Professional Documents
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CI/SfB
(27.9) Rn7 M2
Eighth Issue April 2017
Inverted Roofs
INSULATION FOR PROTECTED MEMBRANE FLAT ROOFS
AND GREEN ROOFS
Low Energy –
Low Carbon Buildings
Typical Constructions and U–values
2
Concrete Deck with Gravel Ballast
Dense Concrete Deck with Suspended Ceiling Dense Concrete Deck with no Ceiling
Damp proof course (DPC) Kingspan Kooltherm ®
Damp proof course (DPC) Kingspan Kooltherm®
K106 or K108 Cavity Board K106 or K108 Cavity Board
Cover flashing taken up as high as the flat Cover flashing taken up as high as the flat
roof insulation upstand roof insulation upstand
Gravel ballast Gravel ballast
Kingspan Kingspan
AQUAZONE® AQUAZONE®
Figure 2 Figure 3
3
Typical Constructions and U–values
Green Roofs
Semi−intensive Green Roof Covering with No Ceiling Intensive Green Roof Covering with No Ceiling
Kingspan Kingspan
AQUAZONE® AQUAZONE®
Figure 4 Figure 5
4
Design Considerations
Reducing Linear Thermal Bridging should be used to reduce thermal bridging, using Kingspan
Detailing at junctions to minimise the effects of thermal Purlcrete®chevron with a separate backing layer of
bridging and the associated risk of condensation or mould Kingspan Styrozone® (see Figure 9). A similar approach
growth is important and there are some simple design can also reduce losses where a change in levels is
considerations that can be adopted to help mitigate the risks required (see Figure 11).
and to reduce heat losses. l Lightweight aggregate blockwork to the inner leaf of wall
l Care is required to ensure continuation of insulation constructions can help to improve thermal performance
wherever possible between the wall and roof for best at junctions generally and where used for the inner leaf of
thermal performance. Where this is not possible, the roof parapet walls it can help to reduce losses (see Figure 10).
and wall insulation should be overlapped and ideally,
insulation material introduced between. Sustainability & Responsibility
l Parapet detailing can represent a good, low heat loss Kingspan Insulation has a long−term commitment to
approach, with insulation continuity maintained using an sustainability and responsibility: as a manufacturer and supplier
insulated upstand to reduce cold bridging. A Kingspan of insulation products; as an employer; as a substantial
Purlcrete®chevron upstand should be used around the landholder; and as a key member of its neighbouring
communities.
perimeter of the roof on the internal façade of parapets.
The upstand should extend a minimum of 150 mm above A report covering the sustainability and responsibility of
the roof insulation and achieve a minimum distance of Kingspan Insulation Ltd’s British operations at its Pembridge,
300 mm between the top of the insulation upstand and Herefordshire and Selby, North Yorkshire manufacturing
the bottom of the horizontal roof insulation. Wall insulation facilities is available at
should be carried up into parapets at least as high as the www.kingspaninsulation.co.uk/sustainabilityandresponsibility.
flat roof insulation upstand.
5
Design Considerations
6
Wind Loads Design Details
The resistance of the waterproofing system, insulation and Paving Slab Ballasted Protected Membrane Roof Details
ballast to wind uplift should be assessed in accordance with
Paving slabs Kingspan Kingspan Mineral surfaced
BS 6399–2: 1997 (Loading for buildings. Code of practice for on cruciform AQUAZONE® Purlcrete chevron
®
bituminous felt layer
supports
wind loads) or BS / I.S. EN 1991−1−4: 2005 (National Annex Gravel
150 mm
to Eurocode 1 Actions on structures. General Actions. min.
Flotation
The ballast specifications detailed in the ‘Wind Loads’ section Insulation*
The fall on a flat roof, constructed using Kingspan Styrozone®, Figure 7 – Eave / Gutter Detail
is normally provided by the supporting structure being directed
towards the rainwater outlets. The fall should be smooth and Kingspan Styrozone® Paving slabs Kingspan
on cruciform AQUAZONE®
steep enough to prevent the formation of rainwater ponds. supports
Gravel
In order to ensure adequate drainage, BS 6229: 2003 (Flat
roofs with continuously supported coverings. Code of practice)
recommends uniform gradients of not less than 1 in 80.
