Arch. Seriosa - JPT RMP Review Module PDF

JPT Review Notes for Master Plumber Board Exam Prepared by: Arch. Jerald B.
Seriosa
PIPES AND FITTINGS

Pipe – a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular dimensions commonly
known as “pipe size” and is denoted by its interior diameter or I.D.
- National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
A cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular dimensions commonly

known as “pipe size”.
- Uniform Plumbing Code
Fitting – used to join two or more pipes together or to change their directions.
Drainage pipe – this is the pipe that conveys waste from the building to an approved point of
disposal.
Types of Drainage Pipes:
- Waste pipe
- Soil pipe
- Storm pipe
- Vent pipe
Waste pipe – a pipe which conveys only wastewater or liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
Soil pipe – any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures having
similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or
building sewer.
Storm pipe – a pipe which conveys the rainwater from the roof gutter to the downspout and
discharges it to the building storm drain.
Vent pipe – a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and
for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
“Branch” is a pipe that runs horizontally.
“Stack” is a pipe that runs vertically.
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JPT Review Notes for Master Plumber Board Exam Prepared by: Arch. Jerald B. Seriosa
Asbestos Cement Pipe – this kind of pipe is made of fibrous carcinogenic silicate mineral
combined with Portland cement. This pipe is remarkably superior for embedment in concrete
structure for having the same material properties. Used as soil pipe, waste pipe, vent and
downspout.
Types of Asbestos Cement Pipe:
1. Pressure A.C. pipe – is used for sewer mains, industrial effluent and process piping.
Working pressure ranges at 100, 150, and 200 psi.
2. Non-pressure A.C. pipe – is used for sewer castings for electric cables and as storm
drains.
Specifications:
Diameter: 75mm (3”) – 900mm (13”)
Length: 3.00m (10’) – 4.00m (13’) for 75mm,

100mm, 150mm
4.00m (13’) for 200mm
Grades: 1500, 2400, 3000, 4000, and 5000 lbs.

/ft.
Joints: rubber gasket joint and cement joint.
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Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP) – made form an alloy of iron, carbon and silicon, with the controlled
amounts of manganese, sulfur and phosphorous. This is primarily used for sanitary drain, waste
and storm systems.
Classifications of Cast Iron Soil Pipe:
1. Class A/ extra heavy duty (XV) – is often used for underground installations.
2. Class B/ service weight (SV) – is used for general building installations.
Types of Cast Iron Soil Pipe:
1. Single hub – is constructed with one hub and one spigot end and used in the installation
of plumbing in its full length.
2. Double hub – is constructed with a hub on each end so it may be cut into two pieces
when a short piece of pipe is needed.
3. Hubless – are cast iron soil pipe with plain ends connected together with bolted stainless
steel bands and neoprene gaskets.
Specifications:
Diameter: 2”, 3”, 4”, 5”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 15”
Length: 5’ and 10’
Hydrostatic Test: 50 psi for service weight (SV)
100 psi for extra heavy duty (XV)
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Types of Joints for Cast Iron Soil Pipe
- Lead and Oakum (calking)

- Neoprene Compression gasket
- Stainless Steel Coupling
“Oakum” hemp treated with pitch to make it moisture proof and resistant to the elements
contained in the waste.
“Calking” is plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are pounded into the
annular opening.
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“Hub” that portion of the pipe which, for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the
end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked or push-on joint.
Also known as Bell.
“Spigot” the end of the pipe that fits into a bell.
Fittings for Cast Iron Soil Pipe
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Note:
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
Section 311 – Prohibited Fittings and Practices
311.1 No double hub fitting for lead-caulked joint in vertical position, single or double tee
branch; single or double tapped tee branch, side inlet quarter bend, running thread, band or
saddle shall be used as a drainage fitting, except that a double hub sanitary tapped tee may be
used on vertical lines as a fixture connection. (Approved stainless bands with neoprene gaskets
for jointing of hubless cast iron soil pipes are acceptable for use.)
Section 315 – Hangers and Supports
315.1 Vertical Piping
Attachment – vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipes in
alignment and carry its weight and contents.
315.1.1 Cast Iron Soil Pipe – Bell & Spigot and Hubless pipe shall be supported at every storey
or closer.
315.2 Horizontal Piping
315.2.2 Cast Iron Soil Pipe – where joints occur, suspended cast iron soil pipe shall be
supported at not more than 1.5 meters intervals; except that pipe exceeding 1.5 meters length,
may be supported at not more than 3 meters intervals. Supports shall be adequate to maintain
alignment and to prevent sagging and shall be placed within 0.45 meters of the hub or joint.
Hubless or compression gasket joints must be supported at least at every other joint except that
when the developed length between supports exceeds 1.2 meters, they shall be provided at each
joint. Support shall also be provided at each horizontal branch connection, placed on or
immediately adjacent to the coupling.
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Concrete Pipe – Concrete pipe is cast in metal molds and compacted by tamping or spinning the
molds.
Types of Concrete Pipe:
1. Non-reinforced concrete pipe – is used for drainage, sewer lines and for gravity-flow
water supply lines of the joints are carefully made. Diameters of the pipe are available in
range from 100mm (4”) – 900mm (36”).
2. Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) – is made by the addition of steel wire or steel bars and
is primarily used for sewage and storm drainage. Diameters of the pipe are available in
range from 300mm (12”) – 3600mm (144”).
Vitrified Clay Pipe – Vitrified clay pipe is extruded from a suitable grade of shale or clay
and fired in kilns producing an extremely hard and dense corrosion resistant material. It is
generally used for underground public sewer, house sewers, drainage (sanitary and storm)
systems and for industrial wastes such as acids.
Vitrified clay pipe is suitable for most gravity-flow systems and is not intended for pressure
service. It is brittle and cracks when laid on unstable ground or base.
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Specifications:
Diameter: 100mm (4”) – 1050mm (42”)
Grades: standard, extra strength, and perforated
Joint: cement joint and pre-fabricated compression seals
Vitrified Clay Pipe Fittings
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Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe – is the cheapest among the sewer pipes. It is sometimes
recommended for house sewer and for septic tank installation. This type of pipe is light in
weight, slightly flexible which could take slight soil movement without danger of cracking or
pulling out from its joints. However, excessive hot water of chemical flow may soften or damage
the pipe.
Lead Pipe – one of the oldest plumbing materials used by the Egyptians, Greeks and the Roman
builders as soil and waste pipe. Lead is highly resistant to acid and is suitable for underground
installation. But because lead is poisonous and injurious to human health, it is never used to
convey water for human consumption.
Note:
Section 315 – Hangers and Supports
315.1 Vertical Piping
315.1.4 Lead Pipe – Shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.20 meters at centers with a
rigid vertical back-up.
315.2 Horizontal Piping
315.2.5 Lead Pipe – Shall be supported by stiff metal or wooden backing for its entire length
with hangers properly spaced.
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Galvanized Steel Pipe – is made out from mild steel, drawn through a die and welded, cast into
6.00 meters long. This type of pipe is easily corroded by alkaline and acid water. The carbonic
acid in water attacks the zinc coating and ultimately the steel itself. It is subject to deposits of salt
and lime that gradually accumulate and finally choke the flow of water. Galvanized steel pipe
deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply line.
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe – is better in quality than the galvanized steel pipe for
plumbing installation. Tests showed that wrought iron pipe is more resistant to acid waste than
the steel pipe.
Brass Pipe – is one of the most expensive types of pipe. This pipe is made of an alloy or zinc
and copper mixed at 15% and 85% proportion respectively. Because of its smooth interior
surface and high resistance to acid, brass pipe become superior material for waste and water
supply installations. Brass pipe fittings are of the recessed type similar in design with galvanized
steel pipe.
Copper Pipe – is a durable and extremely corrosive resistant material. It is easy to install
compared with other types of pipe. Copper pipe is classified into three types, depending upon its
wall thickness.
1. The K type is the heaviest. It is suitable for underground installation.

