Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grain : The term grain covers wheat, maize, (corn), oats, Rye, Barley, Rice, Pulses, seeds, and
proceeds thereof whose behavior is same to that of grain in its natural state.
FILLED COMPARTMENT: The term filled compartment, trimmed, means any cargo space
which after loading & trimming to maximum extent possible under the deck & hatch covers. The
bulk grain is at its highest possible level. The term filled compartment, untrimmed, refers to a
cargo space which is filled to its max. way possible in way of the hatch covers but which has not
been trimmed outside the periphery of the hatch opening either because the under deck void
spaces have been taken into account of the compartment is a specially suitable compartment.
PARTLY FILLED COMPARTMENT : This term refers to any cargo space where in the bulk
grain is not loaded in the manner prescribed in the filled compartment.
SPECIALLY SUITABLE COMPARTMENT : This term refers to a cargo space which is
constructed with 2 verticle or sloping longitudinal grain tight divisions which are coincident with
the hatch side girder or are so positioned as to limit the effect of any transverse shift of grain. If
sloping then the division shall have an inclinatation not less than 30 degrees to the horizontal.
TYPICAL QUESTIONS :
What is the document of authorization ? What info. Is attached to it ?
OR
What info. Is available in the grain loading manual of a vessel built in 1995?
ANSWER : A document of authorization is the document carried by a ship which is accepted as
an evidence that the ship capable of loading bulk grain cargo in accordance with the regulations
of the IMO grain code. This document is issued by the administration or an organization on
behalf of them.
The information that is attached to the DOA is as follows : (Info. Available in the grain
loading manual of a v/l whose keel is laid after the grain code has entered into force, i.e.
01.01.1994 )
a) For compartments filled or partly filled – volume tables, verticle centres of volumes,
volumetric loading moments, & effects of temporary fittings.
b) Tables of max. heeling moments for various displacements, & various verticle centres of
gravity.
c) Details of the scantlings, of any temporary fittings.
d) Loading instruction in the form of notes summarizing the requirements of the IMO
grain code.
e) An worked example for the guidance for the master.
f) Typically loaded service departure, & arrival conditions where necessary intermediate
worst conditions.
Q: With reference to G.C. , what are the conditions that are required for loading grain without
the DOA.
ANSWER: Following are the conditions for a v/l to load grain without a DOA.
A) It must be demonstrated that in its loaded condition for the intended voyage the ship will
comply with the requirement of the IMO grain code.
B) The total weight of the bulk grain shall not exceed 1/3 rd of the deadweight, of the ship
except for the ship as per the IM grain code.( ships exempted are the ship whose keel are
laid before 25th of may 1980 )
C) All filled compartments, trimmed shall be fitted with center line divisions extending for
the full length of such compartments , downward from underside of the deck or hatch
covers to a distance below the deck line to at least 1/8 th of the max. breadth of the
compartment. OR 2.4 meters whichever is greater. If saucers are constructed as per code
they may be accepted instead of a center line division except for linseed or other seeds
having similar properties.
D) All the hatches are to be filled completely trimmed, shall be closed & covers secured in
place.
E) All free grain surfaces in partly filled cargo spaces shall be trimmed leveled and secured
F) Throughout the voyage the G.M. shall be greater of 0.3 meters or as given by the formula
in the code.
G.M. = L.B. X Vd (0.25B – 0.645VdB ) / SF X Disp X 0.0875
L= total combined length of all the filled compartments
B= Moulded breadth in meters
SF = Stowage factor
Vd= Calculated void depth in meters
Disp = Displ
Q: With reference to SOLAAS chapter 6, describe the intact stability requirement for a v/l
carrying grain.
ANSWER: The intact stability requirement of any ship carrying grain in bulk should at least
meet the following criteria through out the voyage:
1) The angle of heel due to the shift of grain shall not be greater than 12 degrees, or for
ships built on or after 01.01.1994, the angle at which the deck edge is immersed
whichever is greater
2) In the statical stability diagram, the net or the residual area between the heeling of
curve and the rightening arm curve, upto the angle of heel of max. difference of ordinates
of the 2 curves OR 40 degrees OR the angle of flooding whichever is least shall in all
condition not be less than 0.075 meter radians.
3) The initial metacentric height corrected for free surface of the tanks shall not be less
than 0.3 meters
4) The vessel must be upright before sailing
5) If required by the loading country authority the ship will have to prove that she will meet
the stability criteria through out the voyage.
Question : Write a short note on the bundling of bulk grain
ANSWER: A bundle of bulk grain may be used instead of bagged grain or other suitable cargo
to fill a saucer in a filled , trimmed compartment provided that :
1) The bundle will have the same dimensions as that of the saucer &n once made will be
so secured that it will have bearing contact with the adjacent structures for more than 1/3 rd of
depth of the saucer OR or else the saucer will be filled in as per the code.
6) The saucer is lined with a string material ( tensile strength 2687 per cm of strip ) withn
the means of securing at the top. The bulk grain is then filled in the saucer and the
material secured at the top.
7) If the saucer is lined with a weaker material then the following construction of securing
is required.
a) Athwartship lashings are placed inside the saucer at a max. spacing of 24 meters
and sufficiently long to be drawn up tight and secured at the top of the saucer.
4) Dunnage : 25 mm thick and 150 – 300 mm wide is placed fore & aft. Over these
lashings to prevent damage to material which will be placed on top of these to line the saucer.
8) Further dunnage is to be laid on top after the lapping the material before the saucer is
secured by setting up the lashings
9) If more than one sheet of material is used to line the saucer, they shall be joined by
sewing or by a double overlap.
10) If the beams are in place then the top of the saucer shall be upto the bottom of the
beams. And suitable general cargo or bulk grain may be placed in between the beams on
top of the saucer