CBSE

MEDICAL ENTRANCE
SOLVED P A P E R /^ M tU
rttysics
A pair o f physical quantities having same (a) 1500 V3 N (b ) 1500 N
dimensional formula is : (c) 300 v'3 N (d ) 300 N
(a) force and torque
5. Two masses M j = 5 kg,
(b) work and energy
M 2 = 10 kg are
(c) force and impulse
connected at the ends o f
(d) linear momentum and angular momentum
an inextensible string
An engine exerts a force F -- (20i - 3j ■■ 5 k ) N passing over a
frictionless pulley as
and moves with velocity
-> * shown. When masses are
v ^ ( 6 i + 20j - 3 k) m/s. The power o f the released, then
engine (in watt) is ; acceleration of masses
(a) 45 (to 75 will be :
(c) 20 (d) 10
Two particles are projected with same initial (b)
velocities at an angle 30° and 60“ with the
horizontal. Then : 6 . A particle moves along a straight line such that
(a) their heights will be equal its displacement at any time t is given by
(b) their ranges will be equal i = 3 f'J + 7 r 2 + 1 4 f-^ 5 . The acceleration of
(c) their time o f flights will be equal the particle at r = 1 s is :
(d) their ranges will be different
(a) IS m/s" (b) 32 m/s"
A ball of mass 3 kg moving with a speed o f (c) 29 m/s" (d ) 24 m/s~
lOOm/s, strikes a wall at an angle 60“ (as
shown in figure). The ball rebounds at the 7. A boat which has a speed o f 5 km/h in still
same speed and remains in contact with the water crosses a river of width 1 km along the
ball for 0.2 s, the force exerted by the ball on shortest possible path in 15 min. The velocity
the wall i s : o f the river water in km/h i s :
(a) 1 (b) 3r_______
(c) 4 (d) V 41
8 . A particle o f mass 1 kg is thrown vertically
upwards with speed 100 m/5, After 5 s it
explodes into two parts. One part of mass
400 g comes back with speed 25 m/s, what is
the speed o f other part just after explosion ?
(a) 100 m/s upward
(b) 600 m/s upward
(c) 100 m/s downward
(d ) 300 m/s upward
 9. A stone is attached A
to one end o f a
string and rotated in
a vertical circle. If
string breaks at the
position of
maximum tension, it
w ill break at : B

(a ) A (b ) B
(e ) C (d ) D
10. A solid sphere and a h ollow sphere are thrown
horizontally from a cliff with equal velocities,
respectively. Then which sphere reaches first
on earth ?
(a ) Solid sphere
(b ) H ollow sphere
(c ) Both sphere simultaneously
(d ) W e cannot say because masses o f spheres
are not given

11. Escape velocity from earth is 11,2 km/s.

Another planet o f same mass has radius 1/4
times that o f earth. W hat is the escape velocity
from another planet ?
(a ) 11,2 km/s (b ) 44.8 km/s
(c) 22.4 km/s (d ) 5.6 km/s

1 2 . ABC is a right angled triangular plate of

uniform thickness. The sides are suchthat
AB > BC as shown in figure. 1^, I 2> h are
moments o f inertia about AB, BC and AC
respectively. Then which o f the follow ing
relations is correct ?

(a ) I, = U - h GO 12 > h > I-s

(c) In < l 2 < /j (d ) L, > fj > 12

13. A gas is form ed o f molecules each molecule

possessing/degrees o f freedom , then the value
Q
o f y = - is equal to :
C I,■
 (a) j (b ) 1 + j

(c ) 1 + I (d ) / + I

14. A pendulum is displaced to an angle 0 from its

equilibrium position; then it w ill pass through
its mean position with a velocity v equal to :
(a) J 2 ~gl (b ) yj2 gfsfn 0
(c ) ^ 2 gl cos 0 (d ) -yj2 g l ( 1 - cos 0)

15. An engine takes heat from a reservoir and

converts its 1/6 part into work. By decreasing
temperature o f sink by 62°C, its efficiency
becomes double. The temperatures o f source
and sink must be :
(a ) 90 °C, 37 °C (b ) 99 ’ C, 37 "C
(c) 372 °C, 37 °C (d ) 206 °C, 37 °C

16. Tw o sources are at a finite distance apart. They

emit sounds o f w avelength An observer
situated between them on line joining
approaches one source with speed u. Then the
number o f beats heard./s by observer w ill be :

(a ) (b ) ~ (c ) i L (d ) A
k k 2K u

17. Rainbows are formed by :

(a) reflection and diffraction
(b ) refraction and scattering
(c ) dispersion and total internal reflection
fd ) interference only
18. A man is 6 feet tall. In order to see his entire
image, he requires a plane mirror o f minimum
length equal to :
(a) 6 ft (b ) 12 ft
(O 2 ft (d ) 3 ft

19. Tw o simple harmonic motions given by

jc = A sin ( « t +R) and y = A sin^ m t + S •+• j

act on a particle simultaneously; then the

motion o f particle w iil be :
(a ) circular anti-clockwise
(b ) circular clockwise
(c) elliptical anti-clockwise
(d ) elliptical clockwise

20. A plano-convex lens is made o f a material o f

refractive index jj - 1.5. The radius o f curvature
o f curved surface o f the lens is 20 cm, If its plane
surface issilvered, the focal length o f the silvered
lens w ill be :
(a ) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
(c ) 40 cm (d ) 80 cm
2 1 . T w o wires are held perpendicular to the plane length is A coulomb/metre, the electric field at
o f paper at 5 m apart. They carry currents of the centre O is :
2.5 A and 5 A in same direction. Then the
(a)- (b)
magnetic field strength (b) at a point midway
2 rta^o
between the wires w ill be : _
(c) (d j zero
fa) ^ T (b) ^ T 2 tie,-,a
4te 2jt
27. Potentiometer measures the potential
(0 T (d ) % ^ T
Z7I 4rc difference more accurately than a voltmeter
because :
22. A capacitor is charged by connecting a battery
across its plates. It stores energy U. Now the (a) it has a wire of high resistance
fb) it has a wire o f low resistance
battery is disconnected and another identical
(c) it does not draw current from external
capacitor is connected across it, then the
circuit
energy stored by both capacitors o f the system
(d ) it draws a heavy current from external
w ill be :
circuit
(a) U
«»! 28. In electrolysis the mass deposited on an
electrode is directly proportional to :
(c) 2 U (d ) | l/
(a) current
(b) square o f current
23. A bridge circuit is shown in figure The
(c) concentration o f solution
equivalent resistance between /I and B will be :
(d) inverse o f current
29. The frequency o f y-rays, X-rays and ultraviolet
rays are a, b and c respectively. Then :
(a) a > b > c (b) a < b < c
(c) a = b - c (d ) a > c > b
30. A wire o f resistance R is connected in series with
an inductor o f reactance wL. Then quality'factor
o f RL circuit is :
r i -R■ (ijL
(a) (b)
(i)I R

(a) 21 Q (b l 7 Cl to -r
(r ‘ io2L2
25*?
<d>*° 31. Einstein's work on photoelectric effect gives
24. Tw o bulbs 25 W, 220 V and 100 W, 220 V are support to :
given. Which has higher resistance ? (a) S = mcA (b ) E - hv
(a) 25 W bulb (d ) E =
(c) hv = i mv 2
(b ) 100 W bulb
(c) Both bulbs will have equal resistance 32. Nuclear fission can be explained by :
(d) Resistance o f bulbs cannot be compared
(a) proton-proton cycle
25. An electron moves with a velocity 1 x !0 ~ m/s (b) liquid drop model o f nucleus
(c) independent o f nuclear panicle model
in a magnetic field of induction 0.3 T at an
(d) nuclear shell model
angle 30D. I f - - o f electron is 1.76 x 10u C/kg,
° m 33. When electron jumps from n = 4 to n - 2 orbit,
the radius o f the path is nearly :
we get :
(a ) 10 H m (b ) 2 x 10 m
(a) second line o f Lyman series
(c) 1 0 '" m (d ) 10 “ 10m (b ) second line o f Balmer series
(c) second line o f Paschen series
24. A charged wire is bent in the form of a
(d) an absorption line of Balmer series
semi-circular arc o f radius a. If charge per unit
 34 . Which o f die follow in g transitions gives photon 41. A sonom eter w ire when vibrated in full length
o f maximum energy ? has frequency n. N ow it is divided by the help
(a ) n = 1 ton = 2 (b ) n = 2 to n — 1 o f bridges into a number o f segments of
(c ) f] = 2 to n = 6 (d ) n - 6 to n = 2 lengths - ■ ■ When vibrated these
35. The relationship between disintegration segments have frequencies rij, Ho, n^, . . . then
constant (a) and half-life (T ) w ill be : the correct relation is :
(a ) n — ii; + r-2 + n ■+ . . .
(») x .O lp * (i.) i . S f t * (b) n“ = n“ ■+■ i:2 - + ...
. , 1 1 1 1
(c)
A _ Tog72 C } T it Flj
1 1
36. The half-life ot a radioactive material is 3 h. If (d ) - ^ =
the initial amount is 300 g, then after 18 h, it v'n ,jn-[
w ill remain : 42. In which o f the follow in g figures, junction
(a ) 4.68 g (b ) 46.8 g diode is forward biased ?
(0 9.375 g fd ) 93.75 g
37 . A nuclear decay is expressed as
tlC i] > r-B11 +|V + A' &
OV +2V OV - 2V
Then the unknown panicle X is ; (a) (b)
(a ) neutron [b j antineutrino
(c ) proton (d ) neutrino
38. If a and fi are current gains in common-base - 2V OV 2V 5V
and com m on-em itter configurations of a (c) (ti)

transistor, then p is equal to :

43. The energy o f a photon o f light is 3 eV, Then
fa) 1 (b )
Ct I -r a the wavelength o f photon must be :
(a) 4125 nm (b ) 412.5 nm
(e) (d ) u i--
l - « ct (c) 41250 nm (d ) 4 nm

39. The truth table given below : 44. A body has a w eight 72 N. When it is taken to a
height h = R (radius o f earth), it would w eigh :
In p u ts O u tpu t (a ) 72 N fb ) 36 N CO 18 N (d ) zero
A B Y 45- A ccll has an e m f 1.5 V, W hen connected

