BIOGAS

FROM BIOMASS
BIOMASS IN INDONESIA
BIOMASS POTENTIAL IN BALI
CONVERSION OF BIOMASS
METHANE FOR GLOBAL WARMING
PRINCIPLES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
THE ANAEROBIC PROCESS OF METHANE PRODUCTION IS ACCOMPANIED BY
SOME OTHER GASES WHICH ARE ALL CALLED “BIOGAS”
METHANE (CH4) : 40%-60%
Non-smelling, non-toxic, lighter than air.
CARBONE DIOXIDE (CO2): 30% - 60%
Colourless, Odourless, heavier than air, higher CO2 resulted in less calorie of biogas
OTHER GASES: 1- 5%
HYDROGEN (0-1%)
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S): 0-3%
AMMONIAC: (0-0,05%)
WATER VAPOUR
ENERGY CONTENT: HEATING VALUE
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PHASES
HYDROLYSIS ACIDIFICATION METHANE
FORMATION
TEMPERATURE OF FERMENTATION
SMALL SCALE BIOGAS SYSTEM
VIDEO
LARGE SCALE BIOGAS SYSTEM
 BIOMASS FOR BIOGAS
•ALL PLANTS WITH HIGH HYDROCARBON
•MANURE
CARBON (C)
IS IMPORTANCE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY FOR ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
NITROGEN (N)
COMPULSARY FOR THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA
A BALANCE CONTENT OF CARBON TO NITROGEN SO CALLED
“C/N RATIO”
 C/N = 60
TOO MUCH ENERGY BUT LESS BACTERIA RESULT IN LESS BIOGAS
PRODUCTION
C/N = 9
TOO MUCH NITROGEN PRODUCE MORE AMMONIAC (NH3)
RESULT IN LESS BIOGAS PRODUCTION
THE BEST C/N RATIO IS 10 TO 30
THE TIME BACTERIA NEED FOR ANAEROBIC
FERMENTATION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL IS CALLED
“ RETENTION TIME”
IF THE SUBTANCE SHOULD BE FERMENTED COMPLETELY, THE
RETENTION TIME CAN LAST UNTIL 6 MONTHS. IN PRACTICE
HOWEVER, THE RETENTION TIME IS DEPENDENT ON TEMPERATURE
AND LIES BETWEEN 30 AND 60 DAYS IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES
HOUSEHOLD BURNER : 200 – 450 L/H
INDUSTRIAL BURNER : 1000 – 3000 L/H
REFRIGERATOR (1OOLT) : 30 -75 L/H
GAS LAMP EQ TO 6O W BULB : 120 -150 L/H
BIOGAS ENGINE PER HP : 450 L/H
GENERATION OF 1kWh ELECTRICITY : 700 L/H
HOW MUCH COW DUNG IS REQUIRED TO PRIDUCE 3 m3 GAS
EVERY DAY?
Ø 1 kg Cow dung produces 40 lt biogas
Ø25 kg dung needed to produce 1 m3 Biogas , or 75 kg of cow dung
to produce 3m3 Biogas
ØFor medium size cow at least 5 buffalo which produce 15 kg
dung/day are required
ØRatio dung:water is 1:1, then it need 75 lt/day water
ØDaily feedstock volume become 150 lt (75lt dung +75lt water)
ØThe retention time is 50 days, thus the feedstock need
to produce 3m3 biogas/day is:
50 days x 150 lt/day = 7500 lt = 7,5 m3
The digester (without gas container) should design to
hold at least 7,5 m3 to 8 m3
A family consist of 6 person require biogas for:
a) Illumination lamp 2 lamp 3 hours/day
b) Cooking for 6 person
c) Water pumping 2kW motor 1 hour/day
The family have 4 cows and 6 pigs
What the capacity of digester should they build?
BIOMASSA FOR ELECTRICITY