1.

AT-1 SNAPPER

The first antitank guided missile to be used in the Warsaw Pact forces was the AT-1 "SNAPPER" which
was launched from a GAZ-69 jeep. Although by the mid-1970s this launcher was rarely encountered with
Soviet troops, it was still used in other countries of the Pact and has been exported to Yugoslavia and the
Middle East.

The AT-1 "SNAPPER" is a wire guided missile with a HEAT warhead. Officially it is known to the Soviets
as the 3M6, with a nickname of "Shmet", meaning bumblebee. The AT-1 has a warhead capable of
penetrating 380mm of armor and a range of 2,000 meters. The AT-1 is easily recognized by its wide wing
span and pointed nose.

The UAZ-69 launch vehicle has a very distinctive appearance since the quadruple launcher with the
missiles is rotated to the vertical position during travel. Both the missiles and launcher are covered with a
canvas top which give the vehicle the appearance of a baby carriage. For firing the canvas ton is towered to
the rear and the launcher is rotated downward to the rear of the vehicle. Since the UAZ-69 is a small
vehicle no reserve rounds are carried. The two-man crew of the launcher is located in the forward
compartment of the vehicle where the on-board fire control equipment is located. Off-vehicle remote
control is also provided for.

The "SNAPPER" is also launched from a modified BRDM amohibious scout car. This launch vehicle
carries a triple launcher which is raised for firing, with the armor plates moving to the side. As in the case
of the UAZ-69 off-vehicle remote control is provided for, although the two-man crew normally operates
from the forward compartment of the vehicle. This BRDM launch vehicle wass still used in a number of
Warsaw Pact armies in the 1970s.

* Based on the unarmored GAZ-69 light truck - with four backward pointing launch rails. The control
station can be deployed up to 30 m away from the launcher vehicle. It entered service in 1960.

While a few were used by Egyptian forces during the 1967 Six-Day War and attrition War from 1969, only
one tank loss was attributed to the system. The system's hit probability is estimated to have been 25% in
combat.

The system was also used by the Cypriot National Guard during the 1974 Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in a
man-portable version. Several dozen shots were fired in action during a number of July and August
engagements in the conflict, with low effectiveness.

North Korea began producing a reverse-engineered version of the missile in 1975.

The missile is guided to the target by means of a joystick, which requires some skill on the part of the
operator. The operator's adjustments are transmitted to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the
missile.

The missile is steered by an unconventional arrangement of vibrating spoilers.

MCLOS requires considerable skill on the part of the operator. The system's effectiveness in combat drove
the development of missiles based on the easier to use SACLOS system.

One problem with the missile is the amount of time it takes to reach maximum range—around 20 seconds
—giving the intended target time to take action, either by retreating behind an obstacle, laying down a
smoke screen or firing on the operator. Also, the large size of the missile means that only a few rounds can
be carried; the BRDM-1 vehicle can only carry three missiles.

2. BTR-50PK + MTU Mine Clearing

3. Makmat 160 – make rule for the Tampella long range mortar out to 8500 km, and 80mm payload.
4. OT-62 has large side exit door so we did not make it 2 × to unload.

5. Aérospatiale (Nord) SS.11/AGM-22: The SS.11 was a French wire-guided anti-armor missile, developed
from the SS.10 (MGM-21) missile. It was used by the U.S. Army as a helicopter-launched anti-tank
weapon.
Development of an advanced version of the Nord-5203 (SS.10) with improved range and effectiveness
began in 1953 as Model 5210. Like its predecessor, it was a wire-guided spin-stabilized missile, but had a
larger rocket motor and warhead. Because this made the Nord-5210 significantly heavier than the 5203, it
was no longer suitable for infantry use, but was intended for launch from vehicles, ships and later
helicopters. In 1956 the missile was first fielded by the French Army under the designation of SS.11 (SS =
sol-sol = surface-to-surface). The SS.11 could use a variety of warheads of the basic French Type 140,
including the 140AC hollow-charge anti-tank (effective against 60 cm (24 in) of armor), the 140AP02
penetrating blast-fragmentation, the 140AP59 anti-personnel blast-fragmentation, and the 140CCN anti-
ship warheads.

Rule from ATS:

2.3. SS11 WG Missiles—A new class of vehicle mounted weapon is introduced in the form of the SS-11
Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) mounted on an Israeli M3A half-track. The SS-11 missile is a wire-
guided missile flown by the gunner to its target. It has a minimum range of 2 and a maximum range of 60
hexes, with a ROF of 3. Each ROF may only be used once per turn and is deducted from the total each time
a missile is fired (i.e., a maximum of three missiles may be fired).

