06092014GENP6DEHHaraReportAlmeloPvtLtdUnitII PDF

Almelo Pvt. Ltd.
, Unit-II HARA Report
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND

RISK ASSESSMENT STUDIES
(HARA)
FOR
M/S. Almelo Pvt. Ltd. Unit-11

Shabashpally (V), Shivampet (M),
Medak District, Telangana State.
JULY- 2014
Prepared By:
Madan P. Gavane
404, The Legend, 2-2-11/1,
D.D.Colony, Hyderabad-500 007
Phone No: 040-2742 8205, 09849170493
E-mail: mgavanegyahoo.com,
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Contents
Item Page No.
Introduction 1
Project Description 2
List Of Products With Their Production Capacity And Therapeutic Use 4
Recommendations And Conclusions 7
Introduction: 9
Project Proponent 9
Regulatory Framework 11
Proposed Project 12
Project Site 12
Hazard & Risk Assessment 12
Salient Features Of The Proposed Project 13
Fig 1.1 Project Site Layout 15
Fig 1.2 Google Map Showing Project Boundaries 16
Fig 1.3 Topographical Map Of 10 Km Study Area 17
List Of Products With Their Production Capacity And Therapeutic use 18
Organization 21
Proposed Organization Chart 22

General Hazards Associated With Flammable, Toxic And Corrosive 23
Liquids And Gases
Risk / Hazard Analysis 28
-
Products Manufactured Most Of The Intermediates / Products 29
Manufactured Are Not Hazardous Chemicals
Raw Material / Chemicals And Solvents Storage 30
Hazardous Solvents List 51
Water / Air Reactant Chemicals: 52

Safety Data Of Toxic And Hazardous Materials 56
Hazardous Solvents / Chemicals Storage 103
Possible Hazards Due To Leakage/Spillages Of Flammable Solvent 105
Chemicals Stored In Above Ground Storage Tanks.
Hazards Due To Failure Of Solvent Drums Of 200 L And Spillage Of 107
The Total Contents Of The Drum
Process Safety 113
Observations, Recommendations And Conclusions 119
Liquid Raw Materials And Other Solvents Storage 121
Occupational Health & Safety (Ohs) 124
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS 130 - 282
ANNEXURE - WIND ROSE DIAGRAM 283
Bio Data Of Expert 284 - 288
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Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H. HARA Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
India is among the top five emerging pharma markets and has grown at an estimated
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13 per cent during the period FY 2009-2013. The
Indian pharmaceutical market is poised to grow to US$ 55 billion by 2020 from the 2009 levels
of US$ 12.6 billion, according to the report titled 'India Pharma 2020' by McKinsey & Co.
India's pharma industry accounts for about 1.4 per cent of the global pharma industry in
value terms and 10 per cent in volume terms. Among the fastest growing pharma industries in the
world, India's pharmaceutical sector is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 12.1 per cent during 2012-2020 and reach US$ 45 billion. The Indian pharmaceuticals
market grew at a CAGR of 17 per cent in 2012. By 2020, the country is expected to be within the
top three pharmaceutical markets by incremental growth and sixth largest market globally in
absolute size. Currently, Indian drugs are exported to more than 200 countries in the world, with
the US as the key market.
The Government of India's expenditure on health increased from US$ 14 billion in 2008
to US$ 23 billion in 2011. The expenditure is projected to expand at a CAGR of 18 per cent
during 2008-16 to touch US$ 53 billion, thereby increasing the share of government expenditure
towards total healthcare spending from 27.6 per cent to 39.9 per cent during the same period.
With 70 per cent of India's population residing in rural areas, pharma companies have immense
opportunities to tap this market. Demand for generic medicines in these regions has seen a sharp
growth, and various companies are investing in the distribution network in rural areas. The share
of generic drugs is expected to continue increasing; it could represent about 90 per cent of the
prescription drug market by 2016.
The industry now produces bulk drugs belonging to all major therapeutic groups requiring
complicated manufacturing process and has also developed Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
facilities for the production of different dosage forms.
At a growth rate of 12 per cent per year, the pharmaceutical industry in India is well set
for rapid industrialization. As a result, the Indian pharmaceutical and healthcare market is
undergoing a spurt of growth in its coverage, services, and spending in the public and private
sectors.
In order to meet this increased demand, M/s. Almelo Pvt Ltd, Unit-II Telangana proposed
to establish Bulk Drugs and Intermediates manufacturing facility with R&D in Plot No. 4, (Sy.no.
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227, 228 & 137(136) (Part), in plant area of 9.33 Ha (23.06 acres) at Shabashpally Village,
Shivampeta Mandal, Medak District, Telangana. The Industry is proposing to manufacture 70
products of Bulk Drugs and Intermediates on campaign basis i.e., any 9 products will be
manufactured at a time with a maximum production capacity of 708 TPA.
The proposed total gross investment in Land, Buildings, Plant & Machinery and others
will be Rs. 8.7 Crores. The Industry will allocate an amount of about Rs. 1.5 crores for
environmental protection measures (Pollution Control Equipment) and Recurring cost (operation
and maintenance) of Rs. 1.3 Crores / annum.
Project Description
The salient features of the proposed site are presented below.
Almelo Pvt Ltd., Unit - II
Svy No. 227, 228 & 137, (136)

1 Name & Address
Shabashpally (Village), Shivampet (Mandal),
Medak (District), Telangana - 502102.
2 Area of the project 9.33 Ha (23.06 acres)
3 Latitude 17 °48'19 "N
4 Longitude 78°25'57"E
70 Bulk Drugs & their intermediates on

5 Products
campaign basis, 9 products at a time
6 Production Capacity 708 TPA
7 Capacity of Boiler 2 x 5 TPH & 3 TPH
8 Capacity of DG set DG sets (250 KVA and 2 x 350 KVA)
308 KLD of which fresh water requirement was

9 Total water Requirement
176 KLD and Recycled water 132 KLD
10 Total Power Requirement 980 KVA
11 Total Fuel Requirement Coal 52 TPD for 2 x 5 TPH & 3 TPH

Direct employment 150 Nos.
12 Manpower
Indirect employment 100 Nos
Project Description:
Over the years, the production of bulk drug has made significant progress. The
drug and pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand
for bulk drugs & intermediates, pharmaceutical formulation, chemicals, tablets, capsules.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry is well set for rapid establishment of industry. As a
result of the establishment, the Indian pharmaceutical and healthcare market is
undergoing a spurt of growth in its coverage, services, and spending in the public and
private sectors.
In order to meet this increased demand, M/s Almelo Pvt. Ltd., Unit-II Hyderabad
proposed to establish Bulk Drugs & Intermediates manufacturing facility as Unit-II at Sy.
No. 227, 228 & 137 (136), in plant area of 9.33 Ha (23.06 acres) in Shabashpally (V),
Shivampet (M), Medak District, Telangana state. The proposed project falls under
category 5(f) of the schedule, Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry as per the EIA
Notification, September 2006 to manufacture total 70 Bulk Drugs & their intermediates
on campaign basis, 9 products at a time with a total production of 708 TPA. This
proposed project site is located at a distance of about 22 km from Hyderabad (ORR),
0.6 km from Shabashpally village (N direction), 3.9 km (aerial distance) from NH-7 and
0.4 km from Narsapur - Tupran Road and 31 km (aerial distance) from Medak. These
drugs are mainly used for human Medication after Formulation activity to be used for
various diseases.
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Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report
Table 2.4: List of Products with their Production Capacity and Therapeutic use
SI. Quantity
Product Name Therapeutic Category
No. (TPA)
Proposed Bulk Drugs on campaign basis (9 products at a time)

1 Ximelagatran 4 Anti-coagulant
2 Bifeprunox Mesylate 4 Antipsychotic agent
3 Satigrel 6 Antagonist
4 Rosuvastatin Calcium 36 Lipid lowering agent
5 Talampanel 3 Antagonist
6 Zafirlukast 8 Anti-Asthma
7 Tolterodine Tartrate 3 Antispasmodic
8 Prulifloxacin Mesylate 6 Anti-bacterial
9 Dexmedetomidine 4 Analgesic
10 Pramipexole Dihydrochloride 2 Anti Parkinsonian

11 Frovatriptan Hydrochloride 4 Lipid lowering agent
12 Selegiline Hydrochloride 2 Anti-Parkinson's
13 Asenapine Maleate 6 Anti-schizophrenia
14 Udenafil 2 Erectile dysfunction
15 Balofloxacin 6 antibiotic
16 Vildagliptin 6 Anti-diabetic
17 Rizatriptan Benzoate 2 Anti-Migraine
18 Pitavastatin Calcium 12 Lipid Lowering Agent
19 Sitafloxacin 6 antibiotic
20 Levomilnacipran Hydrochloride 6 Anti-depression
21 Bosentan 3 Anti-pulmonary hypertension
22 Adenosine 2 Antiarrhythmic agent
23 Regadenoson 2 Diagnostic Agent
Esomeprazole Magnesium
24 12 Proton Pump Inhibitor
Trihydrate
25 Valsartan 36 Anti-hypertensive
26 Irbisartan 36 Anti-hypertensive
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27 Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride 12 Anti-Histaminic

28 Mesalamine 12 anti-inflammatory
29 Rabeprazole Sodium 10 Proton Pump Inhibitor
30 Alfuzosin Hydrochloride 2 Anti-hypertensive
31 Amlodipine Besylate 24 Anti-hypertensive
32 Anagliptin Anti-diabetic
8
33 Aripiprazole 6 Anti-psychotic
34 Atorvasatin calcium 12 Lipid Lowering Agent
35 Atovaquone 6 Anti-malaria
36 Brimonidine Tartrate 2 Ophthalmic drops
37 Chlorothiazide Sodium 2 Antihypertensive
38 Cinacalcet Hydrochloride 10 Calcimimetic
39 Clarithromycin 80 Macrolide Antibiotic
40 Clopdogrel Bisulphate 36 Anti-Thrombotic
41 Clopidogrel Hydrochloride 6 Anti-Thrombotic
42 Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate 4 Blood-thinning Agent
Desvenlafaxine Succinate
43 6 Anti-depressant
Monohydrate
44 Dexlansoprazole Magnesium 6 Proton Pump Inhibitor
45 Diacerein 6 Anti-inflammatory
46 Divalproex Sodium 6 Anti-Epileptic
47 Donepezil HCI 2 Anti-Alzheimer's
48 Doxazosin Mesylate 4 al-Selective alpha blocker
49 Duloxetine Hydrochloride 10 Antidepressant
50 Epinephrine Bitartrate 1 Cardio stimulant
51 Fesoterodine Fumarate 4 Anti-muscarinic
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride
52 12 Anti-histamine
Monohydrate
53 Lansoprazole 6 Proton Pump Inhibitor
54 Linagliptin 8 Anti-diabetic
55 Lurasidone Hydrochloride 8 Anti-psychotic
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56 Nicardipine Hydrochloride 2 Anti-hypertensive

57 Oxybutynin chloride 4 Anti-spasmodic
58 Paliperidone Palmitate 6 Schizophrenia
59 Pantoprazole sodium 6 Proton Pump Inhibitor
60 Pregabalin 12 Anti-Epileptic
61 Saxagliptin Hydrochloride 6 Anti-diabetic
62 Sitagliptin Phosphate 36 Anti-diabetic
63 Solithromycin 400 Antibiotic
64 Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 8 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
65 Valacyclovir Hydrochloride 24 Anti-Viral
66 WCK 2349 20 Antibiotic
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride
68 20 Anti-Psychotic
Monohydrate
69 Zoledronic acid 6 Anti-Osteoporosis
70 Zonisamide 20 Anti-Epileptic
Maximum production on various
708
combinations (Any 9 products at a time)
Maximum production capacity on various Combinations (any 9 products at a time)
Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II has retained the services of Experts, from Hyderabad to carry out
Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment studies.
Experts Bio-data have been enclosed, the experts visited the site for collection of data and
relevant information for the study. They also held detailed discussions with other concerned staff
& officials. The report generally conforms to and covers the requirements under the Manufacture,
Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 and Amendment Rules 1994 and 2000.
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RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The following are the recommendations for risk reduction during the manufacture of the
products and the storage of raw material, solvents and products.
Storages of solvents in above ground tanks:
Chemicals / Solvents in bulk are stored in Vertical cone roof above ground tanks in
solvents storage farm with nitrogen blanketing.
Storage of Solvents / Raw materials ware houses:
Solvents & Raw materials would also stored in ware house in HDPE / G.I drums or
carboys and poly bags. Two sheds are being constructed for their storage. Risk reduction
measures are suggested:
:. Work permit system is to be followed followed for tanker loading and unloading
:. Electrical bonding as per requirement for pipe lines across the flange etc. and earthing
may be enforced to prevent accumulation of static electricity which is one of the possible
sources of ignition.
Motors
The selection of motors in hazardous areas is as per area classification i.e., flame proof
electrical equipments are used.
Equipment earthing:
All the tanks, vessels and metallic floors are earthed. Rivets may be used for jointing AL strips
and similarly welded joints may be used for GI / GS strips to avoid loose connection. A few tanks
are provided with single earthing, second earthing may be provided.
Lightning protection:
Protection against lightning strokes is to be provided for outdoor chimneys and
buildings. Vertical air terminations are to be provided and connected to earth.
Motor control centers:
In general each MCC, control panels, capacitor bank panels may be provided with
double earthing. New capacitor bank panel is not yet earthed. Nomenclature may be written on
each MCC and control panels. Danger boards may be provided on each and every electrical
panels and MCCs as per the standard specification. The inventory of raw materials and
products shall be kept minimum to the extent possible. Mock drills may be conducted once in 6
months. Some mock drills may be conducted without giving prior intimation.
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Occupational Health & Safety (OHS)
The manufacturing processes will be carried out in closed circuits eliminating the exposure
of plant personnel to hazardous chemicals. Strict vigilance will be kept for spotting any leakage of
hazardous chemicals and immediate steps will be taken to rectify the leakages. The plant will be
operated and maintained by experienced staff as per standard practices taking all safety
precautions. A plan of pre-placement health check up and periodical health status evaluation of
workers with special reference to exposure to work environment will be prepared and strictly
executed. Sufficient funds will be allocated to meet the requirements.
Recommendations are Based on

The Risk Analysis study, the plant layout plan, the process description of production of
the final products
Physical inspection of the proposed plant area and its surroundings
Discussion with the company officials

Assurance that the construction, erection, testing, and trial runs will be done as per
standard practices
Assurance that the operation and maintenance of the plant will be done in accordance
with the well-established safe practices in similar installations, It can be reasonably
concluded that the proposed Plant is environmentally and inherently safe for the
operations contemplated and will have negligible effects on the nearby installations. If all
the safety precautions are complied with and recommendations made in the report are
taken into consideration during construction and regular operation of the plant.
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Introduction:
M/s. Almelo Pvt. Ltd., (formerly known as M/s. Almelo Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.,) has entered
lease agreement with M/s. Solithro Pvt. Ltd., for initial period of 8 years. M/s Solithro Pvt.
Limited has purchased existing industrial land and industrial sheds of M/s. Axis Structurals Pvt.
Ltd., through public auction from ING-Vysya Bank. Land is in possession of project proponent.
M/s Almelo Pvt. Ltd., proposes to establish Bulk Drugs and Intermediates manufacturing Unit II
with R&D facility in the area of 9.33 Ha (23.06 acres) with a total investment of Rs. 31.5 Crores.
The industry name has since been changed as M/s Almelo Pvt. Ltd. Unit-II instead of M/s
Almelo Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. from March 28, 2014. The Unit is located at Sy. No. 227, 228 & 137
(136), Shabashpally(V), Shivampet(M), Medak District, Telangana.The proposal is to obtain
Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) and Consent
for Establishment (CFE) from TPCB to manufacture 70 Bulk Drugs on Campaign basis (any 9
products will be manufactured at a time) with a total production capacity of 708 TPA.
Total capital cost allocated towards environmental pollution control measures is Rs. 5.0
Crores and the Recurring cost (operation and maintenance) will be about Rs. 7.3 Crores per
annum.
LI Project Proponent
Almelo Group of Companies manufactures Advanced Pharmaceutical Intermediates and APIs
with a diverse product portfolio coupled with innovative R&D. The group currently has two
manufacturing facilities in IDA Kukatpally (manufactures intermediates for (APIs) and IDA Mankhal
(manufactures specialty fine chemicals, advanced intermediates and APIs). All its manufacturing
plants are CGMP compliant, which bear testimony to its commitment to adopt strict quality
standards set by international quality agencies. The group has a rich product portfolio and
continuously enhances its product portfolio through innovative R&D, thus emerging as a source for
diverse range of advanced intermediates.

The Almelo Group of Companies was established in the year 1979 in Hyderabad. Its first
manufacturing facility was set-up at the Industrial Development Area (IDA) Kukatpally,
Hyderabad. It is supplying its products to various reputed domestic and multi-national
pharmaceutical companies.
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M/s Almelo Pvt. Ltd., Unit-II proposed set up the plant at Shabashpally (V), Shivampet (M),
Medak District, Telangana will be as per CGMP norms. The company will be involved in
manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients i.e, Bulk Drugs.
M/s Almelo group has exposure in erection and commissioning of Bulk Drug Projects and
synthesizing various synthetic and semi- synthetic organic compounds and new molecules in
various therapeutics categories such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antihistaminic and antifungal drugs.
Also has extensive experience in marketing of Bulk Drugs and Drug intermediates in addition to
general administration of companies.
The R&D centre is co-located along with the manufacturing unit at IDA, Kukatpally and has
a multi-disciplinary team that works on applying new technologies/ processes for better
efficiencies. The Almelo Group has a fully equipped high-tech laboratory with advanced
instruments and top-notch research personnel at its facility.
The project proponent committed to acquire competitive edge globally in its business
through utilization of the best and most appropriate techniques and technologies applying the
Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) to give quality products and services to the
customer for competitive price every time. It is envisaged that the industry will continue to be
operated in a clean and safe manner and would remain as an example in protection of
environment by adopting the policy of sustainable development.
Almelo Pvt. Ltd. is established by Mr. T. S. Prasad, Managing Director, who has about
three decades of experience in Bulk APIs manufacturing in reputed companies like Dr. Reddy's
Laboratories as Director-Technical, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., as Deputy
Managing Director. Marketing is headed by Mr. Prasanth Nandigala (Director) M.S, M.B.A
(U.S.A) who has considerable experience in both domestic and international marketing.
It is ensured that the environmental discharges are well within the limits stipulated by the
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) / Telangana Pollution Control Board (TPCB). There
are no court cases or litigations against the Proposal.
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1.3 Regulatory Framework

A policy framework has been developed to complement the legislative provisions. The Policy
Statement for Abatement of Pollution and the National Conservation Strategy and Policy
Statement on Environment and Development were brought out by the MoEF in 1992, to
develop and promote initiatives for the protection and improvement of the environment. The
EAP (Environmental Legal and regulatory framework Action Programme) was formulated in 1993
with the objective of improving environmental services and integrating environmental
considerations in to development programmes.
The following acts and rules have been promulgated by the government from time to time
for protection and preservation of environment, which the industry proposes to follow and
comply with.
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and its amendments.
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess, Act, 1977 and its amendments.
The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and its amendments.
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and its amendments.
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006 and its
amendments.
The Hazardous Waste (MH & TM) Rules, 2008 and its amendments
The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (Amendment) Rules,
2000
Chemical Accident (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its amendments
The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and its amendments.
The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules 2001 and its amendments.
Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000.
The Recycled Plastic Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 and its amendments.
The industry also proposes for compliance of other regulations such as:
:. A.P. Factories Act 1948
:. The Explosives Act 1984
:. The Petroleum Act 1934
:. The Petroleum Rules 2002
:. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 etc.
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1.4 Proposed Project

The project proponent proposed to establish Bulk Drugs & Intermediates manufacturing
unit with R&D facility in Sy. No. 227,228 & 137 (136) in an area of 9.33 Ha (23.06 acres) with
an investment of 31.5 crores at Shabashpally (V), Shivampet (M), Medak District, Telangana to
manufacture 9 Bulk Drugs & intermediates at a time on Campaign basis with a total production
capacity of 708 TPA. The manufacturing process of bulk drugs and intermediates consists of
chemical synthesis extending to maximum of 11 stages of processing involving different type of
chemical reactions. These drugs are mainly used for human medication after formulation activity
for various diseases.
1.5 Project Site

For setting up of proposed project, the site has been identified at Shabashpally (V),
Shivampet (M), Medak District, Telangana (Fig.1.1). The project site is situated in the intersection
of the latitude 17°4819"N and longitude 78°25'57"E near Shabashpally (V). The proposed site
covers an area of about 9.33 Ha (23.06 acres) land. The Shabashpally Village is 0.6 km in N
direction to the proposed site. The total proposed land is private land and is in possession of
project proponent. There is no National Park or Wild life Sanctuary within 10 km radius of study
area.
The proposed project site boundaries with longitude and latitude are shown in google
image is shown in Fig.1.2. The salient features of environmental setting are presented in Table
1.1.The proposed site is plain land, away from human habitation, ponds, reserve forests etc. The
transportation of Raw Material and Finished Products can be arranged by road, rail, and air
destinations. This proposed project site is located at a distance of about 22 km from Hyderabad
(ORR), 0.6 km (aerial distance) from Shabashpally Village (N direction), 3.9 km (aerial distance)
from National Highway (NH)-7 and 0.4 km from Narsapur- Tupran Road and 6.1 km from
Shivampet Mandal.
Hazard & Risk Assessment

Hazard identification, based on maximum credible accident analysis, consequence analysis
to indicate damage distances in the worst possible accident scenario and delineation of risk
mitigation measures.
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Site Details, Environment, Accessibility

And Plant Details
Table 1.1: Salient Features of the Proposed Project
SI. No. Particulars Details
1. Location
Village / Mandal / District Shabashpally / Shivampeta / Medak
State Telangana
Latitude 17°4819"N
Longitude 78°25'57"E
Survey & Plot Nos. 227, 228 & 137, (136). Industrial Land
2. Total Plant Area 23.278 acres
3. Type of Project Bulk Drugs & Intermediates manufacturing facility

with R&D.
4. Products and Production Total 23 products (342 TPA) on campaign products
Capacity (any 5 products at a time).
5. Elevation 560 m
6. Land use at the project area Industrial development area
7. Nearest habitation Annaraugudem (1.7 km S), Gopalpet (1.7 km E) and

Narasimharao peta (0.7 km NNW)
8. Nearest major town Medak (30 km, SW), Hyderabad 200 km
Nearest town: Shivampeta: 7.5 km South from site.
9. Nearest highway
NH-7: 3.9 km and
Narsapur -Tupran Road: 0.4 km
Nearest railway track from
10. Palat Potharam Railway Station - 2.7km
Project site
11. Nearest airport Shamshabad Airport, 62 km
12. Nearest tourist places Nil

13. Defence installations Nil within 10 km radius
14. Archaeological importance Nil within 10 km radius
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SI. No. Particulars Details
15. Ecological sensitive zones Nil within 10 km radius
16. National Parks /Wildlife Nil within 5 km radius from project site
Sanctuary (from Project Site)
Reserve Forest
17. Reserved / Protected forest Reserve Forest distance from the Site (km)
1. 4.8 km E
Kannegiri RF :
2. Gobbagurti RF: 8.6 km W

Nearest streams / Rivers / Haldi River, 8 km (NE)
18.
water bodies (from Project
Site)
19. Other Industries /Mines There is Spinning and Cold storage unit in the
industrial park.
20. Seismic zone Study region fall in Zone I - Least active to
seismic intensity
14
AI
III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III
III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III fl
LE
15
MI
III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III
_ II .4..,akWE.
SI. No. Longitude Latitude
1 17°48'27.64"N 78°25'52.16"E
2 17°48'26.21"N 78°25'57.36"E
3 17°48'23.72"N 78°26'03.70"E
4 17°48'18.70"N 78°26'02.97"E
5 17°48'18.98"N 78°26'00.51"E
6 17°48'14.72"N 78°25'59.82"E
7 17°48'16.06"N 78°25'50.59"E
8 17°48'20.58"N 78°25'49.09"E
9 17°48'20.03"N 78°25'54.44"E
10 17°48'22.54"N 78°25'55.17"E
11 17°48'23.06"N 78°25'51.93"E
rn
rr ag.0%204 iglialGlebE
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Fig. 1.2: Google map showing project boundaries
I I I
17
Process Description:
List of Products with their Production Capacity and Therapeutic use Table:
SI. Quantity
No. (TPA)


Trihydrate
18
8
Monohydrate
Monohydrate
19

Monohydrate
708
20
.
ORGANIZATION:
M/s Almelo Pvt Ltd. Unit - II Sciences is headed by the Chief Operating Officer. He is
assisted by all Department Heads. Production activities are looked after by the production head,
EHS activities by head, safety, health & head environment, engineering aspects by head (Main.)
plant electrical maintenance by electrical engineer, material inventory by stores head, personnel
& administration wings, Finance & supply chain management head are directly reporting to chief
operating officer.
The plants are being operated on round the clock basis in 3 shifts. The shift timings
will be as given below:
15, Shift 06.00 to 14.00 hrs

2nd Shift 14.00 to 22.00 hrs
3rd Shift 22.00 to 06.00 hrs
The general shift working hrs will be 09.00 to 17.30 hrs with 1 hr Lunch break.
The security staff is on contract basis and is available round the clock. The security staff
consists of security supervisor and security guards.
Operation and Maintenance personnel have vast and pertinent line experience. They will
be further trained so as to update them with the new Technology or process, if any. The staff are
also adequately trained in safety, first aid and handling of portable fire extinguishers to tackle
Fires & other exigencies, etc.
Organization Chart is furnished below.
21
Proposed Organization Chart
MANAGING DIRECTOR
GENERAL MANAGER (OPERATIONS)
PRODUCTION MAINTENANCE Q.C. STORES Q.A.

MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER
ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SENIOR SHIFT STORES

PRODUCTION MAINT. ELECTRI CHEMIST SUPERVISOR
MANAGER MANAGER CIAN
SHIFT-IN - SENIOR JUNIOR JUNIOR Q.A.

CHARGE FITTER ELECTRI CHEMIST ASSISTANT
CIAN
PRODUCTION JUNIOR SHIFT R &D STORE

ASSISTANT FITTER ELECTRI CHEMIST HELPER
CIAN
1 1
BOILER
PRODUCTION SHIFT INSTRUMEN
OPERATOR
HELPER FITTER TATION
SHIFT
CHEMIST
22
fr
fr Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report
GENERAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAMMABLE, TOXIC AND

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS AND GASES
Flammable Liquids
When flammable liquids like Methanol, Toluene, Hexane etc., are released from a storage
vessel or a pipeline, a fraction of it may vaporize immediately and the other portion will form a
liquid pool, if the released quantity is large enough. The flammable liquid from the pool
vaporizes rapidly entrapping some liquid as droplets as well as considerable amount of air,
forming a vapour cloud. The vapour cloud is relatively heavier than air and forms a thin layer
on the ground and flows downwind into trenches and depressions and could travel to a
considerable distance this way.
As the cloud formed in the area of spill moves downwind under the influence of wind, it
gets diluted. If there is a source of ignition, when the vapor cloud is within the flammability
limit, this can cause flash fire, explosion and if the liquid pool still exists and remains in touch of
cloud under fire, it can ignite the whole mass of the liquid, causing a pool fire. In the pool fire, it
burns throughout the pool diameter radiating heat. The fire damage in such a case is restricted to
the plant area nearer to source of generation. Pool fire causes different levels of incident thermal
radiation.
However, if there is no source of ignition, the vapor cloud will not ignite and will get so diluted
to such a level that the mixture is no longer explosive. However, it can cause asphyxiation due
to displacement of oxygen in the vicinity. As the quantities of flammable liquids handled in this
plant are small, the situations like Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion (UVCE) and Boiling Liquid
Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) are not dealt with.
Flammable Gases
When flammable gases like Natural gas, Hydrogen etc., are released from a pipeline or a
cylinder into the atmosphere, the released Gas may catchfire causing different levels of incident
thermal radiation, if there is a source of ignition.
23
fr
As the cloud formed in the area of leakage moves downwind under the influence of
wind, it gets diluted. With a source of ignition, when the gas cloud is within the flammability
limit, this can cause flash fire or explosion, igniting the whole mass of gas.
However, if there is no source of ignition, the gas cloud will not get ignited and will get
diluted to such a level that the mixture is no longer explosive. However, it can cause
asphyxiation due to displacement of oxygen in the vicinity.
Thermal radiation
Thermal radiation due to pool fire may cause various degrees of burns to the persons
exposed and affect the exposed equipment/structural. Following are the heat flux levels and
likely injury or damage from thermal radiation.
Radiation Levels Injury/Damage Effects
(kw/m2)
0.7 Skin reddens and burns on prolonged exposure
1.75 Pain threshold reached after 60 seconds
2.0 PVC insulated cable damage
5.0 Pain threshold reached after 15 seconds Equilibrium temperature 230Deg C
6.4 Pain threshold reached after 8 seconds II degree burns after 20 seconds
9.5 Pain threshold reached after 6 seconds Equilibrium temperature 320°C
12.5 Wood ignites on prolonged exposure in presence of a pilot flame

15.0 Temp. Limit of class II building materials reached. Equilibrium tem 390°C
16.0 Severe burns after 5 seconds.
25.1 Wood ignites on longer exposure without pilot flame

30.0 Temp. Limit for class I building materials reached.
37.5 Severe damage to unprotected plant with fire. 100% Lethality
The level of damage caused is a function of the duration of exposure as well as heat flux.
This is true both for the effects on buildings and plant equipment as well as personnel. However,
the variation in likely exposure time is much more marked with personnel due to the possibility
of finding "shelter". The following table gives the relationship between exposure time and heat
flux against the fatality probability factors.
24
fr
% of Fatality-* 10% 50% 99%

Heat Flux /
(Kw M2) Time in seconds
1.6 500 1300
3200 4.0 150
370 930 12.5
30 80 200
37.5 8 20
50
In general, it might be possible to take "shelter" within 30-60 seconds. As can be seen
from the above table, the change between very low to very high fatality probability occurs
between heat flux levels of around 12.5 kw / m2 and 37.5 kw / m2.
The degree of thermal radiation in terms of total incident thermal energy dose levels
are relevant as shown in table below.
Physiological effect of threshold thermal dosage
Threshold Thermal Dose Effects
(KJ / m2)
375 3rd degree burns
250 2nd degree burns
125 Pt degree burns
65 Threshold of pain or skin blister
Blast Effects
Flammable liquid vapours released accidentally would normally spread out in the
direction of wind and if a source of ignition is found when the lower inflammable level is
reached, a flash fire preceded by a vapour cloud explosion will result. The resultant blast over
pressure of the explosion may have serious damaging effects on building, structural and
equipment, which are summarized below.
Blast over pressure Damage Level
(Psi)
5.0 Major structural damage. Fatal to people in the premises.

