -25.76
IV 1×2×4=8 2 16
V −𝜋 × 1.252 × 1 = −2.453 2 -4.906
Σ 27.579 95.821

𝛴𝑧̃ 𝑉 95.821
𝑧̅ = = = 3.47 𝑖𝑛
𝛴𝑉 27.579

98 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

99 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim
Three particles (point masses) of mass 2 kg, 3 kg, and 3 kg, are welded to a
straight massless rod as shown in the figure. Find the location of the center of
mass of the assembly.

Solution Let us select the first mass, m1 D 2 kg, to be at the origin of our co-
ordinate system with the x-axis along the rod. Since all the three masses lie on
the x-axis, the center of mass will also lie on this axis. Let the center of mass
be located at xcm on the x-axis. Then,

Alternatively, we could find the center of mass by first replacing the two 3 kg
masses with a single 6 kg mass located in the middle of the two masses (the
center of mass of the two equal masses) and then calculate the value of xcm
for a two particle system consisting of the 2 kg mass and the 6 kg mass

100 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Two particles of mass m1 = 1 kg and m2 = 2 kg are located at coordinates
(1m, 2m) and (-2m, 5m), respectively, in the xy-plane. Find the location of
their center of mass.

Solution Let 𝑟⃗cm be the position vector of the center of mass. Then,

Thus the center of mass is located at the coordinates(-1m, 4m).

101 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

A structure is made up of three point masses, m1 = 1 kg; m2 = 2 kg and
m3 = 3 kg, connected rigidly by massless rods. At the moment of interest, the
coordinates of the three masses are (1.25 m, 3 m), (2 m, 2 m), and
(0.75 m, 0.5 m), respectively. Find the coordinates of the center of mass of the
structure.

Solution Let (xcm , ycm) be the coordinates of the mass-center. Then from the
definition of mass-center,

Similarly,

Thus the center of mass is located at the coordinates (1.25 m, 1.42 m).

102 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

Center of mass of a bent bar: A uniform bar of mass 4 kg is bent in the shape of an asymmetric ’Z’ as shown in
the figure. Locate the center of mass of the bar.

Solution. Since the bar is uniform along its length, we can divide it into three
straight segments. The mass of each segment is proportional to its length.
Therefore, if we let m2 = m3 = m, then m1 = 2m; and m1 + m2 + m3 = 4m = 4 kg
which gives m = 1 kg.

So

103 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

 Find Centroid of the cross-section or Area in figs

104 Statics by Dr. Ibrahim

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