Range: 500-3,000 meters; 6-75 – minimum range has to have + TH DRM, shorter = harder

2.3.1 Breakdown—Optional rules C10.0 and C10.1 are used for ATGM with the following exceptions: If
the ATGM ‘jams’, a ‘hot dud’ results and the vehicle crew immediately checks morale. Failure results in
immediate Suppression and a missile ROF is considered to have been used, but no missile is fired. Before
the unit may fire its ATGM again, a ‘hot dud’ must be cleared as per C10.1, but on a roll of ‘6’, the vehicle
is immediately marked as F-KILLed.
2.3.2 Weapon Destruction—If an ATGM APC is Suppressed by HE/Bomb/Artillery fire a roll is made to
see if missile destruction occurs. Following the Suppression result, a separate die roll is made. On a roll 
9, the missile weaponry is considered destroyed and the vehicle is marked with an F-KILL marker (and
Suppressed).
2.3.3 Firing—ATGM use the ATGM/TOW HPT (Table A4). If used against a moving vehicle, place an
ATGM “Start Hex” marker in the hex the firing player wishes to track from (a hex already entered by the
target), then check LOS to the target’s current hex. If the firing unit was unable to ‘track’ (i.e., maintain an
LOS to the Start Hex and in each hex entered up to and including the current target location in keeping with
the minimum “Tracking LOS” from Table TC) the missile is removed from play with no effect. It is still
considered to have been fired for impulse use and ROF purposes. The firing unit must refer to the ATGM |
TOW Tracking Chart. Use the SS-11 row/column on both tables. If the firing unit was able to track the
target, place an ATGM “Target Hex” marker on the target unit. Prior to making a roll on the ATGM/TOW
HPT, any enemy units otherwise eligible to conduct Opportunity Fire may do so at the ATGM firing unit
ONLY. If the firing unit is NON Suppressed/eliminated after this interim Opportunity Fire, a roll is made on
the ATGM/TOW HPT and the attack resolved normally.
2.3.4 Target Restrictions—Apply the 12.4 ‘b’ Personnel target exception for ATGM fire (i.e., may only
fire at Personnel in building/Bunker/behind Wall). Apply 12.5.24 ‘c’, using an 8 GF (instead of 4 GF)
attack AND apply it as a form of Collateral Fire in any location in which an ATGM obtains an F-KILL/K-
KILL result against an H Weapon and/or vehicle.

6. Egyptian Aircraft: . As in previous days, Egyptian air-

craft attacked in large waves with SU-7 and MIG-17 fighter bombers protected
from above by MIG-21 fighters.14 Also, large numbers of fighters attempted
to interfere throughout the 19-24 October period with the ground support
being flown by the Israeli Air Force.
7. Mi-8 Napalm Barrels: A wave of twenty fighter planes came over
to attack our bridges. Many were shot down by anti-aircraft
fire while others were downed in dogfights. The air combat
took place right over our heads, and we watched it with great
interest. Every time a burning torch spiraled earthward, we
literally held our breath until we received verification that
it was Egyptian. The air activity had its climax when sud-
denly, from our rear, two slow low flying MI-8 helicopters
passed overhead from the direction of Bitter Lake. One of
them dropped a barrel, which fell about 60 meters from my
Zelda and about 20 meters from Dayan, who was wandering about
the area, scrapping at the ground looking for antique shards.
The barrels, witch were meant to act as napalm bombs, failed
to work, but our ears were deafened by the sound of the auto-
matic weapons fire that burst out all around us. All the
machine gunners on the tanks and Zeldas, all the soldiers -
including those of the forward command group - who had mach-
ine guns or rifles were firing like madmen. And the two giant
helicopters were hit, plummeting to the earth and exploding
among Gabi's tanks. It was an unbelieveable spectacle. From
this act of suicide we could only conclude that the Egyptians
were in desperate straits. We were witness to many of the
sixteen planes and seven helicopters downed that day. We
lost six aircraft.12

Mi-8TV - Military Transport Helicopter with increased armament. It is an armored variant of the
Mi-8T Helicopter. In addition it has increased reinforced external hardpoints for slung load up to 4
000 kg and armament. The turning screw was placed from left side what made it more effective. It is
fitted with 7.62mm built-in machine guns and six external weapons racks with S-5 aviation missiles.
The helicopter can also carry AT-2 Swatter 9M 17P "Scorpion" anti-tank missiles. Mi-8TV is also
capable of laying minefields. The helicopter has more powerful TV3-117VMA engines that provide
increased hovering ceiling in 3 950 m compared to the 1 760 m compared with the Mi-8TM. The
helicopter can be fitted with an infrared jammer.