2.5 Ear drum damage
2.0 Repairable damage, pressure vessels remain intact, light

structures collapse.
25
111 III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III 111 111 III 41
1.0 Window breakage, possibly causing injury.

Toxic Chemicals
a) When a toxic vapour or gas is inhaled e.g. ammonia, methanol, toluene, HCL etc. the
damage to life from inhalation is determined by the toxic dose, as per the equation given below.
D=Cnxt
Where
D = Toxic dose
C = Concentration of the toxic vapour in ppm or mg/M3

t = Exposure time in seconds or minutes
n = Exponent, mostly 1.0. it takes into account the fact that a high
Concentration over a short period results in a larger damage than a low concentration over a
relatively longer period of exposure.

b) In certain circumstances, it is possible to apply the probit function to obtain additional
information on the magnitude of the hazard. The probit method uses the logarithmic expression
of toxic dose as given below
Pr = a + b loge(Cnt)
Pr = Probit number
a and b are Constants.
From the probit number, estimated percentages of people affected (or estimates of the number
of fatalities) can be determined using standard probit tables. For example
Pr = 2.67 means 1% population affected.
Probit equation parameters for individual gases are usually derived from animal
experiments. Animal experiments are usually done on groups of rats or mice. Occasionally,
human toxicity factors have also been derived from previous accidents. The constants for probit
equation are available for several substances.
For ammonia
A = -35.90
1.85
26
111 111 111 III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III 111 4111
IM III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III I. I. I. I. I.
C = in ppm
N = 2.0
T = minutes
Some of the terms used in the study
The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health value. This represents the
maximum concentration in air of a substance to which a healthy
worker can be exposed for as long as 30 minutes and still be able to

1. IDLH value
escape without loss of life or irreversible organ system damage. It also
takes into consideration acute toxic reactions such as severe eye
irritation that could prevent escape. For ammonia it is 500 ppm.
Odor This is the lowest concentration in air that most humans can detect by
2.
Threshold smell.
Short Term Inhalation Limits. The maximum permissible average
3. STIL exposures for the time periods specified. For ammonia, it is 50 ppm for
5 minutes.
Threshold Limit Value is defined as the concentration of the substance
4. TLV in air that can be breathed for five consecutive eight hour days (40
hour work week) by most people without adverse effect.
27
MI.
1M 1M 1M III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IM
111 III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III 11111
RISK / HAZARD ANALYSIS:
Risk Analysis involves identification of hazards and the associated risks, if any, involved in
the plant operations. Recognition of all possible hazards and analysis of the associated risks is an
important first step to improve the safety and reliability of any installation. Such an analysis
would provide the necessary inputs for the safe operation of the Plant.
The risk analysis study is designed to identify the hazards in terms of the types of materials
handled, their inventories and vulnerable practices and operations. The plant is manufacturing
various types of drugs and intermediates. The raw materials & solvents used and the products
produced are given. The safety data of flammable, toxic and hazardous chemicals which come
under 'Hazardous Chemicals' category, as per the manufacture, storage and import of Hazardous
Chemicals Rules 1989, amendments 1994 & 2000 are furnished in report. The chemicals include
both solvents and raw materials.
Since most od the reactions are carried our under less temp and pressure i.e be;ow 250 o C and
lat atmospheric pressure , the reisk involvesd is less.
28
111 111 111 III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III MIN
1 II II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II 31 II II
Products Manufactured - Most of the Intermediates / Products Manufactured are

not Hazardous Chemicals:
Physical Melting TLV

Boiling
SI.No. Raw Material Status of Rating Point Value
(°C) Point (°C)
Chemical (PPM)
1 3-Chloroaniline Solid 3 67-70 232 0.01
2 Acetic acid Liquid 3 17 °C 118.1 °C 10
3 Acetic Anhydride Liquid 2 -73.1 140 5
4 Acetone Liquid 1 -95.35 56.5 1000
5 Acetonitrile Liquid 2 -46 81-82 20
6 Ammonia (25%) Liquid 3 -77.73 -33.34 50
7 Aniline Liquid 3 -6.3 184.13 2
8 Bromine Liquid 3 7.2 58.8 0.1
9 Chloroacetyl Chloride Liquid 3 -22 106 0.05
10 Chlorobenzene Liquid 3 -45 131 10
11 Chloroform Liquid 2 -63.5 61.15 10
12 Chlorosulfonic acid Liquid 4 -80 151-152 5
13 Cyclohexane Liquid 1 6.47 80.7 300
14 Diethylamine Liquid 3 -49.8 54.8 5
15 Dimethyl Sulfide Liquid 2 -98 35-41 10
16 Dimethylamine (40%) Liquid 3 N/A 100 10
17 Ethanol Liquid 2 -114 78.37 1000
18 Ethyl Acetate Liquid 1 -83.6 77.1 400
19 Ethylene Diamine Liquid 3 8 116 10
20 Ethylene Dichloride Liquid 3 -35 83.5 1
21 Ethylene glycol Liquid 1 -13 197.6 400

22 Formaldehyde (39%) Liquid 3 -92 -19 0.3
23 Formic acid Liquid 3 8.4 100.8 5
Hydrochloric acid
24
(35%) Liquid 3 N/A N/A 1 mg/m3
25 Hydrogen Gas 0 -259.2 -423
26 Hydrogen Chloride Gas 3 -112 -85 5
27 Isopropyl Alcohol Liquid 1 -89 82.5 400
28 Methanol Liquid 1 -97 65 200
29 Methyl Ethyl Ketone Liquid 1 -86 79.64 0.2
30 Methylamine (40%) Liquid 3 -93.3 -6.1 5
31 Methylene Dichloride Liquid 2 -96.7 39.6 50
32 n-Butanol Liquid 1 -89.8 117.7 20
33 n-Hexane Liquid 2 -96 68.5 500
34 o-Xylene Liquid 2 -24 144.4 100
29
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II NE
r' Ml MI 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 11 MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI MI 11 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Physical Melting TLV

Boiling
SI.No. Raw Material Status of Rating Point Value
(°C) Point (°C)
Chemical (PPM)
Phosphorous
35 3 1.25 105.8 0.1
Oxychloride Liquid
36 Phosphorus Trichloride Liquid 4 -93.6 76.1 0.5
37 Propargyl Alcohol Liquid 4 -51 114 1
38 Pyridine Liquid 3 -41.6 115.2 5

39 Sodium Azide Solid 4 275 N/A 0.1
40 Sulfuric acid Liquid 3 -35 270 1 mg/m3
41 Tetrahydrofuran Liquid 2 -108.3 65 200
42 Thionyl Chloride Liquid 3 -104.5 76 1
43 Toluene Liquid 2 -95 110.6 200

44 Triethylamine Liquid 3 -115 89.7 25
Raw Material / Chemicals and Solvents storage

The following solvents / Raw Materials in bulk are stored in tanks.
Quantity Maximum Physical Storage Handling

SI.No. Name of the Raw Material
per day Storage Status Method method
Kg Tons / KL
Use Mask
1 (±) Medetamidine 20.4 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
2 (+) Tartaric acid 15.41 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
3 (1R)- 1- (Naphthalen -1 -yl) ethanamine 23.15 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
(1R, 2R)-1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic
4 17.42 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
acid
gaggles
(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-(tert-Butoxy Use Mask
5 carbonylamino)-2-cyclohexyl acetyl]- 14.17 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
azetidine-2-carboxylic acid gaggles
Use Mask
6 (4-4-Diethoxybutyl) dimethylamine 3.68 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
7 (4-Chlorophenyl) phenyl methanone 100 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
30

(E) -tert- Butyl-7- (2- cyclopropyl -4 -(4- Use Mask

8 fluorophenyl) quinolin- 3- yl) -5- 46 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
hydroxy-3-oxohept-6-enoate gaggles
SOLID Use Mask
(R)-2-Amino-3-methy1-1,1-
9 1.67 0.4 containers Gloves and
diphenylbutan-1-1o1
gaggles
(S)[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)Carbonyl] SOLID Use Mask
10 amino-3-hydroxy tricyclo[3.3.1.1] 23.33 0.4 containers Gloves and
decane -1 acetic acid gaggles
Use Mask
(S)-3-(Methylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-y1)
propan-l-ol
gaggles
Use Mask
(5)-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro benzo [d]
thiazole-2,6-diamine
gaggles
Use Mask
(5)-tert-Butyl-5-azaspiro[2,4]-heptan-7-
13 20 0.3 containers Gloves and
yl-carbamate
gaggles
Use Mask
1-(1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-y1) piperazine
Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
1-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl) piperzine
15 15 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
Hydrochloride
gaggles
1- (4- Nitrophenyl) -4- methyl -7,8- Use Mask
16 methylene dioxy-5H-2,3- 12.5 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
benzodiazapine gaggles
Use Mask
17 1,2,3,5-Tetra-o-Acetyl Ribofuranose 39.21 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
1,2-Benzisoxazole-3-methane sulfonate
sodium
gaggles
Use Mask
19 1,4-Dioxane 74.47 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
1-Benzy1-4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanon)- Use Mask
20 2-y1dienylmethyl piperidine 8.39 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
Hydrochloride gaggles
1-Cyclopropy1-6,7-difluoro-8-methoxy- Use Mask
21 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro quinolin-3- 38 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
carboxylic acid gaggles
Use Mask
22 1-Dodecanethiol 22.67 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
31

Use Mask
1-Ethyl-3-(3'-dimethyl aminopropyl)
carbodiimide Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
24 1-Fluoro Naphthalene 56 0.4 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
2- (1- Methylpyrrolidin -2 -yl)
25 2.49 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
ethanamine
gaggles
Use Mask
26 2-(2-Ethoxyphenoxy) ethylbromide 25.91 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
2-(Chloromethyl)-4-methyl
Quinazoline
gaggles
Use Mask
28 2,2-Dimethoxy propane 37.5 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
29 2,4,6-Trichlorobenzoyl chloride 0.11 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
244-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl] -3-
chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione
gaggles
Use Mask
31 2-Acetylbutyrolactone 20 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
32 2-Amino-3-(phenyl methoxy) Pyridine 26.83 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
2-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-
carbamide
gaggles
Use Mask
2-Butyl-1,3-diazaspiro[4,4]non-l-ene-4-
one Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
35 2-Chloro phenylacetic acid 23.33 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
36 2-Chloroadenine 13.71 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
37 2-Chloroethanol 14.67 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
32

Use Mask
2- Chloromethyl -3, 4- dimethoxy
pyridine Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
39 2-Cyno-4-bromomethyl biphenyl 85 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
2- Formyl- 3- oxopropionic acid ethyl
ester
gaggles
Use Mask
41 2-Hydroxy-5-Nitrobenzoic acid 50.44 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
42 2-Mercapto Benzimidazole 40.73 0.8 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
43 2-Methoxy Propene 66.7 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
44 2- Methyl -2- Butanone 9.17 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
2-0xo-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]-
hexane
gaggles
Use Mask
3(1-Piperazinyl) benzisothiazole
Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
3-(2-Benzyloxy-5-methyl phenyl) -3-
phenyl propan-l-ol
gaggles
Use Mask
48 3-(Bromomethyl) biphenyl 9.07 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
49 3-(N-Methyl amino) Propionitrile 3.4 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
3-(Trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8- Use Mask
50 tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- 75 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
a]pyrazine Hydrochloride gaggles
Use Mask
51 3-Amino-5-methylpyrazole 31.94 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
52 3-Chloroaniline 3.85 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
33

Use Mask
53 3-Ethynylaniline 220.04 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
54 3-Methyl Butyraldehyde 50.13 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
55 3-N itrobenzaldehyde 7.25 0.7 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
56 3-Trifluoromethyl cinnamic acid 32.48 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)-2-(chloro Use Mask
57 methyl)-3-methylpyridine 32.67 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
Hydrochloride gaggles
Use Mask
4-(3-Methoxy propoxy)-3-methy1-2-
chloromethyl Pyridine Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
4-(Bromomethyl) bi phenyl -2-
carbonitrile
gaggles
Use Mask
4-(Bromomethyl) bi phenyl -2-
carbonitrile
gaggles
Use Mask
61 4-(tert-Butyl)benzene-1-sulfonamide 4.25 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrothieno [3,2c]
pyridine Hydrochloride
gaggles
Use Mask
63 4-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole 2.72 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
4-Amino-l-methy1-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazole-5-carboxamide
gaggles
Use Mask
4-Amino-2-chloro-6,7-dimethoxy
quinazoline
gaggles
Use Mask
66 4-Benzoyloxycyclohexanone 21.76 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
67 4-Chlorophenol 13.67 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
4-Cyanophenyl Hydrazine Use Mask
68 17.23 0.3 SOLID containers
Hydrochloride Gloves
34

Use Mask
69 4-Methoxy benzaldehyde 10 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
70 4-Methoxy phenylbromide 13.83 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
71 4-N itrobenzyl bromide 6.63 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
5-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-4,6-dichloro-
2-(pyrimidin-2-y1) pyrimidine
gaggles
Use Mask
5-(2R)-(2-AminopropyI)-2-methoxy
benzene Sulfonamide
gaggles
Use Mask
5-(ChlorosulfonyI)-2-propoxybenzoic
acid
gaggles
Use Mask
75 5-Bromo-6-Thioureidoquinoxaline 6.12 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
Use Mask
5-Difluoromethoxy-2-mercapto
benzimidazole
gaggles
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77 5-Hydroxymethyl tolterodine (Crude) 15.87 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
5-Methoxy-2-[[(3,5-dimethy1-4- Use Mask
78 methoxy pyridin -2 -yl) methyl] thio]- 166.67 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
1H-benzimidazole gaggles
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79 5-N itro-1H-indole 12.06 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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80 6-(4-Bromobutoxy)-Carbostyril 15 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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81 6-Chloro-5-(2-chloro ethyl) oxindole 38.97 0.8 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
6-Fluoro-l-methyl-4-oxo-7-(piperazine- Use Mask
82 1- yl)- 1,4- dihydro [1,3]thiazeto[3,2-a] 21.67 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
quinoline-3-carboxylic acid gaggles
6-Fluoro-3(4-piperidinyI)-1,2- Use Mask
83 benzoxazole mono Hydrochloride 15.5 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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84 7-Amino-2(3H)-benzoxazolone 4.76 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
35

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8-Bromo-7-(but-2-ynyI)-3-methyl-1H-
purine- 2,6 -(3 H,7H) -dione
gaggles
8-Chloro-6,7-difluoro-14(15,25)-2- Use Mask
86 fluorocycloproyl)- 4- oxo -1,4- 22 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid gaggles
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87 Acetic acid 300.7 10 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
gaggles
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88 Acetic Anhydride 470.17 10 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
gaggles
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89 Acetone 9157.90 25 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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90 Acetonitrile 1791.47 20 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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91 Acyclovir 60.33 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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92 Adenine 7.59 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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93 Aluminium Chloride 22.33 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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94 Aluminium Trichloride 60.12 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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95 Amantadine Hydrochloride 21 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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96 Aminovenlafaxine Hydrochloride 18.33 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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97 Ammonia 49.27 0.5 GAS Cylinder Gloves and
gaggles
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98 Ammonia (25%) 2688.06 5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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99 Ammonium Acetate 15.41 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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36
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100 Ammonium Chloride 135.97 2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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101 Ammonium formate 195.33 2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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102 Ammonium Sulfate 7.28 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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Aniline gaggles
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104 Anisole 60 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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105 Arylamidoxime Compound 16.09 0.4 POWDER containers Gloves and
gaggles
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106 Azacyclonol 33.33 0.4 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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107 Benzaldehyde 9.17 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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108 Benzenesufonic acid 28.33 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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109 Benzoic Acid 1.98 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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Benzyl[(Z)[4-(aminomethyl) phenyl]
(hydroxyimino) methyl]carbamate
gaggles
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111 Boc-Butanoic acid 88.33 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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112 Borane 0.5 0.8 GAS Cylinder Gloves and
gaggles
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113 Boric acid 0.93 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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114 Boron trifluoride etherate 28 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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115 Bromine 42.94 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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116 Calcium Acetate 11.83 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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117 Calcium Hydroxide 8.5 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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118 Carbon 262.13 2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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119 Carbon Dioxide 4.83 0.2 GAS containers Gloves and
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120 Carbonyl diimidazole 31.37 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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121 Catechol 20.04 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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122 Chloroacetyl Chloride 22.02 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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123 Chlorobenzene 148.47 5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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124 Chloroform 1829.1 20 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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125 Chlorosulfonic acid 21.53 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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126 Chromium Trioxide 64.5 0.8 SOLID containers Gloves and
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cis-5-N orbornane-endo-2,3-
dicarboxylic anhydride
gaggles
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128 Copper Acetate Monohydrate 15.78 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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129 Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate 0.91 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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38

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130 Cumene Hydroperoxide 16.67 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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131 Cyclohexane 610.27 20 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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132 Cyclopentyl chloroformate 9.38 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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133 Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate (Crude) 16.06 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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134 Dexlansoprazole 23.17 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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135 Dialdehyde 48.02 0.6 SOLID containers Gloves and
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136 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 156.07 2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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137 Diethanolamine 39.87 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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138 Diethyl Malonate 144 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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140 Diethyl Tartrate 21 0.4 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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141 Diethylamine 16.64 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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142 Diethylmethoxyborane 10.5 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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143 Diisobutyl Dicarbonate 18.13 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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144 Diisopropyl Ether 4791.89 20 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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145 Diisopropylamine 19.65 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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146 Diisopropylethylamine 70.00 3 LIQUID containers
Gloves
39

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147 Dimethyl Cabonate 9.17 0.4 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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148 Dimethyl Sulfide 2.49 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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149 Dimethyl Sulfoxide 8246.12 40 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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150 Dimethylacetamide 1130.17 10 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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151 Dimethylamine (40%) 142.29 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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152 Dimethylaminopyridine 7.18 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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153 Dimethylformamide 1706.71 20 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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154 Dimethylolpropionic acid 0.23 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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155 Dimethyl Sulfate 10.27 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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156 Erythromycin base 577.18 10 SOLID containers Gloves and
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157 Ethanol 4905.41 25 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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158 Ethanol in Water (90%) 273.33 7 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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159 Ethanolic Hydrochloride (37%) 19.49 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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160 Ethoxydiphenyl phosphine 65 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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161 Ethyl Acetate 5260.97 50 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
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162 Ethyl Acrylate 4.65 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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163 Ethyl Bromoacetate 25.17 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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164 Ethyl Chloroformate 7.37 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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165 Ethyl Nicotinate 33.83 0.4 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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166 Ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxy butanoate 67.5 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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167 Ethylbromo Acetate 5.44 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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168 Ethylene Diamine 4.99 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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169 Ethylene Dichloride 200.4 10 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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170 Ethylene glycol 1.25 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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171 Ferric Chloride 0.34 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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Fluoro erythronolide A-11, 12-
172 1566.98 15 SOLID containers Gloves and
carbamate
gaggles
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173 Fluorobenzaldehyde 9.67 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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174 Formaldehyde (37%) 277.61 7 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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175 Formic acid 179.01 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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176 Fumaric acid 4.99 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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177 Hexamethyldisilazane 102.27 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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178 HOBT Hydrate 10.5 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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179 Hydrazine Hydrate (50%) 75.01 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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180 Hydrochloric acid (35%) 1928.55 10 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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181 Hydrogen 8.22 0.1 GAS Cylinder Gloves and
gaggles
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Hydrogen bromide in Acetic acid
182 506.67 5 GAS Cylinder Gloves and
(38%)
gaggles
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183 Hydrogen Chloride 1.7 0.1 GAS Cylinder Gloves and
gaggles
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184 Hydrogen Peroxide (50%) 35 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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185 Hydrose 3.33 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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186 Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride 184.54 3 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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187 Hyflo 715.96 8 SOLID containers Gloves and
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188 Imidazole 9.67 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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189 Isobutyryl Chloride 5.67 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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190 Isopropyl Acetate 1887.2 25 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
gaggles
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191 Isopropyl Alcohol 3983.87 50 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
gaggles
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Isopropyl Alcohol Hydrochloride
192 116.7 3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
(15%)
gaggles
42

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193 Isopropyl Ether 66.87 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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194 L(+) Tartaric acid 58.87 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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195 L-Camphor sulfonic acid 27.17 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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196 Lithium Aluminium Hydride 9 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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Lithium Hexamethyl disilazane in
197 271 SOLID containers Gloves and
Toluene (25%)
gaggles
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198 L-Pyroglutamic acid 4.53 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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199 L-Valine methyl ester Hydrochloride 68 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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200 Magnesium 3 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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201 Magnesium Chloride 43.33 0.5 SOLID Bags Gloves and
gaggles
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202 Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate 11.67 20 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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203 Maleic acid 7.67 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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204 Manganese Dioxide 26 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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205 Methanesulfonic acid 61.26 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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206 Methanesulfonyl chloride 76.29 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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207 Methanol 12035.97 50 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
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208 Methanolic Ammonia (12%) 161.95 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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43
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209 Methyl acetoacetate 5.67 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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210 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 269.40 20 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
gaggles
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211 Methyl Iodide 102.27 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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212 Methyl isobutyryl acetete 59.5 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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213 Methyl tert-Butyl Ether 603.07 10 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
gaggles
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Methyl- 2- cyclohexyl -2- hydroxy -2-
phenylacetate
gaggles
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215 Methyl -3- aminocrotonate 5.44 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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Methyl -4-(4-Chloro-1-oxobuty1)-a,a-
dimethyl phenyl acetate
gaggles
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Methyl-4-(bromomethyl)-3-methoxy
bezoate
gaggles
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218 Methyl -4- bromo-4- cyanobutanoate 13.67 0.4 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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219 Methylene Dichloride 11778.70 50 LIQUID Tankers Gloves and
gaggles
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220 Monomethylamine (40%) 218.54 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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221 N-Benzyl-N-methylethanolamine 3.85 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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222 N-Boc-L-Alanine 38.13 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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223 n-Butanol 51 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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224 N-Carbobenzyloxy-L-Valine 87.67 2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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44
Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul UILI
ill Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul ft

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225 N-Chlorosuccinimide 5.44 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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226 n-Hexane 125 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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227 Nitric acid (70%) 13.33 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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N-methyl-l-phenyl propane-2-amine-
d-tartarate
gaggles
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229 N-Methylbenzylamine 33.06 0.4 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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N-Methylpiperidine-3-amine
Dihydrochloride
gaggles
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231 Ortho Toluene Sulfonamide 9.38 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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232 o-Xylene 300 5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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233 Palladium Carbon 24.34 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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234 Palmitoyl Chloride 11.67 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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235 Para Fluoro benzaldehyde 51 0.8 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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236 Peracetic acid (14%) 86.5 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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237 Phosphoric acid 143.12 2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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238 Phosphorous acid 38 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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239 Phosphorous Oxychloride 95.98 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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45
HI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI II

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240 Phosphorous Pentaoxide 14 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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241 Phosphorus Trichloride 8.27 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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242 Phthalimido Amlodipine 115 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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243 P-Hydroxy benzoic acid 56.67 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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244 Piperazine 4.19 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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245 Piperidine 1.52 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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246 Pivaloyl Chloride 40 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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247 Potassium Acetate 36.63 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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248 Potassium Bicarbonate 94.39 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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249 Potassium Carbonate 274.59 3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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250 Potassium Hydroxide 293.97 3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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251 Potassium Iodide 12.67 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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252 Potassium tert-Butaoxide 30.92 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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253 Propargyl Alcohol 5.67 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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254 Propargyl Bromide 4.76 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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255 Propionic Anhydride 3.29 0.1 LIQUID containers
Gloves
46
ULI
VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI HI HI HI HI HI
ill III VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI SI

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256 p-Toluenesulfonic acid 0.67 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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257 p-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride 89.20 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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258 Pyridine 11.33 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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259 Pyridine Hydrobromide 115.61 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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260 Pyrocatechol 4.99 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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261 Pyrrolidine Derivative 37.97 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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262 Raney Nickel 12.03 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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263 Rhein 34.67 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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264 Rizatriptan 4.25 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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S(+)-Methyl-d-(2-thienylethamino) (2-
265 111 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
chlorophenyl)acetate Hydrochloride
gaggles
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266 Savcosine methyl ester Hydrochloride 19.33 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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267 Seeding Material 0.92 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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268 S-Methylisouerea Hydrochloride 52.5 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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269 S-Nadifloxacin 48.43 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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270 Sodium Acetate 13.33 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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Sodium Azide gaggles
47
VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI HI HI HI HI HI Mil

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272 Sodium Bicarbonate 306.15 4 SOLID Bags Gloves and
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273 Sodium Bisulfite 1109.00 10 SOLID containers Gloves and
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274 Sodium Borohydride 92.65 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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275 Sodium Carbonate 183.24 2 SOLID Bags Gloves and
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276 Sodium Chloride 458.87 5 SOLID containers Gloves and
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Sodium Hydride (60% In Paraffion
277 46.22 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
Oil)
gaggles
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278 Sodium Hydroxde 1094.36 10 SOLID Bags Gloves and
gaggles
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279 Sodium Hypochlorite (12%) 1136.03 10 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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280 Sodium Iodide 2.23 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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281 Sodium Metabisulfite 0.36 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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282 Sodium Methoxide 1.54 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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283 Sodium Nitrite 3.74 0.1 SOLID Bags Gloves and
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284 Sodium Sulfate 68.23 1 SOLID Bags Gloves and
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285 Sodium Thiosulfate (10%) 9.75 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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286 Sodium-2-chloro acetate 23.33 0.5 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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287 Sodium-L-Ascorbate 15.78 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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48

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288 Stannic Chloride 59.05 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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289 Stannous Chloride Dihydrate 10.03 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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290 Succinic acid 5.83 0.1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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291 Sulfuric acid 82.78 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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292 Tartaric acid 59.33 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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293 tert-Butanol 49.87 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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294 tert-Butyl acetate 47.5 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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295 tert-Butyl piperidin -3 -yl carbamate 14.52 0.3 SOLID containers Gloves and
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tert-Butyl-2-[(4R,65)-6-(cyano methyl)-
2,2-dimethy1-1,3-dioxan-4-yl] acetate
gaggles
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Tetrabutylammonium Hydrogen
Sulfate
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298 Tetraethylamine hydroxide 47.5 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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299 Tetrahydro-2-furoic acid 7.93 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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300 Tetrahydrofuran 5629.89 25 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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301 171.6 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
Thionyl Chloride gaggles
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302 Titanium Isopropoxide 9.5 0.1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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303 TMEDA 11.67 0.2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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304 Toluene 17268.06 50 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
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305 Tosyl Chloride 15.87 0.2 SOLID containers Gloves and
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306 Tributyltin azide 99 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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307 Triethylamime 361.39 5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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308 Triflouroacetic acid 315.63 5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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309 Trifluoroacetic Anhydride 28 0.5 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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310 Tri-n-Butyl Tinchloride 173 2 LIQUID containers Gloves and
gaggles
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311 Triphenylphosphine 19.5 0.7 SOLID containers Gloves and
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312 Trityl Chloride 84 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
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313 Vaccum Salt 1.98 0.1 SOLID Bags Gloves and
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314 Valeryl Chloride 40 1 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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315 Valproic acid 17.5 0.3 LIQUID containers Gloves and
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316 Xylene 350 5 LIQUID Tanker Gloves and
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317 a-Bromo-2-chloro phenyl acetic acid 56.33 1 SOLID containers Gloves and
gaggles
50
NI NI NI NI.i
Hazardous Solvents List:
Quantity Maximum Physical Storage

SI.No. Name of the Raw Material Handling method
per day Storage Status Method
Kg Tons / KL
Use Mask Gloves
1 1,4-Dioxane 74.47 1 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
2 Acetic acid 300.7 10 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
3 Acetic Anhydride 470.17 10 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
4 Acetone 9157.90 25 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
5 Acetonitrile 1791.47 20 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
6 Ammonium Chloride 135.97 2 SOLID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
7 Ammonium Sulfate 7.28 0.1 SOLID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
8 Benzoic Acid 1.98 0.1 SOLID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
9 Cyclohexane 610.27 20 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
10 Diisopropyl Ether 4791.89 20 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
11 Ethanol 4905.41 25 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
12 Ethyl Acetate 5260.97 50 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
13 Isopropyl Alcohol 3983.87 50 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
14 Methanol 12035.97 50 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
15 n-Butanol 51 1 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
16 n-Hexane 125 2 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
17 Toluene 17268.06 50 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
18 Triethylamime 361.39 5 LIQUID containers
and gaggles
Use Mask Gloves
19 Xylene 350 5 LIQUID Tanker
and gaggles
51
The bulk solvents and raw materials will be stored in above ground tanks as per statutory
norms, other liquid raw materials will be stored in Fiber or GI drums or in carboys of different
capacities in well-ventilated warehouses as per the safety norms. Solid chemicals are packed
mostly in HDPE bags & stored as such or in drums as per requirement.
Hazardous chemicals and solvents which are used/stored in the production of drugs, are
small in quantities and are far below the threshold quantities. Necessary First aid and fire fighting
equipments are to be provided.
Water / air reactant chemicals:

Sodium boro hydride raw material used is water/air reactant chemical. Major hazards of
fire and explosion are likely to occur, even if traces of Sodium boro hydride are directly exposed
to air/ oxygen, moisture or water. Strict instructions are to be enforced, not to use water or
conventional fire fighting appliances, in view of this highly water reactant chemical, even in the
case of fire also. Only dry sand / salt shall be used to extinguish such fires.
These materials shall be handled although in covered containers or poly bags and
shall not be exposed to air or water. They are to be stored in air tight steel drums and kept
segregated and well protected.
Typical failure frequencies are given below:
Item Mode of failure Failure frequencies
Atmospheric vessel Serious leak 1 x 10-5/Yr
Process pipelines
Full bore rupture 8.8 x 10-7/m.Yr

50 mm dia.
Significant leak 8.8 x 10-6/m.Yr

> 50 mm mm dia.

