Programa Historiografía

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Department of History
HISTORIOGRAPHY (HI323)
MODERN STREAM HANDBOOK
2014-15
Module Director: Dr Claudia Stein

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Cover illustration key

The portraits are of historians or thinkers who have influenced the study of history in
important ways. They are all examined on this module. They are, from top left corner,
and going left to right on each line as follows:
Leopold von Ranke Karl Marx Max Weber Marc Bloch
Walter Benjamin Fernand Braudel E.P. Thompson Carlo Ginzburg
Michel Foucault Edward Said Ranajit Guha Judith Walkowitz
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Introducing the module
This is a core module counting for one 30-CAT unit in Finals. It is compulsory for all
single-honours History students, optional for joint degree and other advanced students.
As a core module it complements teaching in specialised History modules, by providing
a broad context for understanding developments in the discipline of history during the
modern period. It asks students to consider what form of thinking and writing (what
kind of human endeavour) ‘history’ is, and to relate the historiographical developments
discussed during the course, to the works of history they study on Advanced Option and
Special Subject modules.
Historiography is also intended to develop students’ abilities in study, research, and oral
and written communication, through a programme of seminars, lectures and essay
work.
Context
Historiography has been designed to complement the learning which students will have
done so far in their work in the Department, both in core and optional modules. For all
students taking it, Historiography provides an overview of ‘doing History’ from the later
eighteenth-century onwards, the ideas that have underpinned historical research and
writing, and of recent theories of history (many of them drawn from other disciplines),
as they have been used by historians. It provides students with an opportunity to think
reflexively about the nature of the historical enterprise. You are encouraged to link your
studies in Historiography with your other third-year modules.
Syllabus
The module introduces students to some of the central thinkers on history writing since
the 18th century, the period in which modern history writing was first conceptualised
and practiced. The lectures engage closely with the ideas these men and women had on
how history should be pursued and what they believed its purpose was. However, ideas
do not float in empty space, and, therefore, the lectures take great care to locate these
changing ideas and practices within the specific socio-cultural environment in which
they were voiced.
Teaching and Learning

The module runs in Terms 1, and 2, and two weeks in Term 3. Teaching is through 20 x
1-hour lectures (9 in Term 1, 9 in Term 2, and 2 in Term 3).
They are all taught on Tuesdays at 10-11 am in the Arts Cinema (term 1) and in
HO.52 (term 2). There are 20 x 90 mins seminars, attached to the weekly lectures.
Seminar groups will normally consist of 12-16 students and will all take place on
Tuesday afternoon. Times and venues will be arranged before the beginning of term and
first lecture; they will be found on the History Department Third Year Notice Board, and
on the Historiography webpage. There are individual tutorials to discuss feedback on
three written assignments (non-assessed essays) over the course of the year. Tutors
may allow students to substitute mock exam answers for the third and final essay.
Lectures and Seminars:

Seminars follow the lectures and are always connected to them. Lecturers on this
module aim to provide both an introduction to the topic in hand, and a series of
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propositions about it. The perspectives of the lecture and the reading assigned by your
tutor make up the material discussed in the seminar. You are expected to read in
advance the basic texts set for that week.
Seminar Preparation:
In this Handbook each seminar is described in terms of reading Texts/Documents
/Arguments/Sources which, with the guidance of your seminar tutor, you should
complete as preparation for the seminar. It is important that you always read the set
text reading for the week, as familiarity with these texts forms one of the criteria in the
awarding of marks in the summer examination. For each seminar there is a list of
Questions to guide your reading and note-taking (some of these may also be adapted as
short-essay titles; an extended list of possible titles will be also found at the end of this
Handbook). Your seminar tutor may also assign additional or alternative readings from
the Background Seminar Reading lists. Additional readings are listed under different
headings to provide you with Bibliographies for essay-writing. Sometimes, these
additional or further readings and the questions they raise may be the focus of your
seminar group’s discussion. The summer examination paper is composed by the course
team that conducts the lectures and seminars, bearing in mind the experience of each
seminar group, as well as the lecture series.
General Surveys:
Bentley, Michael, Modern Historiography: An Introduction (1999). Focuses on broad
trends in largely European history-writing from the Enlightenment period onwards.
Berger, Stefan, H. Feldner and K. Passmore (eds), Writing History: Theory and Practice
(2003).
Brown, Callum, Postmodernism for Historians (2005), explains it very well and has a
super useful glossary of key terms!
Burrow, John, A History of Histories. Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from
Herodotus … to the Twentieth Century (2007).
Carr, E.H., What is History? (1961). A core text that you should read in full at the start of
the year.
Claus, Peter and John Marriott, History: An Introduction to Theory, Method and Practice
(2012)
Collingwood, R.G., The Idea of History (1946). A classic!)
Ermath, Elizabeth Deeds, History in the Discursive Condition: Reconsidering the Tools of
Thought (2011). Examines the state of history-writing in the light of the postmodern
challenge.
Green, Anna and Kathleen Troup (eds), The Houses of History: A Critical Reader in
Twentieth-century History and Theory (1999). This is particularly useful for the way it
introduces a theoretical and methodological vocabulary for studying twentieth-century
historiography.
Hughes-Warrington, Marnie, Fifty Key Thinkers on History (2008). Provides short essays
on fifty mainly European and US historians, historiographers, and thinkers who have
had an impact on history-writing.
Iggers, George G. and Q. Edward Wang, A Global History of Modern Historiography
(2008). Examines history-writing as a global phenomenon, getting away from the
Eurocentricity of much of the existing literature on historiography. Focuses on the
period covered in this module (in contrast to Woolf, below).
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Lambert, Peter and Schofield, Peter, Making History (2004). (very clear introduction to
the topic)
Munslow, A., The Routledge Companion to the Historical Studies (London, 2006) (library
electronic resource) excellent glossary of key terms!!!
Poster, Mark, Cultural History and Postmodernity: Disciplinary Readings and Challenges
(1997) (library electronic resources).
Rochona, Majumdar, Writing Postcolonial History (2010).
Smith, B. The Gender of History: Men, Women and Historical Practice (1998). Provides a
particularly useful account of nineteenth-century developments in historical thinking
and writing, and the professionalization of the discipline.
Shryock, Andrew/Smail, D.L., Deep History: The Architecture of Past and Present (2001).
Southgate, Beverley, History: What and Why: Ancient, Modern, and Postmodern
Perspectives (1996).
Stunkel, Kenneth R., Fifty Key Works of History and Historiography (2011). Provides
short introductions to key writings of fifty historians and thinkers who have had an
impact on history-writing, from all over the world.
Walker, Garthine (ed.), Writing Early Modern History (2005). Provides a really helpful
discussion relevant to all historians, not just early modernists.
Woolf, Daniel, A Global History of History (2011). Takes a broad sweep, with chapters on
the different historical epochs of the past three millennia.
Books to Buy?
We suggest you buy books for highly practical reasons, as the university library cannot
(under copyright legislation) digitalise more than one chapter or one-fifth (whichever is
the shortest) of a book. Many of the books on the ‘General Survey’ list are appropriate
in this respect. Most focus on broad historiographical trends rather than the particular
historians and theorists that provide the focus for this particular module. Such figures
will however be covered in these books in more or less depth in passing (use the
content-list and index). You will get your money’s worth out of purchasing books such
as Troup and Green’s Houses of History, Hughes-Warrington’s Fifty Key Thinkers in
History (2000), Bentley’s Modern Historiography (1999), Claus and Marriot’s History: An
Introduction to Theory, Method and Practice (2012), and, for a more global spread,
Iggers and Wang, A Global History of Modern Historiography (2008). Very useful are also
the books from Oxford University Press series, A Very Short Introduction. Several of the
authors we will be discussing during the year are treated here. (Marx, Weber, Foucault
etc). They offer a good first introduction and some are indeed excellent (e.g. the one on
Foucault).
Terminology:
You may encounter some unfamiliar sociological and philosophical terms in your
reading. Allan Bullock & Stephen Trombley (eds), New Fontana Dictionary of Modern
Thought (London, 2000) provides a useful glossary. You could retrieve Raymond
Williams’ Keywords. A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (1976; 1984) from your
‘Making of the Modern World’ archive, though probably far more useful will be Tony
Bennett, Lawrence Grossberg, Meaghan Morris (eds), New Keywords. A Revised
Vocabulary of Culture and Society (2005). The Routledge Companion to Historical Studies
(ed. Alan Munslow, 2000) (library electronic resources) aims to provide the same kind
of conceptual help for students of history and historiography. The on-line version of the
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Oxford Dictionary of Social Sciences (ed. Craig Calhoun, 2002) was found useful by
students taking Historiography last year. Find it at http://www.oxfordreference.com
Keeping Up with Developments in Historiography:

Get into the habit of running the names of historians through the Oxford Dictionary of
National Biography on-line (for British and former-Commonwealth historians only).
Other national dictionaries of biography can often be located by simply searching the
internet with the name of the historian you are interested in. Make it a habit to
regularly check the Bibliography of British and Irish History to discover recent
publications on the topics of historiography and history-writing. As with Historical
Abstracts and the MLA Index (Modern Languages Association of America) this is a good
way of discovering how much recent attention the historian you are interested in has
received.
An important internet source is the Institute of Historical Research’s (IHR) website

‘Making History’. Find it at: http://www.history.ac.uk/makinghistory/ It is dedicated
to the history of the study and practice of history in Britain over the last hundred years
or so, following the emergence of the professional discipline in the late nineteenth
century. It contains cross-referenced entries for interviews with historians, journal
articles, projects and debates. Its statistical pages allow you to analyse the profession as
a historical enterprise within society. Also become familiar with ‘Making History’s’ host
site, the IHR, at http://www.history.ac.uk/ Here you can watch the IHR’s attempt to
move out from the Anglocentric focus of ‘Making History’, and globalise historiography.
It is often said that historians leave thinking about history to the philosophers. The
module team profoundly disagrees with this proposition! But if you want to see what
philosophers of history are saying about history and historians, make it a habit to check
(and browse the back issues of) History and Theory (available ONLINE and in hard copy
in the Library).
Otherwise, there is the bookshop, Library, SLC, connection to journals on-line
(Blackwell-Synergie, Project-Muse, JSTOR …), digitalised course extracts …
Many of the basic texts studied in seminars are available in both the bookshop and the
Library. Many of the key book-sections and articles listed below will also be found in
the Photocopy Collection: always check there if you cannot find the journal on the shelf.
The back issues of most journals are available ONLINE. Type the journal title into the
Library catalogue search box, searching ‘Journals’. You will be taken to all electronic
portals for the journal in question.
When a book/article extract has been scanned and is available online it is listed at:
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/electronicresources/extracts/hi/hi323
Every Historiography extract that can be legally digitalised, has been digitalised. You
should check this list regularly, as new extracts may be added throughout the year.
You can read seventeenth- and eighteenth-century (English-language) histories in their

original form in Early English Books On-line and Eighteenth-Century Collections On-line
(Library pages -> Resources -> Electronic Resources -> Books.) When a text is available
in this easily-accessed form it is indicated in this Handbook by EEBO or ECCO.
Literature On-line (LION) will give you access to full text versions of ‘English literature’,
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including histories. The Making of the Modern World (MMW) is a data-base of social and
economic texts from the fifteenth- to the nineteenth-century. Much history-writing has
ended up here. Access it, as above, via the Library pages
Assessment:
All students submit three non-assessed essays of about 2000 words each during terms 1
and 2. The questions in each seminar section can be reformulated as essay topics; there
is also a full list of Essay Titles at the end of this Handbook. You are encouraged to
negotiate essay titles with your seminar tutor; the final title must have been approved
by him or her. Your seminar tutor may agree to your substituting a mock exam question
or questions for the third and final essay. Seminar tutors will establish deadlines for
their tutees, and assignments should be handed to him or her.
Formal assessment is by a three-hour examination.
Formal assessment is by a three-hour examination. You will answer xx questions. xx

have to be chosen from the gobbet section of the paper (A) and from the question
section of the paper.
 Venice Stream students follow an adapted version of the module, and the initial xx
questions on the exam paper will relate to texts not studied by Modern Stream
students
Note: Further detailed information on the exam format will be announced at the
beginning of the term!
Aims, Objectives, and Expected Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module it is intended that students will have:
developed their ability to assess critically historical analysis and argument, past and
present
gained an understanding of the development of the academic study of history
throughout the world since the later eighteenth century
gained an awareness of recent and contemporary debates in the theory and practice of
historical writing
gained insight into current methodologies, theories, and concepts, currently in use
within the historical discipline
gained insight into how historical arguments have been and are made
become aware of historiographical traditions outside the West
had the opportunity to think reflexively about the nature of the historical enterprise
within society
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Lecture and Seminar Programme
The one-hour lectures all take place on Tuesdays at 10-11am in Art Cinema (term1) and
HO. 52 (term 2). The panel round up session (term 3, week 3) and the revision lectures
(term 3, week 4) will also take place in xx. The seminars will be on Tuesday afternoon,
right after the weekly lecture.
Lecturers/Seminar Tutors: Jonathan Davies (JD); Aditya Sakar (AS); Rebecca Earle (RB);
Sarah Hodges (SH); CS=Claudia Stein; CW=Charles Walton
Term 1
Week Lecturer Lecture Seminar
1 Tue 1. What is history? 1. Changing views on what is
history
2 Tue 2. Enlightenment traditions of 2. Philosophical History in the
history writing Eighteenth-Century
3 Tue 3. Historiographical encounters in 3. Colonial historiography and

early colonial India Indian traditions of history
writing
4 Tue 4. Leopold von Ranke: history 4. History writing as a science
writing as a science and/or an art? and/or an art?
5 Tue 5. Karl Marx: historical materialism 5. Historical materialism
6 Tue Research and reading week
7 Tue 6. Max Weber: concepts, ideal types 6. History and the methods of
and the rise of capitalism social sciences
8 Tue 7. Frankfurt School and critical 7. Critical theory and mass culture
theory
9 Tue 8. Annales School: history produced 8. Rethinking time and space in
in an interdisciplinary laboratory history writing
10 Tue 9. E.P. Thompson: the rise of 9. Bringing back human
‘experience’ and the new social ‘experience’
history
Term 2
Week Lecturer Lecture Seminar
11 10. The ‘linguistic turn’: 12. Postmodern theory and
Tue postmodernity and history writing History Writing
12 11. Microhistory: narratives of 11. Carlo Ginzburg’s: Cheese and

Tue everyday live the Worms
13 12. In search of symbolic meaning: 13. History and anthropology
Tue Robert Darnton’s The Great Cat
Massacre
14 13. Michel Foucault: knowledge, History as discontinuity and

Tue power and history critique of the present
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15 14. Edward Said: The West and 14. Inventing the oriental ‘Other’
Tue ‘Orientalism’
16 Research and reading week
Tue
The following 4 weeks are ‘topical’ and each lecture will deal with a specific topic and
its historiographical development over time. As always, each lecture will explain these
changes in methodology/theory within their specific socio-cultural context.
17 15. From women’s history to gender 15. From women’s history to