0 0 0
across an external resistance of 2 ti, the
terminal potential difference falls to 1.0 V. The
1 0 0
internal resistance o f the cell is :
0 1 0 (a ) 2Q (b ) 1.5 n
Cc) 1.0 n (d ) 0.5 Q
1 1 1
46. A charge q is placed at the corner o f a cube of
represents : side a. The electric flux through the cube is :
(a ) AND gate (b ) NOR gate
(a) q (b) (c ) - 3 - (d ) J -
(c ) OR gate (d ) NAND gate ; 6 Kc(,
40. The gases earbon-monoxide (C O ) and nitrogen
47. A man goes at the top o f a smooth inclined
at the same temperature have kinetic energies
plane. He releases a bag to fall freely and he
E\ and £ 2 respectivrely. Then :
himself slides on inclined plane to reach the
(a ) £, =E2 bottom. If Vj and v., are the velocities o f the
(b ) E] > E2
m a il and bag respectively, then :
(e) £, < E2
(a ) Vj > v 2
(d ) £] and E 2 cannot be compared
(10 v, < v 2
('■■) ^ = v 2
(d ) Vj and v 2 cannot be compared
48. A transparent cube contains a small air bubble. (b) Convection
Its apparent distance is 2 cm when seen (g) Radiation
through one face and 5 cm when seen through (d ) None of the above
other face. If the refractive index o f the 50. Tw o strings A and B have lengths and IB and
material o f the cube is 1.5, the reallength of
carry masses M A and M n at their lower ends,
the edge of cube must be :
the upper ends being supported by rigid
(a) 7 cm (b) 7.5 cm
supports. If nA and nB are their frequencies of
(c) 10.5 cm (d ) ™ cm their vibrations and nA - 2 nB, then :
(a) lA ~ 4/h, regardless o f masses
49. Which one o f the follow ing processes depends
(b) /g = 4/^, regardless o f masses
on gravity ?
(c) M a = 2 M Bj lA = 2 \b
(a) Conduction
(d ) = 2 M A, ijj = 2 lA

Chemistry
51. The energy o f photon is given as : Ae/atom 56. For a reversible reaction, if the concentrations
= 3.03 * 10~19 J atom " 1 then, the wavelength of the reactants are doubled, the equilibrium
(7.) of the photon is ; constant will be :

fa) 6.56 nm (b ) 65.6 nm (a) one-fourth (h) halved

(c) 656 nm (d ) 0.656 nm (c) doubled (d ) the same
57. The entropy change in the fusion o f one mole
(Given, /i(Planck’s constant) = 6.63 x lO ^ 4 J-s,
of a solid melting at 27°C (Latent heat of
c(velocity o f light)= 3.00 x 108 m s"E)
fusion, 2930 J mol 1) is :
52. Which one o f the follow ing is planar ? (a) 9.77 J K ' 1 m ol-1
(a) XeF4 (b ) X e0 4 (b) 10.73 J KT1 mol-1
(c) XeO;iF Cd) XeD 3 F2
(c) 2930 J Y. - 1 mol *1
53. The conjugate acid o f NH 2 i s : (d) 108.5 J fC 1 m ol -1
(a) N 2H 4 (b ) NH^
58. The half-life o f a radioactive isotope is three
(c) NHpH (d ) NH 3 hours. If the initial mass o f the isotope was
54. The equivalent conductances o f Ba2+ and Cl” 300g, the mass which remained undccayed
are 127 and 76 ohm "1 cm -1 eq *1 respectively after 18 hours would be :
(a) 4.6Sg (b) 2.34g
at infinite dilution. The equivalent
(c) 1.17g (d ) 9.36g
conductance o f BaCl2 at infinite dilution will
be : 59. Cell reaction is spontaneous when :
fa) 139.5 (b) 203 (a) £°rcd is negative (b) is positive
(c) 279 (d ) 101.5 (c) AG° is negative (d) AG° is positive
55. If A£ is the heat o f reaction for 60. Cu‘ (aq) is unstable in solution and undergoes
C 2Hr,O H (0+ 3 0 2( g ) -------» 2 C 0 2 f e ) + 3H ^)(D simultaneous oxidation and reduction
at constant volume, the AH (heat o f reaction at according to the reaction :
constant pressure) at constant temperature is ;
2Cu+ (a<?) Cu 2+ (acj)+ Cu(s)
fa) AH = A£ + RT
(b) AH = AE - RT choose correct £° for above reaction if
(c) AH - AE - 2RT = 0.34 V and . = 0.15 V
Cu" /Uj u r /(.»
(d) AH - AE + 2RT (a) -0 .3 8 V (b) + 0.49 V
(c) + 0.38 V (d) -0 .1 9 V
6 J. W hich o f the follow in g expressions correctly
represents the relationship betw een the
average m olar kinetic energy, KE, o f CO and
molecules at the same temperature ?

( a) KEc o < KEn 2

(b ) KEco > KEn 2

(c ) KEco = KEn ,
(d ) Cannot be predicted unless volumes o f the
gases are given
62 . W hich o f the follow in g statements about pH
and H + ion concentration is incorrect ?
(a ) Addition o f one drop o f concentrated HC1
in N II40 H solution decreases pH o f the
solution
(b ) A solution o f the mixture o f one equivalent
o f each o f CH3COOH and NaOH has a pH
o f?
Cc) pH o f pure neutral w ater is not zero
(d ) A cold and conc. has low er H 1 ion
concentration than a dilute solution o f
h ^ o4
63 . Which one o f the follow in g is true for any
diprotic acid, H 2X ?
( a ) i f a 3 = i f ai ( b ) ^ > J f aj

00 K ^ < K ^ (d )K a i = j^ -

64 . W hich one o f the follow in g molecules w ill form a

linear polym eric structure due to hydrogen
bonding ?
(a ) NH^ (b ) H20

(c ) HC1 (d ) HF
65. In the follow in g reaction, how is the rate o f
ap pea ra nc e o f th e u nd erlined prod uc t re late d t o
the rate o f disappearance o f the underlined
reactant ?
B rO a (a q )+ 5 B r '(a q )+ 6 H * (a q )------->3Br2(Q

+ 3 H 2OCO
, , d[BrJ 5 d [B r“ ]
dr “ 3 dt
^ d [B r J _ d [B r " ]
dt ~ dt
d[Br2] _ 3 cf[B r“ )
lCJ dt “ 5 dt
d[Br2] _ 3 d [ B r ']
1 J dt ~ 5 dt
66 . For the equilibrium

M gC 03 M g O (s )+ C 0 2f e )

which o f the follow in g expressions is correct ?

(a )
[M g 0 ] [ c 0 2]
(b ) Kp - [M g C 0 3]

(c ) K +
^MgCOs

( d)
nwgc:o3

67. Am ong the follow in g the electron d efid eiu

compound is :
(a ) BCI3 (b ) CC14
(c ) PC15 (d ) BeCl^
68 . The method usually em ployed for the
precipitation o f a colloidal solution i s :
(a ) dialysis
(b ) addition o f electrolytes
(c ) diffusion through animal membrane
(d ) condensation
69. The relationship between the dissociation
energy o f N 2 arid is :

(a ) dissociation energy o f N 2 > dissociation

energy o f N 2
(b ) dissociation energy o f N 2 - dissociation
energy o f
(c ) dissociation energy o f N 2 > dissociation
energy o f N 2
(d ) dissociation energy o f N 2 can either be
low er or higher than the dissociation
energy o f N 2

70. The factor o f AG values is important in

metallurgy. The AG values fo r the follow in g
reactions at 8Q0°C are given as :
S2(s )+ 2 0 2( g ) - > 2 S 0 2( g ) ; AG = - 544 kJ
2Z h { s) + S 2(s ) - j- 2ZnS(s); A G = - 293kJ
2 Z n ( j ) + 0 2( g ) —»■ 2Z n O fs); AG = - 480 kJ
The AG fo r the reaction
2 Z n S (sH 3 0 2( g ) -------» 2ZnO C 0+ 2 S 0 2(g l

w ill be :
(a ) -3 5 7 kJ
fb) -731 kJ
(c ) -773 kJ
(d ) -2 2 9 kJ
71. Which one of the follow in g is not (a) NO, CNT, N 2, 0^
paramagnetic?
(b) N 0 + , C 2~, 0 2, CO
(a ) NO (b) NA
(c) n 2, c | - , c o , no
(c) CO (dj 0 2
(d ) CO, N 0 +, CN“ , C 2
72. Among the following ions the pit-eiit overlap
could be present in : 80. In the separation o f Cu‘ ' and Cd "4 in 2nd
(a ) N 0 2 fb) N O , group o f qualitative analysis o f cations,
(cj PO^“ (d ) C O l- ictramine copper (II) sulphate and tetrammme
cadmium (II) sulphate react with KCN to form
73. A compound formed by elements A and B
the corresponding cyano complexes, which
crystallises in the cubic structure where A
one o f the following pairs o f the complexes
atoms arc at the corners of a cube and B atoms
and their relative stability enables the
are at the face centres. The formula of the
separation o fC u 2" andCd2"?
compound is :
(a) K 3[Cu(CN)4] : less stable and
(a) A-J32 (b) AB-j
K 2[C d(C N )4] : more stable
(c) A S (d ) A 3B
(b) K 3[Cu(CN)4] : more stable and
74. Assuming fully decomposed, the volume of K 2[C d(C N )4] : less stable
C 0 2 released at STP on heating 9.85g of (c) K 2[C u(C N )4l : less stable and
BaCOj (Atomic mass, Ba - 337) will be : K 2[C d(C N )4] : more stable
(a ) 1.12 L (b ) 0.84 L (d ) K 2[Cu(CN)4] : more stable and
(c) 2.24 L (d) 4.06 L K 2[C d(C N )4] : less stable