>150 mm dia
Hoses Rupture 3.5 x 10-2/Yr
Gasket Failure 5 x 10-6/Yr
Spiral Wound gasket Failure 1 x 10-7/Yr
52
The safety data which are common to all raw materials and solvents are given below:
1. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Water spray, dry chemical and carbon dioxide or foam

as appropriate for surrounding fire and materials. In
Extinguisher media case of fire of water/air reactant chemicals like sodium

boro hydride, water/foam shall not be used. Dry sand,
dry chemical/lime may be used.
As with all fires, evacuate personnel to safe area. Fire
Special fire fighting procedure fighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
and protective clothing.
This material is assumed to be combustible. As with all
dry powders it is advisable to earth the mechanical
Unusual fire and explosion hazard
equipment in contact with dry material to dissipate the
potent buildup of static electricity.
As with all fires, evacuate personnel to a safe area. Fire
Firefighting Procedures fighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
and protective clothing.
2. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
When heated to decomposition, materials emit toxic
Hazardous Decomposition Products
fumes under fire conditions.
Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur
3. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Adverse effects may include dizziness, fainting,

headache, and diarrhea, and nausea, loss of taste, dry
Adverse Effects cough, rash fever, joint pain, and unusual tiredness.
Possible allergic reaction occurs to material if inhaled,
ingested or in contact with skin.
Possible eye, skin, gastro-intestinal and/or respiratory
Acute
tract irritation.
Chronic Possible hyper sensitization
53
U U II II 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 II II II II II II II II II II II !I 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 Ul
Inhalation May cause irritation. Remove to fresh air.

May cause irritation. Flush out with copious quantity of
Eyes water by keep opening both eyelids of the affected
eye/s. Obtain medical attention immediately.
May cause irritation. Flush out with copious quantity of
Skin
water.
May cause irritation. Flush out mouth with required
Ingestion quantity of water by gargling. Obtain medical attention
immediately.
4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Persons developing hypersensitive (anaphylactic)
reactions must receive immediate attention; material
may be irritating to mucous membranes and respiratory
tract. When handling, avoid all contact and inhalation
of dust, fumes, mists, and/or vapors associated with the
Precautions to consider
material. Keep container tightly closed and use with
adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Individuals working with chemicals should consider all
chemicals to be potentially hazardous even if their
individual nature may be uncharacterized or unknown.
Remove from exposure. Remove contaminated
clothing. Person developing serious hypersensitive
reactions must receive immediate medical attention. If a
Emergency and first aid procedures
person is not breathing, give artificial respiration. If
breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Obtain medical

attention immediately.
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMM
5. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

Use the NIOSH approved respirator, if it is determined
Respiratory protection to be necessary by an industrial hygienic survey
involving air monitoring. In the event of a respirator is
not required, an approved dust mask should be used.

Ventilation Recommended
Protective gloves Rubber
Eye protection Safety goggles/face shield
Appropriate laboratory apparels/Apron. Protect
Other protective clothing
exposed skin.
6. HANDLING / SPILL / DISPOSAL MEASURES

As a general rule, when handling the materials, avoid all
contact and inhalation of dust, mists, and/or vapors
Handling
associated with the material. Wash thoroughly with
soap water after handling.
Store in airtight containers. This material should be
Storage handled and stored as per label instructions to ensure
product integrity.
Wear approved respiratory protection, chemically
compatible gloves and protective clothing. Wipe up
spillage or collect spillage using a high efficiency vacuum
Gspill response
cleaner. Avoid breathing dust. Place spillage in an
appropriately labeled container for disposal. Wash out
the spilled site thoroughly.
For further details safety data chemicals /MSDS may be referred to for compliance.
55
Safety data of Toxic and Hazardous materials

The safety data of Toxic & hazardous materials as per the manufacture, storage and
import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989, amendments 1994 and 2000 and additionally some
more chemicals are considered. The Brief descriptions of the physical & chemical properties, Fire
& Explosion hazards, Fire fighting media & instructions, the PELTFLV, STEL, IDLH values etc.,
Health hazards & First Aid measures, Handling & Storage precautions for the above chemicals are
given below. (For further details, please refer to material safety data sheets).
Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals

1. ACETIC ACID
Physical & Chemical properties Colourless watery liquid with pungent odour,
Miscible with water & alcohol.
Mol. Formula CH3COOH
:
Mol. Wt : 60.05
Freezing Point: 16.7°C
Sp.gr : 1.051, at 20°C,
Liquid. M.P : 6.63°C

Boiling Point : 118°C
Fire & Explosion Hazards Flash Point = 40°C
Ignition temp. = 427°C

LEL =5.4 °/0, UEL = 16 °/0
Dangerous when contacts with oxidizable compounds like Na202,

HNO3, Chromic Acid, etc...
Health Hazards TLV = 10 ppm.
TDL -Orl-rat LD50 3310 mg / kg.
IDLH value: 1000 ppm.
Symptoms: skin & hands may get blackened hyperkeratosis &
fissured. Conjunctivitis, corneal erosion, iritis. If swallowed pain in-
mouth, pharynx, esophagus & stomach; vomiting, Hematemesis,

bronchitis, pulmonary edema etc.
Handling & Storage Protect containers from physical damage. Keep containers away
56
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM .M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.MMMMMMMMMMMMM
from oxidizing & combustible materials. Keep above its freezing
point as it expands upon solidification & may burst rigid/fragile

containers. Wear chemical goggles, chemical cartridge
respirator & rubber protective clothing.
Fire Fighting & First Aid Use water spray, DCP, alcohol foam or CO2.Use water spray to
measures keep the containers cool. Flush the affected eyes with copious
quantity of water. Wash the affected body with soap and
water. Gastric lavage with lime water if swallowed, followed
by administration of demulcents
Spills & Leakage: Cover with soda ash or sodium bicarbonate. Mix & add water to
neutralize & then drain into sewer.
2. ACETIC ANHYDRIDE
Physical & Chemical properties Colorless & highly refractive liquid having pungent order.
Miscible with Ethanol, Ether, Acetic acid and decomposes slowly in
water to form acetic acid.
Mol. Formula (CH3C0)20 :
Mol. Wt : 102.09
Freezing Point: - 74 °C
Sp.gr : 1.08
Liquid. M.P : - 74 °C
Boiling Point : 139 °C
Fire & Explosion Hazards Flash Point = 49.4 °C
Ignition temp. = 389 °C.

LEL =2.7 °/(:), UEL = 10.1 c)/0
Mixing large quantities with water or dilute acetic acid in presence

of mineral Acid may evolve large heat. Normally stable but it is
dangerous in case of temp. & pressure rise or & being combined

with other reactive materials.
Symptoms: Irritates & corrodes eyes, skin & mucous membranes,
57
corneal necrosis, burning in nose & throat; cough nausea &

vomiting & abdominal pain.
point as it. Wear chemical goggles, chemical cartridge

water. Gastric leverage with lime water if swallowed, followed by
administration of demulcents
3 ACETONE
Physical & Chemical properties Colourless watery liquid with pungent odour,
Miscible with water & alcohol.
Mol. Formula CH3COOH :
Mol. Wt : 60.05
Freezing Point: 16.7°C
Sp.gr : 1.051, at 20°C,
Liquid. M.P : 6.63°C

Boiling Point : 118°C
Fire & Explosion Hazards Flash Point = 40°C
Ignition temp. = 427°C

LEL =5.4 °/0, UEL = 16 °/0
Dangerous when contacts with oxidizable compounds like Na202,

HNO3, Chromic Acid, etc...
Symptoms: skin & hands may get blackened hyperkeratosis &
fissured. Conjunctivitis, corneal erosion, iritis. If swallowed pain in-
58
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7. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM .N.E.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N. MMMMMMMMMMMMMM .N.E.N.N.N. MMMMMM
mouth, pharynx, esophagus & stomach; vomiting, Hematemesis,

bronchitis, pulmonary edema etc.
point as it expands upon solidification & may burst rigid/fragile

containers. Wear chemical goggles, chemical cartridge
water. Gastric lavage with lime water if swallowed, followed
by administration of demulcents
AC ETON 1TRI LE:

Physical and Chemical Properties:
o Colourless liquid with sweet odor

o Boiling Point = 8i.6°C,
o Freezing Point = - 45.7°C
o Sp. Gr. = 0.787 at 20°C,
o Vapor Sp.gr. = 1.4
o There is no reactor with water. Not hazardous
o Polymerization takes place. It is stable during transport.
o Molecular formula / weight = CH3CN/41.05
Fire and Explosion Hazards:

o Flammable vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Flash back along
vapor trial may occur.
o Flash point = 42°F
o LEL = 4.4%
o UEL = 16%
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copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
o Ignition temp. = 975°F

o Heat of combustion = -7420 cal/g
Health Hazards:
o TLV = 40 ppm
o Odor threshold = 40ppm
o IDLH value = 4000ppm
Symptoms: Exposure to 160 ppm for 4 hrs causes flushing of the face and feeling of
constriction in chest. 500 ppm for brief period is irritating to nose and throat. Severe exposure
may cause irritability, skin eruptions, convulsions, paralysis and death due to nervous system
depression. It is irritating to eyes, nose, throat and skin.
Handling and storage:

o Storage under ambient temperature
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures

Alcohol foam, dry chemical, CO2 Water is ineffective, Cool exposed containers with
Water. Stay upwind and use water spray to knock down vapors in case of leakage or fire. Stop
discharge if possible.
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes, flush affected areas with water.
Inhalation: Remove victim from contaminated atmosphere. Give artificial and
oxygen, if respiration is impaired. If swallowed victim is conscious have victim drink
water or milk.
AMMONIUM PER SULFATE:
Physical and Chemical Properties
Solid, light straw to colorless, mild unpleasant odor. Sinks and mixes in water.
Sinks and mixes with water, Sp.Gr. = 1.98°C, Vapor density=7.9(air = 1)
May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air. It is stable during transport.
Molecular formula / weight = I-181\1208S2/ 228.2
Fire and Explosion Hazards
Not flammable will increase the intensity of fire. Poisonous gases may be produced in fire.
Health Hazards
LD orl - rat LD50 = 689 mg/kg Skin - rbt LD50 = 2000 mg/kg.
Handling and storage
60
M M M II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II M
Storage in ambient temperature.

Wear goggles and self contained - breathing operators. Flood discharge area with water.
Skin & eyes contact. Irritating to skin and eyes. Flush affected area with plenty of water.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air.
Ingestion : In dues omitting if conscious. Have victim drink water or milk.
ETHYL ACETATE:
Colourless liquid with pleasant fruity odor
Freezing Point = - 83°C Boiling Point = 77°C
Floats on water, flammable, irritating vapor is produced.
Sp. Gr. = 0.902, at 20°C (Liquid) Vapor Sp.gr. = 3.0
No reaction with water.
Molecular formula / weight = CH3COOCH2CH3 / 88.11
Flash point = - 4.44°C (C.C.), 12.8°C (O.C.)
Ignition temp. = 426.67°C LEL = 2.2% UEL = 9.0%
Flash back along vapor trial may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area.
Health Hazards
TLV = 400 ppm
Liquid is irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled may cause Headache, dizziness, nauseas or
loss of consciousness. If breathing stopped give artificial respiration, if breathing is difficult give
Oxygen.
Flush effected area with plenty of water.
Odor threshold = 1ppm
Short term inhalation limits = 1000 ppm for 15 min.
Storage temperature is ambient. Venting is open through flame arrester or pressure vacuum.
Shut off ignition sources and call fire dept. Stop discharge if possible. Keep people away. Stay
upward and use water spray to knock down vapor. Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide or dry
61
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M
Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl i
chemicals are used. Water may ineffective on fire. To cool exposed containers water is used. Use
organic vapor camster or air mask, goggles or face shield.
ETHYL ALCOHOL:
Colourless liquid like water with alcohol odor
Floats and mixes with water flammable, irritating vapor is produced.
Freezing Point = -114°C; Boiling Point = 78.3° C
Liquid Sp. gr. = 0.790 at 20°C Vapor Sp. gr. = 1.6
Molecular formula = C2 H5OH Molecular Weight = 46.07
Flash point = 55°F C.C., 64°F O.C.
Flammable limits LEL = 3.3%, UEL = 19%
Flammable ignition temp. = 689°F

Health Hazards
Irritation of eyes, nose and throat. Headache and drowsiness. Liquid causes intoxication. Odor
threshold = 10 ppm
Short term inhalation limits = 5000 ppm for 15 min.
Stable during transportation; Storage at ambient temp.
Venting - open or pressure - vacuum

Avoid contact with liquid and inhalation of vapors. Use all purpose camister, safety goggles.
Stop discharge if possible. Keep people away. Shut off ignition sources and call fire dept. Stay
upwind and use water spray to knock down vapor. Fire extinguishing agents; carbon dioxide dry
chemical, water spray, alcohol foam.
Inhalation : if breathing is affected, remove victim to fresh air, call physician, administer oxygen.
Skin and eyes : flush with water
ETHYLENE GLYCOL:
Appearance : Clear oily liquid.
Odor : Odorless.
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Solubility : Miscible in water.

Specific Gravity : 1.1 @20C/4C
% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): 100
Boiling Point : 197.6C (388F)

Melting Point : -13C (9F)
Vapor Density (Air=1) : 2.14

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) : 0.06 @ 20C (68F)
Fire and Explosion Hazards:
Fire: Flash point: 111C (232F) CC; Autoignition temperature: 398C (748F) Flammable
limits in air % by volume: LEL: 3.2; UEL: 15.3
Slight to moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Explosion:
Above flash point, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above.
Containers may explode when involved in a fire.
Fire Extinguishing Media:
Dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. Water or foam may cause frothing. Water spray
may be used to extinguish surrounding fire and cool exposed containers. Water spray
will also reduce fume and irritant gases.
Special Information:
In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained
breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other
positive pressure mode. Toxic gases and vapors may be released if involved in a fire.
Health Hazards
Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen. Call a physician.
Ingestion:
Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention.
63
Skin Contact:
Remove any contaminated clothing. Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15
minutes. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and
upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
Note to Physician:
Give sodium bicarbonate intravenously to treat acidosis. Urinalysis may show low
specific gravity, proteinuria, pyuria, cylindruria, hematuria, calcium oxide, and hippuric
acid crystals. Ethanol can be used in antidotal treatment but monitor blood glucose when
administering ethanol because it can cause hypoglycemia. Consider infusion of a diuretic
such as mannitol to help prevent or control brain edema and hemodialysis to remove
ethylene glycol from circulation.
Handling and Storage
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from incompatible materials. Wash
thoroughly after handling.
Fire-fighting and First Aid Measures
Fire Extinguisher Type: Apply alcohol or all purpose foam for larger fires. Carbon dioxide
may be used for smaller fires.
Fire/Explosion Hazards: Fire possible at elevated temperatures.
Fire Fighting Procedure: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
to prevent contact with skin and clothing. Keep away from heat and ignition sources. May be
harmful if swallowed. Avoid breathing vapor or dust. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid
contact with eyes, skin, and clothes. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep container closed.
FIRST AID:
o SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash exposed area with soap and water. If
symptoms persist, seek medical attention

o EYES: Wash eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lids
occasionally. Seek Medical Aid.
o INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If
breathing is difficult, give oxygen
64
o INGESTION: If swallowed, induce vomiting immediately after giving two glasses

of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID:
Watery colourless to light yellow liquid with sharp irritating odour. Sinks and mixes with water
producing irritating vapour.
Molecular formula / weight = HCL/36.5
B.P. = 50.5°C Sp.gr. = 1.19 at 200C (Liquid)
Heat of solution = - 480 Cal/g
Highly corrosive on long run. Flush with water and apply CaCO3 (limestone), slaked lime, Soda
ash, Sodium bicarbonate for neutralization.
Vapour density = 1.268
Hazardous reaction is caused with ethylene.
It is not flammable. Flammable gas may be produced on contact with metals. No explosion
hazard.
Health Hazards
TLV = 5ppm. Short term inhalation limit = 5 ppm for 5 mts.
Odor threshold = 1 to 5 ppm. IDLH = 100 ppm.

Eye: Liquid causes acid burns for eyes. Also may cause conjunctivitis and corneal necrosis.
Inhalation: Inhalation results in coughing / choking sensation and irritation to nose and lungs and
makes breathing difficult.
Ingestion: Swallowing may cause nausea, vomiting, perforation of intestinal tract.
Skin: Skin contact may cause irritation.
Handling and Storage: Store in a cool and well-ventilated place away from oxidizing substances.
Metal and metal alloys get corroded with this acid. Hence PVC/FRP tanks are used for storage.
Protect the container against physical damage. Statutory inspection shall be followed in order to
detect leaks (spark ignition test) and repair. Wear rubber hand gloves, Chemical canister mask, air
line mask, PVC suit or apron and SCBA, if situation demands while handling or for maintenance
jobs.
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures: Avoid contact with liquid and vapour. Keep people away.
Stop discharge if possible. Stay upwind and use water spray to knockdown vapours.
Eyes: Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 mts or continue with eyelids open till
the medical attention is available.
Skin: Immediately clean with soap and flush with plenty of water, after removing the
contaminated clothing and shoes, at least for 15 mts.
Ingestion: If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk and remove him
to fresh breeze of air. Do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention. If swallowed and fell
unconscious. Same except do not give water or milk.
Inhalation: Remove him to fresh air. If no breathing, give it artificially. If low breathing, give
oxygen. Get medical attention immediately.
HYDROGEN:
It is colourless and odorless gas at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure colourless and
odorless gas. Slightly soluble in water. It can be liquefied under pressure.
Density = 0.089 g/L
B.P. = -253°C ; F.P. = -259° ; Vapour density = 0.067
Chemically stable.
Molecular formula / Weight = H2/2.0
It is flammable and under NFPA classification is of 4.
Auto ignition temperature = 565° C
Explosive LEL = 4% HEL = 75%

Combustion product is not hazardous
May explode if ignited in enclosed area
Health Hazards
Harmless in itself. On acute exposure, it is asphyxiant
Flame is almost not visible. Be cautious.
Handling and Storage: Store in cylinders in well-ventilated area or open area with fencing.
Cylinders are protected against direct sunlight and physical damage. Efficient earthing and
bonding, flame-proof fittings, arresters and non-sparking tools during works are ensured. Use
safety glass and SCBA set with air, to be ensured, in acute exposure. Enclosed vessel should be
thoroughly purged with Nitrogen to expel hydrogen and ensure safety work permit before entry
for any maintenance.
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures: Fire extinguishing Media: Water and CO2 .
Shift the victim to fresh air support breathing by artificial respiration.
Bums: Cool the affected area with water until pain relieves. Cover with sterile solution and get
medical aid soon.
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (GAS):

Physical and chemical properties
o molecular weight: 36.465
o gas density @ 21.1°c (70°0: 0.0950 lb./ft3 (1.522 kg/m3)
o boiling point @ 1 atm: -85°c (- 121 °f)
o freezing/melting point @ 1 atm: -114.2°c (- 176.6 °f)
o specific gravity (air = 1) @ 21.1°c (70°f): 1.266
o solubility in water vol/vol at 0°c (32°f) and 1 atm: 0.823

o specific volume @ 21.1°c (70°f): 10.6 ft3 /lb (0.6617 m3/kg)
o critical pressure: 1198 psia (8260 kpa abs)
o vapor pressure @ 70°f (21.1°c): 613 psig (4227 kpa)
o odor threshold: 1-5 ppm (detection)
o appearance, odor and state: colorless gas with a sharp, suffocating odor.
o warning properties for this gas: the odor is a distinctive warning property associated
with this gas. Additionally, a white cloud may show the location of the leak.
Fire and Explosion Hazards: Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable. Fire Hazards in
Presence of Various Substances: of metals
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Non-explosive in presence of open flames
and sparks, of shocks.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Non combustible. Calcium carbide reacts with hydrogen
chloride gas with incandescence. Uranium phosphide reacts with hydrochloric acid to release
spontaneously flammable phosphine. Rubidium acetylene carbides burns with slightly warm
hydrochloric acid. Lithium silicide in contact with hydrogen chloride becomes incandescent.
When dilute hydrochloric acid is used, gas spontaneously flammable in air is evolved. Magnesium
67
boride treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid produces spontaneously flammble gas.
Cesium acetylene carbide burns hydrogen chloride gas. Cesium carbide ignites in contact with
hydrochloric acid unless acid is dilute. Reacts with most metals to produce flammable Hydrodgen
gas.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Hydrogen chloride in contact with the following can
cause an explosion, ignition on contact, or other violent/vigorous reaction: Acetic anhydride
AgCIO + CCI4 Alcohols + hydrogen cyanide, Aluminum Aluminum-titanium alloys (with HCI
vapor), 2-Amino ethanol, Ammonium hydroxide, Calcium carbide Ca3P2 Chlorine +
dinitroanilines (evolves gas), Chlorosulfonic acid Cesium carbide Cesium acetylene carbide, 1,1-
Difluoroethylene Ethylene diamine Ethylene imine, Fluorine, HCIO4 Hexalithium disilicide

H2SO4 Metal acetylides or carbides, Magnesium boride, Mercuric sulfate, Oleum, Potassium
permanganate, beta-Propiolactone Propylene oxide Rubidium carbide, Rubidium, acetylene
carbide Sodium (with aqueous HCI), Sodium hydroxide Sodium tetraselenium, Sulfonic acid,
Tetraselenium tetranitride, U3P4 , Vinyl acetate. Silver perchlorate with carbon tetrachloride in
the presence of hydrochloric acid produces trichloromethyl perchlorate which detonates
at 40 °C
Health Hazards: Potential health effects: Effects of a Single (Acute) Overexposure
Inhalation. Overexposure to vapor concentrations moderately above 5 ppm irritates the upper
respiratory tract. Concentrations ranging from 50-100 ppm are intolerable. Higher concentrations
(more than 50 ppm) cause choking, coughing, burning of the throat, and severe irritation of the
respiratory tract. Ulceration of the nose, throat, and larynx; laryngeal spasm; pulmonary edema;
and general lung injury may also occur.
Exposure to concentrations of 1500-2000 ppm is life-threatening. Liver and kidney injury has
been reported after exposure to vapors.
Skin contact. Hydrogen chloride gas may severely irritate the skin, causing chemical burns with
ulceration and scarring. Repeated exposure to vapors may produce dermatitis. With prolonged
or widespread contact, the skin may absorb harmful amounts of material.
Swallowing. Highly toxic. May cause chemical burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and
stomach with severe pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness and collapse.
Eye Contact. Exposure to the eye causes immediate pain and irritation with excess tear
production and closure of the eyelids. The severity of the injury depends on the concentration
68
and duration of contact and may range from slight excess redness and irritation of the
conjunctiva to total corneal opacification and blindness.
Effects of Repeated (Chronic) Overexposure. Prolonged or repeated exposure to vapor may
discolor or erode the teeth, cause the nose and gums to bleed, and ulcerate the nasal mucosa.
Other Effects of Overexposure. None known.
Medical Conditions Aggravated by Overexposure. Breathing of vapor or mist may aggravate
asthma and inflammatory or fibrotic pulmonary disease. Skin contact may aggravate an existing
dermatitis.
CARCINOGENICITY: Hydrogen chloride is not listed by NTP and OSHA. IARC lists hydrogen
chloride under Group 3, Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS:
None known. For further information.
STORAGE: Cylinders should be stored upright (with valve protection caps or plugs in place) and
firmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. Cylinders should be stored in dry, well-
ventilated areas. Protect from salt or other corrosive materials. Storage should be away from
heavily traveled areas, walkways, elevators, platform edges or other objects or situations that
could damage the cylinder wall. Do not store in a manner that will block emergency exits, fire
extinguishers or other safety equipment. Do not allow storage temperature to exceed 125°F
(52°C). Use a first-in, first-out inventory system to prevent full containers from being stored for
long periods of time. Store empty cylinders away from full cylinders. Consideration should be
taken to install leak detection and alarm equipment for storage areas.
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code cylinders designed for compressed gas storage. Cylinders
must not be recharged except by or with the consent of owner.
PHYSICAL HAZARD: Hydrogen Chloride becomes extremely corrosive when it comes into
contact with moisture. Hydrochloric acid will corrode gas handling systems and other metal
structures, possibly causing leaks and damage to expensive equipment. Hydrochloric acid will
react with most metals to liberate flammable hydrogen gas, which may pose a fire hazard in the
event of an emergency.
STORAGE: Cylinders should be stored upright (with valve protection caps or plugs in place) and
firmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. Cylinders should be stored in dry, well-
ventilated areas. Protect from salt or other corrosive materials. Storage should be away from
heavily traveled areas, walkways, elevators, platform edges or other objects or situations that
could damage the cylinder wall. Do not store in a manner that will block emergency exits, fire
extinguishers or other safety equipment. Do not allow storage temperature to exceed 125°F
(52°C). Use a first-in, first-out inventory system to prevent full containers from being stored for
long periods of time. Store empty cylinders away from full cylinders. Consideration should be
taken to install leak detection and alarm equipment for storage areas.
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code cylinders designed for compressed gas storage. Cylinders
must not be recharged except by or with the consent of owner.
PHYSICAL HAZARD: Hydrogen Chloride becomes extremely corrosive when it comes into
contact with moisture. Hydrochloric acid will corrode gas handling systems and other metal
structures, possibly causing leaks and damage to expensive equipment. Hydrochloric acid will
react with most metals to liberate flammable hydrogen gas, which may pose a fire hazard in the
event of an emergency.
N FPA RATINGS:
HEALTH: = 3 FLAMMABILITY: = 0 REACTIVITY: = 1 SPECIAL: None
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: This is non-flammable; use fire-extinguishing media appropriate for
the surrounding materials.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Non-flammable. Use extinguishing media appropriate
for surrounding fire. In the event of fire, cool containers of this product with water spray to
prevent failure.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: This gas is extremely corrosive and can severely
irritate or burn the skin, eyes, and other contaminated tissues; subsequently, it presents a serious
health hazard to firefighters. Hydrogen Chloride will react with most metals, liberating
flammable hydrogen gas. Exposure to high heat, as in a fire situation, can cause the cylinder to
rupture.
EXPLOSION SENSITIVITY TO MECHANICAL IMPACT: Not sensitive.
EXPLOSION SENSITIVITY TO STATIC DISCHARGE: Not sensitive.
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: At 1800°C (3272°F) Hydrogen Chloride will

decompose into hydrogen and chlorine.
70
FIRST AID MEASURES
Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty
of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while
removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold
water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get
medical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:
Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek
immediate medical attention.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen. Get medical attention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:
Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie,
belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing,
perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It may be hazardous to the person providing
aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or
corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give
anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or
waistband. Get medical attention immediately.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE:
Physical & Chemical properties
colourless liquid. Normally used as aqueous solution in different concentrations. Powerful
oxidizing agent.
Mol. Formulae = H202 Mol. Wt. = 34.02
Sp.gr. = 1.29 M.P. = -40.3 °C B.P. = 125 °C
Fire & Explosion Hazards
71
r YH 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Not flammable.
May cause fire or explosion on contact with combustibles & metals. Container may explode
when subjected to heat.
Health Hazards
Highly toxic, severely irritative to eyes & skin. Painful @ 0.15 - 0.2 ppm. Intolerable at 0.3 ppm.
Fatal on inhaling concentrated vapour from pulmonary edema.
TLV = 1 ppm, IDLH = 75 ppm.
Handling & Storage

Keep containers closed. Store in well ventilated & cool place away from combustibles. Use
protective clothing made of woven polyester or poly vinylidene fabrics, impermeable apron
made of PVC film. Use goggles & neoprene gloves & boots.
Fire fighting & First aid measures
Not flammable. Flood the discharge area with Na2CO3 or equal mixture of soda ash & slaked
lime, mixing with water to make it slurry. If nearby area is very hot due to fire, water spray on
container is followed. Hold eyelids open & flush with water. If swallowed & unconscious, have
victim drink water or milk. Have the affected skin area flushed with water. Call for medical aid.
IPA (ISO PROPYL ALOCOHOL) :

Colourless, watering liquid with unpleasant alcohol odor
Freezing Point = -88.5°C Boiling Point = 82.3°C
Sp. gr. = 0.785 at 20°C (liquid) Heat of combustion = - 7201 cal/g
Molecular formula = CH3 CH(OH) CH3 Molecular Weight = 60.10
Flash point = 65°F (O.C.), 53° F (C.C.) Ignition temp. = 750°F
LEL = 2.3%, UEL = 12.7%
Health Hazards
TLV = 400 ppm Short term inhalation limit = 400 ppm for 10 min.
Vapors cause mild irritation of eyes and upper respiratory track. Liquid irritates eyes may cause
injury, harmless to skin, if ingested causes drunkenness and vomiting.
Odor threshold = 90 mg / m3
IDLH = 20,000 ppm
72

Storage at ambient temperature; No requirement of inert atmosphere
Stop discharge if possible. Keep people away Shut off ignition sources and call fire dept. Stay
upwind and water spray to " knock down" vapor. Avoid contact with liquid and vapor.
Flammable, flash back along vapor trial may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed
area.
Extinguish with dry chemicals, alcohol foam or carbondioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire
Cool exposed containers with water. Harmful if swallowed. If in eyes, hold eyelids open and
flush with plenty of water. Let the victim drink water and milk.
ISOPROPYL ETHER
Physical state and appearance: Liquid.
Odor: Ethereal.
Molecular Weight: 102.18 g/mole Color: Clear Colorless.
Boiling Point: 68.5°C (155.3°F) Melting Point: -86°C (-122.8°F)
Specific Gravity: 0.7257 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 119 mm of Hg (@ 20°C) Vapor Density: 3.52 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 0.017 ppm

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is equally soluble in oil and water; log(oil/water) = 0
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in cold water.
Flammability of the Product: Flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 443°C (829.4°F)
Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -28°C (-18.4°F). OPEN CUP: 2.61°C (36.7°F).
Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.4% UPPER: 7.9%
Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:
Flammable in presence of open flames and sparks. Slightly flammable to flammable in presence
of oxidizing materials.
73
fr Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H. HARA Report
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:

Slightly explosive to explosive in presence of oxidizing materials.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL
FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam, water spray or fog.
Health Hazards
Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running
water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. Cold water may be used. Do not use an eye
ointment. Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact: After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. Gently and
thoroughly wash the contaminated skin with running water and non-abrasive soap. Be
particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin. Cover the irritated skin with an
emollient. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before
reusing.
Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an
anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing
such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is
not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If
the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek immediate medical
attention.
Precautions: Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment
containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapour/spray. In case of
insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Storage: Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room. Keep
away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a
cool, well-ventilated place. Ground all equipment containing material. A refrigerated room
would be preferable for materials with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F).
74

Oral Exposure: If swallowed, wash out mouth with water provided person is conscious. Call a
physician.
Inhalation Exposure: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. If
breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Dermal Exposure: In case of contact, immediately wash skin with soap and copious amounts of
water.
Eye Exposure: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with copious amounts of water for at
least 15 minutes.
Explosion Hazards: Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.
Container explosion may occur under fire conditions.
Explosion Limits: Lower: 1 % Upper: 21 °A)
Auto ignition Temp: 442 OC Flammability: N/A

Extinguishing Media Suitable: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or appropriate foam.
Water spray.
Firefighting: Protective Equipment; Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective
clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes.
Specific Hazard(s); Extremely flammable. Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of
ignition and flash back. Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.
Exposure Hazard(s): Material Irritant.
METHANOL:
Colourless liquid with faint odor like that of alcohol but pungent.
B.P. = 64.5° C, F.P. = -97.8°C
Lighter than water Sp. gr. = 0.792 Vapour sp. gr. = 1.1
Highly soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. There is no reaction with water. No hazardous

polymerization takes place. It is stable during transport.
Molecular formula / Weight = CH3OH/32
75

Flammable vapour may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Flash back along vapour trail may
occur. Flash point = 12.2 °C
LEL = 6% ; UEL = 36.5%.
Containers may explode in fire. Ignition temp = 464°C
Vapour Sp.gr. = 1.1 Heat of combustion = - 4677 Cal/gr.
Health Hazards
TLV = 200 ppm. Over 50000 ppm may cause depression of central nervous system and optic
nerve damage. Swallowing may cause death or eye damage. Vapours cause a slight smarting of
the eyes or respiratory system. Spillage on clothing may cause smarting or reddening of the skin.
Odor threshold = 100 ppm.
IDLH value = 25000 ppm.
It is irritating to eyes, nose, throat and skin.
Handling and Storage: Store under refrigerated temperature and protect it from moisture. Spray
with water onto the spillages. Wash all contaminated clothing with strong soap and water
solution. Do not enter the contaminated vessel without safety work permit. Use face mask and
safety goggles while handling maintenance jobs. Use half face respirator equipped with organic
vapour cartridge with a dust / mist filter. Venting is through open flame arrestor or pressure /
vacuum arrangement.
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures: Dry chemical powder, alcohol foam or CO2 and halon
extinguishers are used. Water is ineffective. Cool exposed containers with water. Stay upwind
and use water spray to knock down vapours in case of leakage or fire.
Skin: Immediately flood affected skin with plenty of water, after removing the contaminated
clothing. Further wash with soap and water. If redness or irritation develops, call physician and
be ready to transport the victim to hospital.
Eye: Check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with plenty of
water or normal saline solution for 20-30 mts; call for medical advice. Don not put ointment,
oils etc. in the victim's eyes without specific instruction from physician.
Immediately transport the victim to hospital after flushing eyes if symptoms are most infectious.
Inhalation: Leave the contaminated area immediately and take deep breath of fresh air. In case of
coughing, shortness of breath, burning of mouth, throat or nose, call physician and make ready
to transport to hospital. Provide SCBA with escape provision for entry into methanol
atmosphere.
76
"r*
!
'AMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAINAMMAAMMAAMMAAMMAAMMAAMMAMA
Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting.
mouth. Ensure the victim's air way
METHAN ESULFON IC ACID:

Color: Clear Colorless.
pH (1% soln/water): Neutral.
Boiling Point: The lowest known value
Vapor Density: The highest known value

average: 2.5 (Air =
Upper explosion limit

1)
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.