Tue history/ from social history to cultural gender history
history
18 16. Subaltern studies and the challenge 16. The history of subaltern
Tue of postcolonialism studies
19 17. Ways of seeing: The visual and 17. Visual and material culture in
Tue material world in history writing history writing
20 18. New Directions: ‘Deep History’, 18. The ‘scientific turn’?
Tue History of Emotions, and Actor-Network-
Theory (ANT)
Term 3
23 Panel 19. Round up panel session (two hours) 19. Revision seminar I
Tue*
24 20. Revision lecture 20. Revision seminar II
Tue**
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Seminar 1: What is History?
What people have understood by History and history writing and would should be
achieved by this activity has changed over time. This lecture-seminar will introduce you
to some of the problems involved in studying the history of history writing. It will and
will discuss some of the issues that will be pop up in different disguises repeatedly
during the entire course such as human agency, experience, the nature of change, what
is a fact?.
Texts/Documents/Arguments/Sources
Carr, E. H., What Is History? (London, 1961), pp. 1-24 7-30 (digitised extract)
Lowenthal, D. The Past is a Foreign Country (Cambridge, 1985), pp.
210-238. (digitised extract)
Alun Munslow, Deconstructing History (New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 17-35.
(digitised extract)
Seminar/Essay Questions:
 What is history for according to the three authors?
 What are ‘facts’ in history according to Carr? What does Alun Munslow about
this?
 How does ‘memory’ differ from ‘history’?
 ‘History writing is based on textual evidence.’ Discuss.
 ‘Historians establish the truth about the past’. Discuss.
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Seminar 2: Enlightenment Traditions of History Writing
The way the past was recorded changed dramatically during the eighteenth-century.
‘Enlightened’ men and women writing about the past began to understand their activity
as central to the well being and ‘progress’ of their respective nation, indeed of all human
civilization. This lecture investigates some key examples of this Enlightenment
historiography within their specific socio-cultural context.
Texts/Documents/Arguments/Sources:
Giambattista Vico, The New Science, (1725) (online:
(https://archive.org/details/newscienceofgiam030174mbp), § 331-334, 399.
Ferguson, Adam, An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1767); read, ‘On the General
Characteristics of Human Nature, pp.1-15; and have a think about the general
organisation of the book. All online:
http://books.google.de/books?id=CvoIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source
=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Gibbon, Edward, An Essay on the Study of Literature (1764) online:
https://archive.org/details/anessayonstudyl01gibbgoog
Seminar Readings:
Allan, D., ‘Scottish Historical Writing of the Enlightenment’, in Daniel Woolf (ed.), The
Oxford History of Historical Writing, vol. 3: 1400-1800 (Oxford, 2012), pp. 497-517.
(digitised extract)
Burke, P. Vico (Oxford, 1985), chapter 3: The New Science, here pp. 39-68. (digitised
extract).
O'Brien, K., ‘English Enlightenment Histories, 1750-c.1815’, in José Rabasa, Masayuki
Sato, Edoardo Tortarolo, and Daniel Woolf (eds), The Oxford History of Historical
Writing, Vol. 3, 1400-1800 (Oxford, 2012), pp. 518-525. (digitised extract)
 What were the central features of the ‘new’ history writing that emerge during
the 18th century?
 What was distinctive about Scottish history writing in the 18th century?
 ‘Modern history writing was invented in the Enlightenment’. Discuss.
Further Readings on History-writing in the (long) Western Eighteenth Century (see also
readings on ‘Enlightenment Historiography’ in the Historiography Venice Stream
Handbook, which is available on the historiography website):
Further Readings:
Abbattista, Guido, ‘The Historical Thought of the French Philosophes’, in Daniel Woolf
(ed.), The Oxford History of Historical Writing, vol. 3: 1400-1800 (Oxford, 2012), pp. 406-
427.
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Berlin, Isaiah, Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder (Princeton,
2000), read ‘Philosophical Ideas of Giambattista Vico’, pp. 21-121; and ‘Vico’s Theory of
Knowledge and its Sources’, pp. 168-242.
ibid., Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas (London, 1976).
Ibid., ‘Discussions on Vico’, Philosophical Quarterly 35, 140 (1985): 15-30.
Bedani, Gino. Vico Revisited: Orthodoxy, Naturalism and Science in the Scienza Nuova
(Oxford, 1989).
Bruce, B., ‘Enlightened Histories. Civilization, War and the Scottish Enlightenment’,
European Legacy, 10:2 (2005): 177-192.
Cassirer, Ernst, The Philosophy of the Enlightenment, trans. Koelln and Pettegrove
(Princeton, 1932), particularly see chapter 1: The Mind of the Enlightenment, pp. 3-36.
Collingwood, R. G., The Idea of History (Oxford, 1946).
Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium, ed by Giorgio Tagliacozzo and Hayden V.
White (Baltimore, 1969)
Attempts to inaugurate a non-historicist interpretation of Vico are found in
Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy, Spring 2009, Vol. 36.2, and Spring 2010
37.3, as well as in Historia Philosophica, Vol. 11, 2013
Cook, A., ‘The Gradual Emergence of History Writing as a Separate Genre’, Clio, 15:2
1986: 171-89.
Fisch, Max, and Thomas Bergin, trans. Vita di Giambattista Vico (The Autobiography of
Giambattista Vico). 1735-41 (Ithaca, 1963, ).
Grafton, Anthony, Introduction, in Vico, Giambattista, New Science (London, 2001=, pp.
vi-xxxv.
Levine, Joseph, ‘Giambattista Vico and the Quarrel between the Ancients and the
Moderns’. Journal of the History of Ideas 52,1 (1991): 55-79.
Hicks, P., ‘Catharine Macaulay's Civil War: Gender, History, and Republicanism in
Georgian Britain’, Journal of British Studies, 41:2 (2002), 170-198
Höpfl, Harro, ‘From Savage to Scotsman: Conjectural History in the Scottish
Enlightenment’, Journal of British Studies 17 (1978): 19-40.
Kidd, C. Subverting Scotland’s Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo-
British Identity (Cambridge, 1993).
Lilla, M., G.B. Vico: The Making of an Anti-Modern (Cambridge, Mass., 1993).
Mason, Hayden, ‘Optimism, Progress, and Philosophical History’, in Goldie, Mark and
Robert Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought
(Oxford, 2012), pp. 199-217. (digitised extract)
McKitterick, R., Quinault, R. (eds), Edward Gibbon and Empire (Cambridge, 1997).
Miller, Cecilia, Giambattista Vico: Imagination and Historical Knowledge (Basingstoke,
1993).
O’Brien, K., ‘The History Market in Eighteenth-Century England’, Books and their Readers
in Eighteenth-Century England: New Essays, ed. I. Rivers (London, 2001), 105-34.
Ibid., ‘Catharine Macaulay’s Histories of England. A Female Perspective on the
History of Liberty’, Women, Gender and Enlightenment, eds. B. Taylor and S. Knott
Basingstoke, 2005), 523-37.
Ibid., ‘Robertson on the Triumph of Europe and Its Empires’, in ibid., Narratives of
Enlightenment: Cosmopolitan History from Voltaire to Gibbon (Cambridge, 1997), pp.
129-166.
Ibid., ‘Emulation and Revival: Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire’, in ibid.
Narratives of Enlightenment: Cosmopolitan History from Voltaire to Gibbon (Cambridge,
1997), pp. 167-203.
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Olson, R., ‘Sex and Status in Scottish Enlightenment Social Science. John Millar and the
Sociology of Gender Roles’, History of the Human Sciences, 11:1 (1998), 73-100.
Perkins, P. ‘ “Too Classical for a Female Pen”? Late Eighteenth-Century Women Reading
and Writing Classical History', Clio, 33:3 (2004), 241-64.
Phillips, M. S., Society and Sentiment. Genres of Historical Writing in Britain, 1740-1820
(Princeton NJ, 2000), pp. 3-78.
Pocock, J.G. A. Barbarism and Religion. Vol. I: The Enlightenment of Edward Gibbon
1737-1764 (Cambridge, 1999).
Ibid., Barbarism and Religion, vol. II: Narratives of Civil Government (Cambridge, 1999).
Porter, Roy, Edward Gibbon: Making History (London, 1988) (really good read!)
Sebastini, Silvia, Race, ‘Progress and Women in the Late Scottish Enlightenment, in
Sarah Knott and Barbara Taylor (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment (Houndsmills,
Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 53-69.
Stone, H. Vico’s Cultural History: The Production and Transmission of Ideas in Naples,
1685-1750 (Leiden, 1997).
Tagliacozzo, G., Mooney, M., Verene, D.P: (eds), Vico: Past and Present (Atlantic
Highlands, 1981).
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, ‘The Historical Philosophy of the Enlightenment’, (1963), reprinted
in R.H. Hanley and D. M. McMahon (eds.), The Enlightenment. Critical Concepts in
Historical Studies, vol. 1 (London, 2010), pp. 24-37.
Venturi, Franco, ‘The European Enlightenment’ (1972), reprinted in The Enlightenment.
Critical Concepts in Historical Studies, ed. By R.H. Hanley and D. M. McMahon, vol. 1
(London, 2010), pp. 129-156 – links intellectual developments with 18th-century socio-
political events in Europe.
Womersley, D., Edward Gibbon: Bicentenary Essays (Oxford, 1997).
Wright, Johnson Kent, ‘Historical Thought in the Era of the Enlightenment’, in L. Kramer
and S. Maza (ed.), A Companion to Western Historical Thought (Oxford, 2002), pp. 123-
142.
Zimmerman, Everett, The Boundaries of Fiction: History and the Eighteenth-Century
British Novel (Cornell, 1996), 1-10; 11-55.
Zagorin, P. ‘Vico’s Theory of Knowledge’, The Philosophical Quarterly 35, 140 (1985): 15-
30. (it is a critique of Berlin’s take on Vico).
Seminar 3: Historiographical Encounters in Early Colonial India
India was conquered by the British East India Company in the late-eighteenth and early-
nineteenth centuries – the very moment that the new discipline of history was emerging
in Europe. Informed by this new understanding of how to go about studying the past,
the British adopted a highly critical view of the existing ways in which the Indian people
regarded their past. As in any sophisticated civilisation, the Indian people recounted
and wrote about their past in a complex and different ways. These are examined in the
lecture. The new methods that the British provided were in time adopted by Indians,
and then within the space of hardly more than half a century began to be turned against
the colonial rulers, as new nationalist histories of India were produced as a key element
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in the project of defining an Indian ‘nation’ that Indians demanded should be free from
British rule.
Anon., ‘A View of the History of India, from the earliest Ages, to the Year 1603 of the
Christian Æra’, Ch. 1 of The Asiatic Annual Register; or, A View of the History of
Hindustan, and of the politics, commerce, and literature of Asia [electronic resource]
(London, 1800) ECCO
Mill, James, The History of British India, 3 vols (1818).
(http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1867): get an idea of the structure of the book, read
some of the section on the Hindu, think about the archival basis of his arguments.
Background Seminar Reading:

Guha, R., ‘An Indian Historiography of India’, in R. Guha, Dominance without Hegemony:
History and Power in Colonial India (Harvard, 1997), pp. 152-212. (digitised extract)
Iggers, G. & Wang, E., A Global History of Modern Historiography (London, 2008), pp. 38-
46, pp. 97-110, pp. 227-243.8 (digitised extract)
Mantena, R., ‘The Question of History in pre-colonial India’, History and Theory, 46:3
(2007): 396-408. (digitised extract)
 What did ‘history’ mean in precolonial India? Think of some ways that Indians
might justify their understandings of the past.
 How did the British set about constructing a new history of India? What was
their agenda in doing so?
 Did British and Indian historiography interact in the late-eighteenth and early-
nineteenth centuries? If so, in what ways?
 How did Indians respond to British-history writing in the late-nineteenth and
early-twentieth centuries? How did their histories differ from colonial histories,
and with what intent?
Further Reading on Indian Historiography:

Aquil, R. and Chatterjee, P. (eds.), History in the Vernacular (New Delhi 2008).
Bayly, C. A., Imperial Meridian: the British Empire and the World, 1780-1830 (London,
1989).
Bayly, C. A., Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in
India,
1780-1870 (Cambridge 1996).
Bayly, C. A., The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and
Comparisons
(Oxford 2004).
Guha, R., ‘Colonialism in South Asia: A Dominance without Hegemony and its
Historiography’, in R. Guha, Dominance without Hegemony: History and Power in Colonial
India (Harvard 1997), pp. 1-99.
Guha, R., History at the Limits of World History (New Delhi & New York, 2002)
Heehs, P., ‘Shades of Orientalism: Paradoxes and Problems in Indian Historiography’,
History and Theory, 42: 2 (2003): 169-96.
Inden, R., Imagining India (Oxford, 2000).
Inden, R., ‘Orientalist Constructions of India’, Modern Asian Studies, 20: 3, 1986
16
Majeed, J., Ungoverned Imaginings. James Mill’s The History of British India and
Orientalism, (Oxford, 1992).
Metcalf, T., Ideologies of the Raj (Cambridge 1994).
Pollack, S. ‘Pretextures of Time’, History and Theory, 46: 3 (2007): 366-85.
Prakash, G., ‘Writing Post-Orientalist Histories of the Third World: Indian
Historiography is
Good to Think’, Colonialism and Culture (Ann Arbor MI, 1992), pp. 353-89.
Subrahmanyam, S., ‘Introduction: Making Sense of Indian Historiography’, Indian
Economic
and Social History Review, 38:2-3 (2002): 121-131.
Subrahmanyam, S., Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 1600-1800 (New
Delhi 2001). [A review symposium on this book appeared in History and Theory, 46
(2007)].
Subrahmanyam, S., ‘Intertwined Histories: Crónica and Tarikh in the Sixteenth-Century
Indian Ocean World’, History and Theory, 49 (2010).
Thapar, R., ‘Some Reflections on Early Historical Thinking’, J. Rusen (ed.) Western
Historical
Thinking: An Intercultural Debate (New York, 2002),pp. 178-18.
Viswanathan, G., Masks of Conquest: Literary Studies and British Rule in India (New York,
1989).
Finn, M., ‘Anglo-Indian Lives in the Later Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries’,
Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 32:3 (2009): 3-17.
Mill, J., The History of British India [electronic resource] (London, 1820).
Teltsher, K., ‘The Sentimental Ambassador: the Letters of George Bogle from Bengal,
Bhutan
and Tibet, 1770-1781’, in R. Earle (ed.), Epistolary Selves, Letters and Letter-Writers,
1600-1945 (Aldershot, 1999), pp. 79-94.
Woolf, D., A Global History of History (Cambridge 2011), pp. 89-99, pp. 211-27, pp. 280-
343, pp. 401-05.
17
Seminar 4: Leopold von Ranke: History Writing as a Science and/or an Art?
The German historian Leopold von Ranke was the superstar of 19th-century history,
indeed he is often referred to as the ‘father’ of modern history writing. We will explore
in this session what earned him this celebratory title. What we will discover is that
much of his fame is, in fact, grounded on a constructive misunderstanding of his work. It
will be suggested that Ranke and the world of German Idealism in which his thinking
and writings have to be located may have something interesting to say to historians
today.
Ranke, L. von, The Young Ranke’s Vision of History and God’, in Leopold von Ranke, The
Theory and Practice of History, ed. by G. G. Iggers (London, 2011), p. 4. (digitised extract)
Ranke, L. von, ‘On the Relations of History and Philosophy’, in Leopold von Ranke, The
Theory and Practice of History, ed. by G. G. Iggers (London, 2011), pp. 6-7. (digitised
extract)
Ranke, L. von, ‘On the Character of History Science’, Leopold von Ranke, The Theory and
Practice of History, ed. by G. G. Iggers (London, 2011), pp. 8-16. (digitised extract)
Ranke, L. von, ‘Progress in History’, in Leopold von Ranke, The Theory and Practice of
History ed. by G. G. Iggers (London, 2011), pp. 20-23. (digitised extract)
Ranke, L. von, ‘The Role of the Particular and the General in the Study of Universal
History’, in Leopold von Ranke, The Theory and Practice of History, ed. by G. G. Iggers
(London, 2011), pp. 24-25. (digitised extract)
Note: Looks like a massive list of reading but each reading is very short! If you still don’t
have enough of ‘father Ranke’, you are welcome to read the Preface to the six volumes of
Ranke’s History of England, Principally in the Seventeenth Century here:
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/ranke/
Seminar Readings:
Iggers, G.G., (eds), The Theory and Practice of History: Leopold von Ranke (Abington,
2011), ‘Introduction’, pp. xi-xlv. (digitised extract)
Ross, D., ‘On the Misunderstanding of Ranke and the Origins of the Historical Profession
in America,’ in Leopold von Ranke and the Shaping of the Historical Discipline, ed. Georg
G. Iggers and James M. Powell (Syracuse, 1990), pp. 154-169. (digitised extract)
Harrison, R., Jones, Aled, and Lambert, P., ‘Scientific History and the Problem of
Objectivity’, in Lambert, P., Schofield, Phillipp (eds), Making History: An Introduction to
the History and Practices of a Discipline (London/New York, 2004), pp. 27-37. (digitised
extract)
 What was ‘philosophical’ history in 19th-century Germany? Why did Ranke reject
it?
 Assess the view that ‘for Ranke the writing of history was an act of worship’?
 ‘Ranke’s history was ideological.’ Discuss.
 What did Ranke mean when he argues that the historian must not be a judge?
18
Further Reading on Ranke, his Work, and his Legacies:

Bann, S., Romanticism and the Rise of History (New York, 1995), pp. 3-29..
Braw, J. D., ‘Vision as Revision: Ranke and the Beginning of Modern History’,
History and Theory, 46:4 (2007), pp. 45–60.
Burke, P., ‘Ranke the Reactionary’, in G. G. Iggers & J. M. Powell (eds), Leopold von Ranke
and the Shaping of the Historical Discipline (Syracuse, 1990), pp. 36-44.
Gardiner, P. (ed.), Theories of History: Readings from Classical and Contemporary Sources
(New York, 1959), pp 34-48, 58-73 (extracts from Hegel & Herder).
Harrison, R., Jones, A., Lambert, P., ‘The Primacy of Political History’, in Lambert, P.,
Schofield, Phillipp (eds), Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of
a Discipline (London/New York, 2004), pp. 38-53. (very good explanation and
comparative view!).
Howsam, L., Past into Print. The Publishing of History in Britain, 1850-1950 (London and
Toronto, 2009).
Fritzsche, P., Stranded in the Present (Cambridge MASS, 2004), ch. 2.
Ibid., New Directions in European Historiography (London, 1985).
Ibid., ‘The Theoretical Foundations of German Historicism II: Leopold von Ranke’, and
‘Historicism’, in Iggers, The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of
Historical Thought from Herder to the Present (Middleton, Conn., 1968).
Kelley, D. R. (ed.), Versions of History from Antiquity to the Enlightenment (New Haven,
1991).
Kelley, D. R., Faces of History: Historical Enquiry from Herodotus to Herder (New Haven,
1998), chs. 9-10.
Krieger, L., ‘Elements of Early Historicism: Experience, Theory and History in Ranke’,
History & Theory: Beiheft 14: Essays on Historicism (1976), pp. 1-14.
Krieger, L., Ranke: The Meaning of History (Chicago, 1977).
Lambert, P., ‘The Professionalization and Institutionalization of History’, in S. Berger, H.
Von Laue, T. H., Ranke: The Formative Years (Princeton, 1950) [contains Ranke’s
‘Dialogue on Politics’ and ‘The Great Powers’].
Feldner and K. Passmore (eds), Writing History: Theory and Practice (London, 2003), pp.
42-60.
Lambert, P. and Schofield, P, Making History (Abingdon, 2004), Part I.
Professionalisation of History, pp. 7-60 (note you can access this whole book online at
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Making-History-Introduction-
Practices/dp/041524255X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323687022&sr=8-
1#reader_041524255X).
Novick, P., That Noble Dream: the Objectivity and the American Historical Profession
(1988) (Brilliant book on how Ranke influenced American historians, fantastic read!).
Reill, P., The German Enlightenment and the Rise of Historicism (Berkeley, 1975).
Rüsen, J. (1990). ‘Rhetoric and Aesthetics of History: Leopold von Ranke’, History and
Theory, 29, 2 (1990). (online)
Stern, F., The Varieties of History from Voltaire to the Present (New York, 1973), ch.3
(Ranke extracts at 55-62: ‘The Ideal of Universal History: Ranke’).
Warren, J., ‘The Rankean Tradition in British Historiography, 1840-1950’, in S. Berger,
H. Feldner and K. Passmore (eds), Writing History: Theory and Practice (London, 2003),
pp. 23-41
19
On Ranke’s Relationship to Literature:

Brown, D. D., Walter Scott and the Historical Imagination (London, 1979).
Curthoys, A. & Docker, J., Is History Fiction? (Sydney, 2005), ch. 3.
Pittock, M., The Reception of Walter Scott in Europe (London, 2006).
Robertson, F., Legitimate Histories: Scott, Gothic, and the Authorities of Fiction (Oxford,
1994).
Scott, W., ‘Advertisement’ [Preface] to The Antiquary (in the Waverley Novels),
(Edinburgh 1815) LION.
Scott, W., Quentin Durward (Edinburgh, 1823) Library & LION.
Southgate, B., History meets Fiction (Harlow, 2009), pp. 53-59
On the Notion/Practice of ‘Objectivity’and History:

Gaukroger, S., “History of Objectivity,” in International Encyclopedia of the Social and
Behavioral Sciences, ed. Neil. J. Smelser and Paul. B. Baltes (Oxford, 2001), 10785.
Daston, L. And Galison, P., Objectivity and its Critics, Victorian Studies, 50:4 (2008): 666-
677
Daston, L., and Galison, P., Objectivity (2007).
Daston, L., ‘On Scientific Observation’, Isis, 99:1 (2008), 97-110
Daston, L. (2000), ‘Can scientific objectivity have a history?’ Mitteilungen der Alexander-
von-Humboldt-Stiftung, 75 (2000), pp. 31-40.
Elskilde, K.R., ‘Leopold von Ranke’s Archival Turn: Location and Evidence in Modern
Historiography’, Modern Intellectual History 5: 425-53.
Histories in the Archives: Changing Historiographical Practices in the Nineteenth Century,
special issue of History of the Human Sciences 26, 4 (2013).
Chapters or articles (and three book-length studies) of different aspects of