75. A compound contains atoms o f three elements 81. O f the following transition metals, the
A, B and C. If the oxidation number of A is + 2, maximum numbers o f oxidation states are
B is +5, and that of C is -2, the possible exhibited by ;
formula o f the compound is : (a) chromium (Z = 24)
(a) A 2(BC 3)2 (b ) A ,(B C 4)2 (b) manganese (Z = 25)
Cc) A 3 (B 4C )2 (d ) ABC 2 (■:) iron (Z = 26)
(d ) titanium (Z = 22)
76. The correct structure o f Fe(CO)r, i s :
(a ) trigonal bipyramidai 82. Which one o f the following has magnesium ?
(b ) octahedral (a) Vitamin Bj 2
( 0 tetrahedral fb) Chlorophyll
(dj square pyramidal (cj Haemocyanin
(d) Carbonic anhydrase
77. Which one of the following complexes will
have four different isomers ? 83. P ro p a n -l-o l may be prepared by reaction o f
propene with ;
(a) [C o(en ) 2Cl2]Cl
0
fb) [C o(en ) (N H 3 ) 2C12] Cl
II
(c) [Co (PPH 3 ) 2 (N H 3 )C1?] Cl (a) CH 3— C — O— O ^ H
(d ) [C o(en )3]C l3
(b) H 3B 0 3
78. Which one o f the following forms a colourless (c) B2H 6/ N a 0 H -H 20 2
solution in aqueous medium ? (d)
(a) V 3* (b) Cr3' 84. During reduction o f aldehydes with hydrazine
(c) T i3+ (d ) Sc3+ and potassium hydroxide, the first is the
[Atomic num ber: Sc = 21, Ti = 22, V = 23, formation o f :
Cr = 24)
(a) R — CH = N — N H 2
79. Am ong the following groupings which (b) iR — C = N
represents the collection o f isoelectronic (c) R— C — NH 2
species ? II
O
(d ) R — CH = NH
85. In Friedel-Craft’s synthesis o f toluene, the (c l phenoxide ion is stabilized through
reactants in addition to anhydrous A1C13 are : d ci ](j Gi ] ization
(a ) C 6H ^ [ + CH 4 (b ) C i g C l 4- CH 3CI (d ) phenoxide ion is less stable than ethoxide
(c ) C t,H0 I- CH 4 (d j C 6H 6 4-CH 3C1
94. Which one o f the follow in g arrangements does
86. a -D (+ )-g J u c o s e and |3-D( + )-glu cose are ; nm truly represent the property indicated
(a ) a no mors (b ) epimers against it ?
fc) enantiomers (d ) geom etrical isomers (a j Hr? < C l 2 < F2 : Oxidising pow er
(b i f>i; < C]^ < F? : Electronegativity
87. But-2-ene exhibits cis-trans isomerism due to :
(c.i i?r: < F-: < Cl^ : Electron affinity
(a ) rotation around C 2 — C 3 double bond
(d ) Iii‘2 < C !2 < F-> : Bond energy
(b ) rotation around C 3 — C 4 sigma bond
(c ) rotation around C j — C 2 bond 95. Am ong the follow in g compounds the

PP
(d ) restricted rotation around > C = C < bond decreasing order of reactivity towards
ek-ctrophilic substitution is :
88. Reduction b yL iA lH 4 ofh yd rolysed p rod u ctof an
ester gives :
(a ) tw o acids
(b ) w o aldehydes
(c ) one m olecule o f alcohol and another o f
carboxylic acid O CH 3 CF3
(d ) tw o alcohols
III IV
89. Polarization o f electrons in acrolein m ay be
written as ; (a ) ![ > I > III > IV (b ) III > I > II > IV
(a ) C H 2 = C H — CH = O ft) IV > I > II > III td ) I > II > III > IV
5- s+ 96. The f f i V and (S )- enantiomers o f an optically
(b ) C H 2 = CH — CH = 0
active compound differ in :
(c ) C H 2 = C H — CH = 0 (a j their solubility in a chiral solvents
5- 6+ (b ) their reactivity with a chiral reagents
(d ) CH 2 = CH — CH = O (c i their optical rotation o f plane polarised
li.sht
90. An organic com pound A on reduction gives ( d) their m elting points
compound B which on reaction with
97. Benzoic acid may be converted to ethyl
chloroform and potassium hydroxide forms C.
benzoate by reaction with :
The com pound C on catalytic reduction gives
(a ) sodium ethoxide
N-methylaniline. The compound A is :
(b j cthyi chloride
(a ) nitrobenzene (b ) nitromethane
fc! dry'HCl — C 2H 5OH
(c) methylamine (d ) aniline
fd '1 ethanol
91. Am ong the follow in g alkenes,
98. CF, = CF> is a m onom er o f :
1 -butenecis-2 -butene trans-2 -2 butene
( 3) buna-S (b) teflon
1 II III
(c) giyptaf (d ) nylon -6
the decreasing order o f stability is ;
(a ) II > I > III (b ) III > II > I 99. The hormone which controls the processes like
(c ) III > I> II (d ) I > II> III burning o f fats, proteins and carbohydrates to
liberate energy in the body i s :
92. The dihedral angle betw een tw o C— H bonds
(a) cortisone (b ) thyroxine
in the staggered conform ation o f ethane is :
fcj adrenaline (d ) insulin
(a ) 60° (b ) 180°
(c ) 0 ° [d ) 120 " 100. Which o f the follow in g colligative property can
provide m olar mass o f proteins for polymers or
93. The ionization constant o f phenol is higher
colloids) with greatest precision ?
than that o f ethanol because :
fa) Osmotic pressure
(a) phenoxide ion is bulkier than ethoxide
(b j Elevation o f boiling point
(b ) phenoxide ion is stronger base than
(c ) Depression o f freezing point
ethoxide
 Biology
101. Darwin’s finches provide an excellent evidence (c) synthesis o f glucose and starch
in favour of organic evolution, These are Cd) fixation of carbon dioxide
related to which o f the following evidences ? 109. The First Cinitiating) step in photosynthesis is :
(a ) Embryology (a) ionisation o f water
(b) Palaeontology (or fossils) (b) attachment o f C 0 2 to 5-carbon sugar
Cc) Anatom;' (c) excitation o f chlorophyll by a photon o f
Cd) Biogeography [or geographic distribution) light
102. Which one o f the following is correctly (d ) formation o f ATP
matched pair o f a certain plant family and its 1 1 0 . In most fungi, the food material is stored in the
one example ? form o f :
(a) Malvaceae— Cotton [a) starch (b) glucose
(b ) Leguminosae— Mango for Sunflower) Cc) sucrose (d ) glycogen
(c) Cucurbitaceae— Orange
111. Feed back inhibition o f an enzymatic reaction
(d ) Brassicaceae— Wheat
is caused by :
103. Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) usually (a) substrate
refers to the damages caused by : (b) enzyme
(a) low temperature Cc) end product
fb) high temperature Cd) rise in temperature
(c) radiation
1 1 2 . Small proteins produced by vertebrate cells
(d) pollution
naturally in response to viral infections and
104. The greatest biomass o f autotrophs in the which inhibit mudiplication o f viruses are
w orld’s oceans is that o f : called :
(a ) benthic brown algae, coastal red algae and (a) immunoglobulins
daphnids (b) interferons
(b) benthic diatoms and marine viruses Cc) antitoxins
fc) sea grasses and slime molds (d ) lipoproteins
(d ) free-floating micro-algae, cyanobacteria
113. Which one o f the following statements is
and nanoplankton
correct with reference to honey bees ?
105. Enzymes are absent in : (a) Bees wax is a waste (excretory) product o f
(a ) algae (b) fungi honey bees
Cc) cyanobacteria (d ) viruses (b) Communication among honey bees was
106. An institution where valuable plant discovered by Von Frisch
material-likely to become irretrievably lost in (c) Apis indica is largest wild bee in India
the wild or in cultivation-is preserved in a (d) Honey is predominantly sucrose and
viable condition is known as : arabinose
Ca) genome (b ) gene library' 114. Lysosomes are the reservoirs (store houses)
Cc) gene bank (d ) herbarium o f:
107. For yielding one molecule of glucose, the (a) hydrolytic enzymes
Calvin cycle turns : (b) secretory glycoproteins
(c) RNA and protein
(a) nvo times (b ) four times
Cc) six times (d ) eight times Cd) fats (or sugars or ATP)

108. Photochemical reactions in the chloroplast are 115. Black rust o f wheat is caused by a member
directly involved in : species of the genus :
(a) photolysis o f water and phosphorylation of (a) Mucor (b) Rhizopus
ADP to ATP (c) Aspergillus (d ) Piiccinia
(b ) formation o f phosphoglyeerie acid
116. The first successfully cloned mammals 1 2 4 . A w ater tern wm cti is usea as a green niauuic
(anim al) that gained w orldw ide publicity was : in rice fields is :
(a ) M olly (a sheep) (b ) Polly (a sheep) (a ) Salvirtia fb ) M ucor
(c ) Chance (a bull) (d ) Dolly (a sheep) (c) AspergiUus (d ) Azolla
117. As per geological time scale, hominids evolved 125. The endangered largest living lem ur Idri idri is
during : inhabitant o f :
(a ) M iocene (b ) Pliocene [a ) Madagascar (b ) Mauritius
(c ) Pleistocene (d ) Oligocene (c) Sri Lanka (d ) India

