Committee #2:

Verticals IMT2020
New Use Cases SWG-2
Mission Critical IoT Communication in 5G
(Critical IoT, Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications )

Contact: Mohanad ElSakka, M.Sc. EE

mohanad.elsakka@du.ae / +971559531525
Senior Manager, Digital Enablement and IoT.
Emirates Integrated Telecommunication Company (du).
OUTLINE
1. Introduction.
2. Vision and Requirements of Mission Critical IoT in 5G.
3. Classification of IoT.
4. Possible Enabling Technologies.
5. Research Opportunities.
6. Summary.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 2

Abstract
• 5G is envisioned to support unprecedented diverse applications and
services with extremely various performance requirements:
• mission critical IoT communication,
• massive machine-type communication,
• Gigabit mobile connectivity.
• This imposes enormous challenges to fulfil the key performance
requirements, in particular, mission critical IoT communication, which calls
for a dramatic model change in 5G.
• This work presents vision and requirements of mission critical IoT
scenarios and the enabling technologies in 5G.
• Several research opportunities are given as example for inspiration purpose
for industry and academia.
IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 3
Introduction
• To enable mission critical IoT applications it requires an extra care in the
design from hardware of smart objects, software, cyber physical system
(CPS), to communication infrastructure and network architecture.
• The state-of-the-art IoT solutions evolved from the traditional embedded
wireless sensor and actuator networks and M2M communication in LTE,
fall far short of the strict requirements for mission critical applications.
• The aim is to provide mission critical communication with ultra-low latency,
ultra-high reliability, availability, and security to smart objects and CPSs in
5G by leveraging a number of key enabling technologies in:
• Air interface and,
• Network architecture.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 4

OUTLINE
1. Introduction.
2. Vision and Requirements of Mission Critical IoT in 5G.
3. Classification of IoT.
4. Possible Enabling Technologies.
5. Research Opportunities.
6. Summary.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 5

 Vision of Mission Critical IoT in 5G
>10 Gbps peak data rates 10 000 x more traffic
Unlimited User Experience 100 Mbps whenever needed

Use cases ?

10-100 x more devices

M2M ultra low cost <1 ms radio latency

10 years on battery Ultra reliability

Source: Recommandation ITU-R M.2083 on IMT-2020 Vision

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 6

Mission Critical Use Cases

• Autonomous vehicle.
• Mission critical UAVs.
• IoT devices of first responders.
• Remote radar systems.
• Industrial machineries in smart factories.
• Mission Critical remote robotic surgery.
• Remote early warning sensors.
• .. and many more ..
Requirements ?

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 7

Mission Critical IoT Requirements
Latency
(1ms E2E)
Can be achieved by Faster, more flexible frame
structure; also new non-orthogonal uplink access

Reliability
(Ultra-high)
Ultra-High reliable transmissions that can be time
multiplexed with nominal traffic through puncturing
IoT Applications Classifications ?
Availability
(Ultra-high)
Simultaneous links to both 5G and LTE for failure
tolerance and extreme mobility

Security
(E2E)
Security enhancements to air interface, core network
and service layer across verticals

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 8

OUTLINE
1. Introduction.
2. Vision and Requirements of Mission Critical IoT in 5G.
3. Classification of IoT.
4. Possible Enabling Technologies.
5. Research Opportunities.
6. Summary.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 9

Classification of IoT
• IoT has a wide range of applications and use cases, with diverse
communication performance requirements.
• There exists different ways to categorize IoT applications.
• It can be basically classified as:

• monitoring-based and control oriented or

• mission-critical and non-mission-critical;

• which are differentiated in the requirements on reliability, availability and end-to-end

latency.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 10

 Classification of IoT
Basic performance requirements of the different categories in terms of latency, reliability and availability.

Monitoring-based Control-oriented
Low latency Ultra-Low latency
Mission Critical Carrier grade Reliability Carrier grade Reliability
Approx. 100% Availability Approx. 100% Availability

Moderate latency Ultra-Low latency

Non Mission Critical Moderate Reliability Moderate Reliability
High Availability High Availability

The matrix of IoT classification and the performance requirements.

