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THE WASHINGTON HERALD, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1915.

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SPAIN NEUTRAL FOR L

At Peace in the Midst of War for the

TIE FIRST TIME
First Tune in 2,000 Years, She Has
$C ( 4& fiS W if JL ,?yJ
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tne Golden Chance to Repair Some
of the Terrible Ravages of Her Dis-
RUSSIAN empire; ALASKA
ifCWtN S . JX to

astrous Career as a Conquering. S

.'ri7Y Xl l7 'RUSSIAN EMPIRE

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Military Power A Warning to the
Warring Empires Today from This
Grave of Empires.
.worth " Jl ,sles
j
By JAMES MORGAN.
In lils series of atorles of the nenrral
powers in the war, Mr. Mergan today
ketches Spain, exhausted by 2,000
years of warfare, a neglected quantity,
la the mbxhrr atruggle which now con-
vulses her neighbors, and draws a les-
son from the downfall of amce great
empire. Ut l N J? PHILIPPINE ,. s rtAhsa c . . - sA " I

If the warring: Emperors of Europe

'v,, "")'(''"
would only make a little excursion
Into neutral Spain and go up Into
the belfry of the Giralda Tower at
Seville, they could see at a glance
feblther the path of war and empire
Cj'" '

ever lea'ds. Their imperial majesties

of Germany, Austria, Russia, and Brit-si- n
would not find It hard to climb.
Indeed, they would not need to dis-
mount from their war horses, but could
ride them In ease along the smooth,
concreted roadway which winds its up
AUSTRALIA N T
f 0ZTe&Sr

ward way within the beautiful and

lofty tower. And at the top they would
behold the most sadly impressive view
in the world of the folly of warfare
and of military conquest.
The Giralda itself is th common
tombstone of three martial empires
that fell by the sword. For the con-
quering Moors erected it to Allah 700
years ago, partly from material that
they had gathered among the ruined
temples which tho conquering Romans
had raised to their gods 1.000 years
before, and next the conquering Span-
iards hurled down the crescent to make
place for the cross.
From- - the gallery that encircles the
tower I have looked out over the sun
baked plain and seen, only five bymiles
away, the ruins of a city built the
Romans more than 2.000 years ago.
and within those now leveled walls
three great Emperors byof the Home were
born. Beneath me. curving
banks of the Guadalqulver. rose the
Tower of Gold, where the galleonsglit-of
Spain dumped upon the shore the Di-
tering wealth of Mexico and Peru.
rectly below me was the vast, somber
Cathedral of Seville, which holds the
dust of Columbus. And and dust is the
empire he gave to Castile Leon.
saun-
The very people t saw gravely
tering in the old lanes that twist about
the foot of the Giralda seemed but the
stubborn, unlaid ghosts of the Spain of
US" I could easily fancy that with
their cloaks-a-nd thsir mantillas they
had wrapped themselves in the dead
.. ,. fhp Kn2niard was the Prus
sian of the land and the Briton of any the
sf-- and ruled an empire wider than
I
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today. For Spain is not decadent. She
is simply petrified.
Tne Spaniard.
"Africa begins at the Pyrenees." said
Dumas. But a wsuor irom mc .
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World makes the discovery that the

Orient begins at the Pillars of Hercules.
Th. shores of the Straits of Gibraltar.
ivirh their crumbling Moorish castles
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and watch towers, are hardly less Ori-

ental in their aspect than the Asiatic JfoS&Oltel. &Z3CE T JifavjpD
IwrUers of the Mediterranean. 1.500 miles
to the east.
And the Spanish nature is like those
straits. There you see the waters of
the west rushing into the Mediterranean sity.He ftghta hard and dances hard, the Loire by the soldiers of the cross straight downward to the ruin of Tower of Gold In Seville. self called It, Napoleon never recov- ton. in which the Spaniards receive
tiom the Atlantic. But far below the but his soul revolts against 6Q.rd.ld under Charles Martel. Spain. Riding to a Fall. ered, and when he diagnosed at St. their choice of the spoils, and the flat-
surface the current from the east flows toil.
Like the Bradys, he would mak Behind the ramparts of the Pyre- The Pyrenees had spared Spain from Helena the mortal disease of his tering title of his novel Is "Spain a
em-pic- e,