However, because of building settlement, it is advisable to
design in even greater falls.
* NB The insulation specification will depend on the full build up and facade finish.
7
Design Considerations
Rainfall Factors
The requirements of BS / I.S. EN ISO 6946: 2007 part D.4.2
Kingspan AQUAZONE® Aluminium Paving slabs Mastic asphalt
(Correction due to water flowing beneath the insulation and
Proprietary
edge trim on cruciform waterproofing the waterproofing membrane) dictate that inverted roof
Kingspan supports
mechanical fixing
Styrozone® constructions are subject to a geographical rainfall analysis.
Vertical insulation
Kingspan The cooling effect of rainwater flowing between and beneath
Purlcrete®chevron
backed by an the insulation boards, can mean that greater thicknesses of
additional layer of
Kingspan Styrozone® insulation are required to meet desired U−values, particularly in
locations that receive high levels of rainfall.
Screed to falls Gravel (paving slab) Concrete deck Non–woven polyester This reduction in rainwater flow is represented by the infiltration
fleece layer (if required)
(fx) factor of the membrane. The fx factor of a membrane is
Figure 9 – Internal Gutter fall (gradient) specific, and an fx factor measured on a fall can
not be used to represent the performance of a membrane if
®
Kingspan Kooltherm K106 or K108 Cavity Board
taken up as high as the flat roof insulation upstand
installed horizontally.
Kingspan Cover flashing
AQUAZONE®
Kingspan
Damp proof course
Drainage
Purlcrete®chevron
upstand min. 300 mm The number and type of rainwater outlets should be
Kingspan from bottom surface of 150 mm
Styrozone® horizontal insulation layer min. assessed in accordance with BS EN 12056–3: 2000 (Gravity
drainage systems inside buildings. Roof drainage, layout and
Damp–proof calculation). The rainwater outlets should be double entry
course to drain
internally or type, to allow rainwater to be drained from the roof surface at
externally as
specified both the membrane level and the upper surface level. When
Lightweight block using paving slabs as ballast, on a roof with a finished fall of
less than 1:80, they must be laid on supports, in order to aid
drainage.
Mastic asphalt Paving slabs on Concrete Screed Non–woven polyester fleece
waterproofing cruciform supports deck to falls layer (if required)
The drainage of green roofs should be carefully considered,
Figure 10 – Parapet Abutment especially in the case of intensive systems, which may require
a moisture retention layer to ensure adequate moisture levels
Kingspan Paving slabs on Proprietary Non–woven for the system but still allow the rapid drainage of excess
AQUAZONE® cruciform supports mechanical fixing polyester fleece
layer (if required) rainwater. Dam type rainwater outlets that hold water in
Aluminium edge trim the system are not recommended, as the depth of water
Upstand insulation may create a moisture vapour impermeable layer above the
Kingspan Purlcrete®chevron
backed by an additional layer insulation.
of Kingspan Styrozone®
Kingspan
Styrozone®
8
Roof Waterproofing
Kingspan Styrozone® is suitable for use over some fully Types of Green Roof
adhered single–ply waterproofing membranes. Green roof systems can be divided into three main categories.
Kingspan Styrozone® is also suitable for use over mastic Extensive green roofs comprise a relatively shallow growing
asphalt waterproofing systems. Mastic asphalt waterproofing medium and low maintenance vegetation such as grass.
should be laid, where applicable, in accordance with They are lightweight, simple to design, construct and
BS 8218: 1998 (Code of practice for mastic asphalt roofing). maintain, but should not be considered suitable for regular
Mastic asphalt should always be laid over an isolating layer of traffic or recreational activities. Extensive systems are
loose–laid Type 4A sheathing felt to BS 747: 2000 (Reinforced especially useful in creating green areas for both ecological
bitumen sheets for roofing. Specification). and aesthetic reasons.