11S. Plasmids are suitable vectors for gene cloning 126. ATP is a :
because : (a ) nucleotide fb ) mi cl eo some
(a ) these are small circular D NA molecules (c) purine base (d ) nucleoside
which can integrate with host 127. The largest known ovules, largest male and
chromosomal D NA
fem ale gametes, and largest plants are found
lb ) these are small circular D NA molecules
among :
with their own replication origin site
(a ) tree fems and some monocots
(c ) these can shuttle between prokaryotic and
(b ) angiosperms
eukaryotic cells
(c) gymnosperms
(d ) these often carry antibiotic resistance
fd ) dicotyledonous plants
genes
128. Which one o f the follow in g correctly matches a
119. A bacterium which has found extensive use in
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD ) with its
genetic engineering w ork in plants is :
pathogen ?
(a ) Bacillus coagutans
(a ) AIDS— Bacillus anchra.cn
(b ) Oosrndiu.rvi septicum
(b ) Syphilis— Treponema pallidum
(c ) Jta/it/iomona.5 citric (o r Pseudomonas)
(c) Urethritis— Entamoeba gingival is
(d ) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(d ) Gonorrhoea— Leis/imarcia donovani
120. Enzymes enhance the rate o f a reaction by :
129. Rem oval of apical (term inal) bud of a
(a ) low ering the activation energy o f the
flow erin g plant (o r pruning o f a flow ering
reaction
plant) leads to :
(b ) com bining with the product as soon as it is
(a) formation o f new apical buds
formed
(b ) form ation o f adventitious roots on the cut
( 0 form ing a reactant-product complex
(d ) changing the equilibrium point o f the side
(c) early flow ering (o r stopping o f floral
reaction
grow th)
121. One o f the most important reasons w hy w ild (d ) prom otion o f lateral branches
plants should thrive is that these are good
130- The cell organelle involved in the glycosylation
sources o f ;
o f proteins is :
(a ) unsaturated edible oils
(a) ribosome
( 1j ) highly nutritive animals feed
(b ) peroxisome
(c) genes for resistance to diseases and pests
(c) mitochondria
(d ) rare and highly sought after fruits o f
(d ) endoplasmic reticulum
medical importance
1 3 1 . Am ong mammals, a significant role is the
122. Producing a giant mouse in the laboratory was
digestion o f milk is played by :
possible through ;
(a ) rennin (b) invertase
fa) gene mutation (b ) gene manipulation
(c) amylase (d ) intesLinal bacteria
(e) gene synthesis (d ) gene duplication
132. Which one o f the follow in g is not a vestigial
123. Industrial production o f ethanol from starch is
part in human ?
brought about by a certain species o f ;
(a ) Coccyx
fa ) /bo;odeleter (b ) lactobaci'Mus
Cb) Finger nails
(■::) Saccharomyces (d ) /’emai/ium
fc ) Third m olar o f each side in each ja w
(d ) Segmental muscles o f abdomen
 as prosthetic group are called : and found that its cells contained chlorophyll
(a) lipoproteins (b j nucleoproteins a, chlorophyll d and phycoerythrin. The alga
(cj glycoproteins (dj chromoproteins must belong 10 :
134. Which one of the following is correctly (a) Chlorophyceae
matched pair of the given secretion and its (bj Rhodopyccae
primary role in human physiology ? (cj Bacillariophyceae
(d j Cyanophyceae
(a) Sebum— Sexual attraction
(bj Sweat— Thermoregulation 143. Fixation o f one molecule o f through
(cj Saliva— Tasting food Calvin cycle requ ires:
(dj Tears— Excretion o f salts (aj 3 ATP and 3 NADPJ!, molecules
135. The function o f copper T is to p reven t: (bj 3 ATP and 2 MADPIU moelcules
(cj 2 ATP and 1 NADPH^ molecules
(a) fertilisation
(dj 1 ATP and 2 !T II_ molecules
(b) egg maiuration
(c) ovulation 144. In the life history o f ferns, meiosis occurs at the
(d ) implantation o f blastocyst time o f :
136. The replication o f DNA is a pre-requisite for a ( aj forma non <>i spores
fb) formation o f amheridia and archegonia
eukaryotic cell to undergo division. During the
( cj formation of gametes
cell cycle the DNA replicates in :
(d j ge rm ina li o n o f spo res
(a] S phase fb) G 1phase
(c) G u phase (d j M phase 145. In a given plant, red colour (Rt of fruits is
dominant over vvhiic fruit (rt: and tallness ('[')
137. Which one o f the following characters studied
is dominant over dwarfness (T). If a plant with
by Mendel in garden pea was found to be
genotype KRTt is crossed with a plant of
dominant ?
genotype rrtt. what will be the percentage of
(a) Green seed colour
tall plants with red fruits in the next
(bj Terminal flower position
generation ?
(cj Green pod colour
(d) Wrinkled seed (aj 100% (b) 25%
(cj 50% (d) 75%
138. Geocar]iic fruits are produced by :
146. Mutation generally produces :
(aj carrot (b j onion
(cj ground nut (d j watermelon (aj recessivegenes (b j lethal genes
(cj polygenes (d j dominant genes
139. Special kinds o f roots called pneumatophores
147. The triplet codon in rn-RNA w hich is usually
are characteristics o f the plants growing in ;
the starting point for protein synthesis, is :
(a) sand}' soils
(a) A LI LI (bj AUG
(b) saline soils
(cj AUA (dj AUG
(cj marshy places and salt lakes
(d j dryland regions 148. Zinc as a nutrient is used by the plants in the
140. The plants growing- in magnesium-deficient form o f :
soil, but sprayed with urea wouid show : (aj Zn (bj Z n " ‘
(c) ZnO (d) /nS ()4
(a) deep green foliage
(b) loss o f pigments in petals 149. In an animal cell, protein synthesis takes
(cj early (lowering place :
( dj ye 11o-wing o f 1ea ves (aj only on the ribosomes present in the
141. Coconut milk (coconut water) is widely used cytosol
in tissue culture because it contains : (bj only on the ribosomes attached to nuclear
(a) auxins envelope and endoplasmic reticulum
(bj ethylene (c) on ribosomes present in the nucleolus ;;s
(cj cytokinin well as in cytoplasm
(dj gibberellins (d) on ribosomes' present in the cviosol as well
as in the mitochondria
150. The most important feature of all living
systems from the point o f v ie w o f their
continuity is their capacity to :
(a) produce gametes
(b ) utilise oxygen to generate energy
(c ) use solar energy' for m etabolic activities
(d ) replicate the genetic information
151. M any scientists consider viruses as living
entities because these :
(a ) respire
(b ) can cause diseases
(c ) reproduce (inside host)
(d ) respond to tough environment
152. R N A and D N A are similar in :
(a) h a v in g s im ila r sugars
(b ) having similar pyrim idine bases
(c ) being capable to replicate
(d ) being polymers o f nucleotides
153. In three-dimensional view , a transfer RNA
(£-RNA) m olecule appears :
(a ) Y-shaped (b ) S-shaped
(c ) E-shaped (d ) L-shaped

154. Anticodon is present on :

(a ) r-RNA (b ) r-RNA
(c ) m t-DNA (d ) m-RNA
155. Extranuclear D NA (genes) are located in :
(a) lvsosomes and chloroplasts
(bj Golgi com plex and ribosomes
(c ) chloroplasts and mitochondria
(d ) ribosomes and mitochondria

156. During replication o f DNA, its tw o strands

separate. Each o f these serves as a template for
the form ation o f n ew strands. Such type of
replication is called :
(a ) non-conservative (b) semi-conservative
(c ) flexible (d ) conservative

157. The length o f one turn o f the helix in a B-form

D NA is approxim ately :
(a ) 0.34 nm (b ) 20 nm
to 2 nm (d ) 3.4 nm

158. During cell division, the spindle fibres get

attached to the condensing chromosome at a
highly differentiated region. This region is
called :
(a ) chrom om ere (h) chromocentre
(c ) centriole (d ) kinetochore

159. M ongoloid idiocy in human beings caused by

the trisomy o f chromosome 21 is also known
as :
 (a ) D own’s syndrome
(b ) Turner’s syndrome
(c) Klinefelter’s syndrome
(d ) Tay-Sachs disease

160. Drosophila flies with XXY genotype are

females, but human beings with such genotype
are abnormal males. It shows that :
(a ) Y-chrom osom e is essential fo r sex
determination in Drosophila
(b) Y-chromosome is fem ale determ inating in
Drosophila
(c) Y-chrom osom e is male determ ining in
human beings
(d ) Y chrom osom e has no role in sex
determination either in Drosophila or in
human beings
161. Which one pair o f parents out o f the follow in g
is most likely get a child w ho would suffer
from hemolytic disease o f the new-born :
(a ) Rh T mo the r and Rh~ father
(b) R h “ mother and R h ' father
(c) Rh + mother and R h + father
(d ) R h ' m other and Rh + father

162. During organ differentiation in Drosophila, an

organ is m odified to another organ (such as
wings m ay be replaced by legs). Genes
responsible forsuchm etam orphosisare called;
(a ) doub’ e dominant genes
(b) plastid genes
(c) com plem entary genes
(d ) homeotic genes
163- One function o f telom eres in a chrom osom e Is
to ;
(a ) ‘seal' the ends o f the chromosomes
{b ) help tw o chromatids to m ove towards
poles
(c ) starts R N A synthesis
(d ) identify the correct m em ber o f the
homologous pair o f chromosome
1 6 4 . Melatonin is secreted by :
(a ) skin fb ) thymus
(c ) pituitary (d ) pineal gland

165. W hat is correct regarding leucocytes ?

(a ) These can squeeze out through (can cross)
the capillary waJls
(b ) These are enucleate
(c ) Sudden fall in their number indicates
cancer
(d ) These are produced in thymus
166. Which one o f the following is a skull bone? (c) length o f the proximal convoluted tubule
(a) Coracoid (b) Arytaenoid (d) capillar}' network forming glomerulus
(c) Atlas (d ) Pterygoid 176. The enzyme which catalyses fixation ofC O ^ in
167. The polysaccharide portion o f a peptidoglycan C 4 plants is :
present in the matrix o f cartilage is called ; (a) RuBP carboxylase
(a) chondriotin it)) ossein (b ) hydrogenase
Cc) cartilagin (d ) casein (c) PEP carboxylase
(d ) reductase
168. In living beings, ammonia is converted into
urea through : 177. Which o f the following is not a characteristic
(a) Ornithine cycle (b ) citrulline cycle feature o f all the chordates ?
(O *fumarine cycle (d ) arginine cycle (a) Presence o f coelom
(b ) Pharyngeal gill clefts in the early
169. Which one o f the following hormones is
embryonic stages
involved in the ripening o f fruits ?
(c) A diaphragm that separates thorax from
(a) Zeatin abdomen
(b ) Indole acetic acid (d ) Dorsal nerve cord
(c) Ethylene
(d ) Naphthalene acetic acid 178. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (M SH ) is
produced by :
170. Which one of the following primates is
(a) anterior pituitary
believed to be the closest relative o f human
(b) posterior pituitary
beings ?
(c) pars intermedia of pituitary
(a) Gorilla (b ) Rhesus monkey (d ) parathyroid
(0 Gibbon (d) Orangutan
179. The feature closely related with the evolution
171. Which o f the follow ing is a correct statement o f humans is :
with regard to a certain Mammal and its one (a) loss o f tail (b ) flat nails
feature ? (c) binocular vision (d ) shortening o f jaws
(aj Bat bears feathers
180. An action potential in the nerve fibre is
(b) Camel has biconcave red blood cells
produced when positive and negative charges
(c) Platypus lays eggs
(d) Rat bears cloaca on the outside and the inside o f the axon
membrane are reversed, because r
172. Blastopore is the opening to the exterior o f :
(a) more potassium ions enter the axon as
(a) coelom (b) coelenteron compared to sodium ions leaving it
(c ) archentron (d ) blastocoel (b) more sodium ions enter the axon as
173. Movement o f ions or molecules against the compared to potassium ions leaving it
electrochemical gradient is called : (c) all potassium ions leave the axon
(a) diffusion (d ) all sodium ions enter the axon
(b) pinocytosis 181. Numerous filamentous hair-like structures
(c) Brownian movement protruding from the tip o f a young cob of
(d) active transport maize are :
174. The enteronephric nephridia o f earthworms (a) anthers
are mainly concerned with : (b) hairs
(a) digestion (c) hairy projections o f the bracts
(b) respiration (d) long styles o f carpels
Cc) osmoregulation 182. Which method out o f the follow ing renders the
(d ) excretion of nitrogenous wastes seed coat permeable to water so that embryo
175. The ability o f the vertebrates to produce expansion is not physically retarded ?
concentrated (hyperosmotic) urine usually (a) Stratification
depends upon the : (b) Denudation
(a) area o f Bowman's capsule epithelium (c) Vernalisation
(b) length o f Henle’s loop (d ) Scarification
183. Eight nucleate embryo sacs are : (a ) lactose which is indigestible
(aj always bisponc (b ) starch which does not get digested
(b ) always tetrasporic (c) cellulose which is digested by intestinal
(c ) always monosporic cellulase
(d ) sometimes monosporic, sometimes (d ) DNA which gets digested by pancreatic
bisporic and sometimes tetrasporic DNA ase