unseen. an elegant Turk, for he hatea work! nees, nevertheless, the invaders were extinction at the hands of the North- and Easy come, easy go. All that gold he said, "the Spanish ulcer undid Great Power."
sitim is neither western nor eastern. and Is fond of tobacco and the ladles. secure, and there they founded the men. But those mountains also had silver slipped through the fingers me." The title at least may prove to be
northern nor southern, neither in Europe And was it not a strange prank of empire of the Moors, their predeces- shut her in with the Moors and the of the Spaniard and Spanish coins were But he had undone the Spanish Em- no dream, for neutral Spain may come
nor in Asia. She belongs to all ana fate when these two kindred, Orient, and they shut out the scarcer in Spain than in almost any pire. the government out this war a conqueror. Did
For the of France. Spain held dominion over not of
sors, the Goths, taking refuge from
ease-lovi-
prog- When he seized
to none, and is entirely Spanish. Eu- spirits were appointed to the them in the mountain fastnesses Bui ress of the North when ail the rest Spaniards other country of Europe.
shop
emerge victorious even from she her
rope is on her tongue, but Asia dreams arduous and responsible posts of gate- disdained to keep and S.000.000 square miles In the New defeat In the
the mass of the Spanish people stayed of Europe came to life again in the n war? Spanish-America-

in her eoul and Africa shines in her
eyes Darker skinned than any of her
a closer
European cousins, you may find crossing
keepers to the Mediterranean'?
Spain rose to power because she test
sat by the western portal of that the
In the lowlands and accepted the la- Renaissance. In the sixteenth century left business to foreigners, 40,000 of World and tbe United States comprised When the wound of that conflict heal-
intruders as they had accepted she still was in the tenth. whom flocked to Madrid alone. They only 600,000 square miles.
Goths, the Romans, the Carth- An age after the cross had been rushed in to be the merchants and cajoled the immense territory First he ed she found that Uncle Sam had only
of Lou- performed upon Tier a long-need-