Ranke’s work:
Ankersmit, F. R., ‘Historicism: An Attempt at Synthesis’, History and Theory 34:3
(October 1995): 143-61.
Bahners, P., ‘“A Place Among the English Classics”: Ranke's History of the Popes and its
British Readers’, in B. Stuchtey & P. Wende (eds), British and German Historiography,
1750-1850: Traditions, Perceptions and Transfers (Oxford, 2000), pp. 123-58.
Fitzsimmons, M. A., ‘Ranke: History as Worship’, Review of Politics 42 (1980): 533-55
Geyl, P., ‘Ranke in the Light of the Catastrophe’, in Geyl, Debates with Historians
(Groningen, 1955), pp. 9-29.
Gilbert, F., ‘Ranke as the Teacher of Jacob Burckhardt’, in G. G. Iggers & J. M. Powell
(eds), Leopold von Ranke and the Shaping of the Historical Discipline (Syracuse, 1990),
pp. 82-88.
Gilbert, F., History: Politics or Culture? Reflections on Ranke and Burckhardt (Princeton,
1991), ch.2 (‘Ranke’s View of the task of Historical Scholarship’) & 3 (‘Ranke and the
Meaning of History’).
Grafton, A., 'The Footnote from de Thou to Ranke', History and Theory 33 (1994): 53-76
Grafton, A., The Footnote: A Curious History (London, 1997)
Herkless, J. L., ‘Meinecke and the Ranke-Burckhardt Problem’, History and Theory, 9:3
(1970): 290-321
Iggers, G. G., 'The Image of Ranke in American and German Historical Thought’, History
and Theory 2 (1962): 17-40
20
Iggers, G.C., ‘The Intellectual Foundations of Nineteenth-Century 'Scientific' History: The

German Model', in Stuart Macintyre, Juan Maiguashca, and Attila Pók (eds), The Oxford
History of Historical Writing, Volume 4: 1800-1945 (Oxford, 2011).
Liebeschutz, H., Ranke (Historical Association, London, 1954).
McClelland, C., ‘England as First Cousin: Ranke and Protestant-Germanic Conservatism’,
in C. McClelland, The German Historians and England: A Study in Nineteenth-Century
Views (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 91-107.
Meinecke, F., ‘Ranke and Burckhardt’, in H. Kohn (ed.), German History: Some New
German Views (London, 1954), pp. 141-56
Müller, Philipp, ‘Ranke in the Lobby of the Archive’, in Sebastian Jobs (ed.), Unsettling
History: Archiving and Narrating in Historiography (Chicago 2010) Brings out the
problems that Ranke encountered in accessing archives.
Ramm, A., ‘Leopold von Ranke’, in J. Cannon, The Historian at Work (London, 1980), pp.
36-54
Schulin, E., ‘Universal History and National History, Mainly in the Lectures of Leopold
von Ranke’, in G. G. Iggers & J. M. Powell (eds), Leopold von Ranke and the Shaping of the
Historical Discipline (Syracuse, 1990), pp. 70-81
Smith, B. G., ‘Gender and the Practices of Scientific History’, American Historical Review
100:4 (1995):1150-1176.
Stuchtey, Benedikt, 'German Historical Writing', in Stuart Macintyre, Juan Maiguashca,
and Attila Pók (eds), The Oxford History of Historical Writing, Volume 4: 1800-1945
(Oxford, 2011).
Vierhaus, R., ‘Historiography Between Science and Art’, in G. G. Iggers & J. M. Powell
(eds), Leopold von Ranke and the Shaping of the Historical Discipline (Syracuse, 1990),
pp. 61-69.
White, H., ‘Ranke: Historical Realism as Comedy’, in White, Metahistory: The Historical
Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Baltimore, 1973), ch.4
21
Seminar 5: Karl Marx: Historical Materialism
Karl Marx is without doubt the most influential thinker of the 19th century. And his
thinking about society, economics and politics did not remain on an abstract level; it
was used as a means to change the world and shaped entire societies. Moreover, Marx
legacy is far from over today. Indeed, after the most recent economic crash, we are
currently experiencing a renewed interest in Marx’s theories among historians. This
session explores one of his famous text, The Eighteenth Brumaire, which Marx wrote in
the middle of what would only later be labelled ‘a historical event’ (Louis Bonaparte’s
1852 coup in France).
Marx, K., ‘The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte’ (1852), in Karl Marx: Selected
Writings (ed. D. McLellan, Oxford, 1977), pp. 300-25. (online:
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1346/1346-h/1346-h.htm)
Marx, K., ‘Preface’ to A Critique of Political Economy in Karl Marx: Selected Writings (ed.
D. McLellan, Oxford, 1977), pp. 388-92 or online:
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-
economy/preface.htm.

Hobsbawm, E., ‘Karl Marx’ Contribution to Historiography’, Diogenes 16, 64 (1968): 37-
56. (online)
Tomba, Massimiliano, ‘Marx as the Historial Materialist: Re-Reading The Eighteenth
Brumaire', Historical Materialism 21/2 (2013): 21-46. (online)
Cowling, M./Martin, J., Marx's 'Eighteenth Brumaire': (Post)Modern Interpretations
(2012), Introduction, pp. 1-19. (digitised extract).
 In which particular ways were Marx’s historical method distinctive? How did he
differ from (a) Ranke and (b) positivist history?
 How did Marx understand the relationship between philosophy and social
action? How did this differ from Hegel?
 How successful is The Eighteenth Brumaire in explaining away the failure of the
vision expressed in The Communist Manifesto?
 Is Marx still relevant today?
Further reading on Eighteenth Brumaire:

‘Revisiting Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire after 150 Years’ (in a Special Issue of Strategies.
A Journal of Theory, Culture and Politics (2003)
Carver, T., ‘Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte - Eliding 150 Years’,
Strategies 16:1 (2003): 5-11. (issue of journal library)
Macdonald, B. J., ‘Revisiting Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire After 150 Years: Introduction’,
Strategies 16:1 (2003): 3-4. (issue of journal in library)
Myers, J. C., ‘From Stage-ist Theories to a Theory of the Stage: The Concept of Ideology in
Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire’, Strategies, 16:1 (2003): 13-21. (issues of journal in
library)
22
Snyder, R. C., ‘The Citizen-Soldier and the Tragedy of The Eighteenth Brumaire’,
Wendling, A. E., ‘Are All Revolution Bourgeois? Revolutionary Temporality in Karl
Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte’, Strategies 16:1 (2003): 39-49.
Roberts, W. C., ‘Marx Contra the Democrats: The Force of The Eighteenth Brumaire’,
Macdonald, B. J., ‘Inaugurating Heterodoxy: Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire and the “Limit-
Experience” of Class Struggle’, Strategies 16:1 (2003): 65-75. (issue of journal in library)
Marx: Origins and Influences:

Aron, R., Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 1, Montesquieu, Comte, Marx,
Tocqueville, the Sociologists and the Revolutions of 1848 (London, 1968) .
Cohen, G., Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (Oxford, 1978).
Fernbach, D. (ed.), [Marx’s] Political Writings (The Revolution of 1848; Surveys from
Exile), 2 vols (London, 1973) (both contain valuable introductions) .
Giosue, G., ‘Tragedy and Repetition in Marx’s The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louise
Bonaparte’, Clio, 26:4 (1997), 411-25.
Groopman, L.C., ‘A Re-reading of Marx’s The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte’,
Journal of European Studies, 12:2 (1982), 113-29
Hall, S., ‘The “Political” and the “Economic” in Marx's Theory of Classes’, in A. Hunt (ed.),
Class and Class Structure (London, 1977), 15-60
Hayes, P., ‘Utopia and the Lumpenproletriat: Marx’s Reasoning in The Eighteenth
Brumaire of Louise Bonaparte’, Review of Politics, 50:3 (1988), 445-65
Hobsbawm, E., ‘Class Consciousness in History’, in I. Meszaros (ed.), Aspects of History
and Class Consciousness (London, 1971), 5-21
Hobsbawm, E., ‘Introduction’, to K. Marx & F. Engels, The Communist Manifesto: A
Modern Edition (London, 1998), 3-29
Hobsbawm, E., ‘Marx and History’, in E. Hobsbawm, On History (London, 1997), 157-70
Krieger, L., ‘Marx and Engels as Historians’, in B. Jessop & C. Malcolm-Brown (eds), Karl
Marx's Social and Political Thought: Critical Assessments, Vol. II: Social Class and Class
Conflict (London, 1990), 49-72
Moss, B. H., ‘Marx and Engels on French Social Democracy: Historians or
Revolutionaries?’, Journal of the History of Ideas 46:4 (1985), 539-58
Riquelme, J-P., ‘The Eighteenth Brumaire of Karl Marx as Symbolic Action’, History and
Theory 19:1 (1980), 58-72
Shaw, W. H., ‘“The Handmill Gives You the Feudal Lord”: Marx’s Technological
Determinism’, History and Theory 18 (1979), 155-76
Singer, Peter, Marx: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2000). (You might want to buy this
mini-introduction)
Spencer, M., 'Marx on the State: Events in France 1848-50', Theory & Society (1979),
167-98
Whittam, J., ‘Karl Marx’, in J. Cannon (ed.), The Historian at Work (London, 1980), 86-
103
Marxists and Marxisms:

Althusser, L. ‘Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an
Investigation)’ in Essays on Ideology (London, 1971), 1-60. Also available in Lenin and
Philosophy and Other Essays (London, 1977) (SLC photocopy)
Althusser, L. For Marx/Pour Marx, orig. pub 1965 (London, 1990)
23
Anderson, P., Arguments within English Marxism (London, 1980)

Anderson, P., Considerations on Western Marxism (London, 1976)
Boggs, C., The Two Revolutions. Antonio Gramsci and the Dilemmas of Western Marxism
(Boston MA, 1984)
Derrida, J., Spectres of Marx. The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and
the New International (London, 1994).
Elliot, G., ‘Contentious Commitments: French Intellectuals and Politics’, New Left Review,
206 (July-August 1994): 110-124
Elster, J., An Introduction to Karl Marx (Cambridge, 1986)
Forgacs, D. (ed.), A Gramsci Reader. Selected Writings 1916-1935 (London, 1988), 189-
221.
Giddens, A., Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings
of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber (Cambridge, 1971)
Gramsci, A., ‘Our Marx’ (1918), Pre-Prison Writings, ed. R. Bellamy (Cambridge,
1994), 54-58
Hobsbawm, E. ‘Karl Marx's Contribution to Historiography’, in R. Blackburn
(ed.), Ideology in Social Science: Readings in Critical Social Theory (London, 1972), 265-
83
Hobsbawm, E. J., ‘Eric Hobsbawm: A Historian Living Through History', Socialist
History, 8 (1995), 54-60.
Kaye, H. J., The Powers of the Past: Reﬂections on the Crisis and the Promise of
History (New York, 1991)
Kaye, H. J. 'Fanning the Spark of Hope in the Past: the British Marxist Historians',
Rethinking History, 4:3 (2000), 281-94.
Kellner, D., ‘The Obsolescence of Marxism?’, in B. Magnus & S. Cullenberg (ed.), Whither
Marxism? Global Crises in International Perspective (New York, 1995), 3-30
Jay, M., ‘Further Considerations on Anderson’s Considerations on Western Marxism’,
Telos, 32 (Summer 1977): 167-67
Judt, T., Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals (Berkeley, 1992)
Laibman, D., ‘The Legacy of The Eighteenth Brumaire’, Science and Society, 66:4
(2002-03), 441-45
McLellan, D., Marxism after Marx: An Introduction (London, 1998)
McLennan, G., Marxism, Pluralism and Beyond: Classic Debates and New Directions
(Cambridge, 1989), esp. Chs. 3 & 4
Miller, R.W., Analyzing Marx: Morality, Power and History (Princeton, 1984)
Parker, D., Ideology, Absolutism, and the English Revolution. Debates of the
English Communist Historians, 1945-1956 (London, 2008), Introduction
Parkin, F., Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique (London, 1979)
Perkins, S., Marxism and the Proletariat: A Lukacsian Perspective (London, 1993)
Piccone, P., ‘From Tragedy to Farce: The Return of Critical Theory,’ New German
Critique, 7 (Winter 1976)
Popper, K., The Poverty of Historicism (London, 1957), 1-3, 31-46 (available as
Google Book)
Poster, M., Existential Marxism in Postwar France: From Sartre to Althusser (Princeton,
1975)
Poulantsas, N., Political Power and Social Classes (London, 1973)
Ransome, P., Antonio Gramsci: A New Introduction (New York, 1992)
Renton, D., ‘Studying Their Own Nation Without Insularity? The British Marxist
Historians Reconsidered', Science and Society, 69:4 (2005), 559-79.
24
Rigby, S., Marxism and History: A Critical Introduction (Manchester, 1987)

Rollison, D., ‘Marxism’, in G. Walker (ed.), Writing Early Modern History (London, 2005),
3-24
Samuel, R., The Lost World of British Communism (London, 2006)
Scheuermann, W. E., Frankfurt School Perpectives on globalization, democracy, and the
law (London, 2008). (electronic resourse)
Stallybrass, P., ‘Marx’s Coat’, in Border Fetishisms: Material Objects in Unstable Spaces,
ed. P. Speyer (London, 1998), 83-287
Steedman, C., ‘Biographical Spaces, Fictions of the Self’, in J. Stokes (ed.), Eleanor Marx
(1855-1898): Life, Work, Contacts (London, 2000), 1-39
Thompson, E. P., ‘The Poverty of Theory: or, An Orrery of Errors’, in The Poverty of
Theory & Other Essays (London, 1978), 193-397
Wiggershaus, R. The Frankfurt School: its History, Theories, and Political Significance.
MIT Press. (1994)
Wood, E. M., & Foster, J. B. (eds), In Defence of History: Marxism and the Post-Modern
Agenda (New York, 1997)
Wood, E. M., The Retreat from Class: A New ‘True’ Socialism (New York, 1986)
Seminar 6: Max Weber: Concepts, Ideal Types and the Rise of Capitalism
Weber, M., ‘‘Objectivity’ in Social Science and Science Policy’, in ibid. The Methodologies
of the Social Sciences, trans. And ed. by Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch (Free press,
1977), pp. 76-85; 110-12
(http://cooley.libarts.wsu.edu/schwartj/pdf/Weber_Objectivity.pdf).
Weber, M., The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904/5), read introduction,
chapter 1-3 (online: https://archive.org/details/protestantethics00webe)

Birnbaum, Norman, ‘Conflicting Interpretations of the Rise of Capitalism: Marx and
Weber’, British Journal of Sociology 4 (1953) (digitised extract)
Giddens, A., ‘Max Weber’, in Anthony Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory. An
Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 110-
168.
 In what way does Weber’s explanation of the rise of capitalism differ from Marx’
ideas?
 ‘Weber held that the social values embodied in capitalistic economic activity
were not ‘natural’ but precipitates from historical development’. Discuss.
 ‘An “objective” analysis of cultural events is meaningless.’ (Max Weber). Discuss.
General readings on Weber and Sociology:

25
Blaut, J. M., Eight Eurocentric Historians (New York, 2000), 19-30 (ch.2, ‘Max Weber:
Western Rationality’).
Green, A., & Troup, K. (eds), The Houses of History: A Critical Reader in Twentieth-century
History and Theory (Manchester, 1999), 110-120 (‘Historical Sociology’)
Harrison, Robert, ‘History and Sociology’, in: Lambert, P., Schofield, Phillipp (eds),
Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline
(London/New York, 2004), pp. 138-149 (very good and readable overview of the
interactions between sociology and history!)
Iggers, G. & Wang, Q. E, A Global History of Modern Historiography (London, 2008), 165-
171.
Kasler, D., Max Weber: An Introduction to His Life and Work (Cambridge, 1988), 174-84.
Parkin, F., Max Weber (Chichester, 1982).
Radkau, Joachim, Max Weber. A Biography (London, 2009), 179-207.
Turner, B. S., Max Weber: From History to Modernity (London, 1992), chs. 1-3.
More Specialised Studies:

Baehr, P., ‘The “Iron Cage” and the “Shell Hard as Steel”: Parsons, Weber and the
Stahlhartes Gehause: Metaphor in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism’,
History and Theory 40 (2001), 153-69
Collins, R., ‘Weber's Last Theory of Capitalism: A Systematisation’, American Sociological
Review, 45 (1980), 925-42; reprinted in Collins, Weberian Sociological Theory
(Cambridge, 1986), 19-44
Davis, W. M., ‘“Anti-critical Last Word on The Spirit of Capitalism” by Max Weber’,
American Journal of Sociology 83:5 (March 1978), 105-1131
Gellner, D., ‘Max Weber, Capitalism, and the Religion of India’, Sociology, 16:4 (1982),
526-543
Gerth, H. H., & Wright-Mills, C. (eds), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (London,
1948), chs.1-3 & 302-22
Giddens, A., ‘Marx, Weber and the Development of Capitalism’, Sociology 4 (1970), 289-
311 [
Giddens, A., Sociology (Cambridge, 1989), ch.22 (‘The Development of Sociological
Theory’)
Goddard, D., ‘Max Weber and the Objectivity of Social Sciences’, History & Theory 12
(1973), 1-22
Hamilton, Alistair, ‘Max Weber’s Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism’, in S.
Turner (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Weber (Cambridge, 2000), 151-71
Howe, R. H., ‘Max Weber’s Elective Affinities: Sociology Within the Bounds of Pure
Reason’, American Journal of Sociology 84:2 (1978), 366-85
Lessnoff, M. H., The Spirit of Capitalism and the Protestant Ethic: An Enquiry into the
Weber Thesis (Aldershot, 1994)
Iggers, G. & Wang, Q. E, A Global History of Modern Historiography (London, 2008), 165-
171
McIntosh, D., ‘The Objective Bases of Max Weber’s Ideal Types’, History & Theory, 16
(1977), 265-279
Mommsen, W. J. & Osterhammel, J. (eds), Max Weber and his Contemporaries (London,
1987), intro. & ch.2
Mommsen, W. J., ‘Max Weber’s “Grand Sociology”: The Origins and Composition of
Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft’, History & Theory, 39 (2000), 364-383
26
Mommsen, W. J., The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber: Collected Essays
(Chicago, 1989)
Nelson, B., ‘Max Weber’s “Author’s Introduction” (1920): A Master Clue to His Main
Aims’, Sociological Inquiry, 44:4 (1974), 269-78
Oakes, G., ‘The Verstehen Thesis and the Foundations of Max Weber’s Methodology’,
History & Theory, 16 (1977), 11-29
Peltonen, ‘The Weber Thesis and Economic Historians’, Max Weber Studies, 8:1 (2008):
79-98
Razzell, P., ‘The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: A Natural Scientific
Critique’, British Journal of Sociology, 28:1 (1977), pp. 17-37.
Thomas, P., ‘Being Max Weber’, New Left Review, 41 (Sept-Oct 2006), 147-58
Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (London, 1926). For a critique by a
later historian. A particularly relevant footnote has been scanned.
Whatmore, Richard, ‘The Weber Thesis: “unproven yet unrefuted”,’ in W. Lamont (ed.),
Historical Controversies and Historians (London, 1998), pp. 95-108.
Weber and Historians:

Bendix, R., ‘The Protestant Ethic Revisited’, Comparative Studies in Society and History,
9:3 (1967), pp. 266-73.
Dickson, T. & McLachlan, H. V., ‘In Search of “The Spirit of Capitalism”: Weber's
Misinterpretation of Franklin’, Sociology, 23: 1 (1989): 81-89.
Ghosh, P., ‘Max Weber’s Idea of “Puritanism”: A Case Study in the Empirical Construction
of the Protestant Ethic’, History of European Ideas 29 (2003): 183-221.
Ghosh, P., ‘Not the Protestant Ethic? Max Weber at St Louis’, History of European Ideas,
31 (2005), 367-407
Green, R. W. (ed.), Protestantism and Capitalism: The Weber Thesis and its Critics
(Lexington MASS, 1959)
Hennis, W., ‘Max Weber's “Central Question”’, Economy and Society, 12 (1983), 135-80
[reprinted in Hennis, Max Weber's Central Question (London, 2000), 3-51]
Hill, C., ‘Protestantism and the Rise of Capitalism’, in F. J. Fisher (ed.), Essays in the
Economic and Social History of Tudor and Stuart England (London, 1961), 15-39. Short
version in Landes, D. (ed.), The Rise of Capitalism (New York, 1966), 41-52.
Hughes, H. S., Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social
Thought, 1890-1930 (London, 1959), chs 6 & 8
Jacob, M. C. & Kadane, M., ‘Missing, Now Found in the Eighteenth Century: Weber's
Protestant Capitalist’, American Historical Review, 108:1 (2003), 20-49.
Kaelber, L., ‘Weber’s Lacuna: Medieval Religion and the Roots of Rationalisation’, Journal
of the History of Ideas, 57:3 (1996), 465-85
Kolko, G., ‘Max Weber on America: Theory and Evidence’, History & Theory, 1 (1961),
243-260
Lamont, W., ‘Puritanism and Capitalism’, in W. Lamont, Puritanism and Historical
Controversy (London, 1996), 103-28
Lehmann, H., & Roth, G. (eds), Weber’s Protestant Ethic: Origins, Evidence, Contexts
(Cambridge, 1993), esp. chs 9-11, 15
Luthy, H., ‘Variations on a Theme by Max Weber’, in M. Prestwich (ed.), International
Calvinism, 1541-1715 (Oxford, 1985), 369-90
MacKinnon, M.’H., ‘Calvinism and the Infallible Assurance of Grace: The Weber Thesis
Reconsidered’, British Journal of Sociology, 39 (1988), 143-77
27
MacKinnon, M. H., ‘Weber’s Exploration of Calvinism: The Undiscovered Provenance of

Capitalism’, British Journal of Sociology, 39 (1988), 78-210
Marshall, G., In Search of the Spirit of Capitalism: An Essay on Max Weber's Protestant
Ethic Thesis (Aldershot, 1982)
Mather, R., ‘The Protestant Ethic Thesis: Weber’s Missing Psychology’, History of the
Human Sciences, 18:1 (2005), 1-16
Ormrod, D., ‘R. H. Tawney and the Origins of Capitalism’, History Workshop Journal, 18
(1984), 138-59
Ringer, F., ‘Max Weber on Causal Analysis, Interpretation, and Comparison’, History &
Theory, 41 (2002), 163-178
Roth, G., ‘History and Sociology in the Work of Max Weber’, British Journal of Sociology
(1976), 306-18; expanded in G. Roth & W. Schluchter, Max Weber's Vision of History:
Ethics and Methods (Berkeley, 1979), pt. II, 119-206
Sprinzak, E., ‘Weber’s Thesis as an Historical Explanation’, History & Theory, 11 (1972),
294-320
Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (London, 1926)
Trevor-Roper, R. H., ‘Religion, the Reformation and Social Change’, in Trevor-Roper,
Religion, the Reformation and Social Change and Other Essays (London, 1967), 1-45
Seminar 7: The Frankfurt School and Critical Theory
This seminar looks at some of the neo-marxists thinkers associated with the Institute
for Social Research at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. The Institute was founded in
1923 and was the first Marx-oriented research institute at a major university. Following
Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the institute moved to New York City in 1935,
where it became affiliated with Columbia University. Some of its members resettled in
West Germany in the early 1950s, but it was only in 1953 that the Institute was formally
re-established in Frankfurt. The lecture will focus on the work and life of two scholars
who shaped the intellectual direction of the school during the 1930-1950s, Theodor
Adorno and Max Horkheimer.
Adorno, Theodor W./Horkheimer, M., Dialectic of the Enlightenment (1944), online
extract from the introduction and chapter 1, taken from Knowledge and Postmodernism
in Historical Perspective, eds J. Appleby et al. (London, 1996), pp. 327-337. (digital
extract)
Ibid., Dialectic of the Enlightenment (1944) (London 1997); chapter: ‘The Culture
Industry: Enlightenment and Mass Deception’, pp. 120-167. (digital extract)
Background Seminar Readings:

Bernstein, J.M. ‘Introduction’, in Adorno, T., The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass
Culture London, ed. by J.M. Bernstein (London, 1991), pp. 1-25. (electronic resource
library)
28
Schmidt, J., ‘Language, Mythodology, and Enlightenment’, Social Research 65,4 (1998):
807-838. (online)
Stone, A., ‘Adorno and the Disenchantment of Nature’, Philosophy and Social Criticism 32,
2 (2006). (online)
Questions for Seminar:

 Why did classical Marxism increasingly pose a problem for members of the
Frankfurt School in the 1920/30s?
 What are the new forms of domination Adorno and Horckheimer identify in their
work?
 What did Adorno/Horckheimer accuse the Enlightenment of?
On the Frankfurt School:

Bottomore, T., The Frankfurt School (Horwood, 1984).
Jay, M., The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of
Social Research, 1923-1950 (Boston, 1973).
Ibid., ‘The Frankfurt School in Exile’, in Permanent Exiles: Essays on the Intellectual
Migration from Germany to America (New York, 1985), pp.
Wiggershaus, R., The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories, and Political Significance,
trans. Michael Robertson (Cambridge, 1994).
Readings by Frankfurt School members or those close to them:

The essential Frankfurt School Reader, eds. A. Arato, E. Gebhardt (London, 1982).
Adorno, Theodor (2002). Essays on Music. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ibid., The Adorno Reader. ed. Brian O’Connor (London, 2000).
Adorno, Theodor, ‘On the Fetisch Character of Music and the Regression of Listening’, in
ibid. The Culture Industry: Selected essays on Mass Culture, ed. J.M. Bernstein (London,
1991), pp. 26-52.
Ibid., ‘Culture Industry reconsidered’, in ibid. The Culture Industry: Selected essays on
Mass Culture, ed. J.M. Bernstein (London, 1991), pp. 85-92.
Ibid, ‘How to Look at Television’, ibid. The Culture Industry: Selected essays on Mass
Culture, ed. J.M. Bernstein (London, 1991), pp. 136-153.
Ibid., ‘Free Time’, ibid. The Culture Industry: Selected essays on Mass Culture, ed. J.M.
Bernstein (London, 1991), pp. 162-170.
Ibid., Minima Moralia: Reflections on Damaged Life, transl. E.F.N. Jephcott (London,
1974).
Adorno, T. and M. Horkheimer. ‘The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass
Deception’, in Dialectic of Enlightenment (New York, 1972).
Benjamin, W., Illuminations, ed. by Hannah Arendt (London, 1970), see in particular
‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’, pp. 211-44. (see lecture 19).
Benjamin, W., One-Way Street (London, 1979)
Benjamin, W., ‘The Author as Producer’, in Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms,
Autobiographical Writings (New York, 1978).
Benjamin, W., The Arcades Project, trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin
(Cambridge, MA, 1999).
29
Habermas, J., The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, transl. by Thomas
Burger (Cambridge Mass., 1989).
Horkheimer, M., ‘Traditional and Critical Theory’, in Critical Theory: Selected Essays,
trans. M.J. O’Connell (New York, 1972).
Ibid., ‘Traditional and Critical Theory’, in ibid., Critical Theory: Selected Essays, transl. by
Mattew J. O’Connell (New York, 1972), pp. 188-243.
Ibid., ‘Art and Mass Culture’ in, ibid., Critical Theory: Selected Essays, transl. by Mattew J.
O’Connell (New York, 1972), pp. 273-290.
Ibid., Eclipse of Reason (New York, 1947).
Kracauer, Siegfried, History: The Last Thing before the Last (1969).
Ibid., On Time (online:
http://www.economics.rpi.edu/public_html/century/eao12/Kracauer.pdf)
Kracauer, Siegfried, The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays (1927), ed. and trans. T. Y. Levin
(Cambridge and London, 1995).
Lukács, Georg, ‘What is Orthodox Marxism’, in History and Class Consciousness. Studies in
Marxist Dialectics (London, 1971). (online:
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/orthodox.htm
Marcuse, H., ‘Some Social Implications of Modern Technology’, in The Essential Frankfurt
School Reader, eds. A. Arato and E. Gebhardt (New York, 1982) (online:
(http://www.nyu.edu/projects/nissenbaum/papers/Socialimplicationsoftechnology.pd
f)
Marcuse, H., Eros and Civilisation: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (London: 1970)
Ibid., The One-Dimensional Man (1964). Online:
(http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/marcuse/works/one-dimensional-
man/one-dimensional-man.pdf) One of the most important books of the 1960s debates!
Brilliant!
Simmel, Georg, The Philosophy of Money (London, 1990).
Ibid., Simmel on Culture: Selected Writings, trans. D. Frisby and M. Featherstone
(London, 1997)
On Critical Theory:
Abromeit, J., Max Horkheimer and the Foundation of the Frankfurt School (Cambridge,
2011).
Berry, D., Revisiting the Frankfurt School: Essays on Culture, Media and Theory
(Aldershot, 2011). (electronic resource online).
Doon, S. M., Adorno: A Biography (Cambridge, 2005).
Robinson, I., The Sexual Radicals: Wilhelm Reich, Geza Roheim, Herbert Marcuse (London,
1970)
Benhabib, S. et al., On Max Horkheimer: New Perspectives, ed. by S. Benhabib et al.,
(London, 1993), Introduction.
Bernstein, J. M., ed., The Frankfurt School: Critical Assessments, 6 vols. (New York, 1994).
Buck-Morss, S., The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project
(Cambridge, MA, 1989).
Brosio, Richard A. The Frankfurt School: An Analysis of the Contradictions and Crises of
Liberal Capitalist Societies (Muncia, 1980). (online)
Burke et al, Adorno and the Need in Thinking: New Critical Essays (Toronto, 2007).
Cook, D. The Culture Industry Revisited. Rowman & Littlefield. (1996).
Cook, D., Adorno, Habermans and the Search for a Rational Society (Cambridge, 1994).
30
Cohen, M., Profane Illumination: Walter Benjamin and the Paris of Surreal Revolution
(Berkeley, 1993)
Eagleton, T., Walter Benjamin: or, Towards a Revolutionary Criticism (London, 1981)
Ferris, D.S. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Walter Benjamin (Cambridge 2004) -
electronic version available through library.
Frisby, D., Fragments of Modernity: Theories of Modernity in the Work of Simmel,
Kracauer and Benjamin (Cambridge, 1986)
Habermas, J., ‘The Entwinement of myth and Enlightenment: Max Horkheimer and
Theodor Adorno’, in, Theordor Adorno: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory, ed. Simon
Jarvis, vol. III, (London, 2007), pp. 46-66. (band nicht in bibliothek?)
Ibid., ‘Georg Simmel on Philosophy and Culture: Postcript to a Collection of Essays’,
Critical Inquiry 22 (1996): 403-14. (online)
Ibid., ‘Remarks on the Development of Horkheimer’s Work, in, On Max Horkheimer: New
Perspectives, ed. by S. Benhabib et al., (London, 1993), pp. ?
Honneth, Axel, Foucault and Adorno: Two Forms of Critique of Modernity, in Theodor
Adorno: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory, ed. Simon Jarvis, vol. III (London, 2007),
pp. 90-100.
Huyssen, A., ‘Mass Culture as Woman: Modernism's Other,’ in After the Great Divide:
Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism (Bloomington, 1986)
Huhn, Tom ed., The Cambridge Companion to Adorno (Cambridge, 2004), (many useful
articles in it).
Jay, M., Marxism and Totality: The Adventures of a Concept from Lukács to Habermas
(Berkeley, 1984)
McCole, J., Walter Benjamin and the Antinomies of Tradition (Ithaca, 1993)
Rose, G., The Melancholy Science. An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno
(New York, 1978).
O’Connor, Brian, ‘Philosophy of History’, in Theodor Adorno: Key Concepts, ed. by
Deborah Cook (Stockfield, 2008), pp. 161-170. (digitised extract).
Schwartz, Vanessa, ‘Walter Benjamin for Historians,’ The American Historical Review
106: 5 (December 2001): 1721-1743.
Miller, Tyrus, Modernism and the Frankfurt School (2014),
Steinberg, Michael (ed.), Walter Benjamin and the Demands of History (Ithaca, New York
1996)
Tar, Zoltan, The Frankfurt School: The Critical Theories of Max Horkheimer and
Theodor W., Adorno (New York, 1977).
Taithe, T., Buse, P., McCracken, S., Benjamin's Arcades: An Unguided Tour (Manchester
2006)
Wheatland, Thomas. The Frankfurt School in Exile (Minneapolis, 2009).
Schmidt, Alfred, The Concept of Nature in Marx, trans. Ben Fowkes (London, 1972).
Schnädelbach, H., ‚The Contemporary Relevance of the Dialectic of Enlightenment’
(1987), in Theodor Adorno: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory, ed. Simon Jarvis, vol. I
(London, 2007), pp. 137-155.
Vogel, Steven, Against Nature: The Concept of Nature in Critical Theory (Albany, 2006).
Witkin, Robert W., Adorno on Popular Culture (London, 2003).
Wolin, R., Walter Benjamin: An Aesthetic of Redemption (New York, 1982), ch. 8 on
Benjamin’s ‘Thesis on History’.
Wolin, R., The Terms of Cultural Criticism: The Frankfurt School, Existentialism,
Postructuralism (New York, 1992).
31
Seminar 8: Les Annales: History Produced in an Interdisciplinary Laboratory
The seminar will consider the development of an influential ‘school’ of historical

scholarship in France, which came to set the agenda for historiography not only in
France but many other countries. The scholars related to the Annales School favoured
medieval and early modern themes and are known for bringing in methods from the
science into the practice of history writing. (Their dislike of Marxist historiography was
also famous!) We will investigate some of their important concepts such as the idea of a
histoire totale, and their new conceptions of time and space, the longue durée, and
histoire événementielle. The lecture will show how these conceptual ideas which
dominated European and American historiography particularly during the 1950s/60s
reflect postwar politics in France.
Braudel, F., ‘History and the Social Sciences. The Long Term’, Social Science Information,
9:1 (1970), 144-174 OR Braudel, F., ‘History and the Social Sciences: The Longue Durée’,
in On History (Chicago, 1980), pp. 25-54. (digitised extract)
Febvre, L., ‘A New Kind of History’, in A New Kind of History: From the Writings of Lucien
Febvre, ed. P. Burke (London, 1973), pp. 27-43. (digitised extract)
Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel, Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294-
1324 (London, 1980); chapter VII: The Shepherd’s Mental Outlook, pp. 120-135; and
chapter VIII: Body Language and Sex, pp. 139-152 (digitised extract).

Hunt, Lynn. "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales
Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History Vol. 21, No. 2, Twentieth Anniversary Issue
(Apr., 1986), pp. 209-2. (online)
Midell, Matthias, ‘The Annales’, in Berger, S., Feldner, H., Passmore, K. (eds), Writing
History: Theory & Practice (2003), pp. 105-115. (digitised extract)
Harris, O., ‘Braudel: Historical Time and the Horror of Discontinuity’, History Workshop
Journal, 57 (2004): 161-174. (online)
Questions for Seminar/Essay:

 Is total or holistic history possible or desirable?
 How do you understand Braudel’s division of time into that of (1) structure –
long time (longue durée), (2) conjuncture – medium-term units of decades, and
(3) event – short term (histoire événementielle)? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of a focus on the longue durée?
 Why did E. Le Roy Ladurie turn from structuralist history to the ‘history of
mentalities’? How useful is the concept for understanding historical change?
 Why was the Annales School so successful after WWII?
32
General reading on Les Annalistes:

Burguière, A., The Annales School: An Intellectual History (Ithaca NY, 2009).
Burke, P., ‘French Historians and their Cultural Identities’, in E. Tonkin et al (eds),
History and Ethnicity (London, 1989), 157-167.
Burke, P., The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Cambridge,
1990).
Carrard, P., Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to
Chartier (Baltimore, 1992).
Ibid., ‘Theory of Practice: Historical Enunciation and the Annales School’, in F.
Ankersmit and H. Kellner (eds.), A New Philosophy of History (Chicago, 1995) (digitised
extract).
Clark, S. (ed.), The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4 vols, London, 1999).
Cobb, R., ‘Annalistes’ Revolution’, Times Literary Supplement (8 September 1966), 19-20,
reprinted as ‘Nous des Annales’, in Cobb, A Second Identity: Essays on France and French
History (Oxford, 1969), 76-83 .
Dosse, F., New History in France: The Triumph of the Annales (Urbana IL, 1994)
Fox-Genovese, E., ‘The Political Crisis of Social History: A Marxian Perspective’, Journal
of Social History, 10 (1976): 205-20.
Himmelfarb, G., The New History and the Old (Cambridge MASS, 1987), 1-46
Hunt, L., ‘French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales
Paradigm’, Journal of Contemporary History, 21 (1986), 209-24, & reprinted in S. Clark
(ed.), The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4 vols, London, 1999), I, pp. 24-38
Iggers, G. G., New Directions in European Historiography (London, 1985).
Iggers, G. G., Historiography in the Twentieth Century: from Scientific Objectivity to the
Postmodern Challenge (Middletown, CT, 1997), ch. 5.
Jones, G. S., ‘The New Social History in France’, in C. Jones & D. Wahrman (eds), The Age
of Cultural Revolutions: Britain and France, 1750-1820 (Berkeley, 2002), 94-105
Judt, T., ‘A Clown in Regal Purple: Social History and the Historians’, History Workshop
Journal 7 (1979), pp. 66-94
Skinner, Q., The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences (Cambridge, 1990), ch.1
Stoianovich, T., French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm (Ithaca, 1976)
Readings o Marc Bloch & Lucien Febvre:

Chirot, D., ‘The Social and Historical Landscape of Marc Bloch’, in T. Skocpol (ed.), Vision
and Method in Historical Sociology (Cambridge, 1984), 22-46, & reprinted in S. Clark
(ed.), The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4 vols, London, 1999), IV, 177-99
Epstein, S. R., ‘Marc Bloch: The Identity of a Historian’, Journal of Medieval History, 19
(1993), 273-83.
Fink, C., Marc Bloch: A Life in History (Cambridge, 1989).
Loyn, H., ‘Marc Bloch’, in J. Cannon, J. (ed.), The Historian at Work (London, 1980), 121-
35, & reprinted in S. Clark (ed.), The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4 vols, London,
1999), IV, 162-76
Lyon, B., ‘Marc Bloch, Historian’, French Historical Studies, 15 (1987), 195-207
Lyon, B., ‘Marc Bloch: Did He Repudiate Annales History?’, Journal of Medieval History, 11
(1985), 181-92, & reprinted in S. Clark (ed.), The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4
vols, London, 1999), IV, 200-212
33
Readings on Fernand Braudel:

Braudel, F., The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Phillip II, 2
vols. (London, 1972-73)
Braudel, F., Civilisation and Capitalism, Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: The Structures
of Everyday Life; The Wheels of Commerce; The Perspective of the World (3 vols., London,
1981-5)
Braudel, F., The Identity of France: History and Environment; People and Production (2
vols., 1988-90)
Burke, P., ‘Fernand Braudel’, in J. Cannon, J. (ed.), The Historian at Work (London, 1980),
188-202, & reprinted in S. Clark (ed.), The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4 vols,
London, 1999), III, 111-23
Kinser, S., ‘Capitalism Enshrined: Braudel’s Trypych of Modern European History’,
Journal of Modern History, 53 (1981), 673-82, & reprinted in S. Clark (ed.), The Annales
School: Critical Assessments, 4 Vols. (London, 1999), III, 184-94
Kinser, S., ‘Annaliste Paradigm? The Geo-Historical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel’,
American Historical Review, 86 (1981), 63-105, & reprinted in S. Clark (ed.), The Annales
School: Critical Assessments, 4 vols (London, 1999), III, 124-75
McNeill, W., et al., ‘History With A French Accent’, Journal of Modern History, 44 (1972),
447-538 (incl. F. Braudel, ‘Personal Testimony’, 448-67; H. R. Trevor Roper, ‘Fernand
Braudel, the Annales, and the Mediterranean’, 468-79; J. H. Hexter, ‘Fernand Braudel and
the Monde Braudellien . . .’, 480-538)
Wessling, H., ‘Ferdinand Braudel, Historian of the Longue Duree’, Intinerario 5 (1981):
16-29.
Seminar 9: E.P. Thompson: The Rise of ‘Experience’ and the New Social History
If asked who m they consider the most important English historian of the 20th century,
many would answer: E.P. Thompson. This lecture/seminar investigates why the British
historian, writer, socialist and peace campaigner Edward Palmer Thompson – he held a
position at the Warwick History Department during the 1960s and early 1970s -- is still
so highly regarded among the historical profession and in wider British culture. What
was his new social history about? Why did he stress the experience of people in the past
so much?
Thompson, E. P., The Making of the English Working Class (London, 1963), pp. 9-27, 207-
232, 887-915. (digitised extracts)
Ibid., The Poverty of Theory (London, 1995), pp. 50-68.
(http://home.ku.edu.tr/~mbaker/CSHS503/ThompsonPovertyofTheory.pdf)
Ibid., ‘Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism’, Past & Present 38,1 (1967):
(http://tems.umn.edu/pdf/epthompson-pastpresent.pdf)
34

Schofield, Philipp, ‘History and Marxism’, in Lambert, P., Schofield, Phillipp (eds),
Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline
(London/New York, 2004), pp. 180-191. (digitised extract)
Rosaldo, R. ‘Celebrating Thompson’s Heroes: Social Analysis in History and
Anthropology’, in H. J. Kaye & K. McClelland (eds), E. P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives
(Cambridge, 1990), pp. 103-124. (digitised extract)
Soper, K., ‘Socialist Humanism’, in Kaye & McClelland, op.cit., pp. 204-232.
Welskopp, T., ‘Social History’, in S. Berger, H. Feldner and K. Passmore (eds), Writing
History: Theory and Practice (London, 2003), pp. 203-22. (digitised extract)
 What were E.P Thompson’s key ideas? How ‘original’ was he?
 What were the main failures and omissions from his history writing?
 Did Thompson’s political work make him a better historian?
Key Works by E. P. Thompson:

E.P. Thompson, William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary (London, 1976)
Ibid., ‘Anthropology and the Discipline of Historical Context’, Midland History, 1:3,
Spring 1972.
ibid., ‘Folklore, Anthropology and Social History’, Indian Historical Review, 3:2 (1978),
247-266, & reprinted as a Studies in Labour History Pamphlet (1979), copy available in
library.
Ibid., ‘Eighteenth-Century English Society: Class Struggle without Class?’, Social History,
3: 2, May 1978.
Ibid., Warwick University Ltd. Industry, Management and the Universities (1970), 2nd ed.
(London, 2014).
ibid., The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays (London, 1978).
ibid., Writing by Candlelight (London, 1980)
ibid., Customs in Common (London 1991). A collection put together by Thompson of
some of his best-known essays, along with replies to his critics.
Thompson, E. P., Witness Against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral Law (London,
1993).
ibid., ‘The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century’, Past &
Present 50 (1971): 76-136 (online) & reprinted in Thompson, Customs in Common
(London, 1991), ch. 4, along with a rejoinder to his critics.
Readings on E.P. Thompson:

Ankersmit, F. R., ‘Can We Experience the Past’, in Rolf Torstendahl and Irmeline Veit-
Brause (eds), History-Making: The Intellecutal and Social Formation of a Discipline
(1996).
Anderson, P., Arguments within English Marxism (London, 1980)
Bess, H., ‘E. P. Thompson: The Historian as Activist’, American Historical Review, 98
(1993): 19-38
Curry, P., ‘Towards a Post-Marxist Social History: Thompson, Clark and Beyond’, in A.
Wilson (ed.), Rethinking Social History: English Society, 1570-1920 and Its Interpretation
(Manchester, 1993), pp. 158-200
35
Donnelly, F. K., ‘Ideology and Early English Working-Class History: Edward Thompson
and his Critics’, Social History 2 (1976), 219-38
Eastwood, D., ‘History, Politics and Reputation: E.P. Thompson Reconsidered’, History
85 [No.280] (2000), 634-54
Hamilton, S., The Crisis of Theory: EP Thompson, the New Left and Postwar British Politics
(Manchester 2011)
Hitchcock, T., ‘A New History From Below’, History Workshop Journal, 57 (2004), 294-
98
Postmodern Challenge (Middletown CT, 1997), ch.7
Jay, M., Songs of Experience. Modern American And European Variations On A Universal
Theme, (Berkeley CA and London, 2005)
Ireland, C., ‘The Appeal to Experience and its Consequences: Variations on a Persistent
Thompsonian Theme’, Cultural Critique 52 (2002), 86-107
Johnson, R., ‘Edward Thompson, Eugene Genovese and Socialist-Humanist History’,
History Workshop Journal, 6 (1978), 79-100
Kaye, H., & McClelland, K. (eds), E.P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives (Cambridge, 1991)
Michael Kenny, The First New Left: British Intellectuals After Stalin (London: Lawrence &
Wishart, 1995)
King, P., ‘Edward Thompson’s Contribution to Eighteenth-Century Studies: The
Patrician-Plebeian Model Re-Examined’, Social History, 21 (1996), 215-28
Randall, A., & Charlesworth, A. (eds), Moral Economy and Popular Protest: Crowds,
Conflict and Authority (Basingstoke, 2000)
Scott, J. W., ‘The Evidence of Experience’, Critical Inquiry, 17 (1991), 773-97, & revised
as ‘Experience’, in J. Butler & J.W. Scott (eds), Feminists Theorize the Political (New York,
1992), 22-40
Steinberg, M. W., ‘A Way of Struggle: Reformations and Affirmations of E.P. Thompson’s
Class Analysis in the Light of Post-modern Theories of Language’, British Journal of
Sociology, 48 (1997), 471-92
Steinberg, M. W., ‘Culturally Speaking: Finding a Commons Between Post-Structuralism
and the Thompsonian Perspective’, Social History, 21 (1996), 193-214
Wrightson, K., English Society, 1580-1680 (London, 2003), 9-16 (Introduction)
Yeo, E., ‘E. P. Thompson: Witness Against the Beast’, in W. Lamont (ed.), Historical
Controversies and Historians (London, 1998), 215-224
Some Post-Thompsonian Approaches to the History of Class:

Calhoun, C., The Question of Class Struggle: Social Foundations of Popular Radicalism
During the Industrial Revolution (Oxford, 1982)
Chakrabarty, D., Rethinking Working-Class History. Bengal, 1890-1940 (Princeton NJ,
2000)
Davidoff, L., & Hall, C., Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class,
1780-1850 (London, 1987)
Feldman, D., ‘Class’, in P. Burke (ed.), History and Historians in the Twentieth Century
(Oxford, 2002), 181-206
Jones, G. S., Languages of Class: Studies in English Working-Class History, 1832-1982
(Cambridge, 1984)
Joyce, P., Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, 1840-1914
(Cambridge, 1991)
36
Rollison, D., ‘Discourse and Class Struggle: The Politics of Industry in Early Modern
England’, Social History, 26 (2001), 166-89
Wahrman, D., Imagining the Middle Class: The Political Representation of Class in Britain,
c.1750-1840 (Cambridge, 1995)
Walter, J., Understanding Popular Violence in the English Revolution: The Colchester
Plunderers (Cambridge, 1999), ch.7 (esp. 260-84)
Wood, A., The Politics of Social Conflict: The Peak Country, 1520-1770 (Cambridge, 1999),
10-26, 316-25
British Marxism and Communist Historians:

Dworkin, D., Cultural Marxism in Postwar Britain: History, the New Left and the Origin of
Cultural Studies (Durham NC, 1997)
Hensman, Rohini, review of Joan Allen, Alan Campbell and John McIlroy (eds.), Histories
of Labour: National and International Perspectives (2010), in Economic and Political
Weekly, Vol. 48, No.3, 19 Jan. 2013, pp. 31-33. For a recent brief review of British labour
history.
Hobsbawm, E. J., ‘Where are British Historians Going?’, Marxist Quarterly, 2 (1955), 14-
26
Kaye, H. J., The British Marxist Historians: An Introductory Analysis (Cambridge, 1984)
Kaye, H. J., The Education of Desire. Marxists and the Writing of History (London, 1992)
Kaye, H. J., ‘Fanning the Spark of Hope in the Past: the British Marxist Historians’,
Rethinking History, 4:3 (2000), 281-94
Lee, R. E., The Life and Times of Cultural Studies (Durham SC, 2003), 11-34
Long, P., Only in the Common People: The Aesthetics of Class in Post-War Britain
(Newcastle, 2008)
Palmer, B. D., ‘Reasoning Rebellion. E.P. Thompson, British Marxist Historians, and the
Making of Dissident Political Mobilization’, Labour / Le Travail, 50 (2002), 187-216
Renton, D., ‘Studying Their Own Nation Without Insularity? The British Marxist
Historians Reconsidered’, Science and Society, 69:4 (2005), 559-79
Seminar 10: The ‘Linguistic Turn’: Postmodernity and Historians
During the 1960s and 1970s scholars in the humanities became fascinated with an
intellectual tradition that originated at the turn of the 20thcentury and which focussed
on the relationship between the human sciences and language. One of its central ideas is
that language is not a transparent medium of thought and is not capable of
expressing reality. The ‘linguistic turn’ took many directions, and this session will
engage with scholars of the structuralist tradition and the ensuing movement of
poststructuralism. The seminar/lecture will introduce us to the central theories and key
terms of this fascinating and incredible important intellectual tradition in history
writing, which is still very much alive today. We will also look at the socio-cultural
conditions which made the ‘linguistic turn’ possible.
Seminar Readings:
Barthes, Roland, ‘The Death of the Author’, in ibid., Music, Image, Text (1977) (online:
http://www.deathoftheauthor.com/
37
Hayden White, “The Question of Narrative in Contemporary Historical Theory,” History

and Theory 23 (1984): 1-33. (online)
Scott, J. W., ‘Experience’, Critical Inquiry, 17, 4 (1991): 773- (online; also @
http://conceptsinsts.wikispaces.com/file/view/Joan+Scott+Experience.pdf)

Spiegel, Gabrielle, ‘History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text in
the Middle Ages’, Speculum, lxv (1990), pp. 59-86. good overview, you don’t need to
read the part where she talks about her medieval example) (online)
Chartier, Roger, ‘Four Questions for Hayden White’, in On the Edge of the Cliff: History,
Language and Practices (Baltimore, 1997), 28-38 (electronic library resource)
Eley, Geoff, ‘Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two
Decades Later’, in Terrance J. McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences
(Ann Arbor, 1996), 193-244; read excerpt in Gabrielle Spiegel (ed.), Practicing History:
New Directions in Historical Writing After the Linguistic Turn (London, 2005), pp. 35-61
(Library online resource)
 ‘Language can never express reality’. Discuss.
 Is Hayden White wrong to argue that history is entire subjective?
 What is the difference between structuralism and poststructurialism?
Further Readings:
Postmodern Theory and Semiology:

Appiganesi, R., & Garratt, C., Postmodern Theory for Beginners (Cambridge, 1995).
Appleby, J., et al., Knowledge and Postmodernism in Historical Perspective (New York,
1996).
Barry, R., Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory
(Manchester, 1995).
Barthes, Roland, Mythologies (orig. 1957) (London, 1993).
Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulation (orig. 1981, Ann Arbor, 1994).
Brown, C., Postmodernism for Historians (Edinburgh, 2005), pp. 33-58. (very readable
introduction to all areas of basics of postmodern history writing). (order more copies)
Chandler, D., Semiotics: The Basics (London, 2002). (Excellent introduction)
Denzin, N.K, ‘Towards an Interpretation of Semiotics and History’, Semiotica 3-4, 54
(1985): 225-350.
Derrida, Jacques, Writing and Difference (orig. 1967, London 1997).
Lyotard, Jean-Francois, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (orig. 1979,
Manchester, 1984).
Saussure, F., Course in General Linguistics (orig. lectures in 1916, New York, 1959).
White, R., The Structure of Metaphor: The Way the Language of Metaphor Works (Oxford:
Blackwell, 1996).
Postmodern Theory and History Writing:

Anderson, P., The Origins of Postmodernity (London, 1998).
38
Ankersmit, F. ‘Historiography And Postmodernism’, History & Theory, 28 (1989): 139-

53.
Attridge, D., et al., Post-structuralism and the Question of History (Cambridge, 1987)
Boettcher, S. R., ‘The Linguistic Turn’, in G. Walker (ed.), Writing Early Modern History
(London, 2005), pp. 71-94.
Mark Bevir, ‚Objectivity in History’, History and Theory 33 (1994),
Bonnell, V.E., and Hunt, L. (eds), Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of
Society and Culture (Berkely, 1999). (electronic online resource)
Brown, C., Postmodernism for Historians (Edinburgh, 2005).
Chartier, R., 'Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations', trans. Lydia
Cochrane (Cambridge, 1988).
Clark, Elizabeth A., History, Theory, Text: Historians and the Lingustic Turn (2004) (very
good overview of intellectual development).
Cusset, F., French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze & Co. Transformed the
Intellectual Life of the United States (Minneapolis, 2008)
Daston, L., Galison, P., ‚The Image of Objectivity’, Representations 4 (1992):
Ermarth, E. D., ‘Agency in the Discursive Condition’, History and Theory 40 (2001): ?.
Greenblatt, S. and Gallagher, C., Practicing New Historicism (Chicago, 2001).
Harvey, D., The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry Into the Origins of Cultural
Change (Oxford, 1990).
Hunt, Lynn, 1990 "History Beyond Social Theory," in David Carroll, ed., The States of
"Theory": History, Art, and Critical Discourse (Stanford, 1990), pp. 95-112.
Postmodern Challenge (Middletown CT, 1997), ch. 10
Jenkins, K., Ethics and Postmodernity (
Ibid., The Postmodern History Reader (London/New York, 1997).
Joyce, P., ‘History and Postmodernity’, Past and Present 133 (1991): 204-209.
Ibid., ‚The Return of History: Postmodernism and the Politics of Accademic History in
Britain’, Past and Present, 158 (1998): 207-235.
Ibid., ‘The End of Social History?’, in Jenkins, K., The Postmodern History Reader (London
and New York, 1997), pp. 341-365.
Munslow, A., Deconstructing History (London, 1997).
Munslow, A., The Routledge Companion to Historical Study (London, 2000). (order)
Southgate, B., Why Bother with History? (London, 2000).
Veeser, A., ed. , The New Historicism (London, 1989).
Vernon, J., ‘Who’s Afraid of the “Linguistic Turn”? The Politics of Social History and its
Discontents’, Social History 19 (1994): 81-97.
Hayden White’s Writings and the Debates over Narrative:

Barthes, Roland, ‘The Discourse of History’, in K. Jenkins, The Postmodern History Reader
(London, 1997), pp.
Hughes-Warrington, M., Fifty Key Thinkers on History (Abingdon, 2008), Ch. on Hayden
White, pp. 388-95.
Jenkins, K., What is History? From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White (1995).
Kellner, H. ,‘“A Bedrock of Order: Hayden White’s Linguistic Humanism’, History and
Theory 19 (1980):
Konstan, D., ‘The Function of Narrative in Hayden White’s Metahistory,” Clio 11 (1981):
39
Kramer, L.S., ‘Literature, Criticism, and Historical Imagination: The Literary Challenge of
Hayden White and Dominique Capra, in Hunt, L., New Cultural History
LaCapra, D., Kaplan, S.L., Modern European Intellectual History: Reappraisals and New
Perspectives (Cornell University Press, 1982) (important collection).
Marwick, A., ‘Two Approaches to Historical Study: The Metaphysical (Including
“Postmodernism”) and the Historical’, Journal of Contemporary History, 30 (1995): 5-35
(& cf. H. White, ‘Response to Arthur Marwick in idem., 30 (1995), 233-46; & Symposium
on the Marwick-White debate in idem., 31 (1996): 191-28 (incl. C. Lloyd, ‘For Realism
and Against the Inadequacies of Common Sense: A Response to Arthur Marwick’: 191-
207; B. Southgate, ‘History and Metahistory: Marwick versus White’: 209-14; W.
Kansteiner, ‘Searching for an Audience: The Historical Profession in the Media Age: A
Comment on Arthur Marwick and Hayden White’: 215-219; G. Roberts, ‘Narrative
History as a Way of Life’: 221-228
Passmore, K., ‘Poststructuralism and History’, in S. Berger, H. Feldner and K. Passmore
(eds), Writing History: Theory and Practice (London, 2003), 118-40
Poster, M., Cultural History and Postmodernity: Disciplinary Readings and Challenges
(New York, 1997).
Paul, H., “Hayden White and the Crisis of Historicism,” in Re-figuring Hayden White, ed.
Ankersmit, F., Domanska, E., and Kellner, H. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).
Paul, H., Hayden White: The Historical Imagination (2011).
Paul, H.,“An Ironic Battle against Irony: Epistemological and Ideological Irony in Hayden
White’s Philosophy of History, 1955–73,” in Tropes for the Past: Hayden White and the
History/Literature Debate, ed. Kuisma Korhonen (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006), pp.
Southgate, B., History: What and Why? Ancient, Modern and Postmodern Perspectives
(London, 1996), pp. 108-122.
Toews, John, ‘Intellectual History After the Linguistic Turn: The Autonomy of Meaning
and the Irreducibility of Experience’, American Historical Review, 92 (1987): ?.
White, H. ‘The Burden of History’, History and Theory 52, 131 (1966): 111-34 (online).
White, H., The Content of Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation
(Baltimore, 1987).
White, H., Figural Realism: Studies in the Mimesis Effect (Baltimore, 1999).
White, H., Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978).
White, H., ‘Manifesto Time’, in K. Jenkins, S. Morgan, A. Munslow (eds.), Manifestos for
History (Abingdon, 2007), pp. 220-234. (his reflection on recent developments)
White, H., ‘The Historical Text as a Literary Artifact’, Clio 3, 3 (1974): ? (online)
Critiques of Postmodernist Theory and its Effects on Historical Writing:

Appleby, J., Hunt, L., and Jacob, M., Telling the Truth about History (New York, 1994),
esp. chs. 5 & 6.
Callinicos, A., Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique (London, 1989).
Canning, Kathleen, ‘Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historizising Discourse
and experience’, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 19 (1994): ?.
Downs, L.L., ‘Reply to Joan Scott’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35 (1993):
444-451.
Eagleton, T., Ideology: An Introduction (London, 1991); chap. 2-4.
Eley, G. & Neild, K., The Future of Class in History. What’s Left of the Social? (Ann Arbor
MI, 2007), pp. 57-80.
40
Elton, G.R., Return to Essentials: Some Reflections on the Present State of Historical Study
(Cambridge, 1991), esp. ch.2
Evans, R., In Defense of History (London, 1997), most influential and widely read critique
of postmodernism in History
Fulbrook, M., Historical Theory (London, 2002) (seeks middle ground between
postmodernism and its opponents.
Himmelfarb, G., ‘Some Reflections on the New History’, American Historical Review, 94
(1989), 661-70
Jameson, Frederic, Postmodernism, Or the Logic of Late Capitalism (Online:
http://flawedart.net/courses/articles/Jameson_Postmodernism__cultural_logic_late_ca
pitalism.pdf), a famous and powerful Marxist critique of postmodernism first published
in New Left Review I/146, July–August 1984 and as a book in 1991.
Jordanova, L. History in Practice (London, 2000) (see Fulbrook).
Kirk, N., ‘History, Language, Ideas and Post-Modernism: A Materialist View’, Social
History 19 (1994): 221-40.
Marwick, A., The New Nature of History: Knowledge, Evidence, Language (Basingstoke
2001).
Norris, C., What is Wrong with Postmodernism: Cultural Theory and the End of Philosophy
(Baltimore, 1990).
Palmer, B. Descent into Discourse: The Reification of Language and the Writing of Social
History (Philadelphia, 1990).
Price, R., ‘Postmodernism as Theory and History’, in J. Belchem and N. Kirk (eds),
Languages of Labour (Aldershot 1997), pp.
Spiegel, G., ‘History, Historicsm and the Social Logic of the Text’ in ibid., The Past as a
Text: the Theory and Practice of Medieval Historiography (Baltimore, 1997), pp.
see or/also her excellent piece, ‘History and Postmodernism’, Past and Present 135
(1992): pp. (online). Here she extends her arguments from the Speculum article.
Stedman Jones, G., ‘The Deterministic Fix: Some Obstacles to the Further Development
of the Linguistic Approach to History in the 1990s’, History Workshop Journal 42 (1996):
19-35.
Stone, L., & Spiegel, G.,1 ‘History and Postmodernism’, Past & Present 135 (1992): 89-
208.
Thompson, Willie, What Happened to History? (London, 2000).
Windshuttle, K., Killing of History: How a Discipline is being Murdered by Literary Critics
and Social Theorists (San Francisco, 1996).
Seminar 11: Microhistory: Narratives of Everyday Life
Parallel to the postmodern linguistic movement discussed in the last session, emerges
another form of history writing in the 1970s. It suggested an intensive investigation of a
well-defined smaller unit of research and embraced the small, the everyday, such as the
story of a village, a family or even a single person. A group of Italian scholars, among
them Carlo Ginzburg, called their enterprise ‘micro-history’. We investigate why this
new trend emerges in Italy of the 1960s and 70s and what kind of new methodologies it
involved.
41
Ginzburg, C., The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller
([1976] London, 1980), xi-xxvi, 1-41, 112-128

Ginzburg, C., ‘Checking the Evidence: the Judge and the Historian’, Critical Inquiry 18
(1991), 79-82 (online).
Ginzburg, C., ‚Microhistory: Two or Three Things That I Know about It’, Critical Inquiry
20, 1 (1993), pp. 10-35. (online)
Brewer, J., ‘Microhistory and the Histories of Everyday Life’, Cultural and Social History,
7:1 (2010), 87-109 (online).
Questions for Seminar:

 Why did microhistory come to the fore in the 1970s and 1980s? Was this ‘good’
for the discipline of history?
 How do you situate microhistory? Is it essentially local history? Is it really an
anthropology of the past? Or, is it more like a work of literature? What is the
role of the strong narrative structure of The Cheese and the Worms?
 Is this essentially a history of mentalities? Is Menocchio really representative of
the popular mind of his day?
Discussions of Ginzburg’s Work:

Burke, P., ‘Talking Out the Cosmos [Review of Ginzburg, The Cheese & the Worms & of
Falassi, Folklore by the Fireside’, History Today 31 (1981), 54-55.
Burke, P. ‘Introduction: Carlo Ginzburg, Detective’, in Carlo Ginzburg, The Enigma of
Piero: Piero della Francesca: The Baptism, The Arezzo Cycle, The Flagellation (London,
1985), 1-5
Chiappelli, F, ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, Renaissance Quarterly,
34 (1981), 397-400
Cohn, S., ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, Journal of Interdisciplinary
History, 12 (1982), 523-5
Del Col, A., ‘Introduction’, in A. Del Col (ed.), Domenico Scandella, Known as Mennochio:
His Trials Before the Inquisition (1583-1599), xi-cxii
Elliott, J. H., ‘Rats or Cheese? [Review of Cipolla, Faith, Reason & Plague & of Ginzburg,
The Cheese and the Worms]’, New York Review of Books 27:11 (26 June 1980).
Ginzburg, C., & Gundersen, T. R., ‘On the Dark Side of History’, Eurozine (11 July, 2003)
[http://www.eurozine.com/article/2003-07-11-ginzburg-en.html]
Hunter, M., ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, History 66 (1981), 296
Ginzburg, C., ‘The Inquisitor as Anthropologist’, in, ibid., Clues, Myth, and Historical
Method, trans. John and Anne Tedeschi (Baltimore, 1989), pp. 156-165. (online:
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/burt/%20%20%20%20%201WebCT%20Spring%2005
/6%20Inquisitor%20as%20anthro.pdf) .
Kelly, W. W., ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, Journal of Peasant
Studies 11 (1982), 119-21
Ginzburg, C., ‘The High and the Low: The Theme of Forbidden Knowledge in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, Past & Present, 73 (1976), 28-41, reprinted in
Ginzburg, Myths, Emblems, Clues (London, 1990), 60-76
42
Ginzburg, C., ‘Morelli, Freud and Sherlock Holmes: Clues and Scientific Method’, History
Workshop Journal, 9 (1980), 5-36, reprinted as ‘Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigm’,
in Ginzburg, Myths, Emblems, Clues (London, 1990), 96-127
LaCapra, D., ‘The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Twentieth-Century Historian’,
in LaCapra, History and Criticism (Ithaca, 1980), 45-70
Luria, K., ‘The Paradoxical Carlo Ginzburg’, Radical History Review 35 (1986), 80-87
Luria, K. & Gandolfo, R., ‘Carlo Ginzburg: An Interview’, Radical History Review, 35
(1986), 89-111.
Martin, J., ‘Journey to the World of the Dead: The Work of Carlo Ginzburg’, Journal of
Social History, 25 (1992), 613-26
Midelfort, H., ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, Catholic Historical
Review 68 (1982), 513-4
Molho, T., ‘Carlo Ginzburg: Reflections on the Intellectual Cosmos of a 20th Century
Historian’, History of European Ideas, 30 (2004), 121-148
Schutte, A. J., ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, Church History, 51
(1982), 218
Schutte, A. J., ‘Review Article: Carlo Ginzburg’, Journal of Modern History, 48 (1976), 296-
315
Scribner, R. W., ‘Is a History of Popular Culture Possible?’, History of European Ideas, 10
(1989), 175-91
Scribner, R., ‘The Historical Anthropology of Early Modern Europe’, in R. Po-Chia Hsia &
R. W. Scribner (eds), Problems in the Historical Anthropology of Early Modern Europe
(Wiesbaden, 1997), 11-34
Valeri, V., ‘Review [of Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms]’, Journal of Modern History,
54 (1982), 139-43
Zambelli, P., ‘From Menocchio to Piero della Francesca: The Work of Carlo Ginzburg’,
Historical Journal 28 (1985), 983-99
On Microhistory More Generally:

Gray, M., ‘Micro-history as Universal History’, Central European History 34:3 (2001):
419-31
Gregory, B. S., ‘Is Small Beautiful? Micro-history and the History of Everyday Life’,
History and Theory, 38:1 (February 1999), 100-110
Postmodern Challenge (Middletown CT, 1997), ch.9
Kuehn, T., ‘Reading Micro-history: The Example of Giovanni and Lusanna’, Journal of
Modern History, 61:3 (1989), 512-34
Magnusson, S. G., ‘The Singularisation of History: Social History and Micro-history
within the Postmodern State of Knowledge’, Journal of Social History, 36 (2003), 701-35.
Magnusson, S. G., ‘Social History as “Sites of Memory”? The Institutionalisation of
History: Micro-history and the Grand Narrative’, Journal of Social History 39:3 (2006),
891-913
Muir, E., & Ruggiero, G. (eds), History from Crime: Selections from Quaderni Storici
(Baltimore, 1994)
Muir, E., & Ruggiero, G. (eds), Microhistory and the Lost Peoples of Europe: Selections
from Quaderni Storici (Baltimore, 1991)
Muir, E., & Ruggiero, G. (eds), Sex and Gender in Historical Perspective: Selections from
Quaderni Storici (Baltimore, 1990)
43
Peltonen, M., ‘Clues, Margins and Monads: The Micro-Macro Link in Historical Research’,
History and Theory 40 (2001), 347-59
Ruggiero, G., Binding Passions: Tales of Magic, Marriage and Power at the End of the
Renaissance (Oxford, 1993)
Szijarto, I., ‘Four Arguments for Micro-history’, Rethinking History 6:2 (2002), 209-15
Seminar 12: In Search of Symbolic Meaning: Robert Darnton’s The Great Cat
Massacre and the New Cultural History
We have seen in earlier sessions that the discipline of anthropology and its
methodologies became increasingly important to historians in the 1970s and 1980s.
This lecture/seminar investigates this ‘love’ for anthropology in more detail through the
reading of one of the most fascinating historical works that uses anthropological
concepts fashionable in the 1980s.
Seminar Readings:
Darnton, R., The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes of Cultural History (London,
2009), chapter 1: Peasants Tell Tales, pp. 9-74 (online:
http://designstudiesdiscourses.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/86704216-robert-
darnton-the-great-cat-massacre.pdf).
Seminar Background Readings:

Chartier, R., ‘Text, Symbols and Frenchness: Historical Uses of Symbolic Anthropology’,
in Roger Chartier, Between Practice and Representation (Ithaca, 1988), pp. 95-112.
(digitised extract)
Geertz, C., ‘Thick Description: Towards an Interpretation of Culture’, in ibid., The
Interpretation of Cultures (New York, Basic Books, 1973) (online: http://www.staff.u-
szeged.hu/~magnes/downloads/greetz.pdf).
LaCapra, D., ‘Chartier, Darnton, and the Great Symbol Massacre," The Journal of Modern
History 60, 1 (1988) (online).
 Why did anthropology become important to historians in the 1980s (and
sociology less so)?
 What are the aims of the New Cultural History of the 1980s?
 Why were historians like Darnton interested in rituals of the past that appears
strange and rather foreign to us?
Further Readings:
Burke, P., Varieties of Cultural History (Cambridge, 1997).
Burke, P., What Is Cultural History (Cambridge, 2004).
Christie, N. J, ‘From Intellectual to Cultural History: The Comparative Catalyst’, Journal of
History and Politics, 6 (1988-89), 79-100
44
Darnton, R. ‘The Symbolic Element in History’, Journal of Modern History 58 (1986):

218-234.
Handler, R., ‘Cultural Theory in History Today’, American Historical Review 107 (2002):
Hunt, L. (ed.), The New Cultural History (Berkeley, 1989), Intro.
Hutton, P. H., ‘The History of Mentalities: The New Map of Cultural History’, History &
Theory, 20 (1981), 237-259, & reprinted in S. Clark (ed.), The Annales School: Critical
Assessments (4 vols, London, 1999), II, 381-403
Jones, C., ‘A Fine “Romance” with No Sisters?’, French Historical Studies, 19 (1995), 277-
87 (also response by L. Hunt, ‘Reading the French Revolution: A Reply’, French Historical
Studies, 19 (1995), pp. 289-98.
LaCapra, D., ‘Is Everyone a Mentalité Case? Transference and the “Culture” Concept’,
History & Theory 23 (1984), 296-311, & reprinted in LaCapra, History and Criticism
(Ithaca, 1980), pp. 71-94.
LaCapra, D. & Kaplan, S. L. (eds), Modern European Intellectual History: Reappraisals and
New Perspectives (Ithaca, 1982).
Licht, W., ‘Cultural History/Social History: A Review Essay’, Historical Methods 25
(1992): 37-41.
Mandler, P. ‘The Problem with Cultural History’, Cultural and Social History 1 (2004),
94-117 [& see the replies in Cultural and Social History 1 (2004) by C. Hesse, ‘The New
Empiricism’, 201-07; C. Jones, ‘Peter Mandler’s “The Problem with Cultural History, or:
Is Playtime Over?”, 209-15; & C. Watts, ‘Thinking About the X Factor, or: What’s the
Cultural History of Cultural History?’, 217-24; and the rejoinder in P. Mandler ‘Problems
in Cultural History: A Reply’, Cultural and Social History (2004), 326-32
Mah, H., ‘Suppressing the Text: The Metaphysics of Ethnographic History in Darnton's
Great Cat Massacre", History Workshop 31 (1991): 1–20.
Stewart, P. (Winter 1985–1986). ‘The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French
Cultural History by Robert Darnton’, Eighteenth-Century Studies 19, 2, 1985-86: 260–
264.
Shalins, M., ‘Individual Experience and Cultural Order’, in Cultural Practice: Selected
Essays (New York 2000): 277-291,
Biersack, A., Local Knowledge, Local History: Geertz and Beyond, in L. Hunt (ed.), The
New Cultural History (Berkeley, 1989), pp. 72-96.
Burke, P., History and Social Theory (Cambridge, 1992), esp. chs.1 & 4
Ibid, What is Cultural History, 2nd ed. (London, 2008).
Cohn, B. S., 'History and Anthropology: The State of Play', Comparative Studies in Society
and History, 22 (1980), 198-221
Geertz, C., ‘Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory of Culture’, ‘Deep Play:
Notes on the Balinese Cockfight’, in Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected
Essays (New York, 1973), pp. 3-30, 412-53. Geertz, C., ‘Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese
Cookfight’, in ibid.,The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), pp.
412-453. (online: http://uwch-
4.humanities.washington.edu/~WG/~DCIII/120F%20Course%20Reader/CR5_Geertz_
Deep%20Play.pdf
Geertz, H., & Thomas, K. V. ‘An Anthropology of Religion and Magic, I & II’, Journal of
Interdisciplinary History, 6 (1975), 71-109
Lorenz, C., ‘Some Afterthoughts on Culture and Explanation in Historical Inquiry’,
History and Theory, 39 (2000):?
Nussdorfer, L., ‘The New Cultural History’, History & Theory, 32 (1993): 74-83.
Pittock, J. H., & Wear, A. (eds), Interpretation and Cultural History (Basingstoke, 1991).
45
Ortner, Sherry B., The Fate of Culture: Geertz and Behond (Berkely, 1999).
Poster, M., Cultural History and Postmodernity: Disciplinary Readings and Challenges
(New York, 1997).
Rabinow, ‘Representations are Social Facts: Modernity and Postmodernity in
Anthropology’, in J. Clifford and G. Marcus (eds.), Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics
of Writing Culture (Berkeley, 1986), pp. 234-261.
Thompson, E. P., ‘Folklore, Anthropology and Social History’, Indian Historical Review, 3
(1977), 247-66 & reprinted as a Studies in Labour History Pamphlet (1979), copy
available in library.
Turner, C., Bruner, E.M., The Anthropology of Experience (Urbana, 1986).
Walters, R. G., ‘Signs of the Times: Clifford Geertz and Historians’, Social Research, 47
(1980), 537-556.
Walton, Charles, Introduction, ibid. (ed.), Into Print. Limits and Legacies of the
Enlightenment (University Park, 2011), pp. vii-xviii. (very good overview).
Seminar 13: Michel Foucault: Language, Power and History
‘Do not ask who I am…..’
‘The power to punish is not essentially different from that of curing or educating’
Foucault, M., ‘So, is it important to think?’, Rabinow, O., Nikolas Rose (eds.), The Essential
Foucault: Selections from Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984 (New York, 1994), pp.
Ibid., ‘Introduction’, in ibid., The Archaeology of Knowledge (London, 1972), pp. 3-17.
(digitised abstract) or (online:
http://monoskop.org/images/9/90/Foucault_Michel_Archaeology_of_Knowledge.pdf)
Ibid., ‘The Body of the Condemned’, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
(London, 1977), pp. 3-31. (digitised abstract) or (online:
https://archive.org/details/MichelFoucaultDisciplineAndPunish.)
Ibid., ‘Introduction’ and ‘The Right of Death and Power over Life’, ibid., The History of
Sexuality, Vol. 1.: An Introduction (London, 1978), pp. 1-14; pp.135-159. (digitised
abstract) or (online: http://suplaney.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/foucault-the-
history-of-sexuality-volume-1.pdf)