Kingspan Styrozone® is also suitable for use over some hot Semi–intensive green roofs comprise a deeper growing
and cold liquid applied waterproofing systems. medium and vegetation such as grass, perennials and
Mastic asphalt, some single–ply and some hot liquid applied shrubs. They are designed to be more garden–like and to
waterproofing systems require a separation layer (non−woven accommodate limited access for maintenance and recreation.
polyester fleece layer, 130 –140 g/m2, with an overlap of 250 – Intensive green roofs have a much deeper growing medium
300 mm) positioned between the membrane and the insulation. and a wider variety of flora, including grass, shrubs and smaller
Waterproofing systems containing solvents should be allowed trees. They are comparable with normal gardens in respect of
to fully cure before installing Kingspan Styrozone® insulation. maintenance, and can be used for recreation activities.
The self weight of the system can be very high, due to the
Water Vapour Control increased soil depth.
Protected membrane roofs are inherently safe in respect of Careful design and detailing of all roof types is important and
condensation risk. The roof design can be assessed includes the following elements.
for the risk of interstitial condensation using BS 5250: 2002
Growing Medium
(Code of practice for control of condensation in buildings)
In its simplest form this is normal soil. Specialist mixtures are
or BS 6229: 2003 (Flat roofs with continuously supported
available, incorporating expanded clay and lava rock, which
coverings. Code of practice).
form the growing medium and have filtration, drainage and
moisture retention functions.
Green Roofs
Drainage Layer
Benefits
The drainage layer normally consists of either: a layer of
Green roofs, are an alternative to the standard protected
washed gravel 8/16; expanded clay; or a specialist ‘egg
membrane roof that offer many advantages but require precise
carton’ or castellated plastic (HDPE) sheeting; all overlaid with
design and detailing.
a filtration membrane. The drainage layer allows the rapid
Specifically they can: removal of excess rainwater from the roof, thus avoiding
l r educe dust levels and improve humidity; saturation of the soil and the associated increase in weight.
l p
rovide a habitat for wildlife; Moisture Retention Layer
l c
reate usable areas for recreational activities; The limited depth of soil, especially in the extensive type of
l r etain
roof, may require the use of a moisture retention layer to
rainfall thus prevent water surges into the
ensure sufficient water is available for the vegetation.
drainage system;
l improve sound insulation; and Root Barrier
l p
rovide
The roots of growing plants can seriously damage waterproof
a visually more attractive finish than protected
membranes, by growing into any small cracks, lap joints
membrane roofs with gravel or paving slab ballast.
or other discontinuities. A root barrier may be formed by a
separate cap sheet of polythene, or bitumen felt incorporating
a thin copper film. The cap sheet is either adhered or loose–
laid onto the waterproof membrane, with all joints sealed by
bonding or welding, and must be continued up vertical faces
of upstands.
9
Sitework
Roof Gardens
Second and fourth insulation layer,
if required, offset relative to first and third. l Having chosen the type of planting system and correctly
Figure 12 Offsetting of Multiple Insulation Layers detailed the various filter layers, moisture retention layers
and growing medium, the installation, especially of
l Roof–light or ventilator kerbs, gutter etc. should always be extensive systems, is quick and simple.
insulated (Kingspan Purlcrete®chevron with a separate l A root barrier (unless provided by the waterproofing layer)
backing layer of Kingspan Styrozone®) to the same
should be loose–laid on or bonded to the waterproofing
U–value as the general roof area.
membrane with all the laps sealed.
l A Kingspan Purlcrete®chevron upstand should be used
l The root barrier should be turned up at the edge of the roof
around the perimeter of the roof on the internal façade of
insulation and sealed under the flashing.
parapets.
l Kingspan Styrozone® should be installed as described
l A minimum distance of 300 mm should be maintained
previously.
between the top of the insulation upstand and the bottom
of the horizontal roof insulation. l Boards should be overlaid with Kingspan AQUAZONE®,
which should be installed as described previously.
l Boards can be laid in any weather but, due to the light weight
of the boards, care must be taken in windy conditions.