2. The L type is lighter than K type available in both the rigid and flexible form. It is
commonly used in residential water supply line and for radiant heating installations.
3. The M type is the thinnest and available only in a rigid form. This type of copper pipe is
specially designed for small water supply lines and for radiant heating installations.
Comparatively, copper pipe cost little more than steel pipe, but its fitting cost lesser than that of
the steel pipe. And because of its very smooth interior surface, one size smaller pipe could be
used instead, without substantial reduction of liquid flow.
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Note:
Section 1403 – Use of Copper Tubing
1403.1 Copper tubes for underground and above ground drainage and vent piping’s shall have a
weight of not less than that of copper drainage tube, type Drainage Waste & Vent (DWV)
specifications.
1403.2 Copper tube shall not be used for piping carrying chemical or industrial wastes as defined
in Section 811 of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.
1403.3 Copper tube for water supply piping shall have a weight of not less than “L”.
Exception: type M copper tubing may be used for water piping when piping is above
ground inside or atop a building, or underground outside of structures with outside protective
coating.
1403.4 In addition to the required incised marking, all hard drawn copper tubing shall be marked
by means of a continuous and indelibly colored stripe at least 6.4mm in width, as follows:
Type K, green
Type L, blue
Type M, red
Type DWV, yellow
1403.5 Listed flexible copper water connectors shall be installed in exposed location, unless
otherwise listed.
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Plastic Pipes – is available in compositions designed for various application including drain,
waste and vent (DWV). It was introduced in the Philippines at the early part of 1970, although
this type of material was developed in Germany in mid-year of 1935.
Basic types of Plastic Pipe
1. Thermoset Plastic – has the property of being permanently rigid. Epoxy and fiber glass
are example.
2. Thermo Plastic – is a material having the property of softening when heated and
hardening when cooled.
Thermoset Curing Process
Thermoset plastics contain polymer that cross-link together during the curing process to form an
irreversible chemical bond. The cross-linking process eliminates the risk of the product remelting
when heat is applied, making thermosets ideal for high-heat application such as electronics and
appliances.
Features & Benefits
Thermoset plastics significantly improve the material’s mechanical properties, providing

enhances chemical resistance, heat resistance and structural integrity. Thermoset plastics are
often used for sealed products due to their resistance to deformation.
Pros Cons
More resistant to high temp. than thermoplastic Cannot be recycled
Highly flexible design More difficult to surface finish
Thick to thin wall capabilities Cannot be remolded or shaped
Excellent aesthetic appearance
High levels of dimensional stability
Cost-effective
Thermoplastics Curing Process
Thermoplastics pellets soften when heated and become more fluid as additional heat is applied.
The curing process is completely reversible as no chemical bonding takes place. This
characteristic allows thermoplastic to be remolded and recycled without negatively affecting the
material’s physical properties.
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Features & Benefits
There are multiple thermoplastic resins that offer various performance benefits, but most
materials commonly offer high strength, shrink-resistance and easy bendability. Depending on
the resin, thermoplastics can serve low-stress applications such as plastic bags or high-stress
mechanical parts.
Pros Cons
Highly recyclable Generally more expensive
Aesthetically-superior finishes Can melt if heated
High-impact resistance
Remolding/ reshaping capabilities
Chemical resistant
Hard crystalline or rubbery surface options
Eco-friendly manufacturing
Types of Plastic Pipes for Drainage System
1. Polyethylene (PE) – the high density P.E. spiral pipe (HDPE) is used as drainage and
sewer pipe for housing complex, playground, golf course, industrial farm and stock farm.
It is sufficiently flexible to follow ground contours of snake around obstacles.
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HDPE Spiral Pipe
Specifications:
Diameter: 100mm (4”) –

900mm (36”) Color Black
Joint: Screw-type couplings
HDPE Pipe Fittings
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2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – is a thermoplastic type which is composed of molecules of

polymers. Each molecule is a long chain made of carbon, hydrogen and other atoms
which are melted down and molded.
Types of PVC Pipes used for Drainage
1. uPVC Sanitary pipes (unplasticized) – is designed for above and underground sanitary
piping system. It is ideal for drain, waste and vent (DWV) installation.
2. uPVC Sewer Pipe – can be used for main sewer system and other underground waste
piping system which requires big diameter pipes.
uPVC actually stands for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride. uPVC is also commonly known as
rigid PVC and it is called this because it is hard and does not flex. This material doesn’t not
contain any phthalates or BPA (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility,
transparency, durability, and longevity) so it is actually quite safe.
Specifications:
Diameter: 150mm (6”) –

200mm (8”) rubber ring
joint
250mm (10”) – 315mm

(12”) solvent cement joint
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Nipple – a short piece of pipe, threaded on the outside (male threads) at both ends, used to join
coupling or other fittings.
1. Short nipple – below 75mm in length. Also known as shoulder nipple.

2. Long nipple – over 75mm in length.
3. Close nipple – where threading meet.
Couple – a short internally threaded (female thread) at both ends and used to connect two pipes
in straight line.
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Elbow – a pipe fitting having a bend and makes an angle of 90° or 45° between adjacent pipes
for a change in direction. It is also known as ell or straight elbow.
1. Reducing elbow – joints two pipes of different diameters at right angle of each other.
When specifying reducer fittings, the bigger diameter is stated first, followed by the
smaller diameter. (Ex. Reducing elbow, 25mm x 20mm).
2. Street elbow – an elbow fitting having a 45° or 90° bend with an inside thread on one
end and outside thread on the other. It is also known as service ell or street ell.
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Tee – a “t-shaped” pipe fitting that joins 3 or 4 pipes at perpendicular directions.
1. Straight tee
2. Straight cross tee
3. Reducing tee
4. Reducing cross tee
Riser – water supply pipe, which extends vertically to one full story or more to convey water into
pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.
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Reducer – a pipe coupling with inside threads, having one end with a smaller diameter than the
other and used for connecting pipes of different size. Both openings have the same center line.
Bushing – a pipe fitting which is threaded on both the inside and the outside and used to reduce
the size of the pipe opening to receive a pipe of fitting of a different size.
Plug – is used to close an opening in a fitting.
Cap – is used to close the end of a pipe.
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Union – a three piece pipe fitting used to connect the ends of two pipes, neither of which can be
turned. It is also used on pipes that are to be taken down occasionally. Its parts are:
1. Shoulder piece
2. Center piece
3. Thread piece
Flange – a ring shaped plate screwed on the end of a pipe and provide with holes for bolts, to
allow joining the pipe to a similarly equipped adjoining pipe. The resulting joint is a flanged
joint.
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Valves
Valves are used to control the flow of water throughout the supply system. The proper location
of valves simplifies repairs to the system, fixtures, or equipment being served.
There are usually valves at:
1. Pipes in individual fixture or equipment