Possible enabling technology in 5G

Source: Future Access Enablers for Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures, pp.35-41

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 11

 Classification of IoT

5G Use cases
requiring low
latency and/or high
reliability

Source: Nokia white paper: 5G for Mission Critical Communication

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 12
OUTLINE
1. Introduction.
2. Vision and Requirements of Mission Critical IoT in 5G.
3. Classification of IoT.
4. Possible Enabling Technologies.
5. Research Opportunities.
6. Summary.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 13

Mission Critical IoT Communications in 5G
• Mission critical IoT communication is one of the main goals in 5G.
• A number of initiatives in the industrial and academic communities
and standardization bodies are working on this.
• EU project METIS and 5GNOW aim to lay the foundation of 5G on ultra-
reliable communication to enable mission-critical M2M applications.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 14

Possible Enabling Technologies
• The key performance requirements of mission critical IoT
communication have an important impact on:
• the design choices of each component in the communication link and;
• the optimization across the entire protocol stack.
• In the following, we will briefly present the enabling technologies in
software-defined air interface and network architecture.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 15

Possible Enabling Technologies (Air Interface 1/3)
• Air Interface:

• 5G needs to design a new air interface not only to deal with mixed traffic
types, e.g., massive sporadic machine-type traffic, real-time mobile traffic,
but also to achieve ultra-low latency and ultra-reliable mission critical
communication.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 16

 Possible Enabling Technologies (Air Interface 2/3)
• To address the requirements and challenges, several designs, many options
and proposals of 5G air interface have been proposed:
• 5GNOW has proposed to use non-orthogonal asynchronous waveforms in
the new physical layer to replace the synchronism and orthogonality in
OFDM.
• Wunder, G., et al.: 5GNOW: non-orthogonal, asynchronous waveforms for future mobile applications.
waveforms

IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(2), 97–105 (2014)

• Other options among the superior waveform alternatives:
• universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC),
• filtered bank multi-carrier (FBMC),
• filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM),
• generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM),

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 17

 Possible Enabling Technologies (Air Interface 3/3)
• Other technologies like Massive MIMO increasing network capacity
Massive
MIMO

and coverage.

• Advanced error control coding, promise benefits contributing to

AECC

realize carrier grade reliability and improve availability.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 18

Services and Deployments Diversity and it Possible Realization in 5G
5G New Radio Downlink 5G New Radio Uplink
Unified downlink design For different deployment

Macro cell eMBB Small cell eMBB

SC-FDM + SC-FDMA CP-OFDM + OFDMA
with WOLA
To maximize device energy efficiency To maximize spectral efficiency

MBB Massive IoT Mission Critical

For different Services
Helps maintain orthogonality
despite multipath fading
Massive IoT
CP-OFDM + OFDMA Low energy single-carrier
with WOLA (SC-FDE and GMSK)
windowing reduces out-of-band emissions Resource Spread Multiple
Implemented using time domain windowing

Also recommended for D2D and inter-cell Mission Critical IoT

+ Access (RSMA)

communications to maximize Tx/Rx design reuse Grant-free transmissions efficient for sporadic
CP-OFDM + OFDMA / SC-FDM transfer of small data bursts with
with WOLA asynchronous, non-orthogonal, contention-
Small cell based access

Physical Layer Waveform Multiple Access Technology

Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. September 2016.
IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 19
Services and Deployments Diversity and it Possible Realization in 5G

CP-OFDM/OFDMA for 5G downlink:

* CP-OFDM with windowing/filtering delivers higher spectral efficiency with comparable out-of-band emission performance
and lower complexity than alternative multi-carrier waveforms under realistic implementations.
* Co-exist with other waveform & multiple access options for additional use cases and deployment scenarios.
• Flexible frequency assignment.
• Easy integration with MIMO.
• Lower implementation complexity.

SC-FDM/SC-FDMA:
For scenarios requiring high energy efficiency (e.g. macro uplink).
• Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) for use cases requiring asynchronous and grant-less access (e.g. IoT).

