Railing Sample Calculation PDF

3
ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED
CONTENTS
1.0 CONTENTS 3
2.0 DESIGN INFORMATION 4
3.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 1 5
4.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 2 12
5.0 DESIGN OF CHEQUERED PLATE 13
ANNEXURE
A EXPANSION BOLT DESIGN REPORT
DOC NO: N1864-2CL4-00-066 DOC TITLE: DESIGN OF HANDRAIL AND CHEQUERED PLATE Page 3 of 14
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2.0 DESIGN INFORMATION
2.1 Introduction
This document covers the design of Handrail for all platforms and chequered plate for Steel Floor inside Production of TOTAL
LUBE OIL BLENDING PLANT, SINGAPORE PROJECT.
2.2 Design Codes & Reference Documents
BS 5950:2000 Structural use of Steelwork in Building

N1864-2SP4-00-001 Design Basis for Civil & Structural Works
N1864-2DW1-00-004 General Notes for Steel Structure
2.3 Materials Specification
i) Structural Steel
2
Yield strength of steel, py 275 N/mm
ii) Structural Plates

2
Yield strength of plates, py 275 N/mm
iii) Structural Bolts ( Grade 8.8)

2
Shear Strength of Bolt, ps 375 N/mm
2
Bearing Strength of Bolt, pbb 1000 N/mm
2
Tension Strength of Bolt, pt 560 N/mm
iv) Structural Bolts ( Grade 4.6)

2
Shear Strength of Bolt, ps 160 N/mm
2
Bearing Strength of Bolt, pbb 460 N/mm
2
Tension Strength of Bolt, pt 240 N/mm
iv) Weld (AWS D1.1/D1.1 M E70XX )

2
Design strength of fillet weld, pw 225.5 N/mm
5
3.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 1
Type 1 Handrails are provided in all around the steel platforms, Concrete floors and steel stairs inside the plant. The
fall protection height of 1.1 m is provided all around the platforms level and access stairs. The typical details of
the handrail post is as shown below
Angle Post L 50x50x5

D=b = 50 mm
t = 5 mm
Height H = 1.16 m
Support interval L = 1.2 m
2
Weld strength pw = 225 N/mm
Horizontal force P = 0.36 kN/m BS 6399:Part 1, Table 4. Type of occupancy B & Light Traffic
Weld thickness a = 5 mm
Total vertical load V = 13.1 kg
Design Load PD = 1.6*P*l = 0.691 kN
Design Moment MD = PD *H = 0.802 kNm
Vertical Post Design -L 50x50x5
3
Zx = 3050 mm
2
Design strength = P yp = 275 N/mm
Moment capacity, Mcap = 1.2pyZx = 1.007 kNm
> MD , OK !
Design vertical load = 1.4*V = 0.183 kN
Design Lateral load = 0.691 kN
Design Moment = 0.802 kNm
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Handrail - HFCHS 42.4x3.2
Length of the Top Handrail = 1.2 m
Selfweight of Handrail DL = 3.1 kg/m

Lateral Load LL = 0.36 kN/m
Design Dead Load 1.4DL = 0.043 kN/m

Design Live Load 1.6LL = 0.576 kN/m
Vertical Bending Moment Mv = 0.01 kNm

Horizontal Bending Moment Mh = 0.10 kNm
Design is carried out in Staad.Pro and its result is as follows
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3.1 Design of Handrail Type 1 Connection to Steel Beam

Bolt Strength
Bolt Grade gr 4.6
Shear strength ps = 160 N/mm2 (Table30, BS5950-1:2000)
Bearing strength pbb = 460 N/mm2 (Table31, BS5950-1:2000)
Tensile strength pt = 240 N/mm2
(Table34, BS5950-1:2000)
Steel Details
Structural Steel Grade S275JR
Design strength of steel py = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate Tensile Strength Us = 410 N/mm2
Bearing strength of steel pbs = 460 N/mm2
(Table32, BS5950-1:2000)
Weld Strength
Welding Electrode Grade E70 XX
Ultimate Tensile Strength Ue = 480 N/mm2
Design strength of fillet welds pws = 225.5 N/mm2
(Table37, BS5950-1:2000)
FORCES
Vertical Load FV = 0.183 kN