If
is
Solubility: Easily soluble in cold water, hot water.

Flammability: not flammable.
(c)/0
Auto-ignition temperature: >500°c
Health hazards: Route of entry

v): ne
victim
is
is
glasses of water. Immediately call for medical help or poison control center for advice. Be ready
to transport him to hospital if necessary. If
open and lay the victim on his

lower than the body. Do not induce vomiting. Immediately transport the victim to hospital.
is 100°C (212°F) (Water).

Melting Point: May start to solidify at 20°C (68°F) based on data for: Methanesulfonic acid.
Specific Gravity: Weighted average: 1.3 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: The highest known value is 17.535 mm of Hg (@ 20°C) (Water).

3.31 (Air =
Lower explosion limit (%v): ne
Hazardous combustion products: oxides of carbon, sulfur oxides

Explosion data: ne
1)
/
HARA Report
conscious and having no convulsion, give
unconscious or convulsing, do not give anything by

1
(Methanesulfonic acid). Weighted
Conditions: will burn at elevated temperatures. Means of

extinction: use extinguishing media appropriate to Surrounding fire conditions. Flashpoint: 200°c
(closed cup)
Sensitivity to impact: no Sensitivity to static discharge: no
Skin contact: corrosive. May cause burns. Skin absorption: may be harmful
Eye: corrosive. May cause burns. May cause blindness.
Ingestion: may cause severe burns to mouth, throat and Digestive tract.
77
or 2
her side with the head

A'''
MN
Inhalation: may cause severe respiratory tract irritation. Acute over exposure effects: ne Chronic
over exposure effects: ne Sensitization: does not meet whmis criteria. Carcinogenicity: does not
meet whmis criteria.
Teratogenicity: does not meet whmis criteria.
Mutagenicity: does not meet whmis criteria.
Reproductive toxicity: does not meet whmis criteria.
Precautions: Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapour/spray. Never
add water to this product In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment
If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact
with skin and eyes
Storage: No specific storage is required. Use shelves or cabinets sturdy enough to bear the weight
of the chemicals. Be sure that it is not necessary to strain to reach materials, and that shelves are
not overloaded.
Fire-fighting and First Aid Measures Engineering Controls: Provide exhaust ventilation
or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their
respective threshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to
the work-station location.
Personal Protection: Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an
approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots.
Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product.
Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this
product. Eye flush eyes with large amount of water for 15 minutes while holding Eyelids open.
Seek medical attention. Skin wash skin with water and soap. Seek medical attention if irritation
Occurs or persists. Ingestion do not give liquids if person is unconscious or very drowsy. Do not
Induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention. Inhalation remove person to fresh air
immediately. If breathing has stopped, apply Artificial respiration and administer oxygen if
necessary. Seek medical advice.
78
METHANE SULFONYL CHLORIDE

:Physical and Chemical Properties
o Physical State Clear liquid
o Color light yellow
o Odor pungent odor
o Vapor Pressure 2.6mbar @20 deg C
o Viscosity 1.97 mPa.s @25 deg C
o Boiling Point 161 deg C @760mmHg
o Freezing/Melting Point -33 deg C
o Flash Point 110 deg C ( 230.00 deg F)
o Decomposition Temperature
o Solubility in water Reacts.
o Specific Gravity/Density 1.480
o Molecular Formula CH3CIO2S
o Molecular Weight 114.55
Flammability of the Product: May be combustible at high temperature.

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 110°C (230°F).
Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2), halogenated compounds.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:

SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use
water jet.
Health Hazards
Engineering Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash
Controls facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne
concentrations low.
79
.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Eyes: Wear chemical goggles.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European
Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when
necessary

Handling: Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on
clothing. Use only in a chemical fume hood.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container. Corrosives area.

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in
pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Immediately flush eyes
with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower
eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Skin Get medical aid immediately. Immediately
flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated
clothing and shoes.
Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately. Wash mouth out with
water.
Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh
air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give
oxygen.
Notes to: Physician Treat symptomatically and supportively
80
METHYLENE DI CHLORIDE:
Colourless watery with sweet pleasant odor

Freezing Point = -96.7°C Boiling Point = 39.8° C
Sp. gr. = 1.322 at 20°C (liquid)
Molecular formula = CH2 Cl2 Molecular Weight = 84.93

Flash point = Not flammable under conditions likely to be encountered
Ignition temp. = 1184°F LEL = 12%, UEL = 19%
Health Hazards
TLV = 100 ppm
Short term inhalation limit = 500 ppm for 30 min.
Vapors causes mild irritation of eyes and upper respiratory track.
Late toxity = None
Vapors cause moderate irritation such that personnel will find high concentration unpleasant. The
effect is temporary.
Odor threshold = 205 - 307 ppm
IDLH = 5000 ppm
Inert atmosphere is required
Stop discharge if possible. Avoid contact with liquid and vapor. Isolate and remove discharged
material. Notify local health and pollution control agencies. Poisonous gases are produced when
heated. Wear goggles and self contained breath apparatus.
Inhalation: Anesthetic effects, nausea and drunkenness Contact with skin and
Eyes: Skin irritation, irritation of eyes and nose, if inhaled, give oxygen if needed.
81
MONOMETHYLAM1NE
General Information
Form: Gaseous. Color: Colorless Odor: Ammonia-like
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: -92.5°C
Boiling point/Boiling range: -6°C Ignition temperature: 430°C
Danger of explosion: In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture.
Explosion limits:
Lower: 5 Vol % Upper: 20.7 Vol c)/0
/
Solubility in Miscibility with Water at 20°C: 1.080 WI

Flammability of the product: Flammable.
Auto-ignition temperature: 429.85°C (805.7°F)
Flammable limits : Lower: 4.9% Upper: 20.7%
Products of combustion : Decomposition products may include the following materials:
carbon dioxide carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides
Fire-fighting media and Instructions:In case of fire, use water spray (fog), foam or dry
chemical. In case of fire, allow gas to burn if flow cannot be shut off immediately. Apply water
from a safe distance to cool container and protect surrounding area. If involved in fire, shut off
flow immediately if it can be done without risk. Contains gas under pressure. Flammable gas. In a
fire or if heated, a pressure increase will occur and the container may burst, with the risk of a
subsequent explosion.
Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective
equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in
positive pressure mode.
Health Hazards
Potential acute health effects:
Eyes : Irritating to eyes. Contact with rapidly expanding gas may cause burns or
frostbite.
82
. II II II II III . . . . . . . . . .
III III III III III III III III III in II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III . . . .
III III III in II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Skin : Irritating to skin. Contact with rapidly expanding gas may cause burns or
frostbite.
Inhalation: Irritating to respiratory system
Ingestion: Ingestion is not a normal route of exposure for gases
Target organs: May cause damage to the following organs: upper respiratory tract, skin,
eyes, nose/sinuses, and throat.
Medical conditions aggravated by overexposure: Pre-existing disorders involving any target
organs mentioned in this MSDS as being at risk may be aggravated by over-exposure to this
product.
HANDLING AND STORAGE:
Handling: Use only with adequate ventilation. Use explosion-proof electrical (ventilating, lighting
and material handling) equipment. Wash thoroughly after handling. High pressure gas. Do not
puncture or incinerate container. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Close valve after
each use and when empty. Do not ingest. Keep container closed. Avoid contact with skin and
clothing. Avoid contact with eyes. Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. To avoid fire,
eliminate ignition sources. Protect cylinders from physical damage; do not drag, roll, slide, or
drop. Use a suitable hand truck for cylinder movement.
Storage: Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed
until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Segregate from
oxidizing materials. Cylinders should be stored upright, with valve protection cap in place, and
firmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. Cylinder temperatures should not
exceed 52 °C (125 °F).

Flammability of the product : Flammable.
Auto-ignition temperature : 429.85°C (805.7°F)
Flammable limits : Lower: 4.9% Upper: 20.7%
Products of combustion : Decomposition products may include the following
materials : carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides
Fire-fighting media and Instructions : In case of fire, use water spray (fog), foam or dry
chemical. In case of fire, allow gas to burn if flow cannot be shut off immediately. Apply
water from a safe distance to cool container and protect surrounding area. If involved in fire,
83
III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III MN
shut off flow immediately if it can be done without risk. Contains gas under pressure. Flammable
gas. In a fire or if heated, a pressure increase will occur and the container may burst, with the risk
of a subsequent explosion.
Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Fire-fighters should wear appropriate
protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece
operated in positive pressure mode.
N - HEXANE:
Physical and Chemical Properties:
It is colorless, volatile liquid with gasoline-like odor.
It is not soluble in water but soluble in alcohol, acetone and ether.
Sp.gr. = 0.66 at 20°C, M.P. = - 95.3°C, B.P. = 69°C, F.P. = -139.6°C
Good solvent for organic compounds. No reaction with water. Stable during transportation.
Molecular formula / weight = CH3(CH2)4CH3 / 86.2
No polymerization takes place.
Heat of combustion = -10,692 cal/g
It is flammable and is of severe fire risk.
Flash Point = -21.7°C (C.C.) LEL = 1.2% UEL = 7.7%
Ignition temp = 260°C
Flashback along vapour trail may occur. Vapour may explode if ignited in an enclosed area.
Health Hazards
TLV = 50 ppm. IDLH = 5000 ppm.
Short term inhalation limit = 500 ppm for 30 min.
Symptoms: Inhalation causes irritation of respiratory tract, cough, mild depression and cardiac
arrhythmias.
Inhalation: Causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema, excitement followed by
depression.
Ingestion: Causes nausea, vomiting, swelling of abdomen, headache and depression.
Handling and Storage: Storage can be at ambient temp. Without inert atmosphere. Venting shall
be arranged open with flame arrestor or pressure vacuum arrangement. The containers are closed
steel drums and shall be stored in a well-ventilated cool and dark place away from source of
84
ignition. Inspect frequently for any leaks and arrest the leaks. Wear rubber hand gloves, shoes,
face shield, overalls and all purpose mask while handling maintenance jobs.
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures: Stop discharge if possible. Keep people away. Call for fire
department. Stay upwind and use water spray to knock down vapours.
Fire extinguishers: Foam, dry chemical and CO2 are used.
Eyes: Flush the affected eyes with plenty of water, by occasionally opening the eyelids for at least
15 mts. Call for medical help.
Skin: Flush the affected area of the body with plenty of water for 15 mts after removing the
contaminated cloth. Call for medical help.

Inhalation: If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce
vomiting. If the victim is unconscious immediately call doctor or send him to hospital if necessary.
N - HEPTANE:
Substance: n-heptane
Symbol: C71-116
Trade names /synonyms: normal heptane; dipropyl methane; heptyl hydride; skellysolve c;
dipropylmethane; n-heptane; stcc 4909190; un 1206; h-350,h-340,o-3008,h-20; c7h16;
mat10680; rtecs mi7700000

Chemical family: hydrocarbons, aliphatic
Physical state: liquid; appearance: clear; color: colorless
Physical form: volatile liquid odor: faint odor, gasoline odor

Molecular weight: 100.21;
Molecular formula: c-h3-(c-h2)5-c-h3
Boiling point: 208 f (98 c); freezing point: -132 f (-91 c)
Vapor pressure: 40 mmhg @ 20 c vapor density (air=1): 3.45
Specific gravity (water=1): 0.6837 water solubility: 0.005%
Volatility: 100% odor threshold: 200 ppm;
Evaporation rate: 2.80 (butyl acetate=1)
Solvent solubility: soluble: ethanol, ether, chloroform, acetone
Fire and explosion hazards

Flammability of the product: flammable.
85
Auto-ignition temperature: 203.89°c (399°f) - 223 c (433 f)

Flash points: closed cup: -4°c (24.8°f). (tag) open cup: -1.1111°c (30°F).
Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.05% UPPER: 6.7%

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of open flames and
sparks, of heat.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Slightly explosive in presence of heat.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Flammable liquid, insoluble in water
SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray or fog.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Flaming occurs when liquid chlorine in n-Heptane is added to
add to red phosphorous. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapor may travel
considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures in air.
Health Hazards
INHALATION: Short Term Exposure: irritation, nausea, headache, symptoms of drunkenness,
convulsions
SKIN CONTACT:
Short Term Exposure: irritation, itching
Long Term Exposure: same as effects reported in short term exposure
EYE CONTACT:
Short Term Exposure: irritation, tearing, blurred vision
Long Term Exposure: same as effects reported in short term exposure
INGESTION: Short Term Exposure: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache,
symptoms of drunkenness.
CARCINOGEN STATUS: OSHA: N NTP: N IARC: N

Precautions: Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment
containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. If ingested, seek
medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Keep away from incompatibles
such as oxidizing agents.
86
Storage: Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.
Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition
(spark or flame).

FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Severe fire hazard. The vapor is heavier than air. Vapors or
gases may ignite at distant ignition, sources and flash back. Vapor/air mixtures are explosive.
Electrostatic discharges may be generated by flow or agitation resulting in ignition or explosion.
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: regular dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water, regular foam Large fires:
Use regular foam or flood with fine water spray.
FIRE FIGHTING: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool containers
with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of tanks. For fires in
cargo or storage area: Cool containers with water from unmanned hose holder or monitor
nozzles until well after fire is out. If this is impossible then take the following precautions: Keep
unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Let the fire burn. Withdraw
immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tanks due
to fire. For tank, rail car or tank truck: Evacuation radius: 800 meters (1/2 mile). Water may be
ineffective.
FLASH POINT: 25 F (-4 C) (CC)
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT: 1.05% UPPER FLAMMABLE LIMIT: 6.7%

AUTOIGNITION: 399 F (204 C) FLAMMABILITY CLASS (OSHA): I B INHALATION:
Remove from exposure immediately. Use a bag valve mask or similar device to perform artificial
respiration (rescue breathing) if needed. Get medical attention. SKIN CONTACT: Remove
contaminated clothing, jewelry, and shoes immediately. Wash with soap or mild detergent and
large amounts of water until no evidence of chemical remains (at least 15-20 minutes). Get
medical attention, if needed.
EYE CONTACT: Wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting upper
and lower lids, until no evidence of chemical remains. Continue irrigating with normal saline
until ready to transport to hospital. Cover with sterile bandages. Get medical attention
immediately.
INGESTION: If person is unconscious, turn head to side. Never make an unconscious person
vomit or drink fluids. When vomiting occurs, keep head lower than hips to help prevent
aspiration. Contact local poison control center or physician immediately. Get medical attention.
87
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: For ingestion, consider gastric lavage and activated charcoal slurry.
P1PERIDDINE
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: clear or slight yellow
Odor: pepper-like odor
pH: 12.6
Vapor Pressure: 40 mm Hg @29.9
Vapor Density: 3.0 (air=1)
Evaporation Viscosity: 1.46 mPa s 20 C
Boiling Point: 106 °C

Freezing / Melting Point : -13°C
Decomposition Temperature : 500°C
Solubility: Completely miscible in water
Specific Gravity/Density: 0.8622 at 20°C
Molecular Formula: C5H11N Molecular Weight: 85.0837
Flammability of the Product: Flammable.
Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 16.1°C (61°F).
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Flammable in presence of open flames and
sparks.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL
FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam, water spray or fog.
Health Hazards
SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE: Routes of entry for solids and
liquids include eye and skin contact, ingestion and inhalation. Routes of entry for gases include
inhalation and eye contact. Skin contact may be a route of entry for liquefied gases.
INHALATION: May cause severe irritation of the respiratory tract with sore throat, coughing,
shortness of breath and delayed lung edema. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. May
88
-1 Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit -
bronchial pneumonia.
CONTACT WITH SKIN or
the skin. If
H.
EYES:
HARA Report
cause effects similar to those described for ingestion. Damage may be delayed. May cause
Harmful if absorbed through the skin. May be absorbed through

absorbed, causes symptoms similar to those of ingestion. Penetration may continue for
several days. Cause severe skin irritation and burns. Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe
burns and possible irreversible eye damage. Contact may cause ulceration of the conjunctiva and
cornea. Eye damage may be delayed. May cause conjunctivitis. May cause blindness.
INGESTION: Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive
tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. Can cause nervous system damage. May cause tremors
and convulsions.
HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE:
ACUTE: Contact with skin or eyes may cause burning and irritation. Inhalation will cause
respiratory irritation.
CHRONIC: Repeated inhalation may cause chronic bronchitis. Prolonged or repeated contact
may cause skin necrosis and/or ulceration of the skin. May cause chronic cough.
TARGET ORGANS: Eyes, nervous system, skin, mucous membranes.
11
VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use with adequate ventilation to ensure
exposure levels are maintained below the limits provided below. Use a chemical fume hood or
local exhaust ventilation, and process enclosure if necessary, to control airborne dust. Ensure
eyewash/safety shower stations are available near areas where this product is used.
Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove
contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Ground and bond containers when transferring
material. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Empty containers retain product residue,
(liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Do not ingest or inhale. Use only in a chemical
fume hood. Discard contaminated shoes. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind,
or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.
Storage: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away
from incompatible substances. Keep away from strong acids. Flammables-area. Corrosives area.
89

FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Severe fire hazard. Moderate explosion hazard. Vapor/air
mixtures are explosive above flash point. The vapor is heavier than air. Vapors or gases may
ignite at distant ignition sources and flash back.
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: regular dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water, regular foam, alcohol-
resistant foam.
Large fires: Use regular foam or flood with fine water spray.
FIRE FIGHTING: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Do not get water
inside container. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from
the ends of tanks. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or
any discoloration of tanks due to fire. For tank, rail car or tank truck, evacuation radius: 800
meters (1/2 mile). Do not attempt to extinguish fire unless flow of material can be stopped first.
Flood with fine water spray. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.
Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Apply water from a protected
location or from a safe distance. Avoid inhalation of material or combustion byproducts. Stay
upwind and keep out of low areas. Water may be ineffective.
FLASH POINT: 61 F (16 C) (CC)
FLAMMABILITY CLASS (OSHA): IC
INHALATION: If adverse effects occur, remove to uncontaminated area. Give artificial

respiration if not breathing. If breathing is difficult, oxygen should be administered by qualified
personnel. Get immediate medical attention.
SKIN CONTACT: Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes. Get immediate medical attention. Thoroughly clean and dry
contaminated clothing before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes.
EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get
INGESTION: If swallowed, drink plenty of water, do NOT induce vomiting. Get immediate
medical attention.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: For inhalation, consider oxygen. Avoid gastric lavage or emesis.
WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting this
product ON YOU or IN YOU. Wash thoroughly after handling this product. Do not eat,
90
drink, smoke, or apply cosmetics while handling this product. Avoid breathing dusts
generated by this product. Use in a well-ventilated location. Remove contaminated
clothing immediately.
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: All employees who handle this material should
be trained to handle it safely. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty drums
should be completely drained (triple rinsed), properly bunged, and promptly returned to
a drum reconditioned, or disposed of properly. Open containers slowly on a stable
surface. Containers of this product must be properly labeled. Storage areas of this
product should be clearly identified, well-illuminated, clear of obstruction and accessible
only to trained and authorized personnel. Store containers in a cool, dry location away
from direct sunlight at temperatures between 392F and 1202F. Keep product from
freezing. Keep container tightly closed when not in use. Observe all warnings and
precautions listed for this product.
FLASH POINT: 16 C (61 F) Flammability Rating: Combustible.
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 320 C (608 F)
FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, %): N/D LEL, N/D UEL
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS: Use fire extinguishing materials appropriate for surrounding
fire.
Water Spray: Yes Carbon Dioxide: Yes Foam: Yes Dry Chemical: Yes Halon: Yes Other: Any "C"
Class
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Above the flash point, explosive vapor-air
mixtures may be formed.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing
apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
Vapors may form an explosive mixture with air. Vapors can travel to a source of ignition and
flash back. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal
decomposition or combustion. Flammable Liquid. Can release vapors that form explosive
mixtures at temperatures above the flashpoint. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers
cool. Water may be ineffective. Material is lighter than water and a fire may be spread by the use
of water. Vapor may explode if ignited in a confined area. Vapors may be heavier than air. They
91
. Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H.
.....Th.....Th.....Th.....Th.....Th....Th
HARA Report
...rn.m.
can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. May polymerize explosively
when involved in a fire. Containers may explode when heated. Contaminated individuals of
chemical exposure must be taken for medical attention if any adverse effect occurs. Rescuers
should be taken for medical attention, if necessary. Take copy of label and MSDS to health
professional with contaminated individual.
SKIN EXPOSURE: Wash affected areas thoroughly with soap and water. Immediate medical
attention required.
EYE EXPOSURE: Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub eyes or keep eyes
closed. Gently lift eyelids and flush continuously with water. Extensive irrigation with water is
required (at least 30 minutes).

INHALATION: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air
immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do not use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if
victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket
mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
INGESTION: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or
water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Skin and respiratory disorders,
as well as conditions involving the "Target Organs" (see Section 3, Hazard Identification)
may be aggravated by prolonged overexposures to this product.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE:
Physical and Chemical properties
Solid crystals, or colour less liquid, odorless.
B.P. = Very high, Freezing Point = 380°C.
Solid sinks and mixes slowly with water. Liquid mixes with water.
Sp. gravity = 2.04 at 15°C (solid).
Molecular formula / wt. = KOH, / 56.11.
Fire and Explosion hazards
Not flammable. Flammable gas may be produced on contact with metals. May cause fire on
contact with moisture and combustibles.
Flash point = Not flammable LEL : Not flammable
Ignition temp. = Not flammable
92
M
Health Hazard
TLV = 2 mg/m3 Dust or Mist
Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. Harmful if inhaled. Solid or liquid will burn skin and eyes.
Flush affected area with plenty of water, if in eyes hold eye lids open flush with plenty of
water. If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce
vomiting.
Ambient temp. Inert atmosphere not required. Stable during transportation.
Fire fighting and First aid measures
Avoid contact with liquid, solid, vapor and dust. Keep people away. Stop discharge if possible.
Flood discharge area with water. Wear rubber gloves and over clothing. Ingestion: Give water
and milk; Do not induce vomiting
Eyes: Flesh with water at once for at least 15 min.
Skin: Flush with water, then rinse with dilute vinegar call for medical aid.
SODIUM AZ1DE:
Physical and chemical Properties
It is white and odorless powder,

M.P. = 275°C. Soluble in water.
Sp. Gravity = 1.85 at 20°C (Solid)
It is chemically stable under normal ambient conditions.
Decomposes at 275 - 300°C
It reacts with water violently at this temperature.
Molecular formula / weight = N3Na/65.
Fire and explosion hazards
It is non-flammable powder and can explode when exposed to heat or flame.
Decomposed products are nitrogen oxides and hydrozoic acid, which are hazardous.
Health Hazards
Eye: Causes irritation.
93
Skin: Causes irritation. May be fatal if absorbed through skin as the substance gets
absorbed rapidly through skin.
Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea,
vomiting and uthoriz. The chemical gets rapidly absorbed through the digestive tract.
Inhalation: May be fatal. Dust irritates the respiratory tract. Other effects are similar to in
ingestion
Chronic: Chronic inhalation and ingestion effects are similar to those of acute inhalation
and ingestion.
TLV : 0.1 ppm.
Storage and handling: The containers are steel/HDPE drums with PE liners tightly closed.
Stores in steel / HDPE drums with P.E. liners away from water heat and flame. Wash the
contaminated parts of the body thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated
clothing and wash them before reuse. Do not expose the eyes, skin or clothing to the
dust. Do not ingest or inhale. Use adequate, local and exhaust ventilation to keep
airborne concentrations below exposure limits.
Fire fighting and first aid measures
Use water fog, dry chemical powder, CO2 or alcohol foam extinguishing media to put off
fires. Use approved SCBA in pressure demand with protective gear, while handling fire.
Eyes: Immediately flush the eyes with plenty of water, with eyelids wide open
occasionally, for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid.
Skin: Immediately flush the affected skin with plenty of soap and water, after removing
the contaminated clothing and shoes, for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid
immediately.
Ingestion: If victim is conscious, give 2-4 cups of milk or water. Get immediate medical
aid.
Inhalation, remove quickly the victim from exposure to fresh air. If not breathing, give
artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Actions are
critical and hence should be sequential, fast and correct in order to save the victims.
94
SULPHURIC ACID:
Oily liquid, colorless, odorless.
Sinks and mixes violently with water, irritating mist is produced.
Molecular formula / weight = H2SO4/98.08
B.P. = 340°C
Sp.gr. = 1.84 at 200C (Liquid), Heat of solution = - 232.2 Cal/g

It is not flammable. Flammable gas may be produced on contact with metals. Poisonous gas may
be produced in fire. No explosion hazard.
Health Hazards
TLV = 1 mg/ m3. Short term inhalation limit = 10 mg/M3 for 5 mts. Odor threshold > 1mg/M3
IDLH 80 mg/M3
Eye: Burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush
affected areas with plenty of water.
If in eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with plenty of water. If swallowed and victim is conscious,
have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting.
Inhalation: Observe victim for delayed pulmonary reaction.
Ingestion : have victim drink water if possible; dot not induce vomiting.
Eyes & Skin : Wash with large amounts of water for at least 15 min; do not use oils or ointment
in eyes ; treat skin burns.
Skin: Skin contact may cause irritation.

Stable during transportation.
Poisonous gas may be produced in fire. Do not use water on adjacent fires.
Extinguish with dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
95
T-BUTYL METHYL ETHER:

Odor: Pungent. Irritating (Strong)
Color: Colorless to light yellow. pH (1% soln/water): Acidic.
Boiling Point: 108.58 C @ 760 mm Hg (for 20.22% HCI in water) 83 C @ 760 mm Hg (for 31%
HCI in water) 50.5 C (for 37% HCI in water)
Melting Point: -62.25°C (-80°F) (20.69% HCI in water) -46.2 C (31.24% HCI in water) -25.4 C
(39.17% HCI in water)

Specific Gravity: 1.1- 1.19 (Water = 1) 1.10 (20%and 22% HCI solutions) 1.12 (24% HCI solution)
1.15 (29.57% HCI solution) 1.16 (32% HCI solution) 1.19 (37% and 38%HCI solutions)
Vapor Pressure: 16 kPa (@ 20°C) average; Vapor Density: 1.267 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 0.25 to 10 ppm

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether.
Solubility: Soluble in cold water, hot water, diethyl ether.
Appearance: clear, colorless liquid. Flash Point: -28 deg C.
Danger! Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Vapor may cause flash fire. Causes eye, skin, and
respiratory tract irritation. Aspiration hazard if swallowed. Can enter lungs and cause damage.
May cause central nervous system depression.
Target Organs: Kidneys, central nervous system, reproductive system.
Health Hazards
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's
eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Chemical-resistant nitrile
rubber gloves should be worn during routine handling. Disposable nitrile gloves may be
suggested for intermittent use. PVC, Neoprene, Viton, Butyl or natural rubber are NOT
recommended.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European
Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if
exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.
96
"r*
! Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II.