2. Branches
3. Risers
Types of valves
1. Gate valve – a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disc
fitted against machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is
raised or lowered by means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The
opening in the valves is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
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2. Globe valve – a valve in which the flow of fluid is cut off by means of a circular disc that
fits over and against the horizontal valve seat. The movement of the plane of disc is
parallel to the normal direction of the flow of water through the orifice resulting to a
tortuous passage which offers a high pressure loss.
Three types of globe valve

Plug type disc valve – has a wide bearing surface producing good resistance to the
cutting effects of scale, dirt and other kind of foreign matter found inside the pipe.
Conventional disc valve – has a pressure tight bearing between the disc and the seat
recommended for cold water supply and temperature service.
Composition disc valve – is used for various types of service on oil, gasoline, steam, and
hot or cold water.
3. Butterfly valve – have a disc that is equal in size to the inside diameter of the pipe. This
disc is attached to a lever handle that rotates the disc, which adjust the flow of water. The
main drawback to butterfly valve is that the control disc is always present within the flow
of water (even when fully open) so there will always be a pressure drop when using them.
Butterfly valve allow for fairly precise control of flow. They typically rely on a gasket to
provide a full seal, which can become a maintenance issue.
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4. Diaphragm valve – a diaphragm valve is similar to a gate valve in that there is a wheel
or knob that moves an element in the valve fitting, which limits the flow of water. In a
diaphragm valve, the element is a diaphragm that settles down over a saddle, thus
stopping water flow. The diaphragm below is a weir-type diaphragm valve, where water
passes over a weir. There is also a straight-type diaphragm valve, which doesn’t force
water over a weir.
5. Check valve – a valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a
reverse direction.
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6. Angle valve – operates in the same manner as the globe valve. It is available in similar
range of disc and seat design. Angle valve is used in making 90˚ turn in a line to reduce
the number of joints.
7. Ball valve – are made with a rotating sphere that has in it. In the open position, the hole
in the sphere is in line with the pipe. When closed, the hole in the sphere is perpendicular
to the pipe. The lever handle operates the valve, but also serves as an indicator for
whether the valve is open or closed. When the lever is parallel to the pipe, the valve is
open. Ball valves do not allow for precise flow control because they usually have positive
stops (0˚, 45˚, 90˚), but they do provide a very good seal in the closed position.
8. Faucet/ Bibb – a valve located at the end of a water pipe through of which water can be
drawn from or held within the pipe.
9. Pressure relief valve – A safety valve is a valve mechanism which automatically
releases a substance from a boiler, pressure vessel, or other system, when the pressure or
temperature exceeds preset limits.
10. Pressure balanced valve – pressure balance valves are used to maintain a constant
temperature of water in domestic showers or bathtubs. A diaphragm within the valve
allows the operator to set mixing of hot and cold water, however in the event of a
pressure drop of cold water (for instance, if a toilet nearby is flushed), the diaphragm will
shift to limit an excessive flow of hot water. Many jurisdictions require pressure balanced
valves in domestic bathrooms and showers to prevent accidental scalding.
11. Safety valve – is used on cold water systems, heating systems, compressed airlines, and
other pipelines with excessive pressure.
12. Flushometer valve – is a device, which discharges a predetermined quantity of water
into fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure.
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13. Foot valve – is located at the lower end of the pump used to prevent loss of priming the
pump. It is sometimes referred to as retention valve.
14. Corporation stop – is inserted into the water main. It is serves as a control of the water
service. And also serve as a shut off, when the service is disconnected.
15. Curb stop – is installed between the curb and the sidewalk line accessible to cast iron
stop box equipped with removable cover. It serves as control stop of the service between
the curb and building. It shut off water supply in case the basement becomes flooded.
16. Meter stop – a valve placed at the street side of the water meter and serves as a
controlling device for the building installation.
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17. Zone valve – zone valves are used in hydronic heating and cooling systems to control the
flow of water of steam. For instance, they may be provided in different rooms, different
floors, or different dwelling units so that each space can have local control over the
heating or cooling. In most applications, zone valves are electrically controlled and are
connected to a thermostat so that automatic control is achieved.
18. Locking valve – almost any type of valve can be locked to avoid accidental or intentional
opening or closing. However, valves with lever-type handles allow for more secure
locking control. Locking valves provide aligning holes that a lock can be passed through
to stop rotation of the handle. There are also locks designed to be attached to non-locking
valves to prevent adjustment.
Rising stem valve – a type of gate valve in which the valve stem and disk rise together when
valve is opened.
Non-rising stem valve – a type of gate valve in which the valves stem doesn’t rise together
when valve is open.
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Regulators
Air gap (drainage) – the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the
lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenance conveying waste to
the flood level rim of the receptor.
Air gap (water distribution) – an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere
between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood-level
rim of any tank, lavatory or fixture.
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Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) – consist of a body, a checking member and an

atmospheric opening.
Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC) – consist of two independently
acting internally or externally loaded check valves, four properly located test cocks with
connectors and two isolation gate valves.
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly (PVB) – consists of a loaded air
inlet valve, an internally loaded check valve, two properly located test cocks and two isolation
gate valves.
Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP) – consists of two

independently acting internally loaded check valves, a different pressure relief valve, four
properly located test cocks and two isolation gate valves.
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Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker
Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly
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Plumbing Fixtures
Plumbing Fixtures – are approved-type installed receptacles, devices or appliances supplied
with water or receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes and discharge such wastes into the drainage
system to which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial tanks,
vats and similar processing equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but may be connected to or
discharged into approved traps or plumbing fixtures as provided in the National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines.
Plumbing Appurtenance – a manufactured device or a prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job

assembly of components parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing
fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor does it add any discharge load
to a fixture or the drainage system. It performs some useful functions in the operation,
maintenance, servicing, economy or safety of the plumbing system.
Plumbing Appliance – any one of a special class of device or equipment intended to perform a
special plumbing function. Its operation and/or control may be dependent upon one or more
energized components, such as motors, controls, heating elements and pressure-temperature-
sensing elements. Such device or equipment may operate automatically through one or more of
the following actions: a time cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured volume or
weight; or the device or equipment may be manually adjusted or controlled by the user or
operator.
Common Types of Plumbing Fixtures used in Residences
- Water closet
- Lavatory
- Kitchen sink
- Urinal
- Bidet
- Bath tub
Water Closet – a plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and to discharge it
through a waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium. Water closets are classified according
to design, make, flushing mechanism, shape and installation.
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A. Types of Water Closet as to Design

1. Siphon Washdown – the least expensive but the
noisiest; only small amount of standing water
susceptible to fouling, staining and contamination. It is
mechanically satisfactory and is lower in price. Hence,
it is widely used and entirely acceptable where price is
the main consideration.
2. Siphon Jet – the jet being submerged introduces its water

underwater so that its operation is entirely muffled. It has a
large amount of standing water to prevent fouling. It is
mechanically efficient but expensive.
3. Siphon Vortex – this this type of bowl develops its

flushing action through the water entering through diagonal
holes around the rim which creates a swirling action which
forms a vortex in the center. It is considered to be the most
quiet, most efficient and most sanitary water closet.
4. Reverse Trap - the trap way located at the rear of the water
closet eliminated the buldge at the front. The design and
appearance of the bowl plus its large water area and quietness
in operation, make it desirable than siphon wash down.
B. Types of Water Closet as to make