10
Product Details
Composition
l A filtration layer or combined filtration layer / drainage mat is Kingspan Styrozone® N 300 R, N 500 R
then installed, per its manufacturer’s instructions. and N 700 R are high performance rigid
l The growing medium, generally 50 – 200 mm deep is then extruded polystyrene insulants with a fibre–
installed. Specialist spray systems are available, which allow free core. They are manufactured with a
the application of growing medium and grass / plant seed blowing agent that has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
to be applied in one operation. and low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and has a smooth,
l The depth of growing medium should be assessed for wind dense skin on both faces.
loads in accordance with BS 6399–2: 1997 (Loading for
buildings. Code of practice for wind loads) or BS / I.S. EN Standard Dimensions
1991−1−4: 2005 (National Annex to Eurocode 1 Actions All products in the Kingspan Styrozone® range are available in
on structures. General Actions. Wind Actions). BRE Digest the following standard size:
295 gives specific design guidelines for loose–laid insulation Nominal Dimension Availability
systems. Length (m) 1.25
Width (m) 0.6
General Insulant Thickness
(mm) Refer to local distributor or
Kingspan Insulation price list for
Cutting current stock and non–stock sizes.
l Cutting should be carried out either by using a fine toothed Edge Profile Rebated
saw, or by scoring with a sharp knife and snapping the
board over a straight edge. Compressive Strength
l Ensure accurate trimming to achieve close–butting joints The compressive strength of Kingspan Styrozone®
and continuity of insulation. N 300 R, N 500 R and N 700 R typically exceeds 300 kPa
at 10% compression, when tested to EN 826: 2013 (Thermal
Availability
insulating product for building applications. Determination of
l Kingspan Styrozone® is available through specialist
compression behaviour).
insulation distributors and selected roofing merchants
throughout the UK and Ireland.
Thermal Expansion
Packaging and Storage The linear thermal expansion coefficient of Kingspan
l The polyethylene packaging of Kingspan Insulation
Styrozone® is 0.07 mm/m.K.
products, which is recyclable, should not be considered
adequate for outside protection.
l Ideally, boards should be stored inside a well ventilated
building. If, however, outside storage cannot be avoided,
then the boards should be stacked clear of the ground
and covered with a pale pigmented polythene sheet or
weatherproof tarpaulin.
l Kingspan Styrozone® should not be left in the sun covered
by either a transparent or a dark plastic sheet, since in
both cases, board temperatures can build up to a level hot
enough to appreciably alter their dimensions or warp them.
11
Product Details
12
Kingspan Insulation
13
Contact Details
UK – Tel: +44 (0) 1544 387 383 Kingspan Insulation Ltd. reserves the right to amend product specifications without prior notice.
– Fax: +44 (0) 1544 387 483 Product thicknesses shown in this document should not be taken as being available ex–stock
and reference should be made to the current Kingspan Insulation price–list or advice sought
– email: tapered@kingspaninsulation.co.uk from Kingspan Insulation’s Customer Service Department (see above left). The information,
technical details and fixing instructions etc. included in this literature are given in good faith
Ireland – Tel: +353 (0) 42 975 4297 and apply to uses described. Recommendations for use should be verified for suitability and
– Fax: +353 (0) 42 975 4296 compliance with actual requirements, specifications and any applicable laws and regulations.
For other applications or conditions of use, Kingspan Insulation offers a Technical Advisory
– email: tapered@kingspaninsulation.ie Service (see above), the advice of which should be sought for uses of Kingspan Insulation
products that are not specifically described herein. Please check that your copy of this literature
is current by contacting the Kingspan Insulation Marketing Department (see left).
®
Kingspan, AQUAZONE, KoolDuct, Kooltherm, nilvent, OPTIM-R, Purlcrete, Styrozone, TEK and the Lion Device are Registered Trademarks of the Kingspan Group plc in the UK, Ireland and other countries. All rights reserved.
TM
Therma is a Trademark of the Kingspan Group plc.
Registered in England & Wales, No. 01882722. Registered Office: Pembridge, Leominster, Herefordshire HR6 9LA UK. VAT GB428602456.
Registered in Ireland, No. 54621. Registered Office: Bree Industrial Estate, Castleblayney, Co. Monaghan, Ireland. VAT IE4575069I.