* OFDM-based multi-carrier waveform: Delivers higher spectral efficiency and is suitable for downlink
where energy efficiency requirement is more relaxed.
* Single carrier waveform: Can be used for other scenarios requiring high energy efficiency.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 20

Possible Enabling Technologies (Network 1/1)
• Network Architecture:
• Different mission critical IoT use cases have differentiated requirements for
connectivity in terms of latency, reliability and others.
• One of the keys to address these challenges is to enable higher-degree
flexibility in the network by the concept of network slices.
• Each slice can be customized to match requirements of specific use case to
optimize the network resource utilization.
• Network slicing leverage the software-defined networking (SDN), network
function virtualization (NFV) and cloud computing technologies to provide an
abstraction of the physical network infrastructure realizing network-wide
programmability and separate hardware from software making the network
functions independent from a specific location and node.
IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 21
OUTLINE
1. Introduction.
2. Vision and Requirements of Mission Critical IoT in 5G.
3. Classification of IoT.
4. Possible Enabling Technologies.
5. Research Opportunities.
6. Summary.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 22

Research opportunities
• To further enhance reliability, advanced error control coding scheme can be
applied, e.g., polar codes concatenated with cyclic redundancy codes is
promising to outperform turbo or LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes
according to the simulation results in the literature.
• Polar codes are a major breakthrough in coding theory.
• They can achieve Shannon capacity with a simple encoder and a simple successive
cancellation (SC) decoder when the code block size is large enough. Polar codes have
brought significant interests and a lot of research work has been done mainly on
code design and decoding algorithm.
• It is particularly interesting to find a simple encoder and faster decoding
algorithm for polar codes with short block size, which is necessary to
minimize the end-to-end latency.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 23

Research Opportunities
• To fully leverage the benefits of fog/edge computing, a better
integration of SDN and NFV with fog/edge networking should be
studied considering the dynamic nature of the components of the
fog. Especially the combination of SDN and NFV is leading to a fusion
of transport and storage.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 24

Summary
• It is an exciting era to witness the rapid development of IoT and the
converging visions of 5G.
• It is clear that to address the challenges in 5G, especially, mission
critical IoT communication, it calls for a complete design pattern
change.
• In order to fulfill the 5G system requirement for mission critical
communications, 5G needs to design a new air interface and
Network Architecture need to provide higher-degree flexibility
through optimized coupling of NFV, SDN and Cloud Computing
technologies.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 25

Thank You ..

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 26

 References
• [1]. Future Access Enablers for Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures, pp.35-41. Mission Critical IoT Communication in 5G: Qi Zhang and
Frank H.P. Fitzek, Qi Zhang Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark and 5G Lab Germany, Technische Universitt Dresden,
Dresden, Germany frank.fitzek@tu-dresden.de.
• [2]. TS 23.303 3GPP TS 23.303 Proximity-based services (ProSe); Stage 2
• [3]. TS 23.203 3GPP TS 23.203 Policy and charging control architecture
• [4]. TS 22.179 3GPP TS 22.179 Mission Critical Push to Talk (MCPTT); Stage 1
• [5]. TS 22.346 3GPP TS 22.179 Isolated E-UTRAN operation for public safety; Stage 1
• [6] NPSTC, “700 MHz Public Safety Broadband Task Force Report and Recommendations,” Sept. 4, 2009
• [7] TIA, “APCO Project 25 System and Standards Definition,” TIA/EIA Telecommun. Sys. Bull., TSB102-A, Nov. 1995
• [8] ETSI, “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 1: General Network Design,” EN 300 392-1 v1.2.0, Sept. 2002.
• [9] Public Safety Broadband, “Push-to-Talk over Long Term Evolution Requirements,” NPSTC Public Safety Communications Report, July 18, 2013.
• [10]. C. Perera, C. H. Liu, S. Jayawardena, M. Chen, "Enabling the IoT Machine Age With 5G: Machine-Type Multicast Services for Innovative Real-
Time Applications ", IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 5555 - 5569, 2016.
• [11]. “Public-safety Communications Fare Better than Commercial Networks after Superstorm Sandy,” Urgent Communications, November 6, 2012
• [12]. “Cybersecurity: Threats Impacting the Nation”, United States Government Accountability Office, April 2012
• [13]. ISO/IEC 20924,Information technology Internet of Things (IoT) — Definition and Vocabulary