184. Double fertilisation (or triple fusion) leading 191. Pulmonary artery' is different from pulmonary
to initiation o f endosperm in angiosperms, vein because it has :
requires : (a) larger lumen
(a ) fusion o f 4 or more polar nuclei and the (b) thick muscular walls
second male gam ete only (c) no endothelium
(b ) fusion o f 2 polar nuclei and second male (d ) valves
gam ete only 192. A common scent-producing gland am ong
(c) fusion o f one polar nucleus and second mammals is :
male gam ete only
(a ) anal gland
(d ) all the above type o f fusions in different
(b ) prostate gland
types o f angiosperms
(c ) adrenal gland
185. Progestrone, which is the most important (d ) Bartholin’s gland
com ponent o f oral contraceptive pills, prevents 193. Whathappens during vascularisation in plants ?
pregnancy by :
(a ) Differentiation o f procambium follow ed by
(a ) preventing the formation o f egg primary phloem and then primary' xylem
(b ) preventing the clevage o f the fertilized egg (b) Differentiation of procambium, xylem and
(c ) creating unfavourable chemical phloem simultaneously
environment for the sperms to survive in (c ) Differentaition o f procambium follow ed
the fem ale reproductive tract im m ediately by the developm ent o f
(d ) blocking ovulation secondary xylem and phloem
186. Cleavage in mammalian egg is : (d ) Differentiation o f procambium follow ed by
(a ) equal holoblastic the developm ent o f xylem and phloem
(b) unequaJ holoblastic 194. A person suffering from the deficiency o f the
(c) superficial meroblastic visual pigment rhodopsin is advised to take
(d ) discoidal meroblastic more o f :
187. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a bovine (a ) radish and potato
disease. To which o f the follow in g human (b ) apple and grapes
diseases it is related 7 (c ) carrot and ripe papaya
(a ) Kala azar (d ) guava and ripe banana
(b ) Encephalitis 195. In a person o f advanced age, the hair become
(c ) Cerebral spondylitis thinner gradually. It happens because of
(d ) Creutzfeldt Jacob disease decrease in :
188. The type o f join t between sternum and ribs in (a) synthesis o f glucose
human beings is : (b) synthesis o f proteins
(a ) fibrous joint (b ) gliding joint (c ) energy availability'
(c) angular joint (d ) cartilaginous joint (d ) blood supply

189. W hat is com m on between Ascaris lumbricoides 196. In simple epithelium, the cells are :
and /Anopheles .step/im.!;i ? (a) continuously dividing to provide cells for
(a ) Hibernation form ing an organ
(b ) Metamerism (b ) hardened to provide support to the organs
(c) Anaerobic respiration (c) loosely connected to one another to from
(d ) Sexual dimorphism an irregular layer
(d ) cemented directly to one another to form a
190. A certain person eats boiled potato; one o f the
single layer
food com ponent in it is :
197. Which one of the following amino acids is an 199. A piece o f bone such as femur o f frog, if kept in
essential part o f human diet ? dilute HC1, for about a week will :
(a) Glycine (b) Phenylalanine (a) shrink in size
(c) Serine (d) Aspartic acid (b) assume black colour
198. Patients suffering from cholera are given a (c) crack into pieces
(d ) turn flexible
saline drip because :
(a) N a’ ions help in stopping nerve impulses 200. ‘Signal hypothesis’ for the biosynthesis of
and hence sensation of pain secretory type of proteins was proposed by :
(tO Na* ions help in the retention o f water in (a) Camillo Golgi
the body tissues (b) Blobel and Sabatini
fc) NaCl is an important component of energy (c) Baltimore
supply (d ) Sheeler and Bianchi
(d ) NaCl furnishes most o f the fuel required
for cellular activity

/iS NSWERS
'»* P H Y S IC S

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8 . (a) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. Cc) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. lb) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19, (t>) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (C) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (t>) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (c) 46. (d) 47. (c) 4B. (c) 49. (b) 50. (b)

"*■ C H E M IS T R Y

51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. lb) 56. id) 57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (c)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (cj 64. (d) 65. <d) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (o) 70. (b)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (b> 74. fa) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (b) 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (b)
81. (b) 62. (b) 83. (c) 84. (a) 85. (d) 86. (a) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (a) 90. (a)
91. [b] 92. (a) 93. (c) 94. (d> 95. (b> 96. (c) 97. (c) 98. (b) 99, (b) 100. (a)

B IO L O G Y

101. (d) 102. (a) 103. (c) 104. (d) 105. (d) 106. (c) 107. (c) 108. (a) 109. (G) 110. (d)
111. (c) 112. (b) 113. (b) 114. (a) 115. Id) 116. (d) 117. (b) 118. (b) 119. (d) 120. (a)
121. (c) 122. (b) 123. (c) 124. (d) 125. (a) 126. (a) 127. (c) 128. (b) 129. (d) 130. (d)
131. (a) 132. (b) 133. (c) 134. (b) 135. (d) 136. (a) 137. (c) 138. (c) 139. (c) 140. (dj
141. (c) 142. (b) 143. (b) 144. (a) 145. (c) 146. (a) 147. (b) 146. (b) 149. (d) 150. (d)

151. (c) 152. (d) 153. (d) 154. (b) 155. (c) 156. (b) 157. (d) 158. (d) 159. (a) 160. (c)
161. (d) 162. (d) 163. (a) 164. (d) 165. (a) 166. (d) 167. (a) 168. (a) 169. (c) 170. (a)
171. (c) 172. (c) 173. (d) 174. (d) 175. (b) 176. (c) 177. (c) 178. (c) 179. (d) 180. (b)
181. (d) 182. (d) 183. (d) 184. (b) 185. (d) 186. (b) 187. (d) 188. (d) 189. (d) 190. (d)
191. (b) 192. (a) 193. (d) 194. (c) 195. fb) 196. (d) 197. (b) 198. (b) 199. (d) 200. (b)
 HINTS ©SOLUTIONS

Physics

1. fa) Force - Mass >: acceleration Hence, w e observe that choice fb) is correct.
or F = mo NOTE : In this problem, the momentum of inertia and
impulse are given same symbol I.
[/■*] =LmJ [a]
- [M ] IL T '2] = [M L T "21 2. K e y I d e a : Power is equal to the scalar product
o f furcc with velocity.
T o rq u e - M om ent o f inertia x angular
P ow er o f the engine,
acceleration - > —>
or t = / x cc P F v ...(0

It] = [ / ] [ « ]
Given, F = [2Gi - 3j - 5 k J N
= I ML2] [T “ 2]
_^ ^ -L
- [M L^T-2]
v = (6i ■+- 20 j - 3 k ) m/s

(b ) W ork -■ Force x displacem ent Thus, after substituting fo r F and v i n Eq. (i), it
or W - F xd becomes,
[W ]= [F ][d J P ^ (2 0 i - 3j - 5k )- (fii -+■ 20j - 3 k )

= (20 < 6) (i i ) + [ - 3 x 20) ( j } )

= [ML2T _'!1 + (5 x - 3) (k ■k )
= 120 - 6 0 - 1 5
Energy - ^ x Mass < (Velocity)^
= 45
»- 1 2 N O T E : In the simplification for power, the dot product
or 2 m
of a unit vector with same unit vector gives 1 .
The dot product of a unit vector with its orthogonal
-2 i gives zero . Thus,
i- i = j. j= k- k= 1
(c ) Force as discussed above
i- )= i- k - j k= 0
[ F ] = [ M i / r 2]
So, in above simplification second type of dot
Im pulse = Force xtim e-in terval products ara not shown.
U ] = [ F ] * [A r ]
3. (a ) M axim um height
[/] = [M L T “ 2] [ T ]
sin '’ H
'I
= [M L T -1]

(d ) Linear m om entum -- Mass x velocity 2i

_ sin flj
or [p ]= [m ][v l I I ,2 sin “ On
[p ] - [ M l [ X T - 1] sin 2 3 0':
= [M L T “ 'j sin ' 60°
Angular m om entum — M om ent o f inertia
X angular velocity
or [ L ] = [ / 1 / .M
[i.l ■■[M l? j [ t *']
 u * sin 2() perpendicular to the wall are equal and
(b ) Range R =
g opposite. Thus, the change in momentum is due
only to the change in direction of the
sin (2 x 3 0 °)
*3 perpendicular components.
R; sin (2 x 60J )

V3 Hence Ap = OA sin 60° - ( - OB sin 6 0 °)

sin 60° ■>
= mv sin 60" 4- mv sin 60°
sin 120 ° >
vO'I
= 2mv sin 60°
^2
= 2 x 3 x l0 0

(cl Time o f flightit = 3 00-/3 kg-m/s

2 ti sin 9 The force exerted on the wall
T
p
o
f = Ap ^ 300/3 = i 500 ^ 3 n
sin tij
At 0.2
sin 0^
1 NOTE : Ap is directed perpendicu!ar and away from

l<Nj[
sin 30“ II the plate.
sin 60°v'3 V3 5. In the case o f masses hanging from a pulley by
a string, the tension in whole string is same,
Hence, their horizontal ranges will be equal. say equal to T.
A lt e r n a t iv e : K e y I d e a : For complementary As M 2 > M ,, so mass M 2 moves down and
angles of projection., horizontal range will be mass M j moves up with the same acceleration
same. a (say). The arrangement o f the motion is
In this problem, it is given that two particles represented in the figure.
are projected at angles 30° and 60° which are
complementary angles. We know that
horizontal range willbe same for
complementary angles, Hence, their ranges
w ill be equal.
6
4. K e y Id e a : The. force imparted by the bail is
equal ro rate o f change o f linear momentum.