Lateral Load FL = 0.691 kN
Moment M = 0.802 kNm
DESIGN FORCES
Design Vertical Shear force FV = 183 N

Axial force FL = 691 N
Torsion in Bolt T = 802 Nm
GENERAL DATA
Nominal diameter of the bolt d = 12 mm

Weld Size S = 5 mm
Area bolt shank A bs = 113 mm2
Net area of the bolt A nb = 88 mm2 (Ref: BS4190-2001,Table 16)
Diameter of the hole D = 13 mm (Ref: BS5950-part1, Table33)
Total number of the bolts Nb = 2
Vertical Edge Distance (Bottom) C = 30 mm >1.4D
Vertical c/c distance between bolts A = 60 mm >2.5d
Vertical Edge Distance (Top) E = 30 mm >1.4D
Bolt Eccentricity from Gusset End e = 160 mm
Depth of Gusset plate H = 120 mm
Angle Horiz. Edge Distance B = 20 mm
Gusset thickness Gt = 10 mm
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Maximum stresses on bolt
Vertical shear: due to F v Tv1 = Fv/Nb = 183 / 2

91.5 N
Horizontal shear: due to F hl Th1 = Fhl/Nb = 691 / 2
345.5 N
Shear due to moment on bolt T h2 = T/A = 802/ (60*0.001)
= 13366.67 N
2 2 0.5 =
Shear vector sum on Bolt , St = [(Tv1) +(Th1+Th2) ] SQRT[(345.5+ 13366.67)² + (91.5)²]
13712 N
A.) CHECK FOR SHEAR
Shear capacity of one bolt Ps = ps·Anb = 160 x 88
= 14080 N
Check for shear St < Ps --> 13712 < 14080 OK
B.) CHECK FOR BEARING

Web padding wp = 0 mm
Bearing capacity of one bolt P bb = Bd·twb·pbb = 12 x 10 x 460
= 55200 N
Bearing capacity of connected ply Pbs = Bd·twb·pbs = 12 x 10 x 460
= 55200 N
but ≤ 1/2·MIN(C,E)·Gt·pbs = 0.5 x MIN(30,30) x 10 x 460
(for Fin plate check) = 69000 N
Check for bearing capacity of beam Pbs > St --> 55200 > 13712 OK
C.) HORIZONTAL TEARING THROUGH WEB HOLES

Minimum clear edge distance Ed = B-D/2 = 13.5 mm
Pt = Nb·Ed·twb·py = 2 x 13.5 x 10 x 275
74250 N
Check for Horizontal tearing Pt > Fhl --> 74250 > 691 OK
D.) GUSSET CHECK

Vertical shear force Svs = 183 N
Shear area of Gusset Av = 0.9*A

= 0.9*(120*10)
= 1080 mm²
Net Shear Area Avnet = 820 mm2
0.85*Av / Ke = 765 mm2 Avnet > 0.85*Av/Ke
Therefore, Pv = 0.6 x 275 x 1080

= 178200
Check for shear Pv > Svs --> 178200 > 183 OK
9
Total Moment M = T + F v*e

= 802+183*0.16
= 831.28 Nm
Elastic Section Modulus Z = G t*H² / 6 mm³
= 24000 mm³
Capacity 1.2*py*Z = 7920 Nm
Check for moment 1.2*py*Z > M --> 7920 > 831.28 OK
E.) CHECK FOR WELDING
Throat Size of Weld a = 0.707*S

= 3.535 mm
Area of Weld A = 2*a*H
= 848.4 mm²
Centroid of Weld in X-X axis ry = H/2
= 60 mm
Moment of Inertial about X-X Axis Iwx = (a*H³/6)
4
1018080 mm
Shear Stress Parallel to Weld Direction = 0.216 N/mm²
Normal Stress vertical to Weld Direction = 48.991 N/mm²
S w      II
2 2
Combined Stress = 48.991 N/mm²
< 225.50 N/mm² OK
10
3.2 Design of Handrail Type 1 Connection to Concrete Floor
The Handrail supported on the concrete floor are by means of Plate with expansion bolt. The design
is carried out using "Hilti PROFIS Anchor 2.4.6" by HILTI ANCHORS.
Steel Details
Structural Steel Grade S275JR
Design strength of steel py = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate Tensile Strength Us = 410 N/mm2
Bearing strength of steel = 2
pbs 460 N/mm (Table32, BS5950-1:2000)
Weld Strength
Welding Electrode Grade E70 XX
Ultimate Tensile Strength Ue = 480 N/mm2
Design strength of fillet welds = 2
pws 225.5 N/mm (Table37, BS5950-1:2000)
FORCES
Vertical Load FV = 0.183 kN