- One-piece
- Close Coupled
- Pail Flush
- Squat bowl
1. One-piece Water Closet – The water closet fixture is manufactured with the bowl and
the flush tank molded into a single unit. Usually used in tandem with the bidet.
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2. Closed Coupled Water Closet – a water closet where in the flush tank is separate but is
attached to the toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model.
3. Pail Flush Water Closet – a water closet comprising only of a bowl without a flush tank.
Flushing action is obtained only through water poured from a pail or bucket. This is used
in areas where running water systems are not available.
4. Squat Bowl Water – A water closet that is otherwise known as “Eastern type” since the
user assumes a squatting position rather than a sitting position.
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C. Types of Water Closet as to Flushing Mechanism

1. Flush Tank – a holds a supply of water for flushing a fixture such as the water closet. It
has a capacity of 5 to 6 gallons.
2. Flush Valve – valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing purposes. It
is activated by direct water pressure without the use of a flush tank. It is also known as
Flushometer or Flushometer valve. The flush valve requires 10 to 20 psi flow pressure.
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D. Types of Water Closet as to Shape

1. Round Front – intended for installation on a limited space.
2. Elongated Front – is more comfortable but occupies a larger space.
E. Types of Water Closet as to Installation

1. Free Standing (Flour Mounted)
2. Wall Hung (Wall Mounted)
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Note:
Section 407 – Installation
407.1 Cleaning – plumbing fixture shall be installed in a manner to provide easy access for
repair and cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fixtures shall be run parallel and dose to the
nearest wall or building line.
407.2 Joints – where a fixture comes in contact with the wall or floor, the joint between the
fixture and wall or floor shall be made watertight.
407.3 Securing Fixtures – floor outlet or floor mounted fixtures shall be rigidly secured on the
drainage connection and floor when so designed with the use of adequately-sized screws or
expansion bolts of copper, brass or other equally corrosion-resistant material.
407.4 Wall-Hung Fixtures – wall-hung fixtures shall be rigidly supported by metal supporting
members or chairs so that no bending or pullout strain is transmitted to the wall. Approved non
corrosive screws or bolts shall secure water closet and urinal flush tanks and similar
appurtenances.
407.5 Setting – fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent
walls. No water closet or bidet shall be set closer than 0.375 meter from its center to any side
wall or obstruction nor closer than 0.75 meter center to center to any similar fixture. No urinal
shall be set closer than 0.3 meter from its center to any sidewall or partition nor closer than 0.6
meter center to center.
407.6 Supply Fittings – the supply lines or fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed
to prevent backflow.
Plumbing Fixture Materials Gen. Requirements
a. Quality of Fixtures
- Dense
- Durable
- Non-absorbent
- Smooth, Impervious Surface
- Free from unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces
b. Minimum Trap Diameter and DFU (Drainage Fixture Unit) Value
- Water closet private installation – 76mm ø (3”), 4 DFU
- Water closet public installation – 76mm ø (3”), 6 DFU
c. Size of Water Supply and WSFU (Water Supply Fixture Unit) Value
- Water closet, flush tank – 12mm ø (1/2”), 3 WSFU (Private), 5 WSFU
(Public)
- Water closet, flush valve – 25mm ø (1”), 6 WSFU (Private), 10 WSFU
(Public)
d. Minimum size of Vent
- The minimum size of vent for water closet is 51mm ø (2”)
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e. Ventilation of T&B
- Ceiling mount exhaust fan duct type
- Thermal exhaust fan
f. Tiles in terms of Design for T&B
- 200mm x 200mmfor ceramic (unglazed)
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Lavatory – a fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face. It is also known as wash
basin.
Types of Lavatory
1. Wall Hung Lavatory
2. Pedestal Lavatory
3. Counter Type Lavatory
a. Over Counter a. b.
b. Under Counter
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4. One-Piece Lavatory
Minimum Lavatory Clearance
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Material for Lavatories
- Vitreous China
- Enameled Cast Iron
- Stainless Steel
- Plastic
a. Minimum trap diameter and DFU Value
- Wash basin, in sets – 38mm ø, 2 DFU
- Wash basin, single – 38mm ø, 1 DFU
b. Size of Water Supply Pipe and WSFU Value
- Lavatory – 12mm ø, 1 WSFU (Private
use), 2 WSFU (Public use)
c. Minimum size of Vent for Lavatory
- The minimum size of vent for lavatory is 32mm ø
50. Drain
14. Sink Rim
52. Rubber Gasket
12. Sink Basin
16. Sink Walls
18. Bore
10. Sink Assembly
24. Coupler
20. Counter Top
22. Counter Top Bore
42. Nut
54. Light Source
46. Water Drain Pipe
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Bidet – a plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the genitals.
It is also known as the Sitz Bath.
- Setting and clearance for bidet shall be the same as in the water closet.
- Bidet minimum trap diameter is 38mm ø (1 ½”) and its DFU value is 2.
- Size of water supply is 12mm ø and WSFU is 2 (private) or 4 (public).
Bath tub – a tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one person. It is
available in left outlet and right outlet.
- Minimum size of vent is 38mm ø (1 ½”).

- Bathtub minimum trap diameter is 38mm ø (1 ½”) and the DFU value is 2.
- Size of supply pipe is 12mm ø and WSFU value is 2 (private) and 4 (public).
45
Note:
Section 411 – Whirlpool Bathtubs
Unless otherwise listed, all whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with the following requirements:
a. A removable panel of sufficient dimension shall be provided for access to the pump,
b. The circulation pump shall be located above the crown weir of the trap,
c. The pump and the circulation piping shall be self-draining to minimize water retention;
d. Suction fittings on whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with the listed standards.
46
47
48
Urinal – a sanitary fixture equipped with a water supply and drain for flushing away urine.
Types of Urinal
1. Wall hung Urinal
2. Pedestal Urinal
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3. Stall Urinal
4. Through Urinal
a. Minimum Trap Diameter and DFU Value

- Urinal, wall-mounted – 51mm ø (2”), 6 DFU
- Urinal, Stall – 51mm ø (2”), 6 DFU
- Urinal, Trap arm – 51mm ø 3 DFU
b. Size of Supply Pipe and WSFU
- Urinal, Wall-mounted – 19mm ø (3/4”), 5 WSFU
- Urinal, Stall – 19mm ø (3/4”), 5 WSFU
c. Minimum Size of Vent
- The minimum size of vent is 38mm ø
50
Sinks
Minimum Trap Diameter and DFU Value
- Kitchen Sink (residential); 51mm ø minimum waste pipe, trap 38mm ø, 2

DFU
- Bar Sink (commercial); 51mm ø minimum waste pipe, trap 38mm ø, 2 DFU
- Bar Sink (private); 38mm ø minimum waste pipe, trap 38mm ø, 1 DFU
- Sink (commercial, industrial, institutional); 58mm ø minimum waste pipe,
trap 38mm ø, 3 DFU
- Sink (clinic); Flushing Rim; trap 76mm ø, 6 DFU
- Service sink (slop); trap 51mm ø, 3 DFU
- Laundry tub; trap 38mm ø, 2 DFU
Size of Supply Pipe and WSFU Value
- Kitchen sink; 38mm ø, 2 WSFU (private), 4 WSFU (public)

- Scullery sink; 38mm ø, 2 WSFU (private), 4 WSFU (public)
- Slop sink; 38mm ø, 2 WSFU (private), 10 WSFU (public)
- Laundry sink; 38mm ø, 2 WSFU (private), 4 WSFU (public)
- Bar sink; 38mm ø, 1 WSFU (private), 2 WSFU (public)
Drinking Fountain
- Minimum trap diameter is 31mm and DFU value is 1.