Gutting, G., ‘’Power/Knowledge’, in ibid., (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Foucault
(Cambridge, 1994), (electronic resource library)
Poster, Mark, ’Foucault and History’, Social Research 49,1 (1982): 116-142 (online)
46
(It might be beneficial for you to buy the very cheap, but utterly brilliant Gutting, G.,
Foucault: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2005). Best intro on the market and easy to
read! Hard to believe but true!
 How useful to historians is the Foucauldian insight that ‘knowledge is power’?
 Why was ‘the body’ such an important theme in Foucault’s work?
 Do you think that Foucault’s work is still a ‘threat’ to academic history (as it was
seen by many historians still in the 1990s)?
Works discussing and developing aspects of Foucault’s work:

Davidson, Arnold, ‘The Emergence of Sexuality’, in ibid., The Emergence of Sexuality:
Historical Epistemology and the Formation of Concepts (Cambridge, 2001), pp. 30-65.
Arac, J. (ed.), After Foucault: Humanistic Knowledge, Post-Modern Challenge (New
Brunswick, NJ, 1991).
Bernauer, J. & Rasmussen, D. (eds), The Final Foucault (Cambridge MA, 1988).
O’Brien, P., ‘Crime and Punishment as Historical Problems’, Journal of Social History,
11:4 (1978), 508-520.
Burchell, G., & Gordon, C. (eds), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (London,
1991).
Burke, P. (ed.), Critical Essays on Michel Foucault (Aldershot, 1992).
Chartier, R., ‘The Chimera of the Origin: Archeaology, Cultural History, and the French
Revolution’, in ed. by Goldstein, J., Foucault and the Writing of History (Oxford, 1994),
pp. 167-186.
Cooper, D., ‘Productive, Relational and Everywhere? Conceptualising Power and
Resistance within Foucauldian Feminism’, Sociology 28 (1994), 435-454
Diamond, I., & Quinby, L. (eds), Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on Resistance
(Boston, 1988).
Fine, R., ‘Struggles against Discipline: The Theory and Politics of Michel Foucault’,
Capital and Class, 9 (1979): 75-96.
Goldstein, J., ‘Foucault Amongst the Sociologists: The Disciplines and the History of the
Professions’, History & Theory, 23 (1994), 170-92.
Goldstein, J. (ed.), Foucault and the Writing of History (Oxford, 1994).
Grosz, E. ‘Bodies and Knowledges. Feminism and the Crisis of Reason’, in A. Alcoff and E.
Potter (eds) Feminist Epistemologies (London, 1993)
Gutting, G. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Foucault (Cambridge, 1994) (one of the
best writers on Foucault, lucid and, most importantly, it is not a misinterpretation of his
ideas!)
Heyes, Cressida J. (ed.), Foucault Studies Special Issue: Foucault and Feminism,
September 2013 (http://rauli.cbs.dk/index.php/foucault-
studies/issue/view/503/showToc).
Hacking, Ian, ‘The Archeology of Michel Foucault’, in ibid., Historical Ontology
(Cambridge, MA, 2002), pp. 73-86. (one of the best interpreters of Foucault).
Hartsock, N., ‘Foucault on Power: A Theory for Women?’, in Feminism/Postmodernism
Linda J. Nicholson ed., (New York: 1990), pp. 157-175.
Hekman, S. J. (ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault (Philadelphia, 1996)
Hesse, Carla, ‘Kant, Foucault, and Three Women’, in J. Goldstein (ed.), Foucault and the
Writing of History (Oxford, 1994), pp. 81-98.
47
Jones, C., & Porter, R. (eds), Reassessing Foucault: Power, Medicine and the Body (London,
1994).
Koopman, Colin, Genealogy as Critique: Foucault and the Problems of Modernity
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013) (order).
McClaren, M., ‘Foucault and the Subject of Feminism’, Social Theory and Practice, 23:11
(1997): 109-128.
McNay, L., Foucault. A Critical Introduction (Cambridge, 1994).
Nick, C., ‘Body-Subject/Body-Power: Agency, Inscription and Control in Foucault and
Merleau-Ponty’, Body and Society, 2: 2. (1996): 99-116.
Megill, A., ‘The Reception of Foucault by Historians’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 48
(1987): 117-41.
Merquior, J.G., Foucault (London, 1991).
Mitchell, D., Critical and Effective Histories. Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology
(London, 1994).
Munslow, A., The Routledge Companion to Historical Studies (London, 2000), pp. 107-
111.
Noiriel, G., ‘Foucault and History: The Lessons of a Disillusion’, Journal of Modern
History, 66 (1994): 547-68.
O’Brien, P., ‘Michel Foucault's History of Culture', in L. Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural
History (Berkeley, 1989), pp. 25-46.
Poster, M., Foucault, Marxism and History: Modes of Production, Modes of Information
(Cambridge, 1984).
Ramazanoğlu, C., Up Against Foucault. Explorations of Some Tensions between Foucault
and Feminism (London, 1993).
Roth, M. S., ‘Foucault’s “History of the Present”’, History and Theory, 20:1 (1981), 32-46.
Rousseau, G. S., ‘Whose Enlightenment? Not Man’s. The Case of Michel Foucault’,
Eighteenth-Century Studies, 6:2 (1972): 238-56.
Skinner, Q. (ed.), The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences (Cambridge, 1990)
Strozier, R. M., Foucault, Subjectivity, and Identity. Historical Constructions of Subject and
Self (Detroit, 2002).
Veyne, Paul, Foucault: His Thought, His Character (Cambridge, 2008).
Weeks, J., ‘Foucault for Historians’, History Workshop Journal 14 (1982), 106-119.
White, Hayden, ‘Foucault Decoded: Notes from Underground’, History and Theory 12
(1973).
Seminar 14: Edward Said: The West and ‘Orientalism’
In his famous work Orientalism, the literary scholar Edward Said proposed that the
nineteenth-century literary Western conceptions of ‘the Orient’ did no only reflect
views of the past but had real and long-lasting social and political effects. Much of the
information and knowledge about Islam and the Orient that was used by the colonial
powers to justify their colonialism derived from Orientalist scholarship’. Indeed, he
argued, that American foreigns policies of the 1980s were still heavily shaped by the
‘orientalist’ perspectives of the 19th century. But Said’s work also became famous
because he was one of the firsts to use Foucault’s notion of power/knowledge in
combination with Gramsci’s Marxist concept of hegemony to explain how ‘orientalism’
works.
48
Said, E., Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient (London, 1978), pp. 1-28
(‘Introduction’), pp. 31-49 (‘Knowing the Oriental’), pp. 73-92 (‘Projects’), pp. 92-110
(‘Crisis’), pp. 284-328 (‘The Latest Phase’). (online:
http://is.cuni.cz/studium/predmety/index.php?do=download&did=37402&kod=JMB1
13
Seminar Readings:
Claus, P., and J. Marriott, History: An Introduction to Theory, Method and Practice
(Harlow, 2012), 98-102. (digitised extract)
Iggers, G. G., A Global History of Modern Historiography (London, 2008), pp. 281-284, pp.
Karsh, E., & Millar, R., ‘Did Edward Said Really Speak Truth to Power?’, Middle East
Quarterly, (2008): 13-21. (online)
 Said was a professor of comparative literature. Why does he belong in an

Historiography lecture?
 ‘The study of Orientalism is only relevant for those who study the Orient’.
Discuss.
 ‘There is no such place as the Orient’. Discuss.
 According to Said, what is a representation? Why do representations matter
for the study of history?
On ‘Orientalism’:
Ahmad, A., In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures (London, 1992)
Ashcroft, B., & Ahluwalia, P., Edward Said: The Paradox of Identity (London, 1999)
Bhaba, H., The Location of Culture (London, 1994)
Bove, P. A. (ed.), Edward Said and the Work of the Critic: Speaking Truth to Power
(Durham NC, 2000)
Hart, W. D., Edward Said and the Religious Effects of Culture (Cambridge, 2000)
Heehs, P., ‘Shades of Orientalism: Paradoxes and Problems in Indian Historiography’,
History & Theory 42 (2003), 169-95
Inden, R., Imagining India (Oxford, 1990)
Irwin, Robert, Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and its Discontents (New York, 2006)
Kennedy, V., Edward Said: A Critical Introduction (Oxford, 2000)
Macfie, A. L., Orientalism (London, 2002)
MacKenzie, J., Orientalism: History, Theory and the Arts (Manchester, 1995), esp. ch.1
Majeed, J., Ungoverned Imaginings: James Mill’s The History of British India and
Orientalism (Oxford, 1992)
Moore-Gilbert, B., Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics (London, 1997)
Said, E., ‘Orientalism Reconsidered’, in F. Barker et al (eds), Literature, Politics and
Theory: Papers from the Essex Conference, 1976-84 (London, 1986), 210-29
Said, E., Out of Place: A Memoir (London, 2000)
Sardar, Z., Orientalism (Buckingham, 1999)
49
Sarkar, S., ‘Orientalism Revisited: Saidian Frameworks in the Writing of Modern Indian
History’, Oxford Literary Review 16 (1994), 205-24. A critical view of Said’s impact on
history-writing.
Spanos, W.V., The Legacy of Edward Said (Urbana-Champaign IL, 2009)
Sprinker, M. (ed.), Edward Said: A Critical Reader (Oxford, 1992)
Thomas, N., Colonialism's Culture: Anthropology, Travel and Government (Cambridge,
1994), esp. Intro & chs.1-2
Turner, B. S., Orientalism: Postmodernism and Globalism (London, 1994)
Williams, P. (ed.), Edward Said, 4 Vols. (London, 2001), esp. Vol. 2
On Hegemony and Alterity (the ‘Other’, ‘Otherness’)

Buci-Glucksman, C., ‘Hegemony and Consent’, in Sassoon, A. S. (ed.) Approaches to
Gramsci (London, 1982), 116-126
Buruma, I. & Margalit, A., Occidentalism. A Short History of Anti-Westernism (London,
2004), esp. 1-12 (‘War against the West’) & 101-136 (‘The Wrath of God’)
Chartier, R., ‘Michel de Certeau: History, or, Knowledge of the Other’, in idem. On the
Edge of the Cliff. History, Language and Practices, (Baltimore MD, 1997)
Hobsbawm, E. J., ‘Gramsci and Marxist Political Theory’, in A. S. Sassoon (ed.),
Approaches to Gramsci (London, 1982), 20-36
Hochberg, G. Z., ‘Edward Said: “The Last Jewish Intellectual”. On Identity, Alterity, and
the Politics of Memory’, Social Text, 87 (2006), 47-66
Jones, S. ‘Hegemony’, and ‘Hegemony in Practice’, in Antonio Gramsci ((London, 2006).
Lears, T. J., ‘The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities’, The
American Historical Review, 90:3 (1985), 567-593
Martin, C. G., ‘Orientalism and the Ethnographer. Said, Herodotus, and the Discourse of
Alterity’, in J. Herron et al (eds), The Ends of Theory (Detroit MI), 86-103
The Reception of Edward Said: From Early Reviews of Orientalism to the Present
Asad, T., ‘Review [of Said, Orientalism]’, English Historical Review 95 (1980), 648-49
Clifford, J., ‘Review [of Said, Orientalism]’, History & Theory 19 (1980), 204-23
Gellner, E., ‘Review [of Said, Orientalism]’, Times Literary Supplement (19 Feb 1993)
Lewis, B., ‘The Question of Orientalism [Review of Said, Orientalism]’, New York Review
of Books 29:11 (24 June 1982) [& cf. E. Said, C. Grober & B. Lewis, ‘Orientalism: An
Exchange’, New York Review of Books 29:13 (12 Aug 1982)
Mani, L., & Frankenberg, R., ‘The Challenge of Orientalism’, Economy and Society 14
(1985), 174-92
Parry, B., ‘Problems in Current Theories of Colonial Discourse’, Oxford Literary Review, 9
(1987), 27-58
Varisco, D. M., Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid (Washington DC), 2007.
Seminar 15: From Women’s History to Gender History/ From Social History to
Cultural History
It is only in the 1960s that historians began to be seriously interested in the study of the
role that women have played in history. Women’s history quickly developed into an
50
exciting historical field, which went through many methodological transformations

since then. The most important one is the emergence of gender history.
Seminar Readings:
Walkowitz, J. , Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State
(Cambridge, 1980) and Walkowitz, J. City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual
Danger in Late Victorian England (London, 1992), esp. Intro. & chs. 1-3.
Scott, J., ‘Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis’ The American Historical
Review, 91:5 (1986): 1053-1075 [Essential reading].
Background Seminar Reading: (choose one)

Downs, L. L., ‘From Women’s History to Gender History’, in S. Berger, H. Feldner and K.
Passmore (eds), Writing History: Theory and Practice (London, 2003), pp. 261-82.
Editorial Collective, ‘Why Gender and History?’, Gender and History, 1:1 (1989), 1-12
G. Bock, ‘Women’s History and the History of Gender: Aspects of an International
Debate’, Gender and History, 1 (1989).
Downs, L.L., ‘If “Woman” is Just an Empty Category Then Why Am I Afraid to Walk Alone
At Night? Identity Politics Meets the Postmodern Subject’, Comparative Studies in Society
and History
35:2 (April, 1993), 414-437. [see also the response and counter-response: J. Scott, ‘The
Tip of the Volcano’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35 (1993), 438-443; & L.
L. Downs, ‘Reply to Joan Scott’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35 (1993),
444-51]
Wiesner-Hanks, M. E., ‘Gender’, in G. Walker (ed.), Writing Early Modern History
(London, 2005), pp. 95-113.
Seminar Questions:
 What was the impact of post-1960s feminism on the practice of social history?
 Account for differences in approach to the history of women in Prostitution and
Victorian Society and City of Dreadful Delight.
 What was ‘the linguistic turn’? Did Walkowitz take this turn?
 How and why did the shift to ‘gender’ studies occur? What are the implications
for the historian’s work of the view that gender identities are inherently
unstable?
‘Classic’ women’s history:

Rowbotham, S. Women Resistance and Revolution (Allen Lane, 1972)
Rowbotham, S. Hidden from History (Pluto, 1973)
Vicinus, M., Independent Women: Work and Community for Single Women, 1850-1920
(London, 1985)
Ross, E., Love and Toil: Motherhood in Outcast London, 1870-1918 (New York, 1993)
Caine, B., Destined to Be Wives: The Sisters of Beatrice Webb (Oxford, 1986)
Feminist interventions into social history:

Rose, S.O., ‘Gender at Work. Sex, Class, and Industrial Capitalism’, History Workshop 21:1
(1986), 113-132
Todd, S. Young Women, Work and Family in England 1918-1950 (2005)
51
Clark, A. The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working
Class (1995) [Introduction]
Taylor, B., Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century
(Virago, 1983)
Dworkin, D.L., ‘Remaking the British Working Class: Sonya Rose and Feminist History’,
in P. Levine & S.R. Grayzel (eds.), Gender, Labour, War and Empire : Essays on Modern
Britain (2009)
Alexander, Sally, Becoming a Woman: And Other Essays in 19th and 20th Century
Feminist History (1994)
L. Davidoff & C. Hall, Family Fortunes. Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-
1850 (1987)
Feminist ‘Cultural’ Histories:

A. McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest
(1995).
M. Poovey, Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian
England (Virago, 1989).
Delap, L. Knowing Their Place: Domestic Service in Twentieth-Century Britain
(Cambridge, 2011)
Scott, J., Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia, 1988)
Seminar 16: Subaltern Studies and the Challenge of Postcolonialism
In the early 1980s, 'Subaltern Studies' began publishing and soon gained a world-wide
reputation as part of a series of postcolonial critiques across the disciplines. Where
previously the history of modern India was written as the history of 'elites', the work of
the subaltern studies collective sought to capture the experience of 'subaltern groups'.
'Subaltern Studies', as a collective enterprise, represents one of the most significant
achievement of South Asian 'cultural studies.' It effectively contested what were, until
recently, the dominant interpretations of Indian history in particular and colonial
history in general. More generally, subaltern studies provided a framework—in dialog
both with postcolonial and Marxian thought—within which to apprehend and contest
dominant modes of knowledge. However, even during its heyday, subaltern history has
not always had an easy relationship with feminism; the feminist critique brought
questions of voice, agency, and resistance to the fore.
Vinayak Chaturvedi, ‘Introduction’ in Mapping subaltern studies and the postcolonial
(London, 2000).
Seminar Readings: (choose TWO of articles below)

Ranajit Guha, ‘On some aspects of the historiography of colonial India’.
(http://pages.ucsd.edu/~rfrank/class_web/ES-200C/Articles/Guha.pdf)
52
Ranajit Guha, ‘The prose of counter-insurgency’

(http://www.unc.edu/~aparicio/WAN/GuhaTheProse.pdf)
Amitav Ghosh, "The Slave of Ms. H.6", in Subaltern Studies VII (Oxford, 1993), pp. 159-
220.
Dipesh Chakrabarty, "Conditions for Knowledge of Working-Class Conditions:
Employers, Government and the Jute Workers of Calcutta, 1890-1940", in Selected
Subaltern Studies.
Sumit Sarkar, "The Kalki-Avatar of Bikrampur: A Village Scandal in Early Twentieth
Century Bengal", in Subaltern Studies VI (Delhi, 1989), pp. 1-53.
Upendra Baxi, "'The State's Emissary': The Place of Law in Subaltern Studies", in
Subaltern Studies VII, pp. 247-264.
Gyanendra Pandey, "The Colonial Construction of 'Communalism': British Writings on
Banaras in the Nineteenth Century", in Subaltern Studies VI, pp. 132-68.
David Hardiman, 'Adivasi Assertion in South Gujarat: The Devi Movement of 1922-23',
in R.Guha (ed.),Subaltern Studies III (1984).
Ranajit Guha, "Discipline and Mobilize", in Subaltern Studies VII, pp. 69-120.
Dipesh Chakrabarty, "Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for 'Indian'
Pasts?" Representations, 37 (1992): 1-26.
Seminar/essay questions:
 ‘The study of colonialism erases the boundaries between anthropology and
history.’ Discuss.
 ‘Subaltern studies main contribution was to question how historians read.’
Discuss.
 Why was the work of the subaltern studies collective taken up by historians
working on areas other than India?
 The past dwells primarily in the present. Discuss.
On Anthropology and Postcolonialism:

Talal Asad, ‘Introduction,’ in Talal Asad, ed. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter
(Ithaca, 1973), pp. 9-24.
Talal Asad, ‘Afterword. From the History of Colonial Anthropology to the Anthropology
of Western Hegemony.’ In George Stocking (ed), Colonial Situations: Essays on the
Contextualization of Ethnographic Knowledge (Madison, 1991), pp. 314.
Peter Pels, ‘The anthropology of colonialism: Culture, history and the emergence of
Western governmentality’. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26 (1997), pp. 163-83.
Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History (Boston,
1995).
Bernard S Cohn, An anthropologist among the historians and other essays. (Delhi, 1988).
See particularly Chapter 2 (History and anthropology: The state of play), Chapter 10
(The census, social structure and objectification in South Asia) and Chapter 23
(Representing Authority in Colonial India).
The Problem of Feminism for Subaltern Studies:

Partha Chatterjee, "The Nationalist Resolution of the Women's Question", in Kumkum
Sangari and Sudesh Vaid, eds., Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial History (New
Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1990), pp. 233-253.
53
Stree Shakti Sangathana. We Were Making History: Women and the Telengana Uprising.
(London: Zed Press, 1990), see esp. pp. 1-73, 137-79, 258-84.
Vasantha Kannabiran and K. Lalitha, "That Magic Time: Women in the Telangana
People's Struggle", in Recasting Women, pp. 180-203. R
Julie Stephens, "Feminist Fictions: A Critique of the Category 'Non-Western Woman' in
Feminist Writings on India", in Subaltern Studies VI, pp. 92-125.
Susie Tharu, "Response to Julie Stephens", in Subaltern Studies VI, pp. 126-31.
Gayatri C. Spivak, "Can the Subaltern Speak?", in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg,
eds., Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (Urbana & Chicago: Univ. of Illinois Press,
1988), pp. 271-313
Monographs: (Many of the articles in the core reading became monographs. Read
them alongside one another. What can a book do that an article cannot?)
Shahid Amin, Event, Metaphor, Memory: The Story of Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992
(Princeton, 1995).
David Hardiman, The Coming of the Devi: Adivasi assertion in Western India (Delhi,
1987).
Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought & the Colonial World (1986).
Ranajit Guha, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency (Oxford, 1999).
Gyanendra Pandey, The construction of communalism in colonial north India (Delhi,
1990).
Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincialising Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical
difference (Princeton, 2007).
General Introductions to Postcolonialism

Ashcroft, Bill; Gareth Griffiths; & Helen Tiffin, Postcolonial Studies: Key Concepts
(London, 2013). See especially the entry on ‘disourse’ . 70-73) (Library Online
Resources).
Rochona Majumdar, Writing Postcolonial History (London, 2010)
54
Seminar 17: Ways of Seeing: The Visual and Material World of History Writing
Two of the latest developments in history writing are the increasing focus on the visual
and material worlds in the past. While objects and images have always played a role as a
form of evidence in history writing, it is only since the 1980s that historians have
seriously engaged with with objects/images on a theoretical level. Important for a
rethinking of the material and visual world was the influence of postmodern thinking.
The lecture/seminar introduces us to these new sexy topics and will also couch their
emergence within the wider cultural concerns of the 1980s/1990s.
Benjamin, W., ‘Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’, pp. 219-226, in Hanna
Arendt (ed.) Illuminations, trans. Harry Zohn, New York, 1968). (there exist many
different editions of his famous text online see, for example,
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm

(You have the choice here between the visual culture reading or the material
culture reading)
Mirzoff, Nicholas, ‘Introduction’, ibid., Introduction to Visual Culture (digitised extract)
Prown, J.D., Mind in Matter. An Introduction into Material Culture, Winterthur Portfortfolio 17, 1
(1982), pp. 1-19. Online:
(http://gbdh.sadiron.com/HUS351/Prown%20Intro%20to%20material.pdf), an older article
but still useful as a first introduction into the topic of material culture.
And choose ONE article from the list below:

Giorgio Riello, ‘Thinks that Shape History: Things and Historical Narratives’, in, K.
Harvey (ed.), History and Material Culture: A Student's Guide to Approaching Alternative
Sources (London, 2009), pp. 24-46. (digital extract)
Sturken, M., Cartwright, L., ‘Practices of Looking: Images, Power, and Politics’, in
Sturken, M., Cartwright, L. (ed.), Practices of Looking: an Introduction to Visual Culture
(Oxford, 2001, oder Oxford 2013 2nd ed.), pp. 10-43. (digital extract)
Ibid., ‘Spectatorship, Power, and Knowledge’, in Sturken, M., Cartwright, L. (ed.),
Practices of Looking, pp. 72-106. (digital extract)
Ibid., ‘The Mass Media and the Public Sphere’, in Sturken, M., Cartwright, L. (ed.),
Practices of Looking, pp. 151- 188. (digital extract)
Ibid., ‘Consumer Culture and the Manufacturing of Desire’, in Sturken, M., Cartwright, L.
(ed.), pp. 189-236. (digital extract)
Ibid., ‘Scientific Looking, Looking at Science’, in Sturken, M., Cartwright, L. (ed.),
Practices of Looking, pp. 270-308. (digital extract)
 How does visual culture studies differ from traditional art history?
 What can objects contribute to history writing? How can one make them ‘speak’?
55
 ‘Historians tend to use images as mere illustrations of their arguments’.
Classics on Visual and Material Culture:

Baudrillard, J., Simulacra and Simulation, transl. Sheila Glaser (1981) (Ann Arbor: 1995)
Baxendall, Michael, Painting and Experience in Fifteenth-Century Italy: A Primer in the
Social History of Pictorial Style (Oxford, 1972).
Debord, Guy, The Society of Spectacle (1967)(Detroit, 1970).
Panofsky, E., Meaning in the Visual Arts (New York: 1957).
Sontag, S., On Photography (Harmondsworth, 1978).
Berger, J., Way of Seeing (London, 1972).
McLuhan, M., The Media is the Message (London, 1967).
More Readings in the Area of Visual and Material Culture:

Virilio, P., The Vision Machine (London: 1994).
Appadurai, Arjun (eds.), The Social Life of Things. Commodities in Cultural Perspective
(Cambridge, 1986). (a book that had a major influence on scholarship)>
Barringer, Tim, Flynn, Tom (eds), Colonialism and the Object: Empire, Material Culture,
and the Museum (1998).
Britzolakis, C., ‘Phantasmogoria: Walter Benjamin and the poetics of urban modernism’,
in Buse, P. and Scott, A. (eds), Ghosts: Deconscrution, Phsychoanalysis, History
(Basingstoke, 1999).
Buchli, Victor ed., The Material Culture Reader (Oxford, 2002).
Buck-Morss, S., The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcade Project
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
Bryson, Norman, Vision and Painting (New Haven, 1983).
Burke, P., Eyewitnessing: The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence (2001).
Buse, P. et al., Benjamin’s Arcades: An Unguided Tour (Manchester, 2005), chapters on
modernity/modernism, Empathy, Advertising.
Crary, J., Techniques of the Observer: Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century
(1992).
Cartwright, L., ‘Screening the Body: A Cultural Anatomy of the Visible Human Project’, in
Treichler, P., Cartwright, L., Peneley, C. (eds), The Visible Women: Imaginging
Technologies, Gender, and Science (New York, 1998).
Clark, S., Vanities of the Eyes: Vision in Early Modern European Culture (Oxford, 2007).
Dikovitskaya, M., Visual Culture: The Study of Visual Culture after the Cultural Turn
(Cambridge, MA, 2006) (good intro, interesting interviews with leading visual
culturalists)
Eiland, H. and Jennings, M., Walter Benjamin: a Biography (Cambridge, MA., 2014)
Edwards, E., Anthropology and Photography, 1860-1920 (London, 1992).
Ibid., ‘Material Beings: Objecthood and Ethnographic Photographs’, Visual Studies 17
(2002): 67-75 (online).
Eagleton, T. (1981), Walter Benjamin, or Towards a Revolutionary Criticism (London,
1981).
Evans, H., and Hall, S., Visual Culture: The Reader (London, 1999).
Rose, G., Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials
(2001)
Peter eli Bordon, “The artwork beyond Itself: adorno, Beethoven, and late Style,” in The
Modernist Imagination: Intellectual History and Critical Theory: Essays in Honor of
56
Martin Jay, ed. Warren Breckman, Peter e. gordon, a. dirk moses, Samuel moyn, and
elliot Neaman(New York: Berghahn Books, 2009).
Greenberg, Udi, ‘The Politics of the Walter Benjamin Industry’, Theory, Culture & Society
25 (2008): 50-73.
Hall, S., (ed), Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices (London,
1997).Ibid, ‘Encoding, Decoding’, in The Cultural Studies Reader, ed. by Simon During
(London: 1993).Ibid., ‘Introduction: Looking and Subjectivity’, in Evans, H., and Hall, S.
(ed), Visual Culture: The Reader (London, 1999), pp. 309-314.Jay, Martin, Downcast Eyes:
The Denigration of Vision in Twentieth-Century French Thought (Berkeley, 1993). Ibid.,
and Brennan, T. (eds) Vision in Context: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on
Sight (London: Routledge, 1996).
Jenks, C., ‘The Centrality of the Eye in Western Culture’, in Visual Culture (London,
1995), pp. 1-12.
Henare, A., Museums, Anthropology and Colonial Exchange (Cambridge, 2005).
Howells, R., Visual Culture (Cambridge, 2003).
Kingery, David W., Learning from Things: Methodology and Theory of Material Culture
Studies (London, 1996).
Laqueur, W., ‘The Walter Benjamin Brigade: How an Original but Maddeningly Opaque
German Jewish Intellectual became a Thriving Academic Industry’, Mosaic April 2014
(online: http://mosaicmagazine.com/tesserae/2014/04/the-walter-benjamin-
brigade/)
Mitchell, W.J.T., Iconology: Image, Text, Ideology (Chicago, 1986).
Ibid., Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation (Chicago, 1994).
Ibid., ‘What do Images really want?’ October 77 (1996): 71-82.
Pinney, C., ‘Photos of the Gods’: The Printed Image and Political Struggle in India
(London, 2004).
Poole, D. Vision, Race and Modernity: A Visual Economy of the Andean Image World
(Princeton, 1997).
Pratt, M.L., Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (London, 1992).
Ramamurthy, A., ‘Constructions of Illusion: Photography and Commodity Culture’, in L.
Wells (ed.) Photography: A Critical Introduction (London, 1997), pp. 151-98.
Ryan, J., Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualisation of the British Empire
(London, 1997).
Vanessa Schwartz, “Walter Benjamin for historians,” American Historical Review106,
no. 5 (2001), 1721-1743.
Smith, M., Visual Culture Studies (Los Angeles, 2008) (very good interviews with visual
culture scholars), online http://www.journalofvisualculture.org/wp-
content/uploads/2010/05/Visual-Culture-Studies-Interviews.pdf
gary Smith, “Walter Benjamin: a Bibliography of Secondary literature,” New German
Critique,“Special Walter Benjamin Issue” (Spring 1977), 75-82.
Stanford, B.M., Body Criticism: Imaging the Unseen in Enlightenment Art and Science
(London: 1991).
Ibid., Good Looking: Essays on the Virtue of Images (London, 1996).
Weigel, Sigrid, Body-and Image-Space: Rereading Walter Benjamin, trans. G. Paul
(London 1996).
57
Seminar 18: New Directions: ‘Deep History’, History of Emotions, and Actor-
Network-Theory
We're on a ride to nowhere

Come on inside
Takin' that ride to nowhere
We'll take that ride
(Talking Heads)
Choose ONE of the Texts/Documents/Arguments/Sources readings and then the

corresponding Background Seminar Reading article (Of course, we’d be more
than delighted if you read all!)
a. Reddy, William, ‘The Logic of Action: Intermediacy, Emotion and Historical Narrative’,
History and Theory 40 (2001): 10-33 (online).
b. Shyrock, A., and Smail, D.L., Deep History: The Architecture of Past and Present
(Berkeley, 2011), Part II, Chapter 3. Body, pp. 55-77. (digitised extract)
c. Latour, Bruno, ‘Third Source of Uncertainty: Objects too Have Agency’, in ibid.
‘Reassembling the Social: An Introdution into Actor-Network Theory (Oxford, 2005), pp.
63-86 (online: http://dss-edit.com/plu/Latour_Reassembling.pdf).

a. Barbara H. Rosenwein, ‘Problems and Methods in the History of Emotions’, in Passions
in Context: Journal of the History and Philosophy of the Emotions 1 (2010) (online:
www.passionsincontext.de).
b. Cooter, Roger, ‘Neural Veils and the Will to Historical Critique: Why Historians of
Science Need to Take the Neuro-Turn Seriously’, Isis 105 (2014): 145-154 (online).
(there are more articles on the values/pitfalls of neurohistory in this volume of Isis,
including another one by Smail).
c. Law, J., ‘Notes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy and
Heterogeneity’, Systems Practice 5 (1992): 379-393 (online:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01059830#page-1) older article but
good intro into ANT).
 ‘The old idea of the social is dead. We live in social assemblages.’ Discuss.
 Do you think the concept of ‘deep history’ is convincing?
 ‘Nonhumans are as important as humans in social relations’. Discuss.
Further Readings:
Allen, James Smith, ‘Navigating the Social Sciences: A Theory for the Meta-History of
Emotions’, review essay of William Reddy, Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the
History of Emotions, in History and Theory 42 (2003): 82-93.
Amato, Joe, ‘Review’, Deep History: The Architecture of Past and Present, Journal of Social
History (2014) 47 (4): 1101-1103.
58
ATN: Important website http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/centres/css/ant/ant.htm

(maintained only until 2000 by John Law but still very useful).
Cabrera, Miguel, Postsocial History: An Introduction (Lanham, 2005). (very good
overview but does not take into account the influence of the natural sciences on history
writing).
Joyce, P., The Social in Question: New Bearings in History and the Social Sciences (London,
2002).
Law, John, Actor Network Theory and Material Semiotics’ online:
(http://difi.uniud.it/tl_files/utenti/crisci/Law%202009.pdf)
Ibid., 'Making a Mess with Method', in William Outhwaite and Stephen P. Turner (eds),
The Sage Handbook of Social Science Methodology, Sage: Beverly Hills and London,
2007), pp. 595-606.
Paxtron, Frederic, ‘Review’, Deep History: The Architecture of Past and Present, The
American Historical Review (2013) 118 (1): 151-152.Bridging the MillenniaRenfrew, C.,
Bridging the Millenia, review of Deep History: The Architecture of Past and Present,
Amercian Scientist (January, 2012)
http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/bridging-the-millennia
Roodenburg, H., ‘A New Historical Anthropology? A Plea to Take a Fresh Look at Practice
Theory’, in: H-Soz-u-Kult, 04.07.2012, (online: http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-
berlin.de/forum/id=1826&type=diskussionen) (too much art but very interesting
essays)
Shaw, David Gary, ‘Happy in Our Chains?’ History and Theory 40 (2001):
Smail, D.L., On Deep History and the Brain (Berkeley, 2008).
Ibid., Smail, D.L. et al., History and the Telescoping of Time: A Disciplinary Forum’,
French Historical Studies 34 (2011), 1-55.
Se also: Since 2009 there is a journal devoted to ANT International Journal of Actor-
Network Theory and Technological Innovation (IJANTTI) online http://www.igi-
global.com/journal/international-journal-actor-network-theory/
Seminar 19: Revision Seminar I (after panel session)

Following the Panel Session. There is no required reading for the panel
discussion/seminar. The seminar will focus on specific themes students wish to revise
and re-discuss.
Seminar 20: Revision Seminar II

Following the Revision lecture. The lecture will pick up themes and questions, asked
during the Panel discussion. No new readings are required for the seminar but it is
strongly suggested that students come prepared with their own questions regarding the
material read during the course of the module.

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1

MODERN STREAM HANDBOOK

Module Director: Dr Claudia Stein

Cover illustration key

Introducing the module

Teaching and Learning

Lectures and Seminars:

Keeping Up with Developments in Historiography:

An important internet source is the Institute of Historical Research’s (IHR) website

You can read seventeenth- and eighteenth-century (English-language) histories in their

Formal assessment is by a three-hour examination.

Formal assessment is by a three-hour examination. You will answer xx questions. xx

Aims, Objectives, and Expected Learning Outcomes

Lecture and Seminar Programme

3 Tue 3. Historiographical encounters in 3. Colonial historiography and

12 11. Microhistory: narratives of 11. Carlo Ginzburg’s: Cheese and

14 13. Michel Foucault: knowledge, History as discontinuity and

17 15. From women’s history to gender 15. From women’s history to

Seminar 1: What is History?

Seminar 2: Enlightenment Traditions of History Writing

Seminar 3: Historiographical Encounters in Early Colonial India

Background Seminar Reading:

Further Reading on Indian Historiography:

Seminar 4: Leopold von Ranke: History Writing as a Science and/or an Art?

Further Reading on Ranke, his Work, and his Legacies:

On Ranke’s Relationship to Literature:

On the Notion/Practice of ‘Objectivity’and History:

Chapters or articles (and three book-length studies) of different aspects of

Iggers, G.C., ‘The Intellectual Foundations of Nineteenth-Century 'Scientific' History: The

Seminar 5: Karl Marx: Historical Materialism

Background Seminar Reading:

Further reading on Eighteenth Brumaire:

Marx: Origins and Influences:

Marxists and Marxisms:

Anderson, P., Arguments within English Marxism (London, 1980)

Rigby, S., Marxism and History: A Critical Introduction (Manchester, 1987)

Background Seminar Reading:

General readings on Weber and Sociology:

More Specialised Studies:

Weber and Historians:

MacKinnon, M. H., ‘Weber’s Exploration of Calvinism: The Undiscovered Provenance of

Seminar 7: The Frankfurt School and Critical Theory

Background Seminar Readings:

Questions for Seminar:

On the Frankfurt School:

Readings by Frankfurt School members or those close to them:

Seminar 8: Les Annales: History Produced in an Interdisciplinary Laboratory

The seminar will consider the development of an influential ‘school’ of historical

Background Seminar Reading:

Questions for Seminar/Essay:

General reading on Les Annalistes:

Readings o Marc Bloch & Lucien Febvre:

Readings on Fernand Braudel:

Background Seminar Reading:

Key Works by E. P. Thompson:

Readings on E.P. Thompson:

Some Post-Thompsonian Approaches to the History of Class:

British Marxism and Communist Historians:

Seminar 10: The ‘Linguistic Turn’: Postmodernity and Historians

Hayden White, “The Question of Narrative in Contemporary Historical Theory,” History

Background Seminar Readings:

Postmodern Theory and Semiology:

Postmodern Theory and History Writing:

Ankersmit, F. ‘Historiography And Postmodernism’, History & Theory, 28 (1989): 139-