8. SA-7 Grail: 9K32 Strela (NATO: SA-7 Grail)

The SA-7 Grail is the AK-47 of air defense missiles: cheap, lightweight and prone to falling into the
wrong hands. The first generation of Soviet man-portable air defense missiles (MANPADS), the SA-7
is a twenty-one-pound missile contained in a launcher the length and width of a rolled-up movie
poster. Supersonic, the SA-7 is capable of a maximum speed of 1,260 miles an hour with a range of
14,750 feet.

The SA-7 was meant to provide air defense against low-flying NATO attack aircraft. It was liberally
issued to frontline Soviet Army units: motor rifle (mechanized), air assault, naval infantry and
engineer companies were all equipped with an SA-7 firing team. A NATO aircraft flying over a Soviet
battalion would cross paths with as many as three SA-7s.

That sort of battlefield saturation was necessary because, like all first generation MANPADS, the SA-
7 was relatively primitive. Egyptian troops during the 1969-1970 War of Attrition scored 36 hits out
of 99 launches, including possibly the first MANPADS intercept ever of an Israeli A-4 Skyhawk. The
missile’s small warhead meant most planes were only damaged, not shot down, and training and
aircraft modifications dramatically lowered the missile’s effectiveness during the 1973 Yom Kippur
War.

Like other first generation MANPADS, a major downside of the SA-7 was the infrared guidance
system, which needed to lock onto the hot exhaust of an aircraft. The SA-7 was only capable of
locking onto the tail of an aircraft as it was departing the battlefield—after it had expended its
ordnance. The Afghan mujahedeen fighting Soviet occupation forces during the 1980s disliked the
SA-7, claiming it would rather lock onto the sun than the exhaust of a jet or helicopter.

9. PRC-77: The Israel Defense Forces is phasing out the PRC 77, a portable military radio
transceiver which was one of the IDF's oldest pieces of equipment, having been in use for more than
40 years. The IDF began using the equipment in 1968, at first in small quantities and mainly among
regiment and brigade commanders and in special units. The transceiver weighs 10 kilos and is
carried on solders' backs.

The first operative use of the PRC 77 was in the Battle of Karameh, in 1968. A larger number arrived
with an American air shuttle during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Tadiran Communications also began
manufacturing it under license in Israel. Over the years, the PRC 77 became the standard IDF radio
and tens of thousands of sets were used by IDF units. Its VRC model was installed in vehicles.

The United States army began using the PRC 77 in the 1960s and it was widely used during the
Vietnam war, however they stopped using it 20 years ago. At the end of the '80s, the IDF made plans
to replace the PRC 77 with the digital 91 radio, but due to budgetary reasons the purchase of the
digital radio was halted.

At the beginning of the 1990s, the IDF started buying limited quantities of the manual 624 radio, but
because of the limited number of sets available, IDF field units and reserve units continued to use the
portable manpack 77 radio. After upgrading the field units' equipment in the wake of the Second
Lebanon War and with the ground forces moving to Digital Ground Army systems, the IDF decided
to finally phase out the use of the PRC 77 with the completion of the army's multi-year program at
the end of 2011. It will be replaced by the manual 624 and 710 radios. The great advances made in
the army's communications systems in recent years has also meant that there are now fewer
technicians and workshops specializing in the growing number of hitches in the PRC 77.

The PRC 77 transceiver revolutionized the operations and performance of IDF ground units, as it
was the first radio that enabled infantry, artillery and armored forces to communicate with each
other on the same frequencies. Until then, each corps had used different kinds of equipment, which
meant commanders had to carry all the various types in order to coordinate between the forces.
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As the PRC 77 was easy to operate, every combatant could change the radio's channels without
needing to calibrate frequencies. This meant it could be used after the briefest of training. Even its
weight was seen as a blessing; compared to other options at the time, the set was considered light and
portable. Its production by Tadiran was the first significant military communications equipment
manufactured by the Israeli military industries.

The PRC 77 acquired a rich legacy, with combatants reporting that it could continue operating even
after being riddled with bullets or run over by a tank. But over the years, it became the subject of
mockery, especially after promises to replace it remained unfilled.

10. OT-62B (OT-62 stands for Obrněný Transportér vzor 62 – "Armoured Personnel Carrier model
62") – APC variant fitted with a small turret on top of the second projecting bay replacing the cupola
that was there. It is armed with the 7.62 mm Vz. 59T general purpose machine gun and the 82 mm T-
21 "Tarasnice" recoilless gun on an external mount. The rate of fire of the 82 mm T-21 "Tarasnice"
recoilless gun depends on how fast can the loader can reload it. To reload the recoilless gun the loader
must exit the vehicle first exposing himself to enemy fire. The vehicle carriers from 5 to 10 rounds for
the 82 mm T-21 "Tarasnice" recoilless gun.