Lateral Load FL = 0.691 kN
Moment M = 0.802 kNm
DESIGN FORCES
Design Vertical Shear force FV = 183 N

Axial force FL = 691 N
Moment M = 802 Nm
GENERAL DATA
Nominal diameter of the bolt d = 12 mm

Weld Size S = 5 mm
Diameter of the hole D = 14 mm
Total number of the bolts Nb = 2
Vertical Edge Distance (Bottom) C = 50 mm
Horizontal c/c distance between bolts A = 110 mm
Vertical Edge Distance (Top) E = 50 mm
Horizontal Edge Distance g = 30 mm
Depth of Gusset plate H = 100 mm
Width of Gusset Plate B = 170 mm
Gusset thickness Gt = 10 mm
For Design Report, refer Annexure A.
11
CHECK FOR WELDING
Throat Size of Weld a = 0.707*S

= 3.535 mm
Area of Weld A = 2*a*H
= 707 mm²
Centroid of Weld in X-X axis ry = H/2
= 50 mm
Moment of Inertial about X-X Axis Iwx = (a*H³/6)
589166.7 mm4
Shear Stress Parallel to Weld Direction = 0.259 N/mm²
Normal Stress vertical to Weld Direction = 68.062 N/mm²
S w      II
2 2
Combined Stress = 68.062 N/mm²
< 225.50 N/mm² OK
12
4.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 2
Type 2 Handrails are provided in Ancillary office Building concrete stairs. The fall protection height of 1.1 m
is provided from concrete stair pitch line. The typical details of Type 2 Handrail is as shown below.
Pipe Post CHS 42.4X3.2

D=b = 42.4 mm
t = 3.2 mm
Height H = 1.30 m
Support interval L = 1.00 m
2
Weld strength pw = 225 N/mm
Horizontal force P = 0.36 kN/m BS 6399:Part 1, Table 4. Type of occupancy B & Light Traffic
Weld thickness a = 5 mm
Total vertical load V = 19.932 kg
Design Load PD = 1.6*P*l = 0.576 kN
Design Moment MD = PD *H = 0.749 kNm
Vertical Post Design -CHS 42.4X3.2
3
Zx = 3590 mm
2
Design strength = P yp = 275 N/mm
Moment capacity, Mcap = 1.2pyZx = 1.185 kNm
> MD , OK !
Design vertical load = 1.4*V = 0.279 kN
Design Lateral load = 0.576 kN
Design Moment = 0.749 kNm
The connection between handrail and concrete stair shall be same as Type 1 Handrail to concrete floor.
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5.0 DESIGN OF CHEQUERED PLATE
The Chequered plates are used for flooring in Steel platform inside the Production Building. The live load for the
design is considered as 5 kN/m². The support spacing for the chequered plate is 1.0 m interval. The yield strength
of the chequered plates is 275 N/mm². The steel floor arrangment is as shown below.
The Design of chequered plate is done based on "ROARK'S FORMULAS FOR STRESS AND STRAIN -
Chapter 11 Flat Plates" by Warren C. Young and Richard G. Budynas.
As per Table 11.4, Case 1 having Loading case 1a,
 * q * b²
Maximum Bending stress  MAX   b 
t²
  * q *b4
Maximum Deflection YMAX 
E * t³
14
Young's Modulus E = 205000 N/mm²