The vector O A represents the momentum of the

M,g
ball before the collision and the vector OB that
TMsg
after the collision. The vector AB represents the

change in momentum of the ball Ap

Equation o f motion o f mass M 2, is
- T - M 2a ■■■CO
Equation o f motion o f mass M, is,
\ 60; T - = M^a ...Oil
60^ C Adding fcqs. (i) and (iij, w e get
v1 o
(M .,g - T ) + (T - M l g ) - (M i + M 2)a
60
(M 2 ■ M i)g = (M 1 + M z )a
■M
.IB
‘ I, M i + M ,

Given, M j - 5kg, M z = 10 kg
As the magnitue o f O A and OB are equal die Hence,
'1 0 - 5 ^ 5 g
components o f O A and OB along the wall are
5+10 15g 3
eounl and in the same direction while those
 v = 3~ ( t V i 7 $ tfa> 14 ^ C ( ) + o ...(ii)
Jf tii eft
(;is differentiation o f a constant is zero)

Now use - j- ■[>:") - .ix’1 1

Jt
So, V = 301: ’ 1 + 7(2) (t"“ 1) + 14 (t 1 1)
A l t e r n a t i v e : From above rijjun.'
■v v - 9t 2 + 1 4 r + 14 — fiii) V" = It2, + Vy
(- .■ r = 1) I “5 1 I T o
=J rf = Tjv* - v~ - VS" - 4 ' 1
Again differentiating Bq. [Hi] w ith respect to
time, w hich Rives the acceleration = 3-km/h

a ~ - dr {9 tz + 14f + l-i; B. Velocity o f particle after S s

dr d\.
i' = u - g i
—16 f + 1 4 + 0
v = 1 0 0 - 10 >: 5
- 1 St - 14
- 100 - 50 = 50 m/s (upwards
At t = I s ,
Conservation o f linear momentum gives
a = 1 8 (1 )+ 14
M v - miVj + nt2v2 ...(i
= 18 + 1 4 = 32 m / s’1
Taking upward direction positive, the v e lo d r
7. The shortest possible path is straight line ,4C, v, w ill be negative.
Let u be the velocity a f river water and t' that o f V] = - 25m/s, v = SO m/s
boat making an angle GwitJi line AC, Also M = 1 kg, m, - 400 g = 0.4 kg
and m-. - (M - m1) = 1 - 0 .4 = 0.6 kg
B u C
'Hitts, Kq (i) becomes,,
I x50 = 0.4*(-25K 0.6 v-2
or 50 = - 10 f 0 6 v-,
or 0.6 v-t = 60

or v2 = — p = 1QO m/s
L 0,6
As y.y is positive, therefore the other pan wi
move upwards with a velocity 100 m/s.

Magnitude oi velocity o f boat along AC 9. When airing makes an angle 9 with the verticE
in a vertical circlc, then
v = v cos H
 So, ti;
K
[
Given, r - R'^ > R r
\o D A" — 4 ^ 4
iK iin d v cs = ] 1.2 k m /s
\
Siibs111utjnw; in Eq. (i), w e have

3 1Mg £03 il vti _ \4 _

n . 2 _ \''l '
.Wgsiri o' Mg
v,; = 11,2 - 2 ^ 22,4kni/;s
12, The moment o f inertia o f a budy nbout an axis
or T ~ nig cos b -t —j — depends tint only on die mass o f the hody^but
Tension is maximtmi when cos(l = -^ 1 r.e., also on the distribution of mass about the axis.
For a given body mass is snmc, « » it will
0 = 0.
depend only on the distribution o f mass nbout
Thus. H is zero at lowest point B At iliis point the axis.
tension is maximum So, siring will break at
The mass is farthest from axis AC. so is
point B.
maximum. Mass is nearest tt) axis AC, so S,. is
NOTE ^The cfhlcal spesd ot a body cn circular path
vc R - radius of palh- minimum.

If ll! ihe highest point (lie speBd is lass than lins ihe 1 lenee, the correct sequence will be
string would taeccme slack and ihobody would leave r, . i, ,
tho circular path. NOTE : in a roialional motion, moment ol inertia is
1 0 . Both spheres reach tho ground due 10 vertical afso known as rotational inertia.
component o f velocity. As initial component of 13, According to law o f equipartition of energy.
velocity o f both spheres is zero, therefore both the internal energy' associated per degree of
will reach the earth simultaneously. The. time
freedom is i.itT , where fc is the bolt/matin's
taken being given by
cotfstant.
h -ty + jjr^ = D - jjr J
Thus, internal energy associated per molecule
I2ii = f \ kr
" \ 's *
If N a is Avagadro's number, chert internal
11- K e y Id e a i The escapc vdachy from earth's energy o f one male of an ideal gas is
, . [2 g m 7 I
surface is (V = N . kr
\ p-, '
Escape velocity is given by * 2 W a V T
, -
Y R*
From a planet. where K =iV j = gas conslant
Molar heat capacity at constant volume
\2GM.JL
Cy = tiU
dr
Therefore
v„ \ Rp -\2 G M t
• M > r )
ti is j;ivc:i Lhat, 1
f;
mass of planet = Mass o f earth
i.e., M „ - M. Molar beat capacity at constant pressure
Cj-. = Cy - K 'M a y c i'a relation)
 ■R 15, K e y I d e a : The efficiency o f heat engine is the
- z f R
ratio o f work done to the heat taken fro m the
1 source.
f i ) r
2 ' If 7\ is temperature of source and 7 2 the
Cp temperature o f sink., the efficiency o f engine
Hence.
Cv W ork done (W )
(I Heat taken (Q j)
f + 1 |R
:1 - ^
7,
w ~ 1 ■d)
6
,/ + !
= 1+ When temperature o f sink is reduced by 62;C
1 f
f then

T'2 = V -62
14. K e y I d e a : The potential energy at an angular
T\
displacement ft will be converted to kinetic
energy at mean position.
Tl’ = l -
X
If / be is the length o f pendulum and 0 the
angular amplitude, then height
h = A B - AC ...(ii)

- I - I cos 6
From Eq. (i)
= 1 (1 — cos 0) ,..[i 3
.(iii)

Front Eq. (ii)

Jl\ - 62 2
.(iv)
3
Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (iv )
T-z _ 5
■r2- 62 4

=> 472 = 5 1 2 ^ 3 1 0
- 72 - 3 1 0 K

At point P (maximum displacement position and from Eq. (iii), we have

i.e., extrem e position), potential energy is 310 5
maximum and kinetic energy is zero. At point ri 6
B (mean or equilibrium position) potential -r> T, = 372 K
energy is minimum and kinetic energy is Hence, T] 372 K = 3 7 2 - 173 = 9 9 ° C
maximum, so from principle o f conservation and T> 310K = 3 1 0 - 2 7 3 = 37 °C
o f energy.
16. Let v be the speed o f sound and n the original
(PF. + RE) at P = (KE ^ PE) at B
frequency o f each source.
or mgh + 0 = i m v" + 0 They emit sounds o f w avelength X.

t
i- = J 2 ih —Cii> Observer
Substituting the value o f h from Eq. (i) into
Eq. (ii), we get
/
v = ^j2$l [1 - cos 0 )
 When observer moves towards one source Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we
(say A ), the apparent frequency o f A as obtain
observed by the observer w ill be x 2 + y 2 = A 2 [sin ( « t + 5) + cos2 (tut + S)]

or x " + y 2 - A 2 (v sin 2 0 + cos" 0 = 1)

■m This is the equation of a circle.
The observes is now
w receding
re source B, so the At w t + 5 = 0; x - 0, y - A
apparent frequencyr Of
of B observed will be
At cat + 5 = jr = A, y= 0
f V - Ll'1
» ( - ) At cot + 5 = it; .v = 0, y- - A
, „ 3rt
lliu s. number o f beats At cot + o = x = - A, y = 0

= n —n At cot + 8 = 2rc; x = 0, y = A
[v + u v- u
V AY

= — [v + u - V + u]

2nu
v
but V - Tl X
_ 2 nu _ 2 u
Thus,
X nk X
17. When white light from sun falls on rain drops,
Thus, it is obvious that motion o f particle is
sometimes a band o f different colours in form traversed in clockwise direction.
o f a circular arc is seen in the sky opposite the
20. When a ray falls on convex surface o f a
sun. This is called the rainbow.
plano-convex lens, then it is first rcfracted
The reason of origin o f rainbow is that the and reflected from plane surface and then
small drops o f water behave like a prism for finally refracted from convex surface. Thus,
the white sun light due to which refraction, two refractions and one reflection take place.
dispersion and total internal reflection o f
So, focal length o f plano-convex lens is
w hite light occurs from the water drops.
! = -?- + — -Ci)
The rainbow is not seen after every rain, but F ft + fm
is seen only when the light rays o f particular
If plane surface is silvered, so
colour suffer minimum deviation after one or
, R2 «> _
two total internal reflections inside the small Jm ~ — -j r
water drops.
18. The minimum size of plane mirror required for
Now,
T r ' - ’W ri)
seeing full size image o f man
Height o f man
2
(M - l)
Given, height o f man = 6 ft
R
Thus, minimum size of plane mirror
1_ 2 (ji - 1 ) 1
+ —
4 - 3 f,
A. F R 00
2 (|i - 1 )
19. T w o simple harmonic motions be written as
R
x = A sin [dit + &) .,.(0
R
or F = . .. 0 0
and y ,4 sin lot + o + — 2 (n - 1 }
V.
Given, R = 20 cm, f.t =1.5
or ■A cos {cot + S) ...(ii)
 20 N o w another identical capacitor is connected
Hence, F =
across it i.e., the capacitors are connected in
parallel, so the equivalent capacitance
0 cm
CCq ~ + —2C
21. K e y Id e a : A t m id-point the directions o f Thus, final energy' stored by the system o f
magnetic field due to both wires carrying current capacitors,

in same direction are opposite. (J2

U' -
According to M axwell's right handed screw 2C B
rule, the m agnetic field at right hand o f wire
1 is perpendicular to the paper going inwards
shown by ©. Similarly, the magnetic field at
2(2 C ) iu
U
left hand o f w ire 2 is perpendicular to paper U ':
2
com ing out shown by 0 . Thus, the tw o fields
are opposite to each other. 23 . K e y I d e a : In the balanced condition o f bridge
circuit, no current will flo w through 'A i
resistance.
The bridge circuit can be shown as :