Precautions: Keep locked up. Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/
vapor/spray. Never add water to this product.
respiratory equipment.
(
If

General Information: As in any fire,
-18.40 deg
Auto ignition Temperature: 224 deg
Explosion Limits, Lower:1.6%
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty

upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
F)
C (
wear
In case
a self-contained breathing
demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Combustion

generates toxic fumes. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Containers may
explode in the heat of a fire. May form explosive peroxides. Extremely flammable liquid and
vapor. Vapor may cause flash fire. This liquid floats on water and may travel to a source of
ignition and spread fire.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Water may be ineffective.
This material is
435.20 deg
Upper: 15.1%
NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 2; Flammability: 3; Instability:
Skin: Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of

removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
F)
of water for at least 15

1
HARA Report
of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable

ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or
the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such
agents, organic materials, metals, alkalis, moisture. May corrode metallic surfaces. Store in a
metallic or coated fiberboard drum using a strong polyethylene inner package.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.
as oxidizing
apparatus in pressure
lighter than water and insoluble in water. The fire could easily be spread by the
use of water in an area where the water cannot be contained. Use water spray, dry chemical,
carbon dioxide, or chemical foam. Do NOT use straight streams of water.
Flash Point: -28 deg C
minutes, occasionally lifting the
water for at least
Ingestion: Possible aspiration hazard. Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT induce vomiting.
conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air
immediately. If breathing is
15 minutes while
difficult, give oxygen. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If
97
If
breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device
such as a bag and a mask.
Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively.
TETRAHYDROFURAN:
Colorless liquid with faint fruity odor.
Floats and mixes with water. Flammable, irritating vapour produced.
B.P. = 66° C, Freezing Point = -108.5°C
Heavier than air Sp. gr. = 0.888 at 20°C (Liquid)

Heat of Combustion: - 8330 Cal /g
Molecular formula / Weight = CH2CH2CH2CH2- 0/72.10
Flammable vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Flash back along vapor
trail may occur. Flash point = 6 °F CC; -4°F 0.0
LEL = 1.8%; UEL = 11.8%.
Health Hazards
TLV = 200 ppm.
Short term in halation limit: 500 ppm for 30 min._Vapours cause a slight smarting of the
eyes or respiratory system if present in high concentration. The effect is temporary.
Spillage on clothing may cause smarting or reddening of the skin.
Odor threshold = 20 - 50 ppm.
Store temperature: Ambient, inert Atmosphere, padded.
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures Flammable. Stop discharge if possible. Keep people
away. Avoid contact with liquid and vapour. Call for fire department. Stay upwind and
use Behavior in Fire: May explode. Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable
distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Foam, dry chemical and CO2 are used.
Water may be ineffective in fire. Cool exposed contents with water.
98
TOLUENE:
It is watery and colour less liquid with benzene like pleasant odor.
It is insoluble in water and hence floats on it.
Soluble in alcohol, acetone, CS2 and acetic acid.
B.P. = 110.6°C Freezing Point = -95°C,
Sp.gr. = 0.867 at 20°C (Liquid) Heat of combustion = -9,686 cal/g.

No reaction with water. Stable during transport.
Molecular formula = C6H5CH3 Molecular weight = 92.14
It is flammable.
Flash Point = - 12.8°C (OC) ignition temp.=536°C
Vapour density = 3.14 (Air = 1.0)

May travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Vapor may
explode if ignited in an enclosed area.

LEL = 1.27% UEL = 7.0%
Health Hazards
TLV = 100 ppm. Short tem inhalation limit = 600 ppm For 30 mts.
Late toxicity: Kidney and lever damage may follow by ingestion. Vapours cause a slight
smarting of the eyes or respiratory system temporarily if present in high concentration.
Skin contact may cause smarting and reddening of the skin. Eyes: Causes irritation.
Odor threshold = 0.17 ppm.
IDLH = 2000 ppm.
Handling and Storage: Protect steel drum containers against physical damage. Isolated /
detached storage in preferable. Indoor storage should be in a standard liquid storage
room. Storage can be at ambient temp. Without inert atmosphere. Wear chemical
goggles, chemical cartridge respirator or SCBA and rubber hand gloves as the situation
demands.
99
Fire Fighting and First Aid Measures: Call for fire department. Stop discharge if possible.
Keep people away. Shut off ignition sources. Stay upwind and use water spray to knock
down vapours. Water is ineffective on fire. Use dry chemical, foam CO2 extinguishers.
Cool exposed containers with water.
Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing and shoes and flush the affected body with soap
and plenty of water.
Inhalation: If inhaled remove the victim to fresh air immediately and keep him warm and
quiet. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration immediately. Call for medical
help.
Eye: Flush the affected eyes with plenty of water keeping eyelids occasionally open.
Ingestion: If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce
vomiting. If under full unconscious, remove from site to fresh air. Keep him warm and quiet
under a breeze of fresh air till doctor attends.
TRI ETHYL AMINE:

Physical & Chemical Properties
Colorless liquid with strong ammonia like odour. Sparingly soluble in water at above
18.7°C.
Mol. Formula: (C2H5)3 N, Mol. Wt.: 101.19.
Sp.gr.: 0.725 at 20°C (Liquid).
M.P. = -115 °C, B.P. = 89 to 90 °C
Fire & Explosion Hazards

F.P. = -6.67 °C , LEL = 1.2 %, UEL = 8 %
Flammable vapour may explode if ignited in enclosed area. Vapour travels upto the
source of ignition and can flash back.
Heat of combustion = - 9466 kcal/kg
Health Hazards
TLV = 10 ppm TDL orl - rat LD50 = 460 mg/kg
Skn-rbt LD50 = 570 mg/kg
Attacks skin & vapour affects respiratory system and mucous membrane.
100
El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El II
IDLH = 1000 ppm

Vapours irritate nose, throat, lungs and cause eye burns, skin burns etc. liquid causes
smarting of skin making first degree burns on short exposure & 2nd degree burns on long
exposure.
Handling & Storage
Store in a cool place at ambient temp. Keep close the container. Use air supplied mask,
goggles, face shield & rubber gloves.
Fire Fighting & First Aid measures

Water is not effective.
Use DCP, CO2 & alcohol foam for large fires. Keep the container cool with water spray if
exposed to nearby fire.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. If breathing difficult give artificial respiration or oxygen.
Ingestion: Induce vomiting if unconscious. If eyes or skin affected, flush with water for 30
mts. Call for medical aid.
TRI METHYL AMINE:

Molecular weight 59 Melting point -117 °C Boiling point 3 °C
Critical temperature 160 °C

Relative density, gas 2 (air=1) Relative density, liquid 0.65 (water=1)
Vapour Pressure 20°C 1.9 bar Solubility mg/I water Hydrolyses.
Appearance/Colour Colourless gas Odour Rotten fish/Ammoniacal
Odour can persist.
Auto ignition temperature 190 °C ; Flammability range 2-11.6 vol% in air.
Other data Gas / vapour heavier than air. May accumulate in confined spaces, particularly at or
below ground level.
FLASH POINT (Method Used): 8 to 18°F (-13 to -8°C) Closed cup
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS OR PRECAUTIONS: (Continued) Always secure cylinders in an
upright position before transporting them. NEVER transport cylinders in trunks of vehicles,
101
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enclosed vans, truck cabs or in passenger compartments. Transport cylinders secured in open
flatbed or in open pick-up type vehicles. Reporting under SARA, Title III, Section 313 not
required.
NFPA 704 NO. for trimethylamine = 3 4 0 None
Health Hazards
TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: (Continued)
Trimethylamine is not listed in the IARC, NTP or by OSHA as a carcinogen or potential
carcinogen. Persons in ill health where such illness would be aggravated by exposure to
trimethylamine should not be allowed to work with or handle this product.
Eye Contact: PERSONS WITH POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO TRIMETHYLAMINE SHOULD NOT
WEAR CONTACT LENSES.

Flush contaminated eye(s) with copious quantities of water. Part eyelids with fingers to assure
complete flushing. Continue for minimum of 15 minutes.
Skin Contact: Flush affected areas with copious quantities of water. Remove affected clothing as
rapidly as possible. A physician should see the patient and be informed that the "burn" was
caused by an alkaline solution. A weak (1-2%) acetic acid solution or vinegar may be used as a
counteracting.
Handling and storage Ensure equipment is adequately earthed. Suck back of water into the
container must be prevented. Purge air from system before introducing gas. Do not allow
backfeed into the container. Use only properly specified equipment which is suitable for this
product, its supply pressure and temperature. Contact your gas supplier if in doubt. Keep away
from ignition sources (including static discharges). Segregate from oxidant gases and other
oxidants in store. Refer to supplier's container handling instructions. Keep container below 50°C
in a well ventilated place.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Severe fire hazard. Moderate explosion hazard. The vapor is
heavier than air. Vapors or gases may ignite at distant ignition sources and flash back. Vapor/air
mixtures are explosive above flash point. Containers may rupture or explode if exposed to heat.
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: carbon dioxide, regular dry chemical
Large fires: Use regular foam or flood with fine water spray.
FIRE FIGHTING: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool containers
with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of tanks. For fires in
cargo or storage area: If this is impossible then take the following precautions: Keep unnecessary
102
people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Let the fire burn. Withdraw immediately in
case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tanks due to fire. For tank,
rail car or tank truck: Let burn unless leak can be stopped immediately. For smaller tanks or
cylinders, extinguish and isolate from other flammables. Evacuation radius: 800 meters (1/2 mile).
Do not attempt to extinguish fire unless flow of material can be stopped first. Flood with fine
water spray. Cool containers with water. Apply water from a protected location or from a safe
distance. Avoid inhalation of material or combustion by-products. Stay upwind and keep out of
low areas. Stop flow of gas. flash point: 10 f (-12 c) (cc) lower flammable limit:2.0%; upper
flammable limit: 11.6%; autoignition: 374 f (190 c)
hazardous combustion products: Thermal decomposition products or combustion: ammonia,

oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen.
INHALATION: If adverse effects occur, remove to uncontaminated area. Give artificial

respiration if not breathing. If breathing is difficult, oxygen should be administered by qualified
personnel. Get immediate medical attention.
SKIN CONTACT: Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes. Get immediate medical attention. Thoroughly clean and dry
contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes.
EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get
INGESTION: If swallowed, drink plenty of water, do NOT induce vomiting. Get immediate
medical attention.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: For inhalation, consider oxygen. Avoid gastric lavage or emesis.
Hazardous Solvents / Chemicals Storage:

The hazardous Solvents / Chemicals, which are used / stored in the production of drugs, are small
in quantities and are below the threshold quantities wherever applicable. These chemicals are
stored in different ways as per requirement in the proposed plant as mentioned below.
Underground Solvent Storage tanks
Hazardous Solvents viz. Acetone, Ethyl acetate, IPA, Methanol, Methylene dichloride, n-
Heptane, Petroleum ether, Tetra hydrofuran, Toluene will be stored in bulk in underground
storage tanks of 25/30 KL each in solvent storage yard.
103
Liquid Raw Materials and other solvents Storage in above ground Tanks
Some solvents viz. Acetic acid, Chloroform, Ethanol and Butyl methyl ether will be in
above ground tanks. These tanks shall be provided with necessary dyke enclosures to contain
leakages/spillages.
Some solvents / liquid chemicals storage in drums.

Some solvents/liquid chemicals will be stored in drums of HDPE / GI of 200 Litres or in
smaller containers viz. carbouys in sheds built with structural steel, with covered roof and open
on all the four sides, category wise with name board and with a gap separating each category.
Acids and Alkali Storage

Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid and Acetic acid are stored in above ground tanks.
These tanks shall be provided with suitable dyke enclosures to contain leakages / spillages. The
potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are stored in HDPE in 50 kg bags in storage shed.
Road Tanker Decantation
The solvent Chemicals which are required in bulk quantities in the plant are transported
by vendors by road tankers of maximum 20 KL capacity. The road tanker is parked near the
storage tanks and decanted into the storage tanks. Any leakage of the Hazardous chemical
during decantation, if not contained, may spread around the area stagnating/making small pools
and may catch fire if it meets any source of ignition. The thermal radiation due to such pool fires
may cause various degrees of burns or may affect exposed equipment and structurals and the
nearby personnel. It is therefore essential to take all possible precautions to eliminate spillage and
leakage during decantation and also if any spillage or leakage occurs due to unavoidable
circumstances, it should not cause a hazardous situation.
It is therefore, suggested that the road tanker where it will be stationed for decantation, a
proper hard pad is made suitably covering the entire road tanker with proper slopes and a kerb
all around the pad so that the leakage/spillage is contained within a kerbed area and quickly
diverted away from the pad to the far off sump, from which it can be recovered. Proper earthing
of the tanker to prevent static electricity generation and other precautions shall be ensured during
decantation of the tanker. Catastrophic failure and BLEVE for road tanker are very unlikely
events.
Hazard Scenarios of selected Raw materials /solvents and Risk Contours
The hazards due to flammable liquids and gases are due to leakages, spillages and emissions.
Leakages, spillages and emissions cannot be totally ruled out in spite of the best care and
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0. Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report
precautions taken to prevent them. The consequences of such emissions, resulting in a fire or
otherwise have been modeled mathematically to study their impact on the environment for
some typical solvents/Chemicals stored in tanks/drums/cylinders and transported in the plant by
pipe lines as mentioned below. The mathematical consequence models have been worked out
using `DNV's software PHAST SAFETI'.
Underground Storage Tanks for solvents
Hazardous Solvents viz. Acetone, Ethyl acetate, IPA, Methanol, Methylene dichloride, n-
Heptane, Petroleum ether, Tetra hydro furan, Toluene will be stored in bulk in underground
storage tanks of 25 / 30 KL each in solvent storage yard. The U/G tanks provide intrinsically safe
environment thus minimizing/eliminating the hazards due to fire.
Above ground storage Tanks for liquid Raw Materials and for some solvents
Some solvents which are flammable viz. Acetic acid, Chloroform, Ethanol and Butyl
methyl ether are stored in above ground vertical cone roof tanks of different capacities. These
tanks will be provided with necessary dyke enclosures to contain leakages/spillages.
Some solvents and raw materials which are stored in drums of HDPE/GI of 200 litres. Leaks due
to failure of gaskets in pipeline transporting chemicals/ solvents.
Hydrogen gas cylinder burst:
Possible hazards due to leakage/spillages of flammable solvent chemicals stored in above ground
storage tanks.
Pool Fire
Scenarios of failure of 2 flammable above ground solvent storage tank and spillage of the
total contents in different solvents/R.M storage yard areas which made a pool in the dyke
enclosure of the tank and caught fire has been assumed for Risk analysis. The consequences are
modeled for acetic acid, and Ethyl Alcohol. However, the assumption that all spills and leaks
would ultimately result in a fire is highly improbable and the risk analysis conducted on the basis
of this assumption may be taken as an academic exercise to highlight the potential dangers and to
stress the importance of fire prevention and containment of the spills and leading the spills to a
far off safer place.
(a) Event: Spillage of the total contents of Storage tanks of maximum capacity of acetic acid
(10KI) and Ethyl alcohol (15KI).
105
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(b) Model: The spilled liquid forms a pool in the dyke enclosure of the tank and results in a
pool fire.
The consequences of the pool fire due to failure of the storage tank of Acetic acid and Ethyl
Alcohol are tabulated below.
Model 1 Model 4
S. No. Consequence of Pool Fire
Ethyl Alcohol Acetic Acid
1 Pool radius (m) 4.55 4.55
2 Flame height (m) 10.40 9.13
3 Distance thermal radiation, 37.5 4.72 - --
kw/ m2 zone(m)
4 Distance thermal radiation, 12.5 8.18 5.16

kw/ m2zone(m)
5 Distance thermal radiation, 4.0 14.47 9.12
kw/ m2 zone (m)
Plume Dispersion and Vapour Cloud Explosion

Spilled liquid of these solvents would partly vaporise at rates depending upon the
atmospheric temperature, wind velocity, area of containment (surface area) and other such
factors. The released vapours disperse and mix with air as they travel in the direction of
prevailing wind (Plume Dispersion). If the vapour cloud so formed, while still above the lower
explosive limit (LEL) of 5.4% for Acetic acid and 3.3% for Ethyl alcohol comes in contact with a
source of ignition, a vapour cloud explosion can occur with consequential damage due to
over pressure. However, in view of the close control and supervision exercised by M/s
Almelo Chemicals Pvt Ltd Unit - II Sciences during the course of operations, the possibility of such
an event occurring is considered very unlikely.
However, if the inflammable vapour cloud extends beyond the Factory limits, the
possibility of explosion due to external sources of ignition cannot be ruled out altogether as it is
beyond the control limits of Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II Sciences. Mathematical models have been
worked out for finding out the possibility of the formation of inflammable vapour cloud within
the factory premises and extending beyond the Factory limits following spillage or loss of
containment of these solvents that does not catch fire immediately by Plume dispersion
modeling.
106
II=
The results for plume dispersion modeling the Acetic acid and Ethyl alcohol in the present
circumstances indicate that the concentration of the vapour formed will not reach the flammable
limits at the ground level.
Hazards due to failure of solvent drums of 200 L and spillage of the total contents
of the drum:
Pool Fire:
Scenarios of failure of 2 types of flammable solvents viz. stored in drums of 200 L each
and spillage of the total contents of solvents which formed an Unbunded pool and the pool
restricted to an assumed area of 30 m2 and pools caught fire has been assumed for Risk analysis.
The consequences are modeled for the failure of storage drums for n-Hexane and o-Xylene.
These solvent drums are selected as they are considered to cause the maximum and minimum risk
scenarios. However, the assumption that all spills and leaks would ultimately result in a fire is
highly improbable and the risk analysis conducted on the basis of this assumption may be taken
as an academic exercise to highlight the potential dangers and to stress the importance of fire
prevention and containment of the spills and leading the spills to a far off safer place.
The consequences of the pool fire for the above solvents for Unbunded fires and the pool
area restricted to 30 (6x5) m2 by way of providing kerbs in the drum storage area/warehouse are
tabulated for comparison.
Plume Dispersion and Vapour Cloud Explosion:
Spilled liquid of these solvents if they do not catch fire would partly vaporise at rates
depending upon the atmospheric temperature, wind velocity, area of containment (surface area)
and other such factors. The released vapours disperse and mix with air as they travel in the
direction of prevailing wind (Plume Dispersion). If the vapour cloud so formed, while still at
above the lower explosive limit (LEL) comes in contact with a source of ignition, a vapour cloud
explosion can occur with consequential damage due to over pressure. However, in view of the
close control and supervision exercised by SKRC during the course of operations, the possibility
of such an event occurring is considered to be very unlikely.
However, if the inflammable vapour cloud extends beyond the Factory limits, the
possibility of explosion altogether due to external sources of ignition cannot be ruled out
altogether as it is beyond the control limits of the SKRC. Mathematical models have been worked
107
out for finding out the possibility of the formation of inflammable vapour cloud within the
factory premises and extending beyond the Factory limits following spillage of failure of these
solvents drums that do not catch fire immediately, by Plume dispersion modeling and are
tabulated below:
The results of analysis for pool fire and plume dispersion/vapour cloud explosion are tabulated
below:
DESCRIPTION OF SOLVENT DRUM
HAZARD n-Hexane Xylene(Ortho)
ANALYSIS Model Model
7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 13
Pool Fire A B A B
- Flame height(m) 29.83 18.12 27.14 14.69
Distance to
Thermal radiation
- 37.5 kw/m2 zone(m) 15.58 8.40 14.53 6.77
- 12.5 kw/m2 zone(m) 26.98 14.55 25.16 11.73
Plume Dispersion
Inflammable Zone
- Down wind distance (m). 10.83 0.0 0.0 0.0
- Cross wind distance(m). 0.96 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vapour Cloud
Explosion
Blast Effects Zones
- Heavy damage, (m). 8.30 0.00 0.0 0.0
- Repairable damage( m). 16.59 0.00 0.0 0.0
Note: A= Unbunded pool

B= Assumed Bunded 6m X 5m (30 m2) pool area.
108
M.=
M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.
The models above for pool fires, plume dispersions & vapour cloud explosions have been
specifically analysed for unbunded and bunded categories to demonstrate the beneficial effects of
containment of spills which reduce the distances of thermal radiation effects & consequent
damages and the possibilities of vapour cloud explosion from leaks and spills involving damages
to the different solvent drums.
It could be seen from the above analysis that the thermal radiation affected zone is
drastically reduced if leaks/spills are contained within limited area by way of kerbs, collection
sumps etc. It is therefore essential to restrict the spread of leakages/spillages of flammable/toxic
solvents to minimize the damage due to pool fires and to avoid vapour cloud explosions.
Solvent leaks due to failure of gaskets in pipeline:
The Pump discharge lines from solvent storage tanks in the tank farm to holding tanks in
the manufacturing blocks are considered. The typical line size considered is one and half inches of
NB. The gasket failure is considered to be between 2 bolts of the flange. The consequences are
modeled for n-Hexane and Methyl alcohol as they are considered to cover the maximum and
minimum risk scenarios.
The results of analysis for pool fire and plume dispersion/vapour cloud explosion are tabulated
below:
DESCRIPTION OF SOLVENT LINE
HAZARD
n-Hexane Methyl Alcohol
ANALYSIS Model Models
14, 15, 16, 17 18, 19, 20, 21
Pool Fires
- Flame Height (m) 13.11 8.32
- 37.5Kw/m2 Radiation Zone (m) 5.63 - --
- 12.5Kw/m2 Radiation Zone (m) 9.76 6.14

Plume Dispersion
Inflammable Zone
- Down wind distance (m) 0.00 0.00
- Cross wind distance (m) 0.00 0.00
Vapour Cloud Explosion
Blast Effects Zones
- Heavy damage (m) 0.00 0.00

- Repairable damage (m) 0.00 0.00
109
The consequences of pool fires under the above circumstances are confined to the area
concerned. However, the flange leakages shall be stopped immediately, by stopping the transfer
of solvents or closing the respective isolation valves.
The Pump discharge line from holding tanks to reactors in the Manufacturing Blocks are
considered. The typical line size considered is 1" n.b. The flange leak considered is failure of
gasket between 2 bolts of the flange.
The results of analysis for pool fire and plume dispersion / vapour cloud explosion are
tabulated below:
DESCRIPTION OF SOLVENT LINE
HAZARD n-Hexane Methyl Alcohol

ANALYSIS Model Models
22, 23, 24, 25 26, 27, 28, 29
Pool Fires
- Flame Height (m) 10.57 6.69
- 37.5Kw/m2 Radiation Zone 4.32 --
(m)
- 12.5Kw/m2 Radiation Zone 7.48 4.66
(m)
Plume Dispersion
Inflammable Zone
- Down wind distance (m) 0.00 0.00
- Cross wind distance (m) 0.00 0.00
Vapour Cloud Explosion
Blast Effects Zones
- Heavy damage (m) 0.00 0.00
- Repairable damage (m) 0.00 0.00
110
The consequences of pool fires under the above circumstances are confined to the area
concerned. However, the flange leakages shall be stopped immediately, by stopping the transfer
of solvents after closing the respective isolation valves.
Hydrogen gas cylinder burst:
It is assumed that the Hydrogen gas cylinder has burst due to exposure to external heat
radiation and the released hydrogen caught fire Model (No.30). Each hydrogen cylinder contains
47.5 Ltrs or 588 grams of hydrogen.
Risk: Vapour Cloud Explosion:
The consequences of the scenario are mathematically modeledand the result is
summarized below:
Data used: Case
Flammable mass (Kg) 1.00
Yield Factor 0.11
Distance to Heavy Damage Zone (m) 7.1
Distance to Repairable Damage Zone (m) 14.3
Distance to major glass damage (m) 35.6
Max distance to 10% glass damage (m) 95.0
Recommendations:
The hydrogen battery of cylinders shall be properly secured by chain to prevent falling
down and getting damaged. The cylinder isolation valves are tightly closed and capped. Sources
of ignition shall be eliminated. The leakages in the area shall be periodically checked and
eliminated.
111
Fire Risk:
It can be seen from the results of the summary of the Risk Analysis study, the high
intensity radiation zone (37.5 kw/cm2), which is likely to cause serious damage to life and
property, is limited to the areas concerned and are well within the plant boundary.
In any case, in view of the close attention and supervision available during the working
hours, it can be safely assumed that leaks and spills, if any, would be detected and stopped from
time to time. Containment measures are taken within a short time of one min. or two of such an
occurrence.
Risk Contours:
The Risk contours for the pool fire of the hazardous chemical, n-Hexane 200 L drum
total failure in solvent tank farm have been drawn on the Site Layout plan (
Consequences:
The 37.5 kw/m2 and also 12.5 kW /m2 thermal radiation zones are within the plant area
and are well within the boundaries of Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II Sciences.
112
PROCESS SAFETY
M/s. Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II Sciences has proposed to manufacture a total of 70 Bulk
Drugs and intermediates on Campaign basis.
List of Products with their Production Capacity and Therapeutic use: List of Products with
their Production Capacity and Therapeutic use Table:
SI.
Product Name Quantity Therapeutic Category
No. (TPA)


113
M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.U.M.M.M.M.M.M,M,M.M.M.M
SI. Quantity
No. (TPA)

Trihydrate
8
Monohydrate
114
SI. Quantity
No. (TPA)

Monohydrate

Monohydrate
708
The infrastructure will be designed to manufacture all the above 70 proposed products on
Campaign basis (any 9 products will be manufacture at a time).
115
The Reactors configuration is the same for all products. All acidic reaction mixtures are handled in
Glass Lined Reactors (GLR). All reactors will be provided with Safety valves and Rupture discs.
Many of the API's manufactured here involve reactions which belong to the classes of
Condensation
Amination
Chemical Synthesis
Extraction
Decanting
Centrifugation
Filtration
Crystalization
Purification
Drying
Bulk Manufacturing
Methylation
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
Salt formation and Purification
Such reaction types are generally not highly exothermic
Small exotherms involved are easily controlled by adjusting rate of addition of reactants
or by jacket cooling.
Other more vigorous reactions involved are catalytic hydrogenation, oxidation,
chlorination, Acetylation, nitration, sulphonation, Azidation, Acylation, Reduction and
Bromination. They are also controlled by controlling the rate of jacket cooling/heating and
controlled addition of one of the reactants. Automation together with audio visual alarms will be
provided for control of the reactor temperature at a specified desired temperature by providing
control valves to regulate the flow of jacket cooling medium or addition of any of the reactant
chemical.
The explosive hazards associated with hydrogen are well-known. Depressurization of
residual hydrogen from Reactor after hydrogenation is completed has to be done very carefully
and shall be vented above the height of the building roof. It is suggested to test the area near the
vent for presence of Hydrogen in the flammable range. If it is in the flammable range,
116
precautions may be taken to dilute it with nitrogen during the period of hydrogen venting. There
should be a constant lookout for any leakage of hydrogen.
The staff shall be properly trained to handle the hazardous chemicals and to meet any
emergency situation. The static electricity problems during transport or loading / unloading or
centrifuge of slurries involving non-conducting solvents shall be taken care of by proper earthing
precautions.
General Observations:
Reaction temp. Range (-) 20 to 130° C
Pressure Hydrogenation only is carried at 2.0 kg/cm2
Exotherms Not high - easily controlled
Pressure build-up Nil
Hazardous chemicals / solvents used:

Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Ammonium Hydroxide (25 %)
Ammonium per Sulphate
Cumen Hydro Peroxide
Ethanol Amine
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylene Dichloride
Ethanol Amene
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen peroxide (50%)
Hydrochloric Acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Hexane
pyridine
117
.
Sulphuric Acid
Iso propyl Alcohol
Tetra Hydro Furan
Liq. Ammonia (20%),
Sulphonyl Chloride
Methylene Dichloride
Nitric Acid
Potassium Hydroxide
Toluene, Triethylamine
Ether
Gaseous emissions : HCI, CO2, ft, NH3, SO2, Solvent Vapour, Boiler flue gas.
Effluent contamination : Small amounts of starting raw materials, intermediates and
products and dissolved solvents in aqueous effluent.
Solid waste : Spent Carbon / Boiler Ash, Organic Residue, Inorganic ETP
Sludge, Distilation bottom residues etc. The type of reactions involved and the safety
precautions suggested for the manufacture of the products are given below:
118
OBSERVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

General
M/s. Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II Sciences has planned to construct a well-designed, well-
maintained, clean and green plant. Excellent systems will be set up for achieving reproducible
quality and quantity of products.
A total of 70 products, are proposed to be manufactured. All these products are one or
more stage processes. Most of the stages consist of either purification or salt formation etc.,
and there are no hazards involved with such stages.
The quantity of raw materials involved in the reactions and the products produced will
also be small in quantity and are below the threshold quantities. As such, the fire/explosion
risks involved are not much significant. The exothermicity involved in the reactions will easily
be handled either by controlled charging of one of the reactants or by controlled jacket
quenching by providing control valves suitably.
Generation of static electricity will be involved during the transport of solvents in
pipelines or centrifuging of the slurries containing the solvents. All steps shall be taken to
discharge the static electricity generated, if any, during the production steps and other related
jobs. The Risk Analysis study indicates that both the 37.5 Kw/m2 and 12.5 Kw/m2 thermal
radiation zones are well within the proposed plant boundary.
For proper and adequate hazard identification, complete Process Design Basis including
Heat and Material Balance needs to be maintained. In event of a release scenario in one
plant, there are potential impacts on neighboring plants / facilities; therefore, an exhaustive
layout review needs to be taken into account. This should target at possible reduction of the
impact or likelihood of domino effects.
+ In production blocks flammable vapours may be present, so stringent precautions are
taken to prevent ignition by eliminating / containing source of ignition. Source of ignition
119
may include open flames, lightening, smoking, cutting and welding operations, lighting /
hot surfaces, frictional heat, sparks (static, electrical and mechanical), spontaneous and
radiant heat.
+ Use of mechanical equipment and tools that can generate sparks in operation should be
avoided within the process areas.

+ Ensure strict implementation of 'NO SMOKING' and 'NO MOBILE' at the facility to
minimize ignition chances. The vehicles entering inside the plant should be ensured to be
fitted with flame arrestors.
+ During unloading of various solvents, proper grounding of the road tankers to be
ensured.
+ Emergency procedures should be well rehearsed and state of readiness to be achieved.