- Size of waste supply is 12mm ø and the WSFU value (each faucet) is 1
(private), 2 (public).
- Minimum size of vent is 32mm ø (1 ¼”)
Shower Bath
- Minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2.

- Size of water supply is 12mm ø and the WSFU value (each head) is 2
(private) or 4 (public).
- Minimum size of vent is 38mm ø.
Floor Drains
- Minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2.
Hose Bibb
- Size of water supply is 12mm ø and the WSFU value is 3 (private) or 5

(public)
51
Kitchen Sink – a plumbing fixtures usually consisting of a basin with a water supply, connected
with a drain.
Types of Kitchen Sink
a. Single Bowl- Single Drain
b. Double Bowl- Single Drain
c. Double Bowl- Double Drain
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d. Triple Bowl
e. Corner Sink
Other Plumbing Fixtures
a. Slop Sink – A deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails of dirty
water and mop cleaning.
b. Drinking Fountain – A fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a water jet
designed to provide potable water for human consumption.
c. Laundry Tub – A deep wide sink or but used for washing clothes. It is also known as
Laundry Tray or Set Tub.
d. Shower Bath – An apparatus for spraying water on the body, usually from above. Drain is
through the shower bath floor drain.
e. Scrub Sink – A plumbing fixture usually located in the operating room in a hospital to
enable personnel to scrub their hands prior to a surgical procedure; the hot and cold water
supply is activated by a knee-action mixing valve or by wrist or pedal control.
53
Plumbing Accessories
- Soap holder
- Paper holder
- Toothbrush and tumbler holder
- Towel holder/ towel bar

- Seat cover
54
Typical Fixture Layout for Toilet and Bath (minimum dimensions)
55
56
57
Toilet Fixture Clearances for Disabled Persons (BP 344 the Accessibility Law)
58
Grab Rail Heights at Urinals
59
Mounting Dimensions for Toilet & Bathroom Accessories
Mounting Dimensions of Accessories and Fittings at Shower Area
60
Mounting Dimensions of Lavatory Accessories
Mounting Dimensions of Accessories and Fittings at Bath tub/ Shower
61
Pumps
Water Supply
Classification of Pumps
1. Reciprocating Pumps
a. Lift pumps
b. Piston or plunger pumps
c. Deep-well piston pumps
2. Centrifugal Pumps
a. Submersible pump
3. Deep-weel jet pumps
4. Hydraulic Rams
5. Hydropneumatic pressure system
Reciprocating pump – a pump which operates with a to- and –fro motion.
a. Lift Pump – the simplest of the reciprocating pumps and consists of a piston moving up
and down in a cylinder or barrel. A lift pump cannot be used to raise water above 7.50 to
8.50 meter at a normal atmospheric pressure (101 kPa) due to:
- Friction in the intake pipe
- Loss of efficiency in the pump
- Impossible to obtain a perfect vacuum
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b. Piston or Plunger Pump – is a positive displacement reciprocating pump in which a

plunger is driven backwards and forwards, or up and down by a mechanical working
head.
63
c. Deep-well piston pump – when water is more than 7.5m below the ground, it is visually
necessary to place the pump in or near the water in the well and pump from there. Water
is forced up the drop pipe and out into the delivery pipe.
64
Reciprocating Pump Fault Findings
65
Centrifugal Pumps – Basically consist of a stationary pump casing and an impeller mounted on
a rotating shaft. The pump casing provides a pressure boundary for the pump and contains
channels to properly direct the suction and discharge flow. The pump casing has suction and
discharge penetrations for the main flow path of the pump and normally has small drain and vent
fittings to remove gases trapped in the pump casing or to drain the pump casing for maintenance.
The illustration directly below is a simplified diagram of a typical centrifugal pump that shows
the relative locations of the pump suction, impeller, volute, and discharge. The centrifugal pump
casing guides the liquid from the suction connection to the center, or eye, of the impeller. The
vanes of the rotating impeller impart a radial and rotary motion to the liquid, forcing it to the
outer periphery of the pump casing where it is collected in the outer part of the pump casing
called the volute. The volute is a region that expands in cross – sectional area as it wraps around
the pump casing. The purpose of the volute is to collect the liquid discharged from the periphery
of the impeller at high velocity and gradually cause a reduction in fluid velocity by increasing the
flow area. This converts the velocity head to static pressure. The fluid is then discharged from
the centrifugal pump through the discharge connection.
66
Submersible Pump – is basically a centrifugal pump complete with electric motors which are
positioned under water in a suitable bored hole that delivers the water to the surface.
Important considerations for accurate submersible pump selection.
1. Well diameter- indicates the size of pump to be installed.

2. Well depth- indicates the static water level. The vertical distance from the surface (datum
line) to the water level when no water is being pumped.
3. Pumping Water level- the vertical distance from the datum to the water level when
specified capacity is being pumped.
4. Drawdown- vertical distance between pumping and static water levels.
5. Head above datum- indicates the total discharge head (static plus friction) between datum
line and point of measurement.
6. Pump capacity- volume rate flow expressed in cubic meters per hour or liters per second
to be produced by the pump.
7. Pump setting- the nominal vertical distance (in meters) from datum to the discharge pipe
connection at the pump.
8. Water composition- make-up of the water to be pumped.
9. Type of drive- specification of the average power source (single phase or 3 phases).
10. Allowable motor overload- percentage of rated motor main plate power (in kilowatts or
horsepower) that will be permitted to be used.
67
Centrifugal Pumps Fault Findings
68
Deep Well Jet Pump – A pump consisting of a revolving impeller in the pump housing which
forces water down a pressure line to an ejector assembly below water level.
69
Hydraulic Ram or Ram Pump – A pump in which the power generated from flowing in an
enclosed pipe is used to raise part of the water to a height above that from which the flow began.
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Definite Conditions required for hydraulic Ram to work effectively
1. The fall (h) must be more than 0.66m, but should not exceed 6m.
2. The drive pipe should be straight and laid to an even grade, and its length should be 6 to 8
times the available fall. The drive pipe must be long enough to ensure that when the
recoil of water takes place more resistance is offered by removing water in the drive pipe
than by the delivery valve and the water immediately above it.
3. The amount of water available should be at least 10 times the required supply and there
must be a getaway for the waste water.
4. The height (H) to which the water is to be delivered should not, in general, be more than
6 to 8 times the available fall.
5. As a rule, the diameter of the drive pipe should be at least twice the diameter of the
delivery pipe.
Calculation
In calculating for the quantity of water delivered by a hydraulic ram, use the formula:
q= Q x h x e/ H
Where:
q= Quantity (in liters) delivered from the ram in a given time
Q= Quantity (in liters) flowing to the ram in the same time
h= Head (in meters) of water on inlet side of ram
H= Height (in meters)
e= Efficiency
Sample Problem
To supply a ram, 300 liters of water per hour are available. The head of the ram is 2.00m
and the height to which is raised is 6.00mm if the ram is assumed to have an efficiency of 60%,
what quantity of water will be delivered per hour?
SOLUTION:
q= Q x h x e/ H q= 60 liters per hour
= (300)(2)(0.60)/ 6
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Hydro pneumatic Pressure System – A pumping system that provide water, within pre-set flow
and pressure ratings, automatically on demand.
Elements of Hydro pneumatic System
1. A pump (of any type or manufacturer)