Therefore, net magnetic field

B=
_ M-oh __ Mpi 2
Tile balanced condition o f bridge circuit is
Zni] 2nr 2
given by
A t mid point rx = r2 = r = ^ = 2.5 cm P__3 R _ 6 ^ 3
Q _ 4 ’ S —8 ” 4
P = R
Hence, 5 = 2^ ( Q - S

Thus, it is balanced W heatstones bridge, so

2 n { 2 .5 2.5 J potential at F is equal to potential at H.
Therefore, no current w ill Slow through 7 ii
= ~ (2 -1 )
2tc resistance. So, circuit can be redrawn as
_ ^ 0 T* shown above.
271

22. K e y I d e a : On removing the battery after P = 3Q Q = 40

charging, the charge stored in the capacitor ■VAiVr —,'V/A
remains constant.
W hen a capacitor is charged by connecting a
battery- across its plates, the initial energy-
-.V A iV - -M A / v -
stored,
r = 6n S = 8Q

P and Q are in series, so their equivalent

W hen the battery is disconnected, then the resistance = 3 + 4 = 7 £1
charge remains constant I t , . q = constant.
 R and S are also in series, so their equivalent The radius o f this helical path is
resistance = 6 + 8 = 1 4 n
Now 7 O and 14 resistances are in parallel,
so
7x14 7x1 4 = 14n
7 + 14 21 ~3 "
or
NOTE : Normally, in Wheatstone's bridge in middle
arm galvanometer must be connected. In
Wheatstone's bridge, cell and galvanometer arms
Given, v = 1 x lO -1 m/s, B = 0.3 T, 0 = 3QC’,
are interchangeable.
In both the oases, condition of balanced bridge is = 1.76 *1 0 n C/kg
m
P = R
Q S 1 x lO 3 sin 30°

24. Power of electric bulb 1.76 x lO 11 x 0.3

1 x lO 3 x i
- lO - " m
1.76 x lO 11 x 0.3
So, resistance of electric bulb
26. Considering symmetric elements each of
length dl at A and B, we note that electric
Given, ?! = 25 W, P 2 = 100 W, V, = V2 = 220 V fields perpendicular to TO are cancelled and

Therefore, for same potential difference V, those along PO are added. The electric field
due to an element o f length dif-- adft) along
PO,
Thus, w e observe that for minimum power,
resistance will be maximum and vice-versa.
Hence, resistance o f 25 W bulb is maximum
and 100 W bulb is minimum.
25. If electron moves in a magnetic field at an angle 0
(other than 0°, 180° or 90°), its velocity can be

resolved in two components one along B and

another perpendicular to B. Let the two

components be vm and vx . Then ( v dl - adO)

1 Xdl
TT COS 0
4itEo a-
v sin 0
1 k(a d0)
cos 0
/ 4^eo q2
Net electric field at G
r1-'2 ,r. „ 1 X a cosB d O
E-JX»dE- 2I0 4tt.

Vj| = v COS 0 = 2 . -r^— - Lsin 6]£/2

4m^> a
and v, = v sin 9
The component perpendicular to field (v x ) = 2- 1 h 1 = 1
4tt£q a 2 jis 0 a
gives a circular path and the component
parallel to field (V|p gives a straight line path. 27. When we measure the em f o f a cell by the
The resultant path is, potentiometer then no current draws in the
helix as shown in — I— circuit in zero-deflection condition i.e., ccll is
figure. in open circuit. Thus, in this condition the
 actual value or a ceil is found, in this w a y packets, or photons. Each photon o f light o f
potentiom eter is equivalent to an ideal frequency v has the energy h\. Thus, Einstein’s
voltm eter o f infinite resistance. work on photoelectric effect gives support to
NOTE : The emf by the potentiometer is measured £ = hv.
from null method in which zero deflection position is
32 . N eil Bohr and J.A. W h eeler explained the
found on the wire.
nuclear fission on the basis o f liquid drop
28. In electrolysis, according to first law of m odel o f the nucleus. The ' nucleus
Faraday, the mass o f a substance deposited at behaves like a liquid drop and ow in g to surface
an electrode is directly proportional to the tension is perfectly spherical in shape. When
charge passed through the electrolyte i.e., the neutron strikes the nucleus, some energy
7?i <x. q called the excitation energy is imparted to the
If a current i passes for a time r, then as w e nucleus. The phenomenon o f surface tension
know, tries to keep the nucleus spherical in shape,
q = !t whereas the excitation energy tries to deform
it. Due to the struggle betw een the surface
Hence, m * it
tension and the excitation energy, the
or m <x i
oscillations are set up inside the compound
Thus, mass deposited at an electrode is directly nucleus. As a result the nucleus gets deform ed
proportional to current. from spherical shape to ellipsoidal and then to
29. Frequency of radiations given are listed
b elow :
q/71* - k ( l |235V
W aves Frequency (in H z)

1. 7 -rays 3 x l 0 :1] to 3 x 10ls (a.)

2. X-rays 3 * 1016 to 3 x l0 lu (b)

3. Ultraviolet radiation 3 x 10U’ to 7.5 x 1014 (c)

Thus, correct order is

a>b> c
a dumb bell as shown, till the Coulomb's
30. W e define the quality factor o f the circuit as
follow s : repulsive force betw een protons succeeds in
tearing the tw o bells apart.
Quality factor Q
3 3 . (a ) Second line o f Lyman series corresponds to
Total energy stored in the circuit the transition
Loss in energy in each cycle
r) = 3 —> rt = 1
But the total energy stored in circuit = L / ^ (b ) Second line o f Balmer series corresponds
to the transition
and the energy loss per second = l^nis R
n-Z
I K
So, loss in energy per cycle = - — CO Second line o f Paschen series corresponds
to the transition
L I2 ti = 5 to n = 3
Hence, quality factor Q = 2 ji x 1 ■
« / / (d ) A n absorption line o f Balmer series arises
2n f L (>)L when electron jumps from n - 2 to any
~~R ” *fl" other higher state.
Thus, choice (b ) is correct.
NOTE : Evidenty, Q is a dirnensionless quantity.
34. Energy level o f 11-atom are given by
31. In 1905, Einstein realized that the
1 3 .6 ,,
photoelectric effect could be understood if the
energy in light is not spread out over
wavefronts but is concentrated in small
 Photons are emitted only when electron jumps 0.231/h
from higher energy level (higher n-value) to 3
lower energy level (low er n-value). So, „ 2.303 f 300 'i
^ n -l-i 1 ^°Sl0 M J
0.231
alternative (a ) and (c ) are wrong.
Energy difference from n = 2 to n = 1 level is Given, r = 18 h

o
1o
2 -303 ,
So,
0.2 31 g l°

^
A £ ^ t = 13.6 [ ^ - l ] e V
^300^1 0.231 .
or log 10 18
{ M } 2.3 03 '
= 1 3 .6 x | = 10.2 eV
4
or f ’ -a o ,"
Energy' difference from n = 6 to n = 2 level is

A = 13.6 eV or 4.6 S g
' - 6‘ J ( 10)13

37. K e y I d e a : In a nuclear reaction conservation

o f charge number and mass number muse hold
good.
- 13.6 x ^ eV
7 Let 2 be the charge number and A the mass
= 3.02 eV number o f particle X, then conservation of
Thus, it is evident that difference is larger for charge number gives.
n ~ 2 to rt = 1 transition. Hence, maximum 6 = 5+ 1 + Z
energy photon will be emitted during => .'Z - 0
transition from n = 2 to n = 1 .
Conservation o f mass number gives,
35. The time required for the number o f parent 11 = 1 1 + 0 + .4
nuclei to fall to 50% is called half-life T and
=> /\ = 0
may be related to disintegration constant k as
X is a particle o f zero charge and zero mass.
follows. Since,
This particle may be neutrino or antineutrino.
0.5 jVq = N 0 e~f'T With positive (J-particle, neutrino is emitted
w e have, ).T = lo gt 2 and with negative p-particle, antineutrino is
^ _bgE 2 emitted.
T Thus, in our case neutrino w ill be emitted.