Underground Storage
+ Underground tanks are proposed for the storage of hazardous solvents used in bulk. The
U/G tanks provide intrinsically safe environment and eliminate the possibility of a `BLEVE'
and hence there is no possible Domino Effect. These underground tanks have to be
fabricated as per IS/BS specifications and shall be approved by Chief controller of
explosives. Each tank has a capacity of 25/30 KL.
+ Tanks layout, civil works and erection shall be as per relevant approved standards.
+ The ends of the vent pipes of U/G tanks shall be properly secured & fitted with flame
arresters and shall be protected from rain by hood and by suitably bending it downward.
+ Anchoring of the tanks shall be properly done to overcome the upward thrust due to
water table
+ Solvents viz. Acetone, Ethyl acetate, IPA, Methanol, Methylene dichloride, n-Heptane,
Petroleum ether, Tetra hydro furan, Toluene will be stored in bulk in underground
storage tanks of 25/30 KL each in solvent storage yard.
Electrical bonding for solvents pipelines across the flanges etc. and earthing shall be
provided to prevent accumulation of static electricity, which is one of the most possible
sources of ignition.
+ All the tanks shall be properly earthed.
+ Flame-proof motors and electrical fittings shall be provided as per the area code.
120
Liquid Raw Materials and other solvents Storage

Above Ground Storage Tanks
The liquid raw materials and other solvents viz. Acetic acid, Chloroform, Ethanol and
Butyl methyl ether will be stored in above ground tanks. shall be clearly visible. These
tanks will be provided with necessary enclosures restrict entry to this area
Storage of chemicals / Solvents in drums
Other solvents/chemicals will be stored in drums of HDPE / GI of 200 Litres in sheds built
with structural steel, covered roof and open on all the four sides, category wise with
name board and with a gap separating each category.
It is recommended that the flooring of the shed shall be properly sloped towards the
respective sides. A suitable covered trench shall be made all along these sides, with
proper slopes such that any spillage anywhere in the shed is led to one corner of the shed
with a suitable sump outside the storage shed. The suggested outside sump shall be
located at a safer distance from the storage sheds and provided with a hood with
ventilation. The purpose of this arrangement is that any leakage from the solvent drums
will not make a pool in the storage shed but will be led away to an outside sump for
recovery / disposal to reduce the fire hazard.
The drum storage floor area may preferably be made of least porous concrete so that the
raw material if leaks, will not be absorbed in the floor and will be led to the trench and
then to the outside sump at a safer distance, thus reducing the fire hazard potential.
In the storage shed each category of raw material will be stored at the designated place
and the name of the raw material shall be painted and shall be clearly visible. Each drum /
container also shall be properly labeled indicating the name of chemical and its
properties. Utmost care shall be taken to avoid mixing of drums of different chemicals
such that the drum contains only the designated material.
Display clearly on caution board, the hazardous nature of the solvents/ raw materials and
protective gear to be used while handling these solvents.
Display 'NO SMOKING' board in solvent yard and strictly comply with the same.
First aid fire extinguishers may be provided at suitable places.
All electrical fittings will be of flame-proof type as per area code.

Solvent storage yard shall be provided with lightning arrestor.
Solvent storage yard shall be provided with fire hydrant system.
121
Acids and Alkali Storage

+ Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid is stored in above ground tanks.
+ These tanks shall be provided with suitable dyke enclosures to contain leakages/spillages.
+ The potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are stored in HDPE bags.
+ The flooring shall be made with acid-proof brick/tiles or epoxy-based coat to prevent
corrosive attack.
+ Acids and alkalis are corrosive chemicals and require to be handled by persons avoiding
contact with them. Personnel protective equipment like goggles, gloves, gum boots etc.
shall be strictly used.
Eye wash and safety shower may be provided.
+ Display clearly on a caution board the hazardous nature of the chemicals and protective
gear to be used while handling these chemicals. Also display the first aid actions on the
caution board.
finished Product Storage Room:
+ The storage room may be constructed with a passage (say about 10 ft.) in the middle. On
both sides of the passage, products will be stored category wise and with a partition wall
separating each category.
+ Each partition in the room shall store only one category of product. The name of the
product shall be painted and shall be clearly visible. Each drum/ container shall be labeled
both inside and outside the drum indicating the name of the chemical and its properties in
brief.
+ Display clearly on a caution board the hazardous nature of the APIs and protective gear
to be used while handling them.
+ All electrical and fittings shall be appropriate as per area code.
+ The workers and supervisors may be given proper training in handling hazardous
chemicals, use of safety gear and appropriate fire extinguishing medium.

+ Drums shall be stored as single height only and not stacked one over the other.
+ Non-sparking tools shall be used.
+ No Smoking boards will be displayed. It is to be enforced that any visitor or driver of any
vehicle shall deposit cigarettes, lighter or match box at the gate before entering the plant.
+ Drum trolleys will be used for transportation of drums.
122
+ The workers and supervisors may be given proper training in handling this hazardous
chemical, use of safety gear and use of appropriate fire extinguishing medium.
+ Clean and dry flooring shall be maintained.
General
+ Entry to be restricted to the authorized persons only.
Declare the plant as No-Smoking area & Display No-Smoking boards.
Proper and adequate fire extinguishers may be provided at vulnerable locations as per
requirement and promptly replaced as and when exhausted.
+ Wind sock may be provided preferably at the entrance gate and other high locations to
know the direction of wind. It shall be visible from all places in the plant.
+ M/s. Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II Sciences, Management shall attach utmost importance and
priority to safety, loss prevention, training and health of employees and concerned for
neighboring public. They shall have qualified, experienced and competent staff for the
operation and maintenance of plants producing similar drugs.
+ Color code for piping has to be followed.
+ Any truck allowed inside should be checked for spark arrestor at the entrance.
+ The inventory of raw materials and products shall be kept minimum to the extent
possible.
+ Any oil leakages should be isolated and attended immediately.
+ All precautions against Static Charges shall be taken. Conductive hoses shall be used while
loading/unloading the tankers for the Solvents. Proper earthing to be provided.
+ Adequate facilities shall be provided to handle any emergency and to mitigate the effects
of any possible accident, in spite of all the care taken to prevent the same.
Effluents
+ The liquid and gases effluents are proposed to be treated suitably to meet the statutory
norms. Solid waste will be disposed of to Authorized Agencies.
123
Occupational Health & Safety (OHS):

+ The manufacturing processes will be carried out in closed circuits eliminating the exposure
of plant personnel to hazardous chemicals. Strict vigilance will be kept for spotting any
leakage of hazardous chemicals and immediate steps will be taken to rectify the leakages.
+ The plant will be operated and maintained as per standard practices taking all safety
precautions.
A plan of pre-placement health check up and periodical health status evaluation of workers
withspecial reference to exposure to work environment will be prepared and strictly executed.
Sufficient funds will be allocated to meet the requirements.
Risk analysis calculations
CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAMMABLE MATERIALS
The major hazards from these types of materials may be fire and radiation, explosion. Fire and
explosion hazards depend on the range of flammable concentrations of the material in air among
all common gaseous fuels. Any spillage or loss of containment of heavier hydrocarbons may
create a highly flammable pool of liquid around the source of release. High entrainment of gas
phase in the liquid phase can lead to jet fires. If released at temperatures higher than the normal
boiling point they can flash significantly.
DAMAGE CRITERIA
In consequence, analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical
effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury,
material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three major
groups:
a) Determination of the source strength parameters;
b) Determination of the consequential effects;
c) Determination of the damage or damage distances.
124
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The basic physical effect models consist of the following:
Source Strength Parameters
Calculation of the outflow of liquid out of equipment or tank or pipe, in case of rupture.
Calculation, in case of liquid outflow, of the instantaneous flash evaporation and of the
dimensions of the remaining liquid pool.
Calculation of the evaporation rate, as a function of volatility of the material, pool

dimensions and wind velocity.
Source strength equals pump capacities, etc. in some cases of pump discharge line ruptures for
catastrophic cases.
Consequential effects
Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength, relative

density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the surrounding area.
Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ml due to a fire, as a function of the distance to the
source.
Energy of vapour cloud explosions [in N/m2], as a function of the distance to the distance of
the exploding cloud.
Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of evaporated
chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.
It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study strongly
depend upon the type of material involved:
Gas, vapour, liquid, solid?

Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products?
Stored at high/ low temperatures or pressure?
Controlled outflow (pump Inventory) or catastrophic failure?
Selection of Damage Criteria
The damage criterion gives the relation between extent of the physical effects (exposure) and the
percentage of the people that will be killed or injured due to those effects. The knowledge about
these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. For instance, a lot is known
125
about the damage caused by heat radiation, than about the damage due to toxic exposure, and
for these toxic effects, the knowledge differs strongly between different materials. In
Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are
distinguished:
1. Heat radiation, from a jet, pool fire or flash fire.

2. Explosion
3. Toxic effects, from toxic materials or toxic combustion products.
Heat Radiation
The consequences caused by exposure to heat radiation are function of:
The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2];
The exposure duration [sec];
The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body).
The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second-
degree burns are given in the table below:
Table 3-1: Damages to Human Life Due to Heat Radiation
Radiation energy for Radiation energy for

Radiation energy (1%
Exposure Duration 2nd degree bums, first degree bums,
lethality, kW/m2
kW/m2 kW/m2
10 Sec 21.2 16 12.5
30 Sec 9.3 7.0 4.0
Since in practical situations, only the people outside will be exposed to heat radiation. In case of
a fire, it is reasonable to assume the protection by clothing. It can be assumed that people would
be able to find a cover or a shield against thermal radiation in 10-sec. time. Furthermore, 100%
lethality may be assumed for all people suffering from direct contact with flames, such as the
pool fire, a flash fire or a jet flame. The effects due to relatively lesser incident radiation intensity
are given below:
126
Table 3-2: Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity
Radiation Intensity (kW/m2) Casualty Threshold
0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation
1.6 No discomfort for long exposure
Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first

4.0
degree burns are likely)
Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second degree burns after 20

9.33
sec. 1% lethality.
Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting

12.7
plastic tubing etc. 10% lethality
18.47 50% lethality
36.56 99% lethality
The actual results would be less severe due to the various assumptions made in the models arising
out of the flame geometry, emissivity, angle of incidence, view factor and others. Upon ignition,
a spilled liquid would burn in the form of a large turbulent diffusion flame. The size of the flame
would depend upon the spill surface and the thermo-chemical properties of the spilled liquid. In
particular, the diameter of the fire (if not confined to a dyke), the visible height of the flame, the
tilt and drag of the flame due to wind can be correlated to the burning velocity of the liquid. The
radiative output of the flame would be dependent upon the fire size, extent of mixing with air
and the flame temperature. Some fraction of the radiation is absorbed by carbon dioxide and
water vapour in the intervening atmosphere. In addition, large pool fires produce thick smoke,
which can significantly obscure flame radiation. Finally the incident flux at an observer location
would depend upon the radiation view factor, which is a function of the distance from the flame
surface, the observer's orientation and the flame geometry.
Estimation of the thermal radiation hazards from pool/ jet fires essentially involves 3 steps;
characterization of flame geometry, approximation of the radiative properties of the fire and
calculation of safe separation distances to specified levels of thermal radiation.
127
Explosion
In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur:
flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud;
A blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source.
As explained above, 100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud
proper.
For the blast wave, the lethality criterion is based on:
Peak overpressure of 0.1 bars will cause serious damage to 10% of the housing/structures.
Falling fragments will kill one of each eight persons in the destroyed buildings.
The following damage criteria may be distinguished with respect to the peak overpressures
resulting from a blast wave:
Table 3-3: Damage Due To Overpressures
Peak Overpressure, bar Damage Type
0.83 Total destruction
0.30 Heavy damage, nearly complete destruction of houses
0.27 Cladding of light industrial building ruptures
0.2 Steel frame buildings distorted and pulled from foundations
0.16 Lower limit of serious structural damage
0.14 Partial collapse of walls and roofs of houses
0.027 Limited minor structural damage
0.01 Typical pressure of glass breakage
From this it may be concluded that p = 0.17 E+5 pa corresponds approximately with 1%
lethality. Furthermore it is assumed that everyone inside an area in which the peak overpressure
is greater than 0.17 E+5 pa will be wounded by mechanical damage. For the gas cloud explosion
this will be inside a circle with the ignition source as its centre.
128
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
This section documents the consequence-distance calculations. A Maximum Credible Accident

(MCA) can be characterized as the worst credible accident. Another aspect, in which the
pessimistic approach of MCA studies appears, is the atmospheric condition that is used for
dispersion calculations. In general, a very stable atmosphere (Pasquill class F) and a low wind
speed (1.5 m/s) are assumed. These conditions result in the lowest dispersion velocity &
consequently in the highest vapour concentrations and the largest damage distances. Less
pessimistic assumptions (e.g. neutral weather, wind speed 3 m/s), which are generally the more
average conditions, result in smaller damage distances.
In Risk Assessment studies contributions from low frequency - high outcome effect as well as high
frequency - low outcome events are distinguished. The objective of the study is making the
facility safer and have better emergency planning, hence only holistic & conservative assumptions
are used for obvious reasons. Hence though the outcomes may look pessimistic, the planning for
emergency concept should be borne in mind whilst interpreting the results. The Consequence
Analysis has been done for selected scenarios for weather conditions D-3 m/sec and F-1.5 m/sec.
129
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
130
Leak from 1, 4-Dioxane tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Temperature Atmospheric
Pressure Atmospheric
Capacity 30 KL
Heat Radiation Model
Exposure duration 30 sec
6m
(100 % fatality within the pool area)
For exposure duration of 30 sec. and protected human body the damage distances are as
follows:
Pool Fire Model
Thermal Load Effect Distance (m)

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
First Degree Burns 4.0 19.4461 24.0524

1 9.33 16.7495 20.609
10 12.70 15.9469 19.6366
50 18.47 14.8394 18.4
99 36.56 Not Reached 16.5519
Probability
Base Frequency 4.3E-04 per year

Ignition Probability 0.3
Accident Probability 4.3E-04 * 0.3 per year/ drum
1.29E-04 per year/drum
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
131
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
10000 22.6777 20.3567

20000 16.5136 13.7242
Vapour Cloud Explosion Model
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type Effect Ignition Centre Effect Distance Ignition Centre
Distance(m) (m) (m) (m)
0.02068 56.775 20 45.9635 20
0.1379 29.522 20 26.7226 20
0.2068 27.3679 20 25.2018 20
Probability
Base Frequency 4.3E-04 per year/ tank

Accident Probability 4.3E-04 * 0.3 per year/ tank
= 1.29E-04 per year/tank
132
1111 111111
Study Folder: Radiation vs Distance for Late Pool Fire

OPA-SOLVANTS 31.5
Audit No: 12122
Model: Leakage of 29.5 II
1.4-Dioxane tank 27.5

Material: A-DIOXANE
1
Weathers 25.5
--
1
,.--, 23.5
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D -
.E
21.5
19.5
a)
_i 17.5
.° 1 5.5
.1.T3
1 13.5
is
11.5
9.5
7.5
5.5
3.5
C - rq CO -1- C) C) r--- co C) C. .,- C'..I CO -zr Li-) CO r-- co C) C. .,-
rl r..1
r-4
CO
r-.1
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r-.1
47
C'.1
LO
r-.1
r---
r-.1
CO
C'.1
Distance Downwind (m)

0 RA- S 0 LVA NTS 31.6
Audit No: 12122
Model: Leakage of 29.5 I
.4-Dioxane tank
1
27.6
Material: ,4-DIOXANE
1
25.5
--
Weathers
-c.-1 23.5
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D §- 21.5
.._..
19.5
ra)
17 6 -
° 15.5
77i .
03 13 6 -
is
11.5
9.5
7.5
5.5
3.5
O - C-4 CO -,1- 1-fl LO 1--- CO 0) 0 .,- r-.1 CO -z1- CL] LO I---- CO C) C.
CA
.,-
C.-1
r-.1
CA
CO
r..1
-z1-
CA
CL]
r..1
CO
C.-1
I----
r..1
CO
C.-1
133
Study Folder: Flash Fire Enve ope

ORA-SOLVANTS 22
Audit No: 12122
Model: Leakage of
1,4-Dioxane tank 17
Material: 1 A-DIOXANE
--
Weathers
12
Category 1.5/F led-004 p
Category 1.5/F 2e+004 p
- Category 3/D 1e+004 ppr

Category 3/D 2e1-004 ppr
111/
13
18
IA11111
1&_
'NMI Mr
---°1111I
1111
-23m
C 1-n M 0-7 ti U m M Ln w rn M Ln ti m
CA
M
CV
134
Rupture from 1, 4-Dioxane tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 14.2667 16.812
10 12.70 10.6876 12.255
50 18.47 7.39754 7.70362
99 36.56 Not Reached Not Reached
Probability

135
MI III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II
Flash Fire / VCE

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
10000 19.8122 18.7674
20000 12.0438 10.5792
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Effect Ignition Centre Effect Distance Ignition Centre
Type
0.02068 69.9098 10 67.0201 10
0.1379 25.5121 10 24.7639 10
0.2068 22.0029 10 21.424 10
Probability

1.29E-04 per year/tank
136

ORA-SOLVANTS 31.5
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of 29.5
1.4-Dioxane tank 27.5
Material: A-DIOXANE
1 1
Weathers 25.5
--
i
, ,,, 23.5
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D 5-- 21.5
19.5
T
_i 17.5
.° 15.5
.77.3
-7,- 13.5
CC
11.5
9.5
7.5
5.5
3.5
O - cal Cl -1- 41 LC, r-- co o-) o - Cl co -1- Co Co r--- co o-)
-"''-'-'-.--
o- cv co -zr 41 LC, r---
CV CV CV CV CV CV CV
Study Folder: Late Explosion Overpressure vs Distance

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of 1
1.4-Dioxane tank
Material: A-DIOXANE
1 0.9
Worst Cases @: 0.02068 bar
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0 1
0
N
O
111 LO
O
137
II 1M 1M 1M III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IM
Study Folder: Flash Fire Envelope

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of
1A-Dioxane tank
Material: 1 A-DIOXANE
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F le+01=14 p

Category 1.5/F 2e+004 p

Category 3/D 2e1-004 ppr
138
Leak from Acetone tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 27.9693 30.2204
10 12.70 24.4234 27.0741
50 18.47 19.451 22.4375
99 36.56 11.4765 12.631
Probability

139
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
13000 43.0387 40.9283
26000 32.3278 29.2823
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 131.069 40 99.5327 40
0.1379 63.58 40 55.4145 40
0.2068 58.2457 40 51.9274 40
Probability

140
Study Folder: Radiation vs Di stance for Late Pool Fire

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 80
Model: Leakage of Acetone 75
tank 70
Material: ACETONE
--
Weathers 65
60
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E 55
Category 3/D
50
.T1.) 45
.1
_1 40
9 35
73
-a 30
3
03
25
20
15
10
5
0
Co ,..., , Co CO Co rJ ',1" Co CO 0
CA
CV
CA
',I'
CA
tO
CA
CO
CA
0
CO
CV
CO
',1"
CO
tO
CO
CO
CO
Co
,i-

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Acetone
tank
Material: ACETONE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Co Co Co Co Co
N
Co
r-4
o
CO
Co
CO
ot V
Co
Cn Cn C9
Co
Co
o
ti Co
N-
Co
CO
LI)
CO
Co
67
Co
67
o
Co
CI7
Co
o Co o
N Ln
CA
o
CO
Ln
CO
141
11 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 11

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Acetone
tank
41
36 =MP'
MP' MIIIMm=11111=
31
Material: ACETONE MPANITMIIMEIMMILIIIM
26
MENLTAIM====11014.1-1=
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 1.3ed-004

21
16 -learill========-1311M
MM1=========MIMM
-
Category 1.5/F 2.6e+004
Category 3/D 1.3e+004 p
1
6 MWAFM============
M1MM==========i111
Category 3/D 2.6e-F004 p
1
4
MI1===========MIM
============WAPM
9
MMMMMM=M=MMMWAM
-14
19 Mffli=========IIMPIRM
MILCOMIN======Miniv=
24
29 MILITAMPOIMINIMMICIIM
34
39
44
=MM.
142
Rupture of acetone tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 25.8107 28.1538
10 12.70 22.2649 25.0074
50 18.47 17.2925 20.3708
99 36.56 9.31794 10.5643
Probability

143
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
13000 62.6686 64.8744
26000 47.8312 43.894
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 207.047 50 192.474 50
0.1379 95.3506 50 84.2479 50
0.2068 87.3535 50 76.5002 50
Probability

144

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 80
Model: Rupture of Acetone 75
tank 70
Material: ACETONE
--
Weathers 65
60
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E 55
Category 3/D
50
.T1.) 45
.1
_1 40
° 35
73
w 30
03
25
20
16
10
0
0 CV -zr LO CO 0 CV -1- CD CO 0
r-4
CA
CA
-1-
C-4
CD
C,1
CO
CA
0
M
CV
M
-zr
M
LO
M
CO
M

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Acetone
tank
Material: ACETONE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
In Co
CO
CO Cn
o
o C-4 Co ti
CO
CO
145
11 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 11

ORA-SOLVANTS 65
Audit No: 4266
dill lirr.,
AMPLZIAM
Model: Rupture of Acetone 55
tank
45
Material: ACETONE
--
Weathers 35
Category 1.5/F 1.3e+004 25 MONII

Category 1.5/F 2.6e-F004
- Category 3/D 1.3e+004

Category 3!D 2.6ed-004
p
p
15-
5-
-5-
-15-
25 41111 1111
IINEIW
-35
45 ONIIIrillMOv
MOMIll
55
65Ln
D Ln O IU D Ln
411
O LU O Ln
--1-111111"w
D Ln O Ln D IU O Ln O LU D IU O Ln O LU
Lci LD Ln C.-1 N r..1 0-) [Y] V V LD LD In In
146
Leak from aceto nitrile tank : pool fire , Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL

7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 23.4069 25.0973
10 12.70 20.6215 22.6535
50 18.47 16.6154 18.9464
99 36.56 10.0182 10.662
Probability

= 1.29E-04 per year/drum
Flash Fire/ VCE
147
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
22000 28.8993 26.2461
44000 20.3583 16.6954
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 58.65 20 48.4117 20
0.1379 30.0074 20 27.3565 20
0.2068 27.7435 20 25.6923 20
Probability

148

OIRA-SOLVANTS
65
Audit No: 12122
Model: Leakage of 60
acetonitrile tank
Material: ACETONITIRILE 55
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3!D
F-1E
50
45
40
35
J.
a)
. 30
t73
.e 25
CO
is
20
15
10
0
O - cv cr) -zr L.Li LE. r- CO M 0 .,- C.-1 Cc) -zr Lo w r--- co m o
N
-
r4
r4 rn
r-4 ri -1-
r-4
Lo
ri CO
r-4
r---
r-4
CO
r-4
M
r-4
0
rn
.,- C"..1 Cc) -zr
ro ro to rn
Study Folder: Late Exp osion Overpressure vs Di stance

OIRA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 12122
Model: Leakage of 1
acetonitrile tank
Material: ACETONITIRILE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5 /F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0 1
0
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 CO CO 00 CO CO
N CI CI CO CO LU LU LU LU LU
149

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 12122 26
Model: Leakage of
NIM=
acetonitrile tank 21
11111
Material: ACETONITRILE
--
Weathers 16
OINCIMIIMMIl
NM111
Category 1.5/F 2.2e+004 1 1

Category 3/D 4.4e+004
p
1111111111111111111/111
14 INBIEN1111111111111i1
Iiiiiiiil
19
24 I11mm.
-29
a)
N r r
M
r r M 1-0 M I-11
CV
1-0 M1- 0-1
150
Rupture of acetonitrile tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 21.0952 22.8974
10 12.70 18.3098 20.4536
50 18.47 14.3036 16.7464
99 36.56 7.7064 8.46202
Probability

151
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
22000 33.4451 33.9324
44000 19.3717 19.077
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 128.01 20 123.206 20
0.1379 50.4452 20 46.7225 20
0.2068 45.82 20 40.6773 20
Probability

152

ORA-SOLVANTS
66
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of acetonitrile 60
tank
Material: ACETONITRILE 55
--
Weathers
50
Category 1.5/F F1E 46

Category 3!D
40
7'a) 35
J
.0 30
.77.3
26
is
20
15
10
5 --
0
O - CV cr) -1- C) o N- co 0-7.0%-rACO'zr,-.OLOr---000-)0,-C1CO,r,-.OLON-000-70%-r-1
CV CA CA CA CA CV CV CV CV CA CO IN CO

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of acetonitrile 1
tank
Material: ACETONITILE
ACETONITRILE 0.9
- 0.8
--
Weathers
'c.73
Category 1.5/F .`:7).

0.7
0-)
Category 3/D
' 0 6 .
7 0.5
01
T, 0.4
c)
0.3
0.2
0.1
.
0
0,-.00,-.00,-.00,-.00,-.00400,-.0.0,-00,-.0.0,-0.0,-00,-.0.0,-00
.,- ,- CA CV CO 0) o o - -
CO -1- -zr LE) LD LO CD M1- M1- CO CO 07 IN CV CO
Dis ance Downwind (m)
153

QRA- SOLVANTS
Audit No: 12122 31 -...N=IMIMMIMMiirm-__
I I
Model: Rupture of acetonitrile

tank 26 Aida 1111111111. .
Material: ACETONITPILE 21 pionmmmillum Ilhhhii...

Adidil a
--
Weathers
_....illi ria..r.5
1
jilAll R2111 IIRN lk
-
.-"
i
.-_;.
116
6- Igl ION L
Category 3/0 4.4e+004 p
.
w
1 I fi
II
kl
II
I
44-- I ki 1
. 9- in 1 Pi r
IZI
78
111 PEI 11,

14
19
11141 liTIMO 1110521 OF
24
gPr
-911111119 PPP.
29
...P.P.--
34
t r.,, i=
to corn
CO
cA
LD
r-4
',1'
c,,c,4
CV 0cA CO LD ',1' CA 0 CO LJ t CA 0 CV -zr LD CO 0 CA -1- LJ CO 0 pi 74 p.i CO Rp6,7,
Leak from butyl acetate tank: pool fire, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL

follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
154
1 9.33 13.1806 14.8223
10 12.70 10.3908 11.2248
50 18.47 9.39534 9.40109
Probability

Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
8500 5.97946 8.27033
17000 2.30042 2.2207
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
155
-
0.02068 No Hazard - No Hazard -
Probability


ORA-SOLVANTS 25.9
Audit No: 8654
Model: Leakage of butyl 23.9
acetate tank
Material: n-BUTYL ACETATE 21.9
--
Weathers
19.9
Category 1.5/F Fr'
E
Category 3/D §-- 17.9
....
.T,., 15.9
_1
E 13.9
'Ws'
-3 11.9
cc
9.9
7.9
5.9
3.9
o - r.., CO -1- LO CO r--- CO 61 0 .k- CV CO ',1- Lc) CO r-- CO 61 0
r.,
.k-
r,-,

OIRA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8654 7.7
Model: Leakage of butyl 6.7
acetate tank
5.7
Material: n-BUTYL ACETATE
--
Weathers 4.7
3.7
Category .5 /F 8500 pprr
1
2.7
-
-
Category .5 /F 1.7e+004
1
1.7
Category 3/D 8500 ppm
Category 3/D 7e1-004 p
1
0.7-
-0.3 -
-1.3-
2.3
3.3
4.3
5.3
6.3
7.3
8.3
(-.-) CO O-1 CO CO CO O-1 CO 0-1 CO 0-1 CO CO CO. O-1 CO O-1 1--- 1--- 1--- 1--- r--- r-- 1-- 1-- CV
CO 1--- r-- CD CD U7 49 V V [-2 0-] C-1 CV 0 0 0 0 C-1 CV [-0 CO -1- V -0 U7 CD CD r-- 1--- CO
Rupture of butyl acetate tank: pool fire, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 11.1877 12.9423
10 12.70 8.39796 9.34477
50 18.47 7.40246 7.52104
Probability

Flash Fire / VCE

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
8500 6.71878 6.66576
17000 3.86152 3.94164
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
Probability

158
Study Folder Radiation vs Distance for Late Pool Fire

QRA -SOLVANTS 25.9
Audit No: 8654
Model: Rupture of butyl 23.9
acetate tank
--
Weathers
19.9
Category 1.5/F
17.9
Category 3/0
15.9
13.9
11.9
9.9
7.9
5.9
3.9
Cr) LO ti CO .3) O Cr) LO CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 6654 6.2
Model: Rupture of butyl
5.2
acetate tank
--
Weathers
3.2
Category 1.5/F 8500 pprr
2.2
- Category 3/0 8500 ppm

Category 3/D 1.7e-l004 p
1.2
0.2
0.8
1.8
2.8 a
ML
3.8
4.8 11
timm
-5.8
6.6o:
co CO m CO CO cq CO M1 M1 M1 M1 M1
LO LO
'42 '42
-zr Cr) c Cr) LO CO
159
Leak from Diethyl ether tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 37.8288 40.6639
10 12.70 33.0385 36.4037
50 18.47 26.5427 30.4631
99 36.56 16.1535 18.4288
Probability

160
MIIMMII II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II M
Flash Fire/ VCE

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
8500 74.7828 66.0499
17000 57.8549 48.1426
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 245.292 70 169.161 60
0.1379 115.388 70 88.2646 60
0.2068 105.12 70 81.8705 60
Probability

161
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor MN

ORA-SOLVANTS 130
Audit No: 9085
120
Model: Leakage of diethyl
ether tank 110
Material: DIETHYL ETHER
Weathers
--
100
F,., 90
Category 1.5/F E
Category 3/D § 80
.T1.) 70
.1
60
0
.7L3 50
03
40
30
20
10
0
D r., ,i- CD CO 0 CA ',I- LO CO 0
CA
C+I
CA
',1'
r4
LO
r4
CO
4-.1
0
4-0
r4
CO
-1-
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO
0
-zr
r4
-4'
-zr
-7
LO
-7
CO
-4
0
LU
CA
40
-zr
1.0
CD
47

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 9085
ether tank
Material: DIETHYL ETHER 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
CO CO
LO N- CO 67 O 4-4 4-0 LU LO ti CO LU
162

ORA-SOLVANTS 75
Audit No: 9085
ether tank
65
55
=ILIE
MEE
1°1".44111
I3
OMOJM
Material: DIETHYL ETHER II'
45
2111121111IREINIE
--
Weathers
35
NIMIIMMENNEMMENNESICIIN
ONFAMONS
25
- Category 3/0 8500 ppm 15