Thickness of Plain Plate t = 10 mm
Live Load LL = 5 kN/m²
Density of Steel = 78.5 kN/m³
Plate Dimension a = 4500 mm
Plate Dimension b = 1000 mm
Yield strength Py = 275 N/mm²
a/b = 4.5
From above Table, for a/b =4.5
(after interpolation)  = 0.7443
 = 0.1409
Dead Load DL = 0.824 kN/m²

Live Load LL = 5 kN/m²
Total Load q = 5.824 kN/m²
Design load for calculating bending stress = 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL

= 9.154 kN/m²
Maximum Bending stress = 68.133 N/mm²

Allowable Bending Stress (1.2*Py) = 330 N/mm²
HENCE, SAFE
Maximum Deflection = 4.003 mm

Allowable Deflection Min(L/180,5) = 5.000 mm
HENCE, SAFE
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ANNEXURE
A. EXPANSION BOLT DESIGN REPORT

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www.hilti.com.sg Profis Anchor 2.4.6
Company: ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED Page: 1
Specifier: Project: TOTAL LLOBP
Address: 17 TUAS AVENUE 20 Fastening Point: CONCRETE FLOOR
Phone I Fax: | Date: 8/29/2014
E-Mail:
Specifier's comments:
1 Input data
Anchor type and size: HST M12
Effective embedment depth: hef = 70 mm, hnom = 80 mm
Material:
Approval No.: ETA 98/0001
Issued I Valid: 5/8/2013 | 2/20/2018
Proof: design method ETAG (No. 001 Annex C/2010)
Stand-off installation: eb = 0 mm (no stand-off); t = 10 mm
Baseplate: S275JR; E = 205000.00 N/mm2; fyk = 275.00 N/mm2
lx x ly x t = 170 mm x 100 mm x 10 mm; (Recommended plate thickness: calculated)
Profile: Flat bar; (L x W x T) = 100 mm x 50 mm x 0 mm
Base material: cracked concrete, , fcc = 40.00 N/mm2; h = 300 mm
Reinforcement: Reinforcement spacing < 150 mm (any Ø) or < 100 mm (Ø <= 10 mm)
with longitudinal edge reinforcement d >= 12 + close mesh (stirrups, hangers) s <=
Reinforcement to control splitting according to ETAG 001, Annex C, 5.2.2.6 present.
Geometry [mm] & Loading [kN, kNm]
Input data and results must be checked for agreement with the existing conditions and for plausibility!
PROFIS Anchor ( c ) 2003-2009 Hilti AG, FL-9494 Schaan Hilti is a registered Trademark of Hilti AG, Schaan
17
E-Mail:
y
2 Load case/Resulting anchor forces
Load case: Design loads
Anchor reactions [kN]

Tension force: (+Tension, -Compression)
Anchor Tension force Shear force Shear force x Shear force y
1 9.370 0.092 0.000 0.092
2 9.370 0.092 0.000 0.092 1 x 2
Tension
max. concrete compressive strain: 0.42 [‰]
max. concrete compressive stress: 12.72 [N/mm2]
resulting tension force in (x/y)=(0/0): 18.740 [kN]
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(0/-44): 18.049 [kN]
Compression
3 Tension load (ETAG, Annex C, Section 5.2.2)

Load [kN] Capacity [kN] Utilisation bN [%] Status
Steel failure* 9.370 30.000 32 OK
Pull-out failure* 9.370 10.119 93 OK
Concrete cone failure** 18.740 22.159 85 OK
Splitting failure** N/A N/A N/A N/A
* most unfavourable anchor **anchor group (anchors in tension)
3.1 Steel failure

NRk,s [kN] gM,s NRd,s [kN] NSd [kN]
45.000 1.500 30.000 9.370
3.2 Pull-out failure

NRk,p [kN] yc gM,p NRd,p [kN] NSd [kN]
12.000 1.265 1.500 10.119 9.370
3.3 Concrete cone failure

Ac,N [mm2] A0c,N [mm2] ccr,N [mm] scr,N [mm]
65600 44100 105 210
ec1,N [mm] yec1,N ec2,N [mm] yec2,N ys,N yre,N k1
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 0.850 7.200
N0Rk,c [kN] gM,c NRd,c [kN] NSd [kN]
26.669 1.500 22.159 18.740
18
E-Mail:
4 Shear load (ETAG, Annex C, Section 5.2.3)