36. Number o f half-lives 38. Current gain in common-base configuration is,

t 18 ' Atc
= -3 = 6
e A 'cb
Amount remained after n half-lives
Current gain in common-emitter configuration
( 1 ^n is,

Given, M 0 = 300g Air

M = 300 [ ~ Also lB ~ lE ~ 1
or A i„ M e - A(’c
= 300 * - } - = 4.68 g Ai£ : ^ c
64 P' A! R MF MB
A lt e r n a t iv e : Total time o f decay given
A tf
t A I l- - Air
 ai A) M A)
Ho tv symbol [ • } represents AND operation.
Here, ric - 12375 cornea fram the following
40. The gases carbon-m onoxide (C O ) and nitrogen
procedure :
[N ^ ) arc diatomic, so buili have equal kinciie
- I Planch's cpnsiant) (velocity ol lirjln)
energy | k'l\ i.e., = F 2-
( 6.6 *10 ^ J-s} f 3 >: 10'4 m/s]

41. From law o f length, the frequency o f vihratins (16 « 10 J/W )

slrinp is inversely pToportitnT.nl. to ils lenR.1 Ii. = 12.375 ■ 10 7 e V - m - 12375 eV-A
1
r( «l -j- 44. K e y Id e a : Aiufisjf^/ir h franw urtlis strrfmv. tm1
vafjfc o f acccicratmti dir: to gravity i.i
nr nf ~ constant (say k)
Ji
&’ ■
or nf = k or I = —
ri it J|V
The segments o f string o f length i lf l lr 1 ^ ...
L1+*J
Iiavc frequencies n,, ri-, ft:i , . , . 'Hie Deceleration due Lo ^ravily at height Ji fm m
L-arih's surface is
Tciul h n^ih o f string is !.
So, I = /j +■ + ... fi' = ;— S
k k k k
-- ;= — + ----- h — + . _
PI Jt; 11% ' 1.1 n r
1 1
—-- . 4.
1 1 W eight o f a body at height h
* "-- + r
rt f*l ' f2 n:. iv 1 = mjq'
42. K ey Id e a : !n forw ard biosm j o f p-n junction
p-.u'de ijjfiw n mure positive voiloge than rr-!>i<ie.
For forward biasing o f p-n junction, p-sidc R} \ K
should be at higher potential tlian rr-sidc. Now N ow at height /i equal to radius (R ) o f earth
w e apply this rule to the four options. i.t., h - R, w c have
(a ) Here, p-sicle is at low er potential CQV) and
W
n-side at higher potential {2 V ). So this VD* -
diode is not forward biased,
tb) HerCj p-sidc is at higher potential (OV} and f>^r
j!-side at lo w er potential (-2 V ), So, this
or
, w
u' =
diode is forward biased. 4
(c ) Here, p-side is at low er potential (-2 V ]
but it '= 7 2 N (j;iven }
andn-side at higher potential ((JV).So, this
diode is not forward biased. w '= ? - = 18N *
4
 45. Imcrnrsl resistance o f tfic cell is j;ivcn by (leal depili
So, 1.5 -
' £i - V '
R Real depth = 1.5*7 - 10.5cm
V 'j
49- 0i} Conduction is ilie process o f Lraiis:uis.>:inn
<liven. E = 1.5 V. V'^ 1.0 V , H - 2Q -
ot heat in a hotly from tltc holier part to
( 1 . 5 - 1 .0 1 (J.S „
the colder piirt without any bodily
- ' % :.o ~ , x 2 ' :.c ' LJS!
movement o f constituent .itonis ur
46. According to Gauss's law, the elcctric flux molecules o f the body.
(b) In convection. the heated lighter panicles
through a closed .vuifaee is equal l o — limes ihe.-
move upward and colder heavier panicles
net ch.irgc enclosed by the surface. move downward tit their placc. This
depends oil weight rind hence, on gmvity.
Since, q is the rharj^c endowed by tlie surface,
(c] Rndirilion is the process of Lratismissipi of
then electric flux ^ = — heal from one body to another Txjcty
through dec tm magnetic waves even
[fcharjjeff is pi need at n earner o f cube, ii will be
through vacuum, irrespective nf Lheir
divided into ft such cubes. Therefore, electric tL'iiiperamrcs.
flux through ihe cube is
1fence, choice (h) i* correct.

^-iU) SO. Ihe frequency o f v form ions o f string is

- 1 fc
4 7 . T l i i ' ^ r a v iin lio n a ] tu r e e is c o n s e r v a t i v e , s o th e
" " 2i V i
w o r k clo n e b y it i.i in d e p e n d e n t tsi p a t h , h e n c e
in liciih crises " ’ rPjj
1 |Y 1
“ jr ir " - ;rijr;/i
2k \^
v - v'^;,ri ; independent o f mass 1 A
So, r- = v-j
,a .. .- . , , , Real depth
48, Kelracnve index {.i} -------------- ------- 'fl
Apparent deplh ir j.s obvious from Eq. (i), the livquency oi
Rcfractive index (p ) - 1.5 vibrations uf jsir>nj.*s tint's not depend on then
Apparent dc-plli = 2 + 5 - 7 cm mass.

C h e m is tr y

he 52, Structure of XeF/, as follows

51, Ati-uidin^ u> furrrculn, £

3.03 <1 O '1-' = h^

A
fi.M j< J0" : 3 .0 0 * 1 0 *
3 . 0 3 x ]Q
-t'J

= 6.56 * 1 0 ‘7 m

= 6.56 * 1CT7 * tO1 nm

= 6,56 *1 0 " run - G56 noi It involves sp a* liybndisation in Xe atom. The

molecule has Mjuare planitr structure. Xe and
hiur F atnms tire eoptanai', The lone pairs
present on axial positions, mitiimi.se election
pair repulsion.
 i— r/ ■ >• ------- / V - U

w h e r e in - 1m m lierof mol esof gaseouspi':jtivici

At,'.? x fO .lS lF
mini her r>f moles of ^ascotis
0 :i nrldiimn
rc-iLcinni
= 2 it - - I C u fs l— > Cu “ ‘ 1 iT,
t i n, A l l = Ai " - b'.T
AG'," = •• 1 » K " * I-
5 6 , Consii1 L-r a hypothetical chanpc
\ g ?" = sc;i -
A i- i1) ^ (7 + ,'J
- : 2 ' - 0 :M » . F )~ (-1 > 0,15 * F )
l-oi itjjj reaction,
, I CJ 10] = + 0 6 8 J' -0.15/-' -0.53/-’
" l. lli/ fj o r F.'" = - 0.53V
For the above rraciinn if concert trillion o f
Reaction 2C u* ( Y k ^ s ^ C u " ' (n tj) + Cu(.<) F = y
reactants are doubled than ihe rate o f forward
reaction increases for a sliort lime Ijlii alter So, Q i’ to q ltc ^ C u [< ), K" =- -i 0 .5 W
sometime equilibrium will csisibli.shed. So,
concentration 1ms no c fffc i on equilibrium C li 4 (at?) i= ^ C u i l (aq) ■*■ r " ; L - - 0,1 5V
constant. It remains unchanged after iucruasins
I hr* concentration o f reactants, 2Cu ' fat|J 1 CuJ ' (a q ) + C u{s), I- = +• 0,3ftV
AH,
57, AS,- - ... ' 61. KT - ^ fiT (frit One m ole o f a y.is)

Tin; temperature is constant and kineiic onerjfy

2930 J m o ]"1 __ ., _]
A S — lJ.77 J k mot ‘ is independent on molecular wrights. So,
1 .i(JU K.
K E tyi = Kr-N.
58, Given
62. CH;.COOHis weak acid w hile NaOH is strong;
H alf life Cf ]/;:J = 3 h
base, so one equivalent o f NaOH cannoi be
Initial mass (jVr ) = 3Q0g
neutralised with one equivalent o f Cl l-.COOf I.
Tumi time [ ! ' ) = IS h
lienee, one (jquivnlent of each does nut have
M iss left (iV) = V pi ■ value as 7.
W e know that, As the NaOIT is a strong base. The solution wiU
be basic having a pE 1 more than 7.
Ny. UJ
63. ][,A ’ - | [ 't El A'- (K „ ( )
where ;i number <-■!’ half life
' 1 oh.i1 linn- JH ! IX ~ v = i I I ' -t- X * ' i K a i )
: I I :L1J - L lT ' \i ' ■’ in the 1st equation hydrogen ion is form ed
n_ „ n V from neu Ira 1 molecule whereas in lliul
So,
300 1.2 } equation it tonics from negatively charged
■ IU UJ

species. Uue lo ne^'uivi! ihLirgc removal nf fo r the reaction

proion is dilliculL 2ZnS +- : K ) ^ ) — -+ 2 Z n 0 b ) + 2S0_.(;c J
^ rl. ^lI . - I (AG, |)|,„ 11 ) — A(7,|[ (NICtill Irj.) I
64. HP molecules have linear polymeric structure = |{ - 400] ■» [- F M 4 i-i - 2v .fi [
tine in hyilro^un bond.
- _ 1024+ ?-l>J
Li — r■— M — 1- • II — F -- i I ~ f;
- - 7 3 1 kJ
I -fe:u i!
71. Paramagnetic character is shown by those

65, -
1 rf r B»" J ] a [ Lkji atoms or moleculcs which have tin p. ii red
S dr 3 tit electrons.
<f i u y 3 J| br'1 In the given compounds CO is net paramagnetic
or since ii does noL have impaired electron s. The
(J! 5 <it
configuration o f CO molecule is
6 6 , In heterogeneous system K( t K p is not based
upon eoncenir.itnon or pressure o f solid C O t K ) - erl.s/,1 rt' 1y", o 2 s Is*. o 2;i;i
subs) ;mce. Hence, at equilibrium their ti 2p*, k 2p~
concentration nr pressure tire assumed as one
7 2 . In P— O bond, a bond is formed by the sidewise
=i=s- M yO (s) i- CO-AS)
overllipping o f d-orhikil of P and p-orbiial ul
K P -Pcx:, oxypen Hence, it is formed by fin ;irul dr.
yC] overlapping.
67. Cl U<^ in liCI j boron contains six I ll nitrogen and carbon no vacant <(-oibiial is

M il present. So, they do not form pit — tin bond.

t'leenotis in Us valence shell so, it ii capable to
accommodate one pair of electrons. llonce, it 0
.nets os Lewis acid or Hectron deficient, o ||n
compound. As wc know Ihut Lewis acids arc ./ P -
the subs tames having a tendency to accept .1 o
o~
pair o f electron
73. /\ atci ms are at comers of a cube
6 S. On aildiLion o f electrolyte cluirge el colloidal
prirt iules will neutralise anil iicnce So, the number of A atoms per unit cell
coagulation or precipitation of colloidal =a = l,
a
solution will occur.
S im ila rly, B atoms stc present at face centres
69. The dissociation energy wih lie more when the
o f a cube.
bomi order will be greater
So, the number orB atoms per unit cell
or Bond order x Dissociation energy
Molecular orbital eon figuration o f N 2 0 4 ) = -6*^=3
o Is1, o* 1;“, o 2 iJ, « 2 5*, n2py*, xi/y*1’ tiZ p ^ Hence, the compound is ABS
So. bond order o fN , ■N h ~ Wn =, 3 74. On decomposition BaCO i liberates CO.. as
2
DaCOj -------* BaO + CO.^T
and bond order o f N./ = 2.5 t97 A^A I nr SI!J
•,* 197}? BaCO;j gives = 22,4 L o f CO 2 at STP
As [tie bfind order o f is greater than N j 1
22 4 * 9- 85
Sd, the dissociation energy o f N^will be greater ..S S S gB aC O , will give = — ^ — - 1.121
than N V .
75. It)
70, AG of formation of different Mibsumces are as