A
I
iNMMNM
Category 3/D 1.7e-l004 p 5
U MHEIMMENNEMENNEMENNEMEIMIN
5
-15 I UNOMMENNEMMENNEMENNEWANU
25
35
1
IMIV1
L1111.411
3111011.1111MERIPM r
45
55
-65 =EMIR
75Ln
O
MENEM-MEM
O
1-0O OOO 1-n O O O 1-0 O O O O O O Lfl
ti r-- L9 -zr CV CV CV LE) LE) LO LO r-- r--
163
Rupture from diethyl ether tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 35.5834 38.6361
10 12.70 30.7931 34.3758
50 18.47 24.2974 28.4353
99 36.56 13.9081 16.4009
Probability

164
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM .M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.M.MMMMMMMMMMMMM
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
8500 111.119 106.697
17000 91.0719 80.7701
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 345.644 100 316.669 70
0.1379 165.965 100 144.284 70
0.2068 153.304 100 132.004 70
Probability

165

ORA-SOLVANTS 130
Audit No: 9085
120
Model: Rupture of diethyl
ether tank 110
Weathers
--
100
c ,,--- 90
Category 1.5/F E
Category 3/D § 80
.T1.) 70
.1
60
0
TE3 50
03
40
30
20
10
0
0 C4 -1- CO CO 0 C4 -1- CO CO 0
CV
CA
CA
------------"="-
-zr
CA
co
CA
co
4-4
c.
CO
el
CO
-1-
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO
0
-7
C4
-7
-1-
-7
CD
-7'
CO
-7
0
LO
C4
1-fl
-1-
47

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 9085
ether tank
Material: DIETHYL ETHER 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0 . 1
0
LO CO O CO
0co 0
CO CO O
4-4
166

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 9085
ether tank
--
Weathers


20
20
40
60
-80
167
Leak from ethanol tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.794 22.4342
10 12.70 18.2372 20.1803
50 18.47 14.4137 16.4575
99 36.56 9.53157 9.66268
Probability

168
MIIMMII II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II M
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
21500 20.5262 20.5755
43000 13.6236 12.6501
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 47.7582 20 41.6344 20
0.1379 27.1873 20 25.6017 20
0.2068 25.5614 20 24.3344 20
Probability

169

ORA-SOLVANTS
56
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Ethanol
50
tank
Material: ETHANOL
46
--
Weathers
c.-7-4. 40
Category 1.5/F
--.
Category 3/D 36
w 30
.1
,g, 25
.=.
03
03 20
cc
15
-
10
0
. - ,.., 00 , LE) LO M1- CO 61 0 .,- CA CO ',I' 1..0 LO M1- CO a) 0 ,-
CA
C,1
CA
CA
CO
CA
',1"
CA
1..0
CA
LO
CA
M1-
CA
CO
N
a)
CA
0
CO

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Ethanol 1
tank
Material: ETHANOL 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers .-E-.
-
03
Category 1.5/F 0.7

cu
Category 3/D .
0-)
0)- 0 6 .
2
=
.2
01 0.5
t, 0.4
8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
C7 rA -1- Lo co o el -zi- CD CO 0
CA
CA
CA
',I'
CA
CD
CA
CO
C',1
0
CO
CA
CO
',I'
CO
CD
CO
CO
CO
0
-,1-
CA
-4
',I'
-4
CD
-4
CO
-4
170

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 19
Model: Leakage of Ethanol
tank
Material: ETHANOL 14
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 2.15e+00-

Category 1.5/F 4.3e-F004

Category 3!D 4.3ed-004 p
4
41 CO CO 41 w C m IZ w 0-7
CV
171
Rupture of ethanol tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 18.6955 20.3388
10 12.70 16.1387 18.0849
50 18.47 12.3152 14.3621
99 36.56 7.43304 7.56728
Probability

172
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
21500 17.0371 18.5766
43000 8.15359 8.0369
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 67.7569 10 62.5836 10
0.1379 24.9547 10 23.6152 10
0.2068 21.5716 10 20.5351 10
Probability

173

ORA-SOLVANTS
56
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Ethanol
50
tank
Material: ETHANOL
46
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
c.-7-4.
--.
40
36
w 30
w
,g, 25
.=.
cu
03 20
cc
15
10
5 - _
0
.-, , P1 41 LO M1 CO 61 0 .,- CV CO -7 If-1 LO 1---- CO a) 0
CA
,-
CA
CV
CV CV
CO
7
CV
LP
CV
LO
C-.1
M1
CV
CO
CV

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Ethanol 1
tank
Material: ETHANOL 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers ,_,
Category 1.5/F
'c
-1-.
0.7 il
Category 3/D .
0-)
m
0-) 0.6
2
=
.2
01 0.5
t, 0.4
0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
o CA -1- LC, CO 0 CV -7 LO CO 0
CV
CV
CV
-7
C-.1
LO
CV
CO
C,1
0
CO
CV
CO
-7
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO
0
-7-
CV -7 LC, CO
-7 -7 -4 -7
0
LL]
C-1
41
-7
40
LC,
LiO
CO
41 LO
0 CV
LO
-7
LO
LO
LO
CO
LO
174

ORA-SOLVANTS 19
Audit No: 4266 17
Model: Rupture of Ethanol 15
tank
13
Material: ETHANOL
11
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 2.15e+Cl0. 7

Category 1.5/F 4.3e-E004 5-
Category 3!D 4.3ed-004 p
3-
-1-
-3
5-
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
in-, IZ rz C
175
Leak from ethyl acetate tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 21.1825 24.2061
10 12.70 17.5193 20.4095
50 18.47 12.3625 13.8025
99 36.56 9.37242 9.40452
Probability

176
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
11000 29.573 28.6499
22000 22.4895 20.1743
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 79.0655 20 61.3057 20
0.1379 35.2935 20 30.6951 20
0.2068 31.8338 20 28.2756 20
Probability

177

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 6019 45
Model: Leakage of Ethyl
Acetate tank
40
Material: ETHYL ACETATE
--
Weathers
35
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D § 30
25
a.)
_1
9 20
-a
[3
cc 15
10
0
,- CA oi ,i- LI] LO M1 CO M 0 .,- CV CO ',I' LEI LO M1 CO 0-1 0 ,-
N CA
r',1
r..1
P1
CV
',1"
C,1
LI)
CV
LO
CA
M1
r..1
CO
CA
M 0
c-..immromm.%- CA CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 6019 45
Acetate tank
40
--
Weathers
36
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D § 30
25
a.)
_1
9 20
-a
[3
a 15
10
0
,- el P1 -zr LI] LO M1 CO M 0 .%- CV CO ',I' LEI LO M1 CO 0-1 0 ,-
N CA
r',1
r..1
P1
CV
',1"
C,1
LI)
CV
LO
CA
M1
r..1
CO
CA
M
C-4
0
CO
.%-
CO
CA
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
178
Study Folder: Flash Fire Enve ape

ORA-SOLVANTS 30
p
Audit No: 6019
Acetate tank
25
20 PPPP-
--
Weathers
15

Category 1.5/F 2.2e-E004
10 yr
p
10
15
20
-25
30
C. CO CO w
On
On
On
On
On
CO CO V CA C. CO CO V r..1 On
_...mmgi
V CO CO C. CA V CO CO On On V CO
On
CO
cI
On
On
179
Rupture of ethyl acetate tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 19.2351 22.3549
10 12.70 15.5719 18.5583
50 18.47 10.4152 11.9513
99 36.56 7.42505 7.55334
Probability

180
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
11000 38.3245 38.1595
22000 27.0358 24.429
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 125.478 30 118.85 20
0.1379 54.7217 30 49.5327 20
0.2068 49.1291 30 45.114 20
Probability

181

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 6019 45
Model: Rupture of ethyl
acetate tank
40
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D §
35
30
25
0.)
_1
9 20
03
-a
03
cc 15
10
0
.- k-, CO ',1" 40 LO M1 CO 07 0 .,- CV CO ',1" 40 LO M1 CO 61 0
C,1
-,-
CA
CA
CA
CO
CA
',1"
CA
41
CV
CD
CV
M1
r,1
CO
CA
07
CA
001 %-
01
CV
01

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 6019
acetate tank
Material: ETHYL ACETATE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
40 C7 41 0r1 40
CV
0
CO
40
CO
C7
V
41
V
041 40 0
LO
41
LO M1
41
M1
C7
CO
41
CO 67
41
67 .0
41
0 C7 41
182

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 6019
acetate tank
36
31
===
== ==
=
Material: ETHYL ACETATE 26
MW
--
Weathers

21
16 Mr 1
Category 1.5/F 2.2e+004 11

Category 3!D 2.2e+004
p
p
6
-14
-19 M. A
24
29
-34
MM
== =
==
39o-,
cn co
183
fr
Leak from heptanes tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 22.61 26.8779
10 12.70 17.8132 20.7532
50 18.47 12.6026 14.0154
99 36.56 9.55798 9.67182
Probability

184
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
5000 33.8647 33.962
10000 25.6544 23.5429
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 95.4661 30 76.9291 30
0.1379 46.9508 30 42.1511 30
0.2068 43.1161 30 39.4023 30
Probability

185
:1

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 45
Model: Leakage of Heptane
tank
40
Material: N-HEPTANE
--
Weathers
35
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E
Category 3/D § 30
25
w
_1
9 20
-a
03
cc 15
10
0
. , , LO CO 0 CV 'I' LO CO 0
CA
CA
CA
',1"
CA
CD
CA
CO
ry
0(U CA
ro
zr
ro
CO
rn
CO
(U
0-4

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
tank
Material: N-HEPTANE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
4] D 47 D
CA
1,0
CA
0
CO
40
CO
0'7 LP 0 L.C1
CO
LEI
CO
186

OPA- SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 31
26
tank
Material: N-HEPTANE 21
--
Weathers
16
Category 1.5/F 5000 ppm
11
Category 1.5/F e-F004 p
-
1
Category 3/D 5000 ppm 6

Category 3!D 1e+004 ppr
-4
14
19
24
-29
34
O LO
N N N
V CI 6
r..1
OD LO V CA 6 OD LO -7 CA 0 CI -7 LO OD 6 CA V LO OD 6
N
r-4
N N N
V LO OD
r..1
N
187
Rupture of heptane tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.4575 24.7328
10 12.70 15.6607 18.6082
50 18.47 10.4501 11.8704
99 36.56 7.40543 7.52676
Probability

188
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
5000 33.6607 37.3782
10000 23.9396 23.7473
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 116.662 20 110.431 10
0.1379 51.618 20 45.8896 10
0.2068 46.7275 20 42.295 10
Probability

189

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 45
Model: Rupture of Heptane
tank
40
Material: N-HEPTANE
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
'r7
§
E
35
30
25
w
_1
9 20
-a
03
a 15
10
0
. , , L CO . , , CD CO 0
CA
CV
CV
',1"
CA
LO
CV
CO
CA
0
CO
C-.4
CO
',I'
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Heptane
tank
Material: N-HEPTANE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Ln Ln Ln
rx1
Ln
LO
Ln
LO ti
Ln
ti CO
Ln
CO rn o 0
LI) Ln
190

OPA- SOLVANTS 37
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Heptane 32
tank 27
Material: N-HEPTANE
22
--
Weathers
17
-
Category 1.5/F 1
Category 3/0 5000 ppm

e+004 p
12
7 - mm
Category 3/D 1e-E004 ppr 2-
-3 -
8
NEMI=IMOPF
13
18
23
28
33
38co
191
Leak from hexane tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 22.8236 27.2602
10 12.70 17.8604 20.8283
50 18.47 12.6174 14.1322
99 36.56 9.58457 9.77453
Probability

192
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
5250 54.2115 52.2628
10500 41.2829 37.4734
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 167.807 50 128.889 50
0.1379 80.5031 50 70.4264 50
0.2068 73.6026 50 65.8055 50
Probability

193

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 45
Model: Leakage of Hexane
tank
40
Material: N-HEXANE
--
Weathers
35
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E
Category 3/D § 30
25
w
_1
9 20
-a
03
a 15
10
0
. , , LO CO 0 r..1 ',I' LO CO 0
C,1
CA
CA
',1"
CA
CD
CA
CO
N
0
CO
CA
01
',1"
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
0
'7
CA
-4

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
tank
Material: N-HEXANE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Ln D UO 0 40
N
0
CO
Ln
CO
0 V 0
V L.0 Ln
4]
Ln
0
LO
LP
LO
DUO D
D
ti DUO
rk CO CO
0
67
1-11
67 0 0
C7 1-11 DUO 0 L1-1
CA
0
CO
40
CO
0
-4
40
-7
D 4] D
LI) Ln LO
1-11
LO ti
194

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
tank
Material: N-HEXANE
--
Weathers

- Category 3/D 5250 ppm

15
25
35
45
55Ln
In In In In O O O O O O O
LI)
41
195
Rupture of hexane tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.6388 25.002
10 12.70 15.6756 18.5701
50 18.47 10.4326 11.874
99 36.56 7.39976 7.51638
Probability

196
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
5250 58.2111 63.4851
10500 45.6391 45.8934
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 193.863 50 177.623 40
0.1379 87.2498 50 80.2286 40
0.2068 78.8231 50 73.3902 40
Probability

197
Study Folder Radiation vs Distance for Late Pool Fire

Q RA -SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 45
Model: Rupture of Hexane
tank
40
Material: N-HEXANE
--
Weathers
35
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/0 30
25
20
15
10
0
C`,1 LO CO 0 CV LO CO 0
CA
CA
CA
LO
cI
CO
cI
0
Cc)
CA
Cc)
-zr
Cc)
CO
Cc)
CO
Cc)

O RA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
tank
Material: N-HEXANE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
CO CO
LU CO CO LU LO CO
198

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 56
tank 46
Material: N-HEXANE
--
Weathers 36
Category 1.5/F 5250 pprr 26
Category 1.5/F 1.05e+00. 16-

Category 3/D 1.05e+004 6
-4 -
-14-
24
34
44
54
64
-4-
LO
0-,
Li)
0-) -4-
'4
0-,
[r]
-4
Cr)
0-,
CA
-4
cI
0-, v 0-) LO LO LO
(7)
CO
Cr)
LO LO
L79
199
Leak from methanol tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 15.1073 16.7622
10 12.70 12.8557 14.5764
50 18.47 9.55388 10.0393
Probability

200
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
36500 26.5524 25.4648
73000 17.9841 14.8482
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 51.3683 20 43.1217 20
0.1379 28.122 20 25.9868 20
0.2068 26.2846 20 24.6324 20
Probability

201

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 31.8
Model: Leakage of Methanol 29.8
tank
Material: METHANOL 27.8
--
Weathers 25.8
Category 1.5/F FT 23.8
t
E
Category 3/D 21.8
T, 19.8
.1
_1 17.8
0
.7T5 15.8
03 13.8
cc
11.8
9.8
7.8
5.8
3.8
O - r.,, (N ,i- 41 CD 1--- CO 07 0 ,- C,I CO -7 1.fl CD r-- CO a) 0
CA
-,-
CA
CV
CA

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Methanol 1
tank
0.8
--
Weathers .-.=-.
-
03
Category 1.5/F 0.7

cu
0-)
Category 3/D 0
0)- 0 6
.
2
=
.2
01 0.5
t, 0.4
8
0.3
-
0.2
0.1
0
C7 el -1- CD CO 0 C,I -7 CD CO 0
CA
CV
N
-7
CA
CD
CA
CO
CA
0
M
rJ
CO
-7
CO
LO
CO
CO
M
0
-7
C,I
-7
-7
-7- t
CD CO
-7
0
1-n
CA
47
202
Study Folder:
ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Methanol
tank
Material: METHANOL
--
Weathers
-
Category 1.5/F 3.65e-F00-
Category 3/0 3.65e+004
23
18
13
IP 1111
P ICOMENN
111111
1111
11111
MI
1111
N
Flash Fire Envelope
11=
111111
111111111111111111O1/11
111111 121111
12
17
-22
NOIMIIM,Ai A
27
CA
41
CY CV CY
0-7 F.- IZ CO IZ
ill111
w m m IZ w rn
4,1
m
CA
IZ N-
203
Rupture of methanol tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 13.0298 14.5754
10 12.70 10.7783 12.3896
50 18.47 7.47639 7.85251
Probability

204
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
36500 21.4897 25.8088
73000 11.4426 12.5415
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 89.6967 10 86.5039 10
0.1379 30.6354 10 29.8088 10
0.2068 26.7376 10 26.7506 10
Probability

205

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 31.8
Model: Rupture of Methanol 29.8
tank
--
Weathers 25.8
Category 1.5/F FT 23.8
t
E
Category 3/D 21.8
T, 19.8
.1
_1 17.8
0
.7T5 15.8
03 13.8
cc
11.8
9.8
7.8
5.8
3.8
o - CV co -zr 40 CD r--- co m o - CV Cc) ,1" Lil CO 1---- CO 07 0
C,1

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Methanol
tank
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
40 0 4] o
C.1
1,0
C',1 CO
1,0
CO
1,0 1,0
LO LO ti CO CO
206

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 24
Model: Rupture of Methanol
tank
Material: METHANOL
--
Weathers
19
14 ,adil
Category 1.5/F 3.65e-F00- 9-
ISM MI
Iemonsirnms IL
Al
- Category 3/0 3.65e+004
4-
sion=mmis
II 1111
er
11
16
21
ion mu
26
co N 0
cI
CO LO V r-4 O CO LO V r.4 O r.4 V LO CO CI w LO CO on r..1 w
cI
LO
cI
207
Leak from methyl isobutyl ketone tank : pool fire , Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 10.4978 11.2965
10 12.70 9.50304 9.48811
Probability

208
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6000 17.1558 22.1596
12000 8.53469 14.2921
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 21.8938 10 43.8022 20
0.1379 13.0796 10 26.163 20
0.2068 12.3829 10 24.7688 20
Probability

209

QRA -SOLVANTS
18.5
Audit No: 9087
Model: Leakage of methyl 17.5
isobutyl ketone tank 16.5
Material: METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE 15.5
--
Weathers 14.5
13.5
Category 1.5/F
Category 3!D 12.5
11.5
10.5
9.5
8.5
7.5
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
LO ti CO .3) O 5-) LO CO

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 9087
Model: Leakage of methyl 1
isobutyl ketone tank

Material: METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE
Weathers
_
0.9
0.8
r I
--
'c.
0.7
.1).
Category 1.5/F .
0-)
Category 3/D m
0-) 0.6
2
=
.
01 0.5
t, 0.4
8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
O r.,, -1- LO CO 0 CV -1- LO CO 0
N ri
CV -1-
r-4
LO
r-4
CO
r-4
0
Go
CV
Go
',1'
Go
LO
ro
CO
ro
0
-a-
CA
-a-
-1-
-4
210
Study Folder: FlashFireErmeope
QRA- SOLVANTS
7411i91Mtil ILE?
Model: Leakage of methyl
isobutyl ketone tank 17
Material: METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE IMIPM ENOIN
--
Weathers

12
7 11121 1.N 11111

111 II SI ill
2
3 I N M N N
8 ONN NEN 111 1/1
13 11111 111111
18 III! 1111
-23
mr_nm mr_nm nr-_m mnr-_m CI
211
Rupture of methyl isobutyl ketone tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 8.39668 9.32917
10 12.70 7.40195 7.52075
Probability

212
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6000 16.4018 19.0904
12000 9.02673 8.71023
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 63.7375 10 59.5156 10
0.1379 23.914 10 22.8208 10
0.2068 20.7663 10 19.9205 10
Probability

213

QRA -SOLVANTS
18.5
Audit No: 9087
Model: Rupture of methyl 17.5
isobutyl ketone tank 16.5
Material: METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE 15.5
--
Weathers 14.5
13.5
Category 1.5/F
Category 3!D 12.5
11.5
10.5
9.5
8.5
7.5
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
LE. .-11 r-- LI) CO 41 0? LED 0 41 Lf) ti
47 LO CO 0-1 LE;

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 9087
Model: Rupture of methyl 1
isobutyl ketone tank

Material: METHYL 0.9
ISOBUTYL KETONE
Worst Cases @: 0.02068 bar _ 0.8
Weathers
--
'c.
0.7
.--).
0-)
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D 0-) 0.6
2
=
01 0.5
t, 0.4
8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
O rA -1- LO CO 0 CA -7 LO CO 0
N
CA
CA
-7
CA
CO
r-4
CO
r-4
0
CO
CV
CO
-7
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO
0
-4
rJ -7 LO
-4' -7 -7
CO
-z1-
0
4]
r..1
4]
-7
41
CO
47
CO
4]
0
LO
CV
CO
-7
CO
214

ORA-SOLVANTS 20
Audit No: 9087
Model: Rupture of methyl
isobutyl ketone tank 15
,4111
Material: METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE
10
--
Weathers


Category 3!D 1.2e+004 p
111111
10
15 111F"
20
CO CO CO CO
215
Leak from Methylene dichloride tank: pool fire , Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 8.93261 8.98895
10 12.70 8.93261 8.98895
Probability

Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
79500 22.5976 16.7402
159000 8.45026 8.41835
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 38.572 20 26.7252 10
0.1379 24.8088 20 14.3306 10
0.2068 23.7209 20 13.3509 10
Probability

217

ORA-SOLVANTS
13.7
Audit No: 8654
Model: Leakage of methylene
12.7
dichloride tank
Material: 11.7
DICHLOROMETHANE
--
Weathers 10.7
N
E
Category 1.5/F § 9.7
Category 3/0
8.7
=
0 7.7
..
03
03
6.7
ccw
5.7
4.7
3.7
2.7
O ,- r,, P) -1- CO LO r-- CO CO 0 ,- CV CO ,r CO CD r-- CO 65 0
CV
%-
CV

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 8654
dichloride tank
Material: 0.9
DICHLOROMETHANE
Worst Cases @: 0.02066 bar _ 0.8
Weathers
--
'c.
0.7
.-1-).
01
Category 1.5/F 0
Category 3/D ''3
01 0.6
=
.2
co 0.5
LI L
0.4
8
0.3
0.2
=
0.1
mmMOMMI ===1111111Elmm NIMME 1

218

ORA-SOLVANTS 22
Audit No: 6654
11.1111111111111111111
l&&
dichloride tank
Material:
17
MI
MI
DICHLOROMETHANE
12
--
Weathers
-
Category 1.5/F 7.65e-F00-
Category 1.5/F 1.59eA-00!
Category 3/0 1.59e+005
7
2 MI
MI
M
MI W
=I
3
13 IV
18
23rn
CY F.1
0-7 w 1-n CO
1111.11..
m w 1-n m m 1-fl

. Ay
w m m 1-fl
N CV
219
. 611
Rupture of methylene dichloride tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 7.46294 7.59712
10 12.70 7.46294 7.59712
Probability

220
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
79500 45.4204 37.6477
159000 25.1476 23.6508
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 114.13 40 106.198 30
0.1379 59.1941 40 49.7295 30
0.2068 54.852 40 45.2663 30
Probability

221

O RA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8654 13.3
Model: Rupture of methylene
dichloride tank 12.3
Material:
DICHLOROMETHANE 11.3
--
Weathers
10.3
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/0 9.3
8.3
7.3
6.3
5.3
4.3
3.3
CV Cr) LO r-- CO O CV Cr) L.0 LO r-- CO

O RA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8654
dichloride tank
Material: 0.9
DICHLOROMETHANE
Worst Cases @: 0.02068 bar 0.8
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
D L11 D L11 D L11
rx1
O
CO
D L.0 D L11
LO
D L11
CO
DD L.0 DO L11
D
L11 D
rx1
222

ORA-SOLVANTS 44
Audit No: 6654
39
dichloride tank 34
wa,
Material:
DICHLOROMETHANE
29
24 PliM L.
--
Weathers
19
Category 1.5/F 7.95e+00. 14
Category 1.5/F 1.59e+00! 9 V

- Category 3/D 7.95e-l004
4
11
-16
21
26
31
36
41
46
co LO -4- rn -4- rn rn
[,]
223
Leak from petroleum ether tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
7m
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 23.1614 27.4952
10 12.70 18.0555 20.9862
50 18.47 12.7805 14.3571
99 36.56 9.79568 10.0031
Probability

224
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6500 83.5701 74.8247
13000 64.7169 54.6307
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 269.437 80 185.545 70
0.1379 129.05 80 99.9174 70
0.2068 117.954 80 93.1494 70
Probability

225

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8205 45
Model: Leakage of petroleum
ether tank
40
Material: Petroleum ether
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
F4'
§
E
35
30
25
w
_1
9 20
2
73
-a
03
m 15
10
Q0 CV ,r CD CO 0 CV ,r LO CO 0
CA
CV
CV
,r
CV
LO
CV
CO
CV
0
M
CV
M
,r
M
CD
M
CO
M
0
-4
el
-7
,r
-4
CO
-7
Study Folder: Late Exp osion Overpressure vs Distance

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8205
Model: Leakage of petroleum 1
ether tank
Material: Petroleum ether 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
CO CO
CO ti CO Cn CO ti CO 67
226
MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,MM,O..7.
O

OPA- SOLVANTS
Iilih'IN iiiiu"
Miiiiii01 1411 11
Audit No: 6205 76
Model: Leakage of petroleum 111111111Wwww
iE
ether tank
66
MMUS
EMT 10211Mi iiM1111
IIIIII
Material: Petroleum ether 56
--
Weathers 46
NMI eillNI
EI NI1
36
26
ETANNMENNEMMENNEMENNEMENNENE
- IIII
16 FA
Category 3!D 1.3e-+004 p
4
11
1
IN EN
2111..21 NE
14
M
-24
34
44 EMI
1121111110111111111111M111111211
54
ERIS EME
64
74 IRL
MMENNEMEMBE
84
oa 0-7 61 0-7 a-) -7 67
CQ ti ti LO
227
Rupture of petroleum ether tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.7851 25.0277
10 12.70 15.6792 18.5187
50 18.47 10.4043 11.8896
99 36.56 7.41942 7.53558
Probability

228
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6500 108.524 110.266
13000 89.5767 83.4206
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 348.55 100 317.909 100
0.1379 164.356 100 145.901 100
0.2068 149.797 100 134.743 100
Probability

229

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8205 45
Model: Rupture of petroleum
ether tank
40
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
F4'
§
E
35
30
25
w
_1
9 20
-a
03
a 15
10
0
O rA -1- LC, CO 0 C+I -7 LC, CO 0
CA
C-.4
k-,1
-7
r-.1
LO
C-4
CO
C,1
0
CO
CV
CO
-7
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO
0
-7
CV
-4

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8205
Model: Rupture of petroleum
ether tank
Material: Petroleum ether 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
LO CO LO
0
CO
0
0 CO
230
MIEMM:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1i-

OPA- SOLVANTS 120
Audit No: 6205
Model: Rupture of petroleum 100
ether tank
80
AdEKIIIIIMMEIMMENh
--
Weathers
60
Category 1.5 /F 6500 ppm

40 AMOSEMENNEMENNEENEk
Category 1.5 /F 1.3e+004
ANOMMENNEMENNEMENNEENk
- Category 3/D 6600 ppm 20
ItIMMENNEMENNEMENNEffEl
Category 3!D 1.3e-+004 p
IMEEMNEE N
20
40
60
80
-100
1EM OSI NIIMI
MENNEMEMENNEMENNEMONF
INISOMINMENIONINIP
'41111111111111111111111PP'
-120
D
CV
D D
D
o
Cl
D
co
D
ti D
Lc.
o D D
cr)
D
CY
o D D D
CV
D
cr)
o o D
Lc,
D
r---
o
co
o
C)
D
O
D o
CV
1UN 231
Leak from propanol tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 24.6081 26.4128
10 12.70 21.6385 23.8011
50 18.47 17.4487 19.9626
99 36.56 10.3733 11.2318
Probability

232
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
10000 25.5318 26.3884
20000 18.1445 17.4522
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 59.554 20 49.1299 20
0.1379 30.2415 20 27.5425 20
0.2068 27.9247 20 25.8362 20
Probability

233

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 70
Model: Leakage of Propanol
65
tank
Material: ISOPROPANOL 60
--
Weathers
56
1
Category 1.5/F F`l

E
50
Category 3/D § 45
.T1.) 40
.1
-, 36
9rd 30
3
73 25
cc
20
15
10
6 --------2=="-ftb..rm-
0
0 r`.4 -7 CD CO 0 r`.4 -zr CO CO 0
CA
r`.4
CA
-1-
CA
CD
CA
CO
CA CO
CV
CO
-1-
CO
CD
CO

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Propanol 1
tank
Material: ISOPROPANOL 0.9
_ 0.8
--
Weathers
'c
Category 1.5/F 0.7

.-1-).
Category 3/D .
0-)
0-) 0.6
2
=
.2
01 0.5
t, 0.4
o>
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
D el -1- CD CO 0 CA -7 CD CO 0
CA
CA
CA
-7
CA
LO
CA
CO
CA
0
CO
CA
CO
-7
k-0
LO
CO
CO
CO
0t CAt -7
-7
-
LO
-7 t 0
CO
I-D
CA
LD
-7 LO
(0 In
CO
LO3
0
CD
234
1
OPA- SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Propanol
tank
Material: ISOPROPANOL
23
18 lil
11111P.P.gliiii111
11111111h
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 1 e+004

Category 1.5/F 2e-F004
p
p
13
8_ NIN NUM
-7-
12
17
111 111
111111kWIPIIIIIW
22
41111111 --------- IPPP'
27
c IZ CO IZ IZ IZ N-
CY CY CV
235
Sc # 1 Rupture of propanol tank : pool fire , Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 22.5134 24.3128
10 12.70 19.5438 21.7012
50 18.47 15.3539 17.8626
99 36.56 8.27851 9.1319
Probability

236
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 111111
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
10000 23.3205 26.512
20000 14.528 14.2424
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 82.5682 10 79.6864 10
0.1379 34.5399 10 31.0826 10
0.2068 31.2506 10 28.5755 10
Probability

237
II 1M 1M 1M III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III 1M 1M 1M 4

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266 70
Model: Rupture of Propanol
65
tank
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
F`l
§
E
56
50
45
.T1.) 40
.1
-, 35
03
30
3
73 25
cc
20
15
10
0
. ,- , , ,-.,, 41 LO N- CO a) 0 %- CV CO -1- LEI LO M1- CO 61 0
N ,-
CA
r.4
r-4
CO
C,1
',1"
CV
41
C,1
LO
C-.1
N-
r-4
CO
C-.1
61
,--4
0
mmromm
%- CA -1- CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Rupture of Propanol 1
tank
Material: ISOPROPANOL 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
LEI 0
CO
LP
CO
0 40
In LO ID CO
238