Load [kN] Capacity [kN] Utilisation bV [%] Status
Steel failure (without lever arm)* 0.092 28.000 1 OK
Steel failure (with lever arm)* N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pryout failure** 0.183 48.750 1 OK
Concrete edge failure in direction y+** 0.183 22.295 1 OK
* most unfavourable anchor **anchor group (relevant anchors)
4.1 Steel failure (without lever arm)

VRk,s [kN] gM,s VRd,s [kN] VSd [kN]
35.000 1.250 28.000 0.092
4.2 Pryout failure

Ac,N [mm2] A0c,N [mm2] ccr,N [mm] scr,N [mm] k-factor
65600 44100 105 210 2.200
ec1,V [mm] yec1,N ec2,V [mm] yec2,N ys,N yre,N N0Rk,c [kN]
0 1.000 0 1.000 0.986 0.850 26.669
gM,c,p VRd,c1 [kN] VSd [kN]

1.500 48.750 0.183
4.3 Concrete edge failure in direction y+

lf [mm] dnom [mm] k1 a b
70 12.0 1.700 0.084 0.065
c1 [mm] Ac,V [mm2] A0c,V [mm2]
100 61500 45000
ys,V yh,V ya,V ec,V [mm] yec,V yre,V

1.000 1.000 1.000 0 1.000 1.400
V0Rk,c [kN] gM,c VRd,c [kN] VSd [kN]
17.479 1.500 22.295 0.183
5 Combined tension and shear loads (ETAG, Annex C, Section 5.2.4)

bN bV a Utilisation bN,V [%] Status
0.926 0.008 1.000 78 OK
(bN + bV) / 1.2 <= 1
6 Displacements (highest loaded anchor)

Short term loading:
NSk = 6.941 [kN] dN = 0.122 [mm]
VSk = 0.068 [kN] dV = 0.013 [mm]
dNV = 0.122 [mm]
Long term loading:
NSk = 6.941 [kN] dN = 1.461 [mm]
VSk = 0.068 [kN] dV = 0.019 [mm]
dNV = 1.461 [mm]
Comments: Tension displacements are valid with half of the required installation torque moment for uncracked concrete! Shear displacements
are valid without friction between the concrete and the baseplate! The gap due to the drilled hole and clearance hole tolerances are not
included in this calculation!
The acceptable anchor displacements depend on the fastened construction and must be defined by the designer!
19
E-Mail:
7 Warnings
• To avoid failure of the baseplate the required thickness can be calculated in PROFIS Anchor. Load re-distributions on the anchors due to
elastic deformations of the baseplate are not considered. The baseplate is assumed to be sufficiently stiff, in order not to be deformed when
subjected to the loading!
• Checking the transfer of loads into the base material is required in accordance with ETAG 001, Annex C(2010)Section 7! The software
considers that the grout is installed under the baseplate without creating air voids and before application of the loads.
• The design is only valid if the clearance hole in the fixture is not larger than the value given in Table 4.1 of ETAG 001, Annex C! For larger
diameters of the clearance hole see Chapter 1.1. of ETAG 001, Annex C!
• The accessory list in this report is for the information of the user only. In any case, the instructions for use provided with the product have to
be followed to ensure a proper installation.
Fastening meets the design criteria!
20
E-Mail:
8 Installation data
Baseplate, steel: S275JR; E = 205000.00 N/mm2; fyk = 275.00 N/mm2 Anchor type and size: HST, M12
Profile: Flat bar; 100 x 50 x 0 mm Installation torque: 0.060 kNm
Hole diameter in the fixture: df = 14 mm Hole diameter in the base material: 12 mm
Plate thickness (input): 10 mm Hole depth in the base material: 95 mm
Recommended plate thickness: calculated Minimum thickness of the base material: 140 mm
Cleaning: Manual cleaning of the drilled hole according to instructions for use is required.
8.1 Required accessories
Drilling Cleaning Setting

• Suitable Rotary Hammer • Manual blow-out pump • Torque wrench
• Properly sized drill bit • Hammer
85 85
50
50
1 2
50
50
30 110 30
Coordinates Anchor [mm]

