A NEW LIGHT MEASURING INSTRUMENT 

F.N. Heinsius 

Old​. The Crookes radiometer measures no sound but heat and solar radiation. A low pressure prevails
in the glass bulb, see image. By receiving solar radiation the mill turns. The rotor is double-sided black
on one side and mirrored on the other side. The two sides are also thermally insulated within each
other. The phenomenon of radiation pressure is well-known in electromagnetism. Photons or light
particles have a certain impulse and exert a pressure on a surface. As an
example we take a radiation of 180 w / m2 (from 120 w / m2 with sunshine).
We choose the wavelength L = 650 NM. The energy per photon is then E =
HF = 3.05 * 10 ^ -19J with H as Planck's constant and F the frequency in Hz.
According to Einstein, the energy can also be written as E = MC ^ 2. The
pulse P per photon is then P = E / C = 1.014 * 10 ^ -27 kg m / s. The number
of photons that hits a surface of 1 m ^ 2 per second is the number in the
volume 3 * 10 ^ 9 m ^ 3. These are 180 / 3.05 * 10 ^ -19 = 5.9 * 10 ^ 20
photons. The pressure P exerted by the radiation is the total impulse
mutation per second per surface unit, which means that P = 5.9 * 10 ^ 20 *
1.014 * 10 ^ -27 = 5.98 * 10 ^ -27 = 5.98 * 10 ^ -7 PA. This pressure applies to
the pressure on the black rotor, because the photon is attracted by the color
there. For the reflecting surface the pressure is twice the value calculated
above, because the impulse MC for the collision is converted to -MC after the collision because the
photon is not attracted by the color. The pressure difference between the black and reflecting surface is
then 5.98 * 10 ^ -7 PA. The mirroring rotor will thus move away from the sun at the chosen frequency
according to the theory and the black will move towards the sun. Help, this is not the case !!! In the
radiometer both black sides move away from the sun. So there is a different, opposite and stronger
effect than the color. The radiation heats the black sides more than the reflecting surface. Although the
gas in the bulb is of low pressure, gas is indeed present. The gas along the black surface is heated up
more than the gas along the mirror side. The gas on the black side is therefore of a higher temperature
and thus also remains of higher temperature because of the thermal insulation. A higher temperature
gas exerts a greater pressure so that the black sides move away from the sun.

New​. Now the fastest radiometer; this is a modified and new solar
radiation meter !!! Choose the colors black and blue, not dark blue, but
light blue. The latter color is used for unheating by the Tuareg nomadic
people in the African desert. This sky blue of the average daylight here on
earth forms the opposite color of black of the average night light. The
previous radiometer uses the mirror surface. Not the old color of the
mirrored surface, but the sky blue forms the opposite color of black. This
will therefore considerably accelerate the rotor (1.5x) in a new type of
radiometer. The sky blue forms the opposite color of black. See the
technical illustration alongside.
 
 

References

-Ir. W.V. Struik, The Hague, normal calculations as used in the normal bulb

-W.Crookes, inventor of the radiometer

Copyright © 2016 FN Heinsius. All rights reserved etc.