OPA- SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
23
Model: Rupture of Propanol
tank
--
Weathers
13
Category 1.5/F 1 e+004
Category 1.5/F 2e-F004
p
p 8-
3-
-2-
-7 -
12
17
22
27
0-) I-- IZ 6, rk IZ CO IZ rk 6, IZ 6, IZ
CV kxi CV CV
239
Leak from pyridine tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 27.4682 28.8679
10 12.70 24.2876 26.09
50 18.47 19.9754 22.2676
99 36.56 12.4929 13.93
Probability

240
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
9000 12.1133 17.6607
18000 4.47611 10.6677
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 16.5168 10 28.1944 10
0.1379 11.6874 10 14.711 10
0.2068 11.3056 10 13.6452 10
Probability

241
M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M3M

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8654 90
Model: Leakage of pyridine
tank
80
Material: PYRIDINE
--
Weathers
70
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E
Category 3/D § 60
50
w
_1
9 40
4
-rd
-a
[O
a 30
20
10
0
. , t LO CO 0 CV 'I' LO CO 0
C-.1
CV
C-.1
zr
C-.1
CD
CV
CO
CV
0
CO
CA
CO
-zr
CO
CD
CO
CO
CO
0-4

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 8654
Model: Leakage of pyridine 1
tank ( I
Material: PYRIDINE 0.9

- 0.8
--
Weathers
_m
I
Category 1.5/F 0.7
.-1-).
.
DI
JL
Category 3/D
a-, 0.6
2
.2
01 0.5
t 0.4
8
0.3
0.2
0.1
a
. - CV CO -zr 40 CD r-- co m o - el CO -zr 1-1-1 CD r-- co o-) o
CV C-.1
CV
CV co
CA
zr
CV
I-0
C-.1
LO
CV
r--
CA
co
C-.1
0-)
CV
242
I

OPA- SOLVANTS 18
Audit No: 6654 16
Model: Leakage of pyridine
14
tank
Material: PYRIDINE 12
--
Weathers 10
8
mom= =now=
-
Category 1.5 /F 1.8e+004
6
rArAmmmip-_
4
M
Category 3!D 1 Bed-004 p
EINIMPIPEM
0
-2
-4 -- mEommmii--1-1===w4rA
-6
8
=min= mmpraci.
10
12
14
16
18
on w co
243
MMMMMMMMMUMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.Mlf'
Rupture of pyridine tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 25.6723 27.1905
10 12.70 22.4918 24.4126
50 18.47 18.1795 20.5903
99 36.56 10.697 12.2526
Probability

244
In
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
9000 11.9201 13.1821
18000 5.22795 5.16537
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 38.0849 10 29.53 10
0.1379 17.2719 10 15.0568 10
0.2068 15.6268 10 13.9128 10
Probability

245
II 1M 1M 1M III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 8654 90
Model: Rupture of pyridine
tank
80
Material: PYRIDINE
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
-r7
§
E
70
60
1\11111\,
50
cu
_1
9 40
rd
-a
03
a 30
20
10
0
0 CV -1- LO CO 0 CV zr LO CO 0
CA
CV
CV
-zr
CA
LO
CV
CO
CA
0
M
CV
M
,r
M
LO CO
M
Study Folder: Late Explosion Overpressure vs Di stance

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 8654
tank
1
r
Material: PYRIDINE 0.9
- 0.8
--
Weathers
'c
Category 1.5/F 0.7

-1-).
Category 3/D .
DI
mI
D 0.6
)
2
=
01 0.5
0.4
8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
o k-,4 -zr CD CO 0 CA -1- CD CO 0
CV
CV
CV
,I'
CV
CD
CV
CO
CA
0M
- CV
M
-1- LO CO
246
I
II I

OPA- SOLVANTS 14
Audit No: 6654
12
tank 10
Material: PYRIDINE
--
Weathers 8
6
Category 1.5/F 1.8e+004 4

2
-2-
4
-8
N C7 67 DD N- IN LU V LU LO rz CO 0-7 0 CI CO -4
247
II Il
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Leak from tetrahydrofuran tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 10.7579 11.7477
10 12.70 9.25981 9.29675
50 18.47 9.25981 9.29675
Probability

248
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
10000 39.7221 36.4754
20000 30.3931 25.881
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 115.903 30 87.1223 30
0.1379 52.2424 30 44.7904 30
0.2068 47.2107 30 41.4445 30
Probability

249
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I

OPA-SOLVANTS 20
Audit No: 12122 19
Model: Leakage of 18
tetrahydrofuran tank
17
Material:
TETPAHYDPOFURAN 16
--
Weathers 15
F.,
E 14
Category 1.5.1F
§. 13
Category 3/D
ri) 12
1 11
_1
s 10
713 9
c., g
is
7
6
6
4
3
-----------,_
2
.=. - r.., m -zr LE) Lo r-- co 0-) .=. - CV CO -1- W CO 1--- CO 0-) CI
CA
./-
CA
(N
r CO
CA
',I-
CA
L.0
r LEI
CA
r-- CO0 ./- CA
rAmmmm
r rl 0? Cc)

OPA-SOLVANTS 20
Audit No: 12122 19
Model: Leakage of 18 1
17
Material:
TETPAHYDIROFURAN 16
--
Weathers 15
Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
i-
E 14
13
12
r:u
.1.) 11
_1
g 10
7, 9
'-E
03 6
a
7
6
6
4
3
2
,=, - Cpl m -1- Lc) LO r-- CO 0? 0 .,- CA CO -1- W CO 1--- CO 0-) D ./-
CV CA
r.-1
CV
CO
CA
',I-
CA
L.0
CV
LEI
CA
r--
r CO
CV
0?
CA
0
CO
./-
CO
CA
CO
Cc)
CO
250
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 11.11M
II 1M 1M 1M III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1

it

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 12122
Model: Leakage of
40
35 =MN! MEM
1111111111.
tetrahydrofuran tank 30
Material: 25
TETRAHYDROFURAN
--
Weathers 20
MATill======11111611M
Category 1.5 /F
Category 1.5/F 2e+004
1 e+004 p
p
15
10 F
r
rAVII========ILIM
==========MM
- Category 3!D 1e+004 ppr
Category 3/0 2e+004 ppr
5
0 MiNIMMMMMMMMMMIMM
MM1============
-10
-5
==========WAM ME11========lrAFA
15
MiniEll======l1PMEIM
-
20
25
30
MEM
-35
40 =MM." LEI
251
.IN
Rupture of tetrahydrofuran tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 8.88844 9.95138
10 12.70 7.39035 7.50039
50 18.47 7.39035 7.50039
Probability

252
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
10000 44.8717 47.2388
20000 34.2044 32.2257
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 150.561 40 139.199 20
0.1379 68.6271 40 60.1873 20
0.2068 62.151 40 55.6205 20
Probability

253

it

ORA-SOLVANTS
19.5
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of 18.5
tetrahydrofuran tank 17.5
Material: 16.5
TETRAHYDROFURAN
15.5
--
Weathers
.c 14.5
E
Category 1.5/F §- 13.5
Category 3ID 12.5
7)
11.5
_1
0
-,t 9.5
8.5
is10.5
03
7.5
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
O - r.-, k.-,) ..1- C) CO r--- CO 0-) 0 .,- CA C.i ',1- 0) CO 1--- CO C) 0
CV
,-
n-1
C.-1
CI
LY)
CA
-zr
r-.1
Ls)
n-1
C) r--
CA
CO
CA
0-)
CV

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 12122
Model: Rupture of 1
Material: 0.9
TETRAHYDROFURAN
Worst Cases @: 0.02068 bar - 'c.To
0.8
--
Weathers _.
CD
0.7
0)
Category 1.5/F =
,.,,
0-) 6
Category 3/0 .
=
co 0.5
C0
'2
cu
0.4
O
0.3
0.2
0.1 ,--
0
oLoomomomoizomaizoLnomomolzomaizoLnolzomo
,- ,- in in ,i- 0 0 CV ,rCV ..1- CD CD CD LO 1--- r-- CO CO 0-1 07 -,- -,- CA C,I CO CO -zr LP LO CO
254
I

is

QRA- SOLVANTS 47
Audit No: 12122 42
Model: Rupture of
37
Material: 32
TETRAHYDROFURAN 27
--
Weathers 22
17
Category 1.5/F e+004
Category 1.5 /F 2e+004
1 p
p
12-
-
7
Category 3!D 1ed-1304 ppr
2 -
Category 3/0 2e+004 ppr
-3 -
-
-13
-8
18
-
-23
28
33
38
43
-48co
CO CO CO CV r---
255
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMI['
Leak from toluene tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 22.1463 26.0409
10 12.70 17.6126 20.4017
50 18.47 12.337 13.7732
99 36.56 9.3489 9.37164
Probability

256
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6000 24.487 24.8934
12000 17.2852 16.7777
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 61.861 20 51.2446 20
0.1379 30.8389 20 28.09 20
0.2068 28.3869 20 26.2599 20
Probability

257
:N3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f: '''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4068 45
Model: Leakage of toluene
tank
40
Material: TOLUENE
--
Weathers
35
'r71
Category 1.5/F E
Category 3/D § 30
25
w
_1
9 20
-a
03
a 15
10
0
o rA -1- Lc. CO 0 CV -7 CD CO 0
CA
CV
CV
-7
CA
LO
CV
CO
CA
0
CO C-
CO
-7
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO

ORA-SOLVANTS 1.1
Audit No: 4068
Model: Leakage of toluene 1
tank
0.9 1
Material: TOLUENE
_ 0.8
--
Weathers
'c
_m
Category 1.5/F 0.7

.-1-).
Category 3/D .
0-)
a-,
-) 0.6
2
=
.2
co 0.5
0.4
8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
o rA -1- Lc. CO 0 CV -7 CD CO 0
CV
CV
CV
-7
CV
LO
CV
CO
C-.1
0
CO
C-.4
CO
-7
CO
LO
CO
CO
CO
0
-,1-
C+I
-7 -7
-7 CD
-,1-
CO
-z1-
0414147-7
CA CD
Ln
CO
41
0
LO
CV
LO
258
II"

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4066
Model: Leakage of toluene
tank
Material: TOLUENE
--
Weathers


259
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II.1111
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMI['
Rupture of toluene tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.1872 24.1944
10 12.70 15.6535 18.5552
50 18.47 10.3779 11.9268
99 36.56 7.3898 7.52519
Probability

260
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6000 21.5889 22.8675
12000 13.361 13.1862
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 78.0208 10 78.2138 10
0.1379 31.4714 10 27.6622 10
0.2068 28.8763 10 25.7985 10
Probability

261

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4068 45
Model: Rupture of toluene
tank
40
Material: TOLUENE
--
Weathers
35
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E
Category 3/D § 30
25
w
_1
9 20
-a
03
a 15
10
0
D el ,i- co co D r.,, -1- LO CO 0
CA
CV
C,1
-4
C,1
LO
r-4
CO
k--.1 CO
1
CO
-4
CO
CD
CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4068
tank
Material: TOLUENE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
C7
N m V LO LO ti
262

ORA-SOLVANTS 22
Audit No: 4066
tank 17
Material: TOLUENE
,411111111M111111.116.
--
Weathers
12

A11111111111111111113111L
Category 3!D 1.2e+004 p 2 1111121111111111101111
11111111111111111111111
111101111111111101111'
'N111111111111111.'
---memmomiloww-
23
rn M M M LU w rn M
N CV
263
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMI['
Leak from triethylamine tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 22.5434 26.8054
10 12.70 17.7626 20.7193
50 18.47 12.5541 14.0056
99 36.56 9.51365 9.63977
Probability

264
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6000 34.0829 34.6323
12000 25.524 24.6852
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 104.276 30 82.3647 30
0.1379 49.2318 30 43.5585 30
0.2068 44.8812 30 40.4913 30
Probability

265
Sc # 2 Rupture of triethylamine tank : pool fire , Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.4097 24.6569
10 12.70 15.6289 18.5708
50 18.47 10.4204 11.8571
99 36.56 7.37992 7.49128
Probability

Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
6000 34.0898 36.6357
12000 25.4011 24.0616
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 117.769 30 111.05 20
0.1379 52.7256 30 45.975 20
0.2068 47.5845 30 42.3611 20
Probability

267
Leak from vinyl acetate tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 26.1779 28.9445
10 12.70 22.4658 25.5673
50 18.47 17.1073 19.7437
99 36.56 9.79741 10.4086
Probability

268
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
13000 30.1794 28.5765
26000 22.51 20.2546
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 92.493 30 62.6856 20
0.1379 46.181 30 31.0524 20
0.2068 42.5205 30 28.5521 20
Probability

269
1M 1M A A A AA A A AA A A AA A A A AA A A 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M AA A A AA A A AA 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M

ORA-SOLVANTS 70
Audit No: 4266
65
Model: Leakage of Vinyl
Acetate tank 60
Material: VINYL ACETATE
56
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
E
50
46
40
.T1.)
36
_1
o 30
...
03
.-a
03
26
cc
20
15
10
0
0 CV -1- CO CO 0 CV -1- CO CO 0
CA
CV
CA
-zr
CA
CD
CI
CO
CI
0
CO
CA
CO
-zr
CO
CD
CO
CO
CO
0
-4
Study Folder: Late Explosion Overpressure vs Di stance

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Vinyl
Acetate tank
Material: VINYL ACETATE 0.9
0.8 (
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/D
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1-1-1 0 40 0
C,1
LI)
CV
0
CO
Ln
CO
0
-7 V
0 1-11
LO
LE) LEI
CO CO D
0-7
270
MN
II 1M 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 1M 111 111 111 4

ORA-SOLVANTS
29
Audit No: 4266
Model: Leakage of Vinyl -..."111111111
Acetate tank
24
19 11
--
Weathers
14
Category 1.5/F 2.6ed-004 9
- Category 3/0 1.3e+004

Category 3/D 2.6e+004
p
p
4
I
I
11
L
,4i
16
21
26 AIM
31
-M11111111101....
c,)
- - w rn r_ Ln m rn m
-....000111111111
- m L.n h- 0-7
N
m In rk
r".1 N N rq rn
0-7
271
Rupture of vinyl acetate tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 24.249 27.1323
10 12.70 20.5369 23.7551
50 18.47 15.1784 17.9314
99 36.56 7.86851 8.59634
Probability

272
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
13000 42.7599 40.9924
26000 30.0114 26.4748
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 140.445 30 134.106 20
0.1379 63.9364 30 54.8697 20
0.2068 58.5215 30 49.2436 20
Probability

273

Q RA -SOLVANTS 70
Audit No: 4266
65
Model: Rupture of Vinyl
Acetate tank 60
55
--
Weathers
50
Category 1.5/F
45
Category 3/0
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
CV LO CO 0 CV ,1" CD CO 0 CV
N
LO CO
m
LO CO

O RA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4266
Acetate tank
Material: VINYL ACETATE 0.9
0.8
--
Weathers
Category 1.5/F 0.7

Category 3/0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00 40 o Lf1 o
N
Ln
C,1
0
CO
40
CO v Lnv 0
0 41
40
47
0
LO
1-11
LO
o Ln
N-
0
CO
40
CO
o
67
Lf)
67
o 0 o
0 Ln Lf) o Ln
C'.1
0
CO
40
CO
o-7 Lf)
274
15

ORA-SOLVANTS 42
Audit No: 4266
37
===PP"-- -."14.1MM
Acetate tank
32
27 =MP" -141.M
--
Weathers
22

17
12 V
p
p
7
-13
18
-23
28
33
-38
43m
N- N- N
Cr)
275
Leak from xylene tank: pool fire, Explosion, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 22.0509 25.7466
10 12.70 17.672 20.4447
50 18.47 12.3945 13.7595
99 36.56 9.41393 9.40494
Probability

276
Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
5500 7.42544 10.3696
11000 2.71882 2.65153
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 13.3953 10 13.3953 10
0.1379 10.8791 10 10.8791 10
0.2068 10.6802 10 10.6802 10
Probability

277

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4068 45
Model: Leakage of Xylene
tank
40
Material: M-XYLENE
--
Weathers
36
Category 1.5/F 'r7
E
Category 3/D § 30
25
w
_1
9 20
.-a
03
cc 15
10
oo rA -1- CO CO 0 CV ',I- CO CO Co CV zr CD CO Co 1' CD CO

CA CV CA CV k-.1 CO (N
CO CO CO CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4068
Worst Cases @: 1
Weathers
- Worst Case @0.1379 bai

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
o (1) .1" (1) Co Co LO Co CO Co CO Co C7 Co (fl N Co (fl .1"
LO CO
278
F

ORA-SOLVANTS 11
Audit No: 4066

Model: Leakage of Xylene
tank
ITEM
Material: M-XYLENE
Milr'1111
--
Weathers

Category 1.5/F le-E004
-
1

Category 3!D 1 1ed-004 p
111
III
MEMO MEM
11
0 07 CO CO in w LO CO 67 .0
279
Rupture of xylene tank: pool fire, Flash fire

Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
follows:
Pool Fire Model

Percent Lethality
(kW/m2) F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
1 9.33 20.0428 23.868
10 12.70 15.6639 18.5661
50 18.47 10.3864 11.8808
99 36.56 7.40585 7.52632
Probability

Flash Fire/ VCE
Parameters
Capacity 30 KL
Flash Fire Model
Distance (m)
Concentration (ppm)
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)
5500 7.76824 8.17247

11000 3.91326 3.99465
Vapour Cloud Explosion Model:
F (1.5 m/s) D (3 m/s)

Damage
Type
0.02068 No hazard - No hazard -
Probability

281

ORA-SOLVANTS
Audit No: 4068 45
Model: Rupture of xylene
tank
40
Material: M-XYLENE
Weathers
-- Category 1.5/F
Category 3/D
-r7
E
§
35
30
25
a.)
_i
9 20
-a
03
cc 15
10
0
r.,, -1- co co o r`.4 zr LO CO 0
r-1
r..1
r-4
',I'
C,1
LC,
CV
CO
r-1
0
CO
C-.4
CO
I'
CO
LC,
CO

ORA-SOLVANTS
7.8
Audit No: 4068
Model: Rupture of xylene 6.8
tank 5.8
Material: M-XYLENE
4.8
--
Weathers
3.8
Category 1.5 /F 5500 ppm 2.8
Category 1.5/F le-E004
-
-
1
1.8
Category 3!D 1 1ed-004 p
0.8-
-0.2
-1.2-
-2.2
-3.2
4.2
-5.2
6.2
7.2
8.2
N r--- N r--- N r--- N M1 CV n r--- N r--- N m co m CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
CO r-;- ti LO LC, LO -1- -1- m [r] =, C. 0 0 N r".1 M V V 47 LO C.4 LO r---
282
ANNEXURE - WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
Ut.61,1.1PET It tvi
rtURUMRY MARCH
.41iliuhRY
APRIL
.11)1.Y
OCTOBER ocuotER
P1 l'ont (swot of ebutronliecis

- -
FREQUENCY CPERCENri
r-t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 TO 00 90 CO
C - *mint of calm as petcentag of
Isa MO! SPEW INe./14,1
14 4.11 iif0 20.11 n139.49 49
283
M.MMIEMMINMIM II MMMMMMMMMMM II II II II II
M.M.M.M. .M1 MAN IN M. ALM IN
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor . .
ANN EXURE
BlO DATA OF EXPERTS
Name Madan Gavane
Address 404, the Legend. E-mail: mgavane@yahoo.com

2-2-11/1, D.D.Colony Phone No: 040-2742 8205
Hyderabad-500 007 Mobile: 09849170493
Date of birth : 18th June 1953 Passport No: E 6717407
Qualification : M.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) from UDCT Bombay

MBA (Safety Management) form AMU, Chennai
Positions Held: Consulting HSE Engineer: July 2007 till date

Consultant: M/s chem. Design Company, Chilworth Global, SGS, in the
field of safety Engineering, Safety Audit, Risk Analysis, Hazop study
Consulting HSE Engineer: July 2002 to June 2007
Employer: Chem Design Company, A consultancy organization in the field
of safety engineering, Audit, Risk Analysis, Hazop studies
Technical Advisor (HSE) Dec 1992 to June 2002
Employer: General Company for Chemical Industries, Libya, a
Petrochemical Company.
UNIDO (HSE) Expert Dec 1985 to Dec 1992
Employer: United Nations Industrial Development Organization,
Vienna, Austria, an UN Organization
Sr. Chemical Engineer April 1979 to Dec 1985
Employer: Standard Alkali, Bombay, a Mafatlal Group company
Development Engineer June 1978 to April 1979
Employer: Hindustan Lever, Bombay, a Unilever Group
284
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III
Experience : Over 30 years in Oil and Gas, Petroleum and

Petrochemicals Industries Chemicals & Pharmaceutical in following
departments
Safety : HAZID, HAZOP, QRA, Process Safety, Safety-
Audit, Safety Training
Projects : Planning, Engineering, Procurement, Construction,
Erection and commissioning
Production : Planning, Maintaining Process parameters for
meeting Quantity & Quality of products Experience in operation of most
of the chemical equipments like reactors, distillation, absorption columns,
crystallizers and driers etc
Technical Services : Trouble Shooting, Process modifications, Energy
Conservation, Pollution Control etc
Global Experience : Visited USA, UK, Germany, Switzerland, Italy,
Netherlands Austria, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh for various
Assignments and conferences
Details of experience:
From July 2007 till date working as Consulting process Safety-Engineer with Ws Chilworth
Global UK, SGS Switzerland, Chem Design Co, India in the field of Process Safety
Did HAZOP, Studies, Qualitative Risk Analysis, Safety Audit, Process Safety Management
Reports for the following Major Industries
Cairn Energy , Oil fields at Krishna Godavari Basin

Hindustan Petroleum Refinery, Vishakhapatnam
Kurnapuli Fertilizer , Bangladesh
Bihar Caustic & Chemicals, Jharkhand
Bharat Petroleum Refinary, Kochi
Indian Oil Corporation , Mathura
Gujrat Gas Natural Gas Pipe line
Technip, for HAZOP of CCR unit of refinery
Vedanta Aluminum, Smelter nad Power plant
Torrent Energy Gas based combined power plant
285
'ii.
II II II II II I11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 1111111111111111111111 II II II II II II II II II II II II II.
Apart from the above many small projects of training, safety audits of many pharmaceutical and
fine chemical industries were carried out
From July 2003 till June 2007 worked as Consulting HSE-Engineer for Chem Design Company,
Hyderabad
Did HAZOP, Studies, Qualitative Risk Analysis, Safety Audit, Process Safety Management Reports
for the following Major Industries
Cormandal fertilizers- Vishakpatnam
Godavri fertilizers - Kakinada
Nagarjuna Fertilezers-Kakinad
GMR' Power project- Rajmundry
Alkali Metals, Two Units ,Hyderabad
IOCL, LPG facilities and Bottling Hyderabad
Arch Pharma , Hyderabad
Ashian Herbex, Hyderabad
Hetero Drugs Pvt Ltd
From Dec 1992 till June 2003 worked as Technical Advisor for General Company for Chemical
Industries (GCCI), Libya. GCCI is a state owned Petrochemical company of Libya, overall in
charge of Technical Dept and HSE
1- Did process modifications and trouble shooting in the following plants and was
responsible for the Process safety
Table Salt plant - 360 TPD by Evaporative crystallization Messo Technology
Caustic-chlorine plant: 150 TPD UHDE -Germany Technology plant

EDC-VCM plant: 60,00TPY UHDE -GermanyTechnology plant
PVC Plant: 60,.000 TPY Vestolit-Germany Technology plant
Utilities plants like Sea water Desalination, Steam Generation, Nitrogen etc
2- Did basic engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning of the following
plants and was responsible for HSE during the construction and commissioning stage
286
i1 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II IIIN
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 31
Liquid caustic soda export by ship from GCCI's Jetty by laying pipe line storages and
pumping station. Contractor Salzgitter, Germany
:
Sulphuric acid concentration plant for concentrating 78% sulphuric acid to 98% in
multiple effect evaporators. Contractor: Plinke , Germany.
Granulation plant for the production of PVC granules 30 TPD Contractor Refienhauser
: ,
Germany
Industrial and drinking water plant by Reverse Osmosis 100 cubic meter per hour.
Contractor: Uniha . Austria.
New compressed Air station for Instrument and service Air 6000 Nm3 per hour.
Contractor Atlas capco
:
Extension of Boiler House by installation of new boiler of 20 TPH. Contractor: Standard

Kessel. Germany
Air separation for the production of 500Nm3 per hour Nitrogen. Contractor; KTI,
Netherlands
Cooling water treatment for treatment of 7000 Nm3 per hour by adding suitable
inhibitors. Contractor: NALCO , Italy
Modification of Ethylene di Chloride storage & EDC cracking furnace for doing external
evaporation. Contractor Krupp Uhde , Germany
:
Installation of two 5000 Nm3 fuel oil storages Contracto: Montubi, Italy
Installation of 8000 Nm3 Ethylene Storage double wall tank with opt temp - 104°C
From Dec 1985 till Dec 1992 Worked as UNIDO-HSE expert in United Nations Industrial
Organization, Austria, for the Safety of Libya's Petroleum, Petrochemical, Fertilizer and
Industrial Gases Industries.
Did HAZOP, Studies, Qualitative Risk Analysis, Safety Audit, Process Safety Management Reports
for the following Libyan Industries
Azawia Oil Refinary , Azawia
NAPTCO Oil and Fertilizer company, Bengazi
General company for chemical Industries , Petrochemical company, Abukamash
RASCO, Petroleum and Petrochemical company, Raslanuf
General Company for Industrial Gases, Zanzur
287
From April 1979 till Dec 1985 worked as a Sr. Chemical Engineer in Production and Technical
Services with M/s Standard Industries. Standard Industries is involved in production of Caustic
Soda, Chlorine, and chlorine derivatives such as Carbon tetra chloride, ethyl chloride and
Chloroform.
Modifications, design and execution for the improving quantity & quality of Products
Handling of the new projects by doing basic engineering.
Preparation of tender documents for the new projects.
Improvement in Safety, health and Environment by suggesting new techniques.
Follow up with operation and maintenance of the plants
From June 1978 till April 1979 Worked as research Assistant for Hindustan Lever on a project for
the design of distillation column
Assisting design work

Follow-up Fabrication of the distillation column
Installation of the column
Trial run on the column and results
288
.
Service Expert No - 2:
Name Thirumalaprasad Elishala

Address H. No -5-5-833, E-mail :etprasad@gmail.com
Chinthalkuta Check post Phone No : 040-2402 7890
L.B.Nagar, Hyd -500 074 Mobile : 091600 95544
Date of birth : 23rd June 1983 Passport No :
Qualification : B. Tech. (Chemical Engineering) from JNTU Hyderabad

PG Diploma (Safety Management) form AMU, Chennai
Computer Knowledge:
Packages Ms Office, C, C++, Oracle 10g,
Languages Fox Pro, UNIX
Operating System Windows 98 / XP / 2000 / Vista / Windows7.
Details of Employment:
Organization Chem Design Company Pvt ltd,
Place Hyderabad
Period 2008 September to till now.
Nature of work:
Preparation of Safety Audit Reports,

Preparation of QRA,
Preparation of HARA Report,
Participation & Preparation of HAZOP Report.
Preparation of Onsite emergency plan
Internet browsing, E-mail.
Data Collection during preparation of Reports.
PLACE : Hyderabad
DATE (THIRUMALAPRASAD ELISHALA)
289

06092014GENP6DEHHaraReportAlmeloPvtLtdUnitII PDF

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Almelo Pvt. Ltd.

, Unit-II HARA Report

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND

M/S. Almelo Pvt. Ltd. Unit-11

Proposed Organization Chart 22

Water / Air Reactant Chemicals: 52

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H. HARA Report

Svy No. 227, 228 & 137, (136)

3 Latitude 17 °48'19 "N

70 Bulk Drugs & their intermediates on

8 Capacity of DG set DG sets (250 KVA and 2 x 350 KVA)

308 KLD of which fresh water requirement was

11 Total Fuel Requirement Coal 52 TPD for 2 x 5 TPH & 3 TPH

result of the establishment, the Indian pharmaceutical and healthcare market is

proposed project site is located at a distance of about 22 km from Hyderabad (ORR),

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report

Proposed Bulk Drugs on campaign basis (9 products at a time)

10 Pramipexole Dihydrochloride 2 Anti Parkinsonian

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H. HARA Report

27 Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride 12 Anti-Histaminic

56 Nicardipine Hydrochloride 2 Anti-hypertensive

Maximum production capacity on various Combinations (any 9 products at a time)

Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment studies.

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

products and the storage of raw material, solvents and products.

Storages of solvents in above ground tanks:

Storage of Solvents / Raw materials ware houses:

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report

Occupational Health & Safety (OHS)

executed. Sufficient funds will be allocated to meet the requirements.

Recommendations are Based on

Discussion with the company officials

with the well-established safe practices in similar installations, It can be reasonably

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H. HARA Report

diverse range of advanced intermediates.

1.3 Regulatory Framework

1.4 Proposed Project

1.5 Project Site

Hazard & Risk Assessment

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report

Site Details, Environment, Accessibility

Village / Mandal / District Shabashpally / Shivampeta / Medak

2. Total Plant Area 23.278 acres

3. Type of Project Bulk Drugs & Intermediates manufacturing facility

7. Nearest habitation Annaraugudem (1.7 km S), Gopalpet (1.7 km E) and

12. Nearest tourist places Nil

14. Archaeological importance Nil within 10 km radius

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - II. HARA Report

SI. No. Particulars Details

15. Ecological sensitive zones Nil within 10 km radius

2. Gobbagurti RF: 8.6 km W

Almelo Pvt Ltd Unit - H. HARA Report

SI. No. Longitude Latitude

:).y.c! 5. 1 1.1 1 . 71 !)::: i

Fig. 1.2: Google map showing project boundaries

Proposed Bulk Drugs on campaign basis (9 products at a time)

10 Pramipexole Dihydrochloride 2 Anti Parkinsonian

55 Lurasidone Hydrochloride 8 Anti-psychotic

will be as given below:

15, Shift 06.00 to 14.00 hrs

Organization Chart is furnished below.

Proposed Organization Chart