2. A pressure sensing electric switch- opens and closes the electrical contacts causing the
pump to stop and start.
3. Pressure vessel which contains an elastic medium, usually air.
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In the pumping of water, the following are to be considered:
1. Mass of water to be lifted

2. The height through which it must be lifted or forced.
3. The distance it must travel in moving from one place to another.
4. The ways in which in water may be affected by friction.
Pressure – is defined as force per unit area, the area being measured at right angles to directon
of the force. The unit of pressure N/m2 is called Pascal (Pa). Kilo Pascal (kPa) and Mega Pascal
(MPa) are commonly used.
Head – is the height or vertical distance from the point of measurement to the free level of water
in the system.
a. Positive Head – occurs when the free water level is higher than the point of
measurement.
b. Negative Head – occurs where the free water level is lower than the point of
measurement. It is also known as suction, partial vacuum or negative pressure.
Classification of Heads
There are different kinds of head according to their effect on pumping operations.
1. Static Discharge Head or Gravity Head – results from the vertical height of a column
of water. It is the weight of water exerted as a result of the force of gravity. In pumping
operations, it is the vertical distance (in meters) from the center line of the pump to the
point of free discharge.
2. Pressure Head – the vertical height to which a given pressure will force water to a
certain level.
3. Suction Lift – the term used when the source of supply is below the center line of the
pump.
4. Static Suction Lift – the vertical distance (in meters) from the liquid level to the center
line of the pump.
5. Total Suction Lift – the static suction lift plus friction head in the entire suction pipe and
fittings.
6. Suction Head – the term used when the source of supply is above the center line of the
pump. Also known as flooded suction.
7. Static Suction Head – the vertical distance (in meters) from the center line of the pump
to the level of the liquid being pumped.
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8. Total Suction Head – the static suction head minus the friction head in the entire suction
pipe and fittings.
9. Total Discharge Head - the static delivery head plus the friction head plus the friction
head in all of the delivery pipe and fittings.
10. Velocity Head – the head required to accelerate the water in the delivery pipe. It should
be included in the total pump head but it so nominal that it is usually ignored.
11. Total Pump Head – the total suction lift plus the total delivery plus the velocity head.
There are a few different types of pumps used in plumbing applications to remove excess water
and unwanted wastewater.
The most commonly used pumps include:
1. Sump pumps
2. Effluent pumps
3. Sewage pumps
4. Grinder pumps
a. Sump Pumps
- Used to remove excess water in sump pits (also known as basins).
- Commonly used in flood-prone basements of homes.
- Sump pumps are either submersible or pedestal.
- Submersible pumps work while under water.
- Pedestal pumps are held up by supports and start operating when water
reaches a certain level.
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b. Effluent Pumps
- Used to transfer effluent wastewater, which is the gray wastewater left over
after solids have settled.
- Commonly used in septic line and sanitary sump drainage applications.
c. Sewage Pumps
- Used to remove liquids that contain solid pieces up to about 2 inches wide
without getting clogged.
- Commonly used in sewerage, septic line, and drainage applications.
d. Grinder Pumps
- Used to break down solids into smaller pieces before being passed through.
- Commonly used in light commercial and residential applications for
wastewater from appliances (toilets, washing machines, bathtubs, etc.) to pass
through.
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Septic Tank
Septic Tank – a water-tight receptacle which receives the discharge of a sanitary plumbing
system or part thereof, designed and constructed to retain solids, digest organic matter through a
period of detention and to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through
a system of open-jointed sub-surface piping’s or a seepage pit meeting the requirements of the
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.
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The main function of a septic tank is to liquefy and precipitate solid waste purifying
odorous materials. Sewage that was discharge into the tank is retained. And during its retention
period, about 60% - 70% of the suspended solid of the sewage is removed largely by
sedimentation to form a semi-liquid substance called sludge. The sludge accumulates at the
bottom of the septic tank. Parts of the solids are formed into floating scum. Both the scum and
the sludge are processed by anaerobic bacteria and transforming them into liquid and gases.
This process called digestion. The digestion the solid matter is reduced in size and
consequently changed in character. The septic therefore, combines two processes; sedimentation
in the upper portion of the tank and anaerobic decomposition of the accumulated sludge at the
bottom.
Decomposition of organic matter from human waste is a bacteriological process caused

by:
- Aerobic bacteria called aerobes

- Anaerobic bacteria called anaerobes
- Facultative bacteria
The life process of Aerobic bacteria is in the presence of material oxygen. The
Anaerobic bacteria on the other hand, functions in the absence of free oxygen. Likewise,
Facultative bacteria also functions even with or without free oxygen. These three types of
bacteria have no relation to disease. They thrive naturally in sewage, and will function when
conditions are favorable in terms of:
- Food Supply
- Temperature
- Moisture
However, even when conditions are favorable, these bacteria will cease to exist in the
presence of antiseptics or disinfectants. And to discharge large amount of volume of waste and
water containing disinfectants, oil and grease into the septic tank will affect and disturb the
bacterial activities therein and may then destroy the purpose for which the septic tank is
constructed.
Human waste or excreta are decomposed, until the organic matters are transformed into
materials that could no longer be utilized by the bacteria in their life process. The process of
decomposition is regarded as stabilization.
Decomposition caused by anaerobic bacteria which is sometimes referred to as putrefaction, is

accompanied by bad odors. On the other hand, aerobic decomposition is not accompanied by
unpleasant odor. A sewage that turns dark and smell unpleasantly due to anaerobic
77
decomposition is called Septic. Decomposition caused by aerobic bacteria is accomplished with

no definite time and could be within a matter of hours.
Gasses that are produce inside the Septic Tank
There are different gases produced inside the septic tank ranging from organic to non-organic
gases. These gases are:
- Methane gas (CH4) is a combination of hydrogen and carbon, a principal