family resemblance to her by great middle sea. She lost her power aginians firmly planted on the towers of other bankers of Spain, and ehe imported isiana from the Spanish crown then surgical operation, and that she was
over into Morocco and going among only when the Mediterranean ceased and Phoenicians.
lands Spain still had to defend It her manufactures from other nations. was compelled by the exigency and of war stronger than before she went under
the Berbers, those majestic barbarians to be the main aisle in the theater of Moorish Spain. against the crescent. Religion and While her riches thus were taktng to drop it at the feet of Uncle Sam. the knife. Her colonialism from its
war and commerce, and the English had become one with her. wings, she was drained of her men ev-to Next the Spanish revolution, which he inception had been an exhausting dis-
of White Africa.
A people always lei! their secrets Channel took its place, with John Bull For TOO years the' Crescent was fas- patriotism And in the passion aroused by her tight the battles of the empire in precipitated by snatching the crown of ease.
in the as the gatekeeper. tened to the gateway of the Mediter-
long battle with the Moors she had ery corner of Europe, and she had to Spain, spread to the colonies and ended
in the stones they set up and conhd-the- The Phoenicians seized the Spanish ranean All the while Spain dwelt in empty her prisons to provide colonists in their independence of the mother had turned their curses
I told last week of the Dutch who
earth they tread. They do not m
no sooner conquered
gate 1100 years before Christ, and the Orient, beyond the borders of turned upon the Jew and the Chris- for America. them than she into blessings.
so freely to their books and their country. Thus, in his own fall. Napo- Today I have told a story of a nation
newspapers. And you may read the they held it six centuries. Then their Christendom. The nations nf the north tian dissenter. When Charles wearied of his vain leon had dragged down the Spanish whose blessings turned to curses.
cousins, the Carthaginians supplanted paused in their wanderings, and By banishment and death she sacrif- struggle to Spaniardize Europe, he re- empire. And
story of Spain in her architecture and gathered the Gothic iced the United States lifted from Spain
her landscape, them and Spain became the favorite Charlemagne hundreds of thousands of her tired to a cell- in s monastery - and -
Only a foothold remained for Spain the weight of the last of those afflic-
The bare Spanish countryside is un- colony of Carthage, whose greatest tribes into his empire and into the people Just when she most needed men thrust the burden of empire on- the In the New World and she lost even that tions when it relieved
like any other in Europe. Its drear, soldier, Hannibal, grew up there and fold of the cross. But the wide to people and subdtic the hemisphere weaker shoulders of his son. Philip II. In the American war of 1S9S. Then she the Philippines. The her of Cuba and
Barcelona mob
unsmiling mood haunts the traveler and wedded a pair of Spanish eyes. He realm stopped at the Pyre-
that Columbus brought her. Just when Although Spain under him beat back claimed the last treasure that the that furiously stoned the statue of
tinges his thoughts with a melancholy made it the base of his celebrated nees. that giant task was laid upon her the Turk at Lepanto, she lost Holland Western Hemisphere held for her the Columbus at that time was not wholly
campaign when he attempted to flank The Dark Aaes rested like night strength she opened saw hor grand Armada pound Itself bones of Columbus. These she had re- bereft of reason.
longing for something, but he hardly
Rome by crossing the Alps and steal- upon tho Christian world. But it was bled herself. her arteries and and pieces on the rocks of the Irish moved from Haiti when the French
knows what. I only discovered what
ing in behind her And it was in' noon In Spain, and she was ablaze
jto For Spain has more to show for the
this was when I came to Granada and coast. captured that territory, but now she seventeen years that have passed
saw the rows of noble elms on the hill Spain that the last round was fought with light. The dreams of the Eist The llllcht nf the HapsbnrR. Thenceforth, tbe descent in the line nau not six teet or ner American since she lost the last of
of the Srpnish Hapsburgs was rapid pire left and she sadly took them home. than she has to show for her
em- colonies
in the finish battle between the Ro turned to reality in the beauty of the
of the Alhambra. These supplied the mans and the Carthaginians. Alhambra. and the land was gemnu-- A misfortune only second to that as- of' imbecile Kings termi the riotous
mysterious want. But they are not sailed at the same critical time, until a series century, that followed Columbus'
Thenceforth for another 600 or 600 with Saracenic castles and palaces and hor in avch!ldless idiot. This last of Spain and This War. dis-
Spanish. On the contrary, they are
years Rome held the gate. Through it mosques. when the blighting rule of the Haps-bur- nated the Hapsburg.
gs
on the throne was the
covery. Her manufactures and her ag-
English, having been planted by We- Caesar passed to his career as a com Great cities sprang up. and Cordova, fell upon-her- Five yearj after fruit of much intermarrying, and that
. Ab an Imperial and military power. riculture have taken a fresh start and
llington's army in the Peninsular cam- is dead as Columbus. She can her commerce is reviving.
paign. mander and Spain became the fore outshining even Damascus, became the trie discovery of America the third was trade mark of the imperial race, the Spain infer by
most of Roman colonies, the frontier most brilliant capital In the world. child of Ferdinand and Isabella protruding under lip. was so accentu- how dead she is the. indiffer- OldSpaln and New.
For the Spaniard, particularly in the stronghold of Roman civilization in Cordova's glory departed long ago and married to a Hapsbnrg archdiikV There ated in poor Charles II that he could ence, now of the warring .empires to
south, is an Arab in his jndlfferenjs the wild west of Europe. nowhere does her existence seem more were two older children between her- hardly articulate or masticate, and his her alliance or her opinion. With prod- Old Spain still reigns at Madrid, and
to ahade trees. You may see his ha- From Spain Rome drew three of her Inconceivable now tliarf1 when you and the throne of her parents. Butwlth- mentality was barely eqiial'to the' task igal Cologne generosity, a German newspaper, saunters beneath the awnings of Se-
cienda covered with an immense olive greatest rulers, when the empire was wander ,ln the dull HUlo town that in a ear of her wedding her brother of reading. the Gazette. ' has offered her ville. But on either side of these, along
or orange orchard, but with never a
tree in his dooryard to shelter him governed for a period of sixty years languishes on the site of that one time had died and she suddenly became the Louis XrV" of France took advantage Tangier and Gibraltar In return for the shores of the
by the Spanish born Trajan, Hadrian metropolis, which counted 500.000 in- heiress to the crown. And in 1517 ner of the feebleness of Hhe miserable King her coming to the aid of the Teutonic the Bay of Biscay, aMediterranean and
from the fierce rays of the burnished and Marcus Aursllus, whose native habitants in the year 950. Then she son. Charles V. of Haps- -
to induce hlnV to will his crown- - to the allies. But while the politicians are ing.
new Spain Is ris-
tun. His umbrelia selves him instead. town lies within, sight of the Giralda was the fountain of learning ana hiirg. ws. King of Spain. At 19 he Bourbons, whereas the grand monarch scrambling for tho assistance of every The Catalonlan city of Barcelona,
and you may see him holding It over Tower. Afterward two other Span- science and Christian Europe came to became the Holy Roman Emperor. boasted over that sordid transaction little Balkan state, and begging even a with a population of half a million.
Ills head as he jogs along on the back iards, Theodosius and Honorius, gain- her for Instruction In everything from Thus tho boy was .the ruler not only that "the Pyrenees have ceased to ex- smile from Columbia, they give never Is
of his pony. Nor do the American In Its hustle and
ed the Caesarian throne. And three tanning Jeather to charting the stars. of Spain and the two Americas, but ist." But It was not until after two a thought to the fallen Colossus of the in ftB hrilltjinro nrA ), mj.Parisian
town-dwelli-