Anchor x y c-x c+x c-y c+y
1 -55 0 - - 210 100
2 55 0 - - 210 100
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9 Remarks; Your Cooperation Duties

• Any and all information and data contained in the Software concern solely the use of Hilti products and are based on the principles, formulas
and security regulations in accordance with Hilti's technical directions and operating, mounting and assembly instructions, etc., that must be
strictly complied with by the user. All figures contained therein are average figures, and therefore use-specific tests are to be conducted
prior to using the relevant Hilti product. The results of the calculations carried out by means of the Software are based essentially on the
data you put in. Therefore, you bear the sole responsibility for the absence of errors, the completeness and the relevance of the data to be
put in by you. Moreover, you bear sole responsibility for having the results of the calculation checked and cleared by an expert, particularly
with regard to compliance with applicable norms and permits, prior to using them for your specific facility. The Software serves only as an
aid to interpret norms and permits without any guarantee as to the absence of errors, the correctness and the relevance of the results or
suitability for a specific application.
• You must take all necessary and reasonable steps to prevent or limit damage caused by the Software. In particular, you must arrange for
the regular backup of programs and data and, if applicable, carry out the updates of the Software offered by Hilti on a regular basis. If you do
not use the AutoUpdate function of the Software, you must ensure that you are using the current and thus up-to-date version of the Software
in each case by carrying out manual updates via the Hilti Website. Hilti will not be liable for consequences, such as the recovery of lost or
damaged data or programs, arising from a culpable breach of duty by you.

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3

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

2.0 DESIGN INFORMATION 4

3.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 1 5

4.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 2 12

5.0 DESIGN OF CHEQUERED PLATE 13

A EXPANSION BOLT DESIGN REPORT

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

2.0 DESIGN INFORMATION

2.2 Design Codes & Reference Documents

BS 5950:2000 Structural use of Steelwork in Building

2.3 Materials Specification

ii) Structural Plates

iii) Structural Bolts ( Grade 8.8)

iv) Structural Bolts ( Grade 4.6)

iv) Weld (AWS D1.1/D1.1 M E70XX )

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

3.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 1

Angle Post L 50x50x5

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

Handrail - HFCHS 42.4x3.2

Length of the Top Handrail = 1.2 m

Selfweight of Handrail DL = 3.1 kg/m

Design Dead Load 1.4DL = 0.043 kN/m

Vertical Bending Moment Mv = 0.01 kNm

Design is carried out in Staad.Pro and its result is as follows

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

3.1 Design of Handrail Type 1 Connection to Steel Beam

Vertical Load FV = 0.183 kN

Design Vertical Shear force FV = 183 N

Nominal diameter of the bolt d = 12 mm

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

Maximum stresses on bolt

Vertical shear: due to F v Tv1 = Fv/Nb = 183 / 2

B.) CHECK FOR BEARING

C.) HORIZONTAL TEARING THROUGH WEB HOLES

D.) GUSSET CHECK

Shear area of Gusset Av = 0.9*A

Therefore, Pv = 0.6 x 275 x 1080

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

Total Moment M = T + F v*e

Check for moment 1.2*py*Z > M --> 7920 > 831.28 OK

E.) CHECK FOR WELDING

Throat Size of Weld a = 0.707*S

Normal Stress vertical to Weld Direction = 48.991 N/mm²

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

3.2 Design of Handrail Type 1 Connection to Concrete Floor

Vertical Load FV = 0.183 kN

Design Vertical Shear force FV = 183 N

Nominal diameter of the bolt d = 12 mm

For Design Report, refer Annexure A.

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

CHECK FOR WELDING

Throat Size of Weld a = 0.707*S

Normal Stress vertical to Weld Direction = 68.062 N/mm²

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

4.0 DESIGN OF HANDRAIL - TYPE 2

Pipe Post CHS 42.4X3.2

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

5.0 DESIGN OF CHEQUERED PLATE

As per Table 11.4, Case 1 having Loading case 1a,

ROTARY ENGINEERING LIMITED

Young's Modulus E = 205000 N/mm²

Check for moment 1.2pyZ > M --> 7920 > 831.28 OK