component of natural gas.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is combination of carbon and oxygen. It is the simplest
oxide of carbon.
- Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a by-product of methane, classified as poisonous
gas.
- Hydrogen (H2) evolves as a moist gas from organic waste.
- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas with offensive odor.
- Sulfur Dioxide (HO2) is also a colorless gas having an irritating odor.
These gases are discharge into the atmosphere through the ventilation pipe.
78
It is VITALLY IMPORTANT to open and inspect your septic tank at least every three
(3) years, to make sure that the baffles are intact and functional.
79
Note:
Appendix B: Private Sewage Disposal Systems
B.5 Septic Tank Construction
B.5.1 Plans for all septic tank shall be submitted to the Administrative Authority for approval.
Such plans shall show all dimensions, reinforcing, structural calculations, and such other
pertinent data as may be required.
B.5.2 Septic tanks design shall be such as to produce a clarified effluent consistent with
accepted standards and shall provide adequate space for sludge and scum accumulations.
B.5.3 Septic tank shall be constructed of solid durable materials, not subject to excessive
corrosion or decay and shall be watertight.
B.5.4 Septic tank shall have a minimum of two (2) compartments. The inlet compartment of
any septic tank shall be not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the total capacity of the tank, nor less
than 2m³ liquid capacity, and shall be at least 0.90 meters in width and 1.5 meters in length.
Liquid depth shall be not less than 0.60 meters or more than 1.80 meters. The Secondary
compartment of any septic tank shall have a minimum capacity of 1m³ and a maximum capacity
of one-third (1/3) of the total capacity of such tank. In septic tanks having over 6m³ capacity, the
secondary compartment may be not less than 1.50 meters in length.
B.5.5 Access to each septic tank shall be provided by at least two (2) manholes 508 mm in
minimum dimension or by an equivalent removable cover slab. One access manhole shall be
located over the inlet and one (1) access manhole shall be located over the outlet. Wherever a
first compartment exceeds 3.7 meters in length, ail additional manhole shall be provided over the
baffle wall.
B.5.6 the inlet and outlet pipe openings shall be not less in size than the connecting sewer pipe.
The vertical leg of a round inlet and outlet fitting shall not be less in size than the connecting
sewer pipe nor less than 104.6 millimeters. A baffle type fitting shall have the equivalent cross-
sectional area of the connecting sewer pipe and not less than a 106.6 millimeters horizontal
dimension when measured at the inlet and outlet pipe inverts.
B.5.7 The inlet and outlet pipe or baffle shall extend 101.6 mm above and at least 304.8 mm
below the water surface. The invert of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than 50.8 mm
above the invert of the outlet pipe.
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B.5.8 Inlet and outlet pipe fittings or baffles, and compartment partitions shall have a free vent
area equal to the required cross-sectional area of the house sewer or private sewer discharging
there into to provide free ventilation above the water surface from the disposal field or seepage
pit through the septic tank, house sewer, and slack to the outer air.
B.5.9 The side walls shall extend at least 228.6 mm above the liquid depth. The cover of the
septic tank shall be at least 50.8 mm above the back vent openings.
B.5.10 Partitions or baffles between compartments shall be of solid durable material and shall
extend at least 101.6 mm above the liquid level. An inverted fitting equivalent in size to the tank
inlet, but in no case less than 104.6 mm in size, shall be installed in the inlet compartment side of
the baffle with the bottom of the fitting placed midway in the depth of the liquid. Wooden baffles
are prohibited.
B.5.11 Each such tank shall be structurally designed to withstand all anticipated earth of other
loads. All septic tank covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not less than 14.4 kpa
when the maximum coverage does not exceed 9 meters.
B.5.12 Septic tanks installed under concrete or black top paving shall have the required
manholes accessible by extending the manhole openings to grade in a manner acceptable to the
Administrative Authority.
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Location of Sewage Disposal System
82
Useful Charts for Septic Tank Sizing
83
84
85
Grease Trap
Grease Trap – a device for removing fat and grease from waste water by allowing the retained
liquid to cool and the grease to solidify to a maximum of four fixtures; then the grease is
separated by floatation; it is rises to the top of the trap, where it is held. The prime purpose of a
grease trap is to assure a free flowing drainage through pipe lines at all times by intercepting,
accumulating and recovering globules of grease fat and oil from waste water
Clarifier/Interceptor – is a device designed and installed to separate and retain deleterious,

hazardous or undesirable matters from normal wastes and permits normal sewage or liquid waste
to discharge into the disposal terminal by gravity. It is also called a grease trap.
Note:
Section 1011 – Grease Traps
1011.1 When, in the judgment of the Administrative Authority, Waste pretreatment is required,
an approved-type grease trap complying with the provisions of this sections shall be installed in
the wasteline leading from sinks, drains and other fixtures or equipment in establishments such
restaurants, cafes, lunch counters, cafeterias, bars and clubs, hotel hospital, sanitarium, factory or
school kitchens, or other establishments where grease may be introduced into the drainage or
sewer system in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private
sewage disposal. A grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or tor any private
living quarters.
1011.2 No individual grease trap shall be installed for a facility that has an approved rate of flow
of more than 3.4 liters per second nor less than 1.3 L/s, except when specially approved by the
Administrative Authority.
10.11.3 Each plumbing fixture or piece of equipment connected to a grease trap shall be
provided with an approved type flow control or restricting device installed in a readily accessible
and visible location in the tailpiece or drain outlet of each such fixture. Flow control devices
shall be so designed that the flow through such device or devices shall at no time be greater than
the rated capacity of the grease trap. No flow control device having adjustable or removable parts
shall be approved.
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1011.4 Each grease trap required by this Section shall have an approved rate of flow which is not
less than that given in Table l0-2 for the total number of connected fixtures. The total capacity of
fixtures discharging into any such grease trap shall not exceed two and one-half (2 1/2) times the
certified liters per minute flowrate of the grease trap as per Table 10-2.
Any grease trap installed with inlet more than 1.2 meters lower in elevation than the outlet of any
fixture discharging into such grease trap shall have an approved rate of flow which is not less
than fifty (50) percent greater than that given in Table 10-2 nor more than four (4) separate
fixture shall be connected to or discharged into any one grease trap.
For the purpose of this Section, the term "fixture" shall mean and include each plumbing fixture,
appliance, apparatus or other equipment required to be connected to or discharged into a grease
trap by any provision of this Section.
1011.5 Each fixture discharging into a grease trap shall be individually trapped and vented in an
approved manner. An approved-type grease trap may be used as a fixture outlet and the grease
trap for a single fixture when the horizontal distance between the fixture outlet and the grease
trap does not exceed 1.2 meters and the vertical tailpipe or drain does not exceed 0.75 meters.
1011.6 Grease traps shall be maintained in efficient operating condition by periodic removal of
the accumulated grease and settled solids. No such collected grease shall be introduced into the
drainage piping and public or private sewer.
1011.7 No water jacketed grease trap or grease interceptor shall be approved or installed.
1011.8 Each grease trap shall have an approved water seal of not less than 51 mm in depth or the
diameter of its outlet, whichever is greater.
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Section 1013 – Food Waste Disposal Prohibited
1013.1 Unless specifically required or permitted by the Administrative Authority, no food waste
disposal unit shall be connected to or discharged into any grease interceptor or grease trap.
88
Sizing of Grease Traps
89
90
Sample Problem
Determine the capacity and volume of the grease trap for a cafeteria that serves an
average of 50 meals a day that is open from 10:00am to 6:00pm.
91
Vent
Vent pipe – a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and
for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent System – a system of pipes supplying a flow of air to or from a drainage system or
providing a circulation of air within the system to protect trap seals from siphonage.
Wet vent – an oversized pipe functioning both as a soil or waste pipe and a vent.
Dry vent – a vent that does not carry liquid or water-borne wastes.
Relief vent – a vent that provides circulation of air between drainage and a venting system by
connecting a vent stack to a horizontal drain between the first fixture and the soil or waste stack.
Loop vent – a circuit vent that loops back and connects with a stack vent instead of a vent stack.
Circuit vent - a group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme fixture connection on a
horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack.
Back/Revent vent pipe – a the part of a vent line, which connects directly with an individual
trap underneath or behind the fixture and extends to the branch or main vent pipe at any point
higher than the fixture or fixture traps it serves. This is sometimes called an individual vent.
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Individual vent – is a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and which connects with the vent
system above the fixture se1ved or terminates in the open air.
Common/Dual/Unit vent – an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve
two (2) traps.
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Group vent – a branch vent that performs its functions for two (2) or more traps.
Main Vent – the p1incipal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are connected.
Relief vent – a vertical vent line, the primary function of which is to provide additional
circulation of air between the drainage and vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on a
specially designed system such as a ''yoke vent" connection between the soil and vent stacks.
Yoke vent – a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below
horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor and higher than highest
spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the stacks.
Stack Vent – the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected
to the stack. The uppermost end above the roof is called stack vent through roof (SVTR).
Vent Stack – a the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to and
from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
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Note:
Section 906 – Vent Termination
906.1 Each vent pipe or stack through roof (SVTR) shall extend its flashing all around and the
stack vent shall terminate vertically not less than 15 cm above the roof nor less than 0.3 meter
from any vertical surface nearby.
906.2 Each vent opening shall terminate not less than three (3) meters from, or at least 0. 9
meter above any openable window, door opening, air intake or vent shaft; nor less than 0.9 meter
away from any lot line, alley and street boundary lines.
906.3 Vent pipes shall be extended separately or combined, of full required size not less than 15
cm above the roof or fire wall. Flagpoling of vents is prohibited except where the roof is used for
purposes other than weather protection.
906.4 Vertical vent pipes for outdoor installations shall extend to at least 3 meter distant from
any part of the roof that is used for other purposes and shall extend not less than 2.1 meter above
such roof and shall be securely stayed.
906.5 Joints at the roof around stack vent pipes shall be made watertight by the use of approved
flashing material and installation.
95
Soil and Vent Pipe Sizing
96
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Storm Drainage System: Downspout & Roof Gutter

Conductor – a vertical pipe to convey rainwater. Also known as Downspout.
Downspout – the vertical portion of a rainwater conductor.
Leader – a pipe connected from building gutter to the downspout or conductor.
Storm drainage are required for roof areas, courts and courtyards to collect storm water and
discharge the storm water to an approved point of disposal not in conflict with other ordinances
or regulations.
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Note:
Section 1104 – Sizing of Rainwater Piping
1104.1 Vertical rainwater piping shall be sized in accordance with Table 11-1, which is based
upon maximum depth in mm or rainfall per hour falling upon a given roof area in square meter.
Consult local rainfall figures to determine maximum rainfall per hour. Normally 102 mm/hour
rainfall intensity is used around Manila area.
1104.2 Vertical Wall Areas. Where vertical walls project above a roof so as to permit storm
water to drain to adjacent roof area below, the total roof area considered may be computed from
Table 11-2 as follows:
1104.2.1 For one (1) wall - add fifty (50) percent of area of the wart to the roof area,
1104.2.2 For two (2) adjacent walls - add thirty five (35) percent of the total wall areas to
the roof area;
1104.2.3 Two {2) walls opposite each other and of same heights - add no additional area to
the roof area;
1104.2.4 Two (2) walls opposite of differing heights- add fifty (50) percent of wall area
above top of lower wall to the roof area.
1104.2.5 Walls on three (3) sides - add fifty (50) percent of area of the inner wan below the
top of the lowest wall, plus allowance for area of wall above top of the lowest wall per Sections
1104.2.2 and 1104.2.4
1104.2.6 Walls of four (4) sides- no allowance for wall areas below top of lowest wall - add
for areas above top lowest wall per 1104.2.1, 1104.2.2, 1104 2.4 and 1104.2.5
1104.2.7 The area of the side of a tall building exposed to rain is taken as one-half of the
gross area.
99
100
Sizing Horizontal Rainwater Piping
Horizontal Rainwater Piping: The size of a building rainwater piping or any of its horizontal
branches shall be sized in accordance with Table 11-2 (Based upon maximum roof areas to be
drained.)
Example: Table 11-2
Roof Area - 548. 1 m2
Max Rainfall/hr. - 127 mm
Pipe Laid at (20.9 mm/m) slope or s = .02
Find area in column under 127 mm and at slope of 0.02 and read 561. 1 m2 (as closest). Choose
152 mm as size of leader and downspout at leftmost column.
101
102
103
Sizing Gutter
The size of semi-circular bottom roof gutters shall be based on the maximum roof area, in
accordance with Table 11-3
Example: Table 11-3
Roof Area = 186 m2
Max Rainfall/hr. = 102 mm
Pipe Laid at 10.4 mrn/m slope or s = 0.01
Find area in column under 102 mm rainfall intensity on Table with s = .01 and read 181.4 m2 (as
closest) move to left and read 177.8 mm diameter gutter.
104
105
106
107
108

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JPT Review Notes for Master Plumber Board Exam Prepared by: Arch. Jerald B.

PIPES AND FITTINGS

- National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

A cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular dimensions commonly

- Uniform Plumbing Code

Types of Drainage Pipes:

“Branch” is a pipe that runs horizontally.

“Stack” is a pipe that runs vertically.

Types of Asbestos Cement Pipe:

Diameter: 75mm (3”) – 900mm (13”)

Length: 3.00m (10’) – 4.00m (13’) for 75mm,

4.00m (13’) for 200mm

Grades: 1500, 2400, 3000, 4000, and 5000 lbs.

Joints: rubber gasket joint and cement joint.

Classifications of Cast Iron Soil Pipe:

Types of Cast Iron Soil Pipe:

Length: 5’ and 10’

Hydrostatic Test: 50 psi for service weight (SV)

100 psi for extra heavy duty (XV)

Types of Joints for Cast Iron Soil Pipe

- Lead and Oakum (calking)

“Spigot” the end of the pipe that fits into a bell.

Fittings for Cast Iron Soil Pipe

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Section 311 – Prohibited Fittings and Practices

Section 315 – Hangers and Supports

315.1 Vertical Piping

315.2 Horizontal Piping

Types of Concrete Pipe:

Diameter: 100mm (4”) – 1050mm (42”)

Grades: standard, extra strength, and perforated

Joint: cement joint and pre-fabricated compression seals

Vitrified Clay Pipe Fittings

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Section 315 – Hangers and Supports

315.1 Vertical Piping

315.2 Horizontal Piping

1. The K type is the heaviest. It is suitable for underground installation.

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Section 1403 – Use of Copper Tubing

Type DWV, yellow

Basic types of Plastic Pipe

Thermoset Curing Process

Features & Benefits

Thermoset plastics significantly improve the material’s mechanical properties, providing

Thermoplastics Curing Process

Features & Benefits

Types of Plastic Pipes for Drainage System

HDPE Spiral Pipe

Diameter: 100mm (4”) –

Joint: Screw-type couplings

HDPE Pipe Fittings

2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – is a thermoplastic type which is composed of molecules of

Types of PVC Pipes used for Drainage

Diameter: 150mm (6”) –

250mm (10”) – 315mm

1. Short nipple – below 75mm in length. Also known as shoulder nipple.

Tee – a “t-shaped” pipe fitting that joins 3 or 4 pipes at perpendicular directions.

Plug – is used to close an opening in a fitting.

Cap – is used to close the end of a pipe.

There are usually valves at:

1. Pipes in individual fixture or equipment