Spaniards of Andalusia line their
streets with trees as their French
neighbors do. but often cover them with
an awning which stretches over them
from side to elde and from end to end.
The architecture of Southern Spain
is of the same blend as the people. The
great, sprawling Cathedral of Cordova
- Is the best among' hundreds of exam-
ples of that strange composito which
every Spaniard Is. ' There the walls of
a Moorish mosque rise on the ruins of
s. Roman temple of Janus and above It
gleams the cross of Christian Spain.
Inside, amid a bewildering forest of
Moslem columns and, long vistas of
horseshoe arches, the Christians have
built their church. And devotees of
the saints kneel on the very pavements
hollowed by the knees of the followers
of the Prophet as they salaamed to
Mecca.
After the manner of that old church
In Cordova, one civilization Is piled
upon another in the character of the
Spaniard and he remains a part of all
ho has "met. If his fandago is Afri-
more. Seneca, Martial, and Quintillan, ajso of Austria, Portugal, the Nether- worlds had been ravaged for fifteen south. a.
won tha crown in the republic of let- The Expulsion of the Moors. lands. Sicily and Naples. Lombaady years by the resultant war of the Spain is lft undisturbed in her neu- ward port on the entire coast of the
Mediterranean. And the Basque city
ters. Meanwhile the evicted Goths in the nr.d the overlord of all Germany. No Spanish succession that a half Insane trality, a neglected factor In the of Bllboa. on the Atlantic Is flourish-
wild mountains of the north were sovereign on the European continent grandson of Louis XIV was securely mighty struggle of the nations that ing like a boom town
Spain's Dyke. '
hardening themselves for the recap- dared turn his head without permis- seated on the throne at Madrid. once acknowledged her supremacy. in the New
But it was Spain's destiny to be ture of Moorish Spain. Slowly, pain- sion of th "Snaniali Ambassador, and Behind its neutral character, the gov- World. The peODles of these two coasts ant
the centuries the four for his refractory behavior, Francis I The Grave of Empires. ernment, under the Influence of the
ruined by empire and by wars of im- fully through kingdoms of Leon. Cas- of France was brought a captive to Spain is the grave of Empire, in English Queen. Victoria, and the lib- far afmoved.in spirit from the ossl-fle- d
perial ambition, and Roman Spain little Christian heart of Old Spain. They feel
tile. and Aragon edged their Madrid, after he had sent his famous which half a dozen dead empires are eral ministry that Is In power, is sup- the vivifying
succumbed without a struggle, under way out of the wilderness down the message home. "All lost save honor." piled one upon another. Into that posed to be sympathetic with the En- world, touch of the modern
the blows of the barbarous Goths and slopes of the Pyrenees, rolling back In mere territorial area, that empire yawning sepulchre the Bourbons now tente. The Carllsts and the reaction- thrum their aMd instead of sitting down to
Vandals in the fifth of the Christian the boundary of the Moors, who had of Charles V measured 17.000.000 stepped. For though they still had the aries, on the other hand, are loudly on the graphophone Spanish' guitars, they turn
centuries. Yet she was not utterly themselves fallen apart into jealous square miles, and ynia six times htEEer Spanish throne. Its theft cost them In n. and keep step to
submerged, like the other nations, by sovereignties. than the dominions of Rome, twice as the end- their .French crowns and all -
But for once the Carllst pretender to tne music or tne new day.
that human tide which rolled down The sword of the Cid cut the south- big of the realm of the Czar today, and their- - other crowns'. the throne is In agreement with the areThea Catalans who built Barcelona
shrewd and most businesslike
from the north. For Spain remained ward path for-th- Middle Kingdom of a third larger than tbe present Brtlsh
e- The .Nepoleonlc. empire was the next government. Although Don Jaime bad. race. They"are
Spanish and quickly made her con- Castile, plucked the Moorish outpost empire. No wonder that Spain quite to atumble Into the grave, when, in bis residence in Austria he manifest- not only' trie merchants
querors over into Spaniards. .. .1'1,a 4"aflllan ..unit,, lost her head when she saw so vast a emulation of Louis XVI, Napoleon ed his
tjt sentiments by America'
ic
of Spain; but of much of Spanish
The Pyrenees saved her. That moun- moved down from Burros to Toledo. part of the earth suddenly .brought be- trlceda Bourbon dunce out of the Span- joining in- the Red cross work for the - as welL
Most of the Inhabitants of the At-
tainous barrier between her and The advance to Cordova and Seville neath her scepter. ish crown, and clapped It on the head army of the French republic Where- - lantic, coast, particularly in Galicla.
France stood like a dyke against the was only little journey of 200 years The inborn contempt of the Spaniard of his brother'Joseph. The patriotism At the Austrian government Issued a are a frugal,
, surging torrent, of northern savagery, more. Soona Granada' alone upheld the for trade and labor was confirmed, and of the Spaniards flamed 'Up and for five decree of banishment against him. and Gallegos were laborious
people. The
which only trickled over the top and crescent. he became a parasite on theLbaek of years mobs of.;Snanlsh peasants with- his followers In Spain less diggers thatamong the most tire-
the American engi-
sent little rivulets flowing down the When Castile and, Aragon were humanity. nobles had only stood, the masterof'the Kings of Eu- banished him from their loyalty.
Iberian peninsula. Merely an army, united at the wedding of Ferdinand to make a Beggared little excursion to Amer- rope. - r t,
neers enlisted for tbe construction of
the Panama Canal.
not a whole people passed the Py- and Isabella, Granada found herself ica, whence they would return Nelson had , scornfully reraarkedTa
m Castles la Spain.
renees. And that is why Spain Is Invested, Once these d tollers got a hard-(liste-