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 27

 References
• [14]. Miorandi, D., et al.: Internet of things: vision, applications and research challenges. J. Ad Hoc Netw. 10(7), 1497–1516 (2012)
• [15]. Atzori, L., et al.: The internet of things: a survey. Comput. Netw. 54(15), 2787–2805 (2010)
• [16]. Evans, D.: The internet of things: how the next evolution of the internet is changing everything. In: Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group
(IBSG)
• [17]. Chamber, J.: Beyond the hype: internet of things shows up strong at mobile world congress, PC World (2014)
• [18]. Manyika, J., et al.: Disruptive Technologies: Advances that will Transform Life, Business, and the Global Economy. McKinsey Global Institute,
San Francisco (2013)
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• [20]. Fettweis, G.P., et al.: The tacile Internet, ITU-T TechnologyWatch Report, August 2014
• [21]. METIS 2020: Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society. https://www.metis2020.com
• [22]. 5GNOW 5th Generation Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling. http://www.5gnow.eu/
• [23]. Wunder, G., et al.: 5GNOW: non-orthogonal, asynchronous waveforms for future mobile applications. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(2), 97–105
(2014)
• [24]. 5G: New Air Interface and Radio Access Virtualization. Huawei white paper, April 2015
• [25]. Au, K., et al.: Uplink contention based SCMA for 5G radio access. In: IEEE Globecom Workshop on Emerging Technologies for 5G Wireless
Cellular Network, pp. 900–905 (2014)

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 28

 References
• [26]. Bayesteh, A., et al.: Blind detection of SCMA for uplink grant-free multiple-access. In: 2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless
Communications Systems (ISWCS), pp. 853–857, 26–29 August 2014
• [27]. Trivisonno, R., et al.: SDN-based 5G mobile networks: architecture, functions, procedures and backward compatibility. Trans. Emerg.
Telecommun. Technol. 26(1), 82–92 (2015)
• [28]. Bonomi, F., et al.: Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In: Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile
Cloud Computing, MCC 2012, pp. 13–16, Helsinki, Finland (2012)
• [29]. Soldani, D., Manzalini, A.: A 5G infrastructu

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 29

Backup Slides

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 30

How OFDM works ?

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 31

Efficient service multiplexing with windowed OFDM

OFDM with WOLA windowing OFDM with WOLA windowing

Substantially increases frequency localization

PSD of CP-OFDM with WOLA at the transmitter * Effectively reduces in-band and out-of-band emissions
* Windowed OFDM proven in LTE system today
* Alternative OFDM-approaches, such as FBMC and
UFMC, add complexity with marginal benefits

Normalized frequency [1/T]

CP-OFDM: No Clipping
CP-OFDM +WOLA: Ideal PA Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. September 2016.
IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 32
 Waveform Comparison

• CP-OFDM with WOLA offers higher spectral efficiency and low implementation complexity, and is suitable for the downlink where energy efficiency requirement is more relaxed
• Other waveform and multiple access options can co-exist with CP-OFDM within the same framework to support additional scenarios:
- SC-FDM with orthogonal multiple access on macro uplink for better PA efficiency
- SC-FDE with RSMA for use cases requiring grant-less asynchronous access

Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. September 2016. Qualcomm simulation.

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 33

Efficient mission-critical IoT multiplexing with other services

RSMA
OFDM
Non-orthogonal
Waveform
+ Access

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 34

Potential multiple access schemes

Characterized by small data bursts in uplink where signaling overhead is a key issue
Grant-free transmission of small data exchanges
• Eliminates signaling overhead for assigning dedicated resources
• Allows devices to transmit data asynchronously
• Capable of supporting full mobility
Increased battery life, Scalability to massive # of things, Better link budget

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 35

END .

IoT Mission Critical Communication in 5G 36