King and Queen sat

Spanish today, why she still Is dif- down eir and thecamp of stone' at 'the millionaires the first American mil- few years glvem'io'me before.- when he heard that Being: out of the armed strife, the chance the
- --

can. ItsVcastanets are Greek. The de- of her warships Spanish partisans of the two sides permitted to keep books Catalans were
hard-head-
in-th-
lionaires to astonish the Old 'World. Spain had. for own
lightful manana with which he post-
pones everything till tomorrow Is a
ferent from Gothic Europe. gate of that one remaining fortress of Common soldiers came back and to. the French, "I. take It for granted' in the' war are shelling one another government, the nation wouldtheir speedily
But when another human tide rose the Infidel. And In the very year that strutted the streets ot, Seville and Ma- that these vessels are not manned-b- press and ha reeonatruetad. Not th
thoroughly Oriental trait. It is not a in the desert of Arabia. Spain alone their Genoese messenger sailed out drid with long- - trains of Indian alaveo. Spaniards,. aathat would be- - tbe surest are 'even dropping war novels from krentury "politicians who scufflelvM
from tbe trenches of the
symptom of his decadence, For his wav. 1600,000 in way to Jose, them." But. however the Zeppelins of their Imagination. the Bourbon throne, but these' about
manana was already proverbial when
.
was flooded. Tbe Arabs were beaten beyond the horixon to capture the and one of th.m
back from the rest of Europe by the New World, Granada surrendered, its 'alms on the occasion of his marriage in much the;8pmnlih" sailor may have de One n them fancies a congress of erns can make a reality of- the nov-
mod-
he' kept a subject world waiting on martial hosts that bad come out of vanquished defender. Boabdil, only Barcelonla.- - Another stood In nis win- served theaxeat admiral's acorn, th p.eaee ofassembled at Madrid: the' Kaiser elist's vision of "Spain' a Great Pow-
-

him. Lord Bacon, S00 years ago and the north. But In Spain the' Northmen turning In hjs fllrht to sigh as he" dow at MadVlttand threw out- handtula Spanish .soldier quickly revived, the sent to St. Helena, ana Spam and er."
-
more, quoted this Italian saying: "Let wero too rew and weaK to repel the upon the Alhambra,
wave, and It rolled over the Spanlsn looked back' of silver .colna, until he had. emptied- memories oL the day' when Portugal forming an Iberian republic. After all, Spain may
my death come from Spain, for then tWO barrala on h ttauufa' of the fTen- ws thsr'foremost' Infantryman ot Eu- Another novelist retorted by giving by .keeping out of It. Atwin the war
any rate. It
it will be a long time coming.? plains and over the Pyrenees them A H1U f Slshs. that In rope, the victory to Germany and
But the Boanlard too. well may sigh the course of It
selves. As the' conquering horde de- xledcrowd. Is estimated f --
Imagin- la her first, golden chance to roan the
Tne Gatekeeper. tha first century of .the And today youmay see in the Be ing George V of England In a mad victories of peace, for never before
scended Into France, however, the it- - oh that-Hil- l of the Last, Sigh ;of the Spanish exploitation NewWorld J villa',;, Cathedral ,theT first Napoleonic flight to the rock ot; Gibraltar. Still years
The one thing above all that the ststance to them increased, until they I Moor. For there-h- e of the In 2,000 has she escaped a great
Spaniard, scorns l entered upon the 12.000 tons, of cold and, M00 ton of all-- 1 eagle that aver was taken In battle. I anothsr-ha- s brought out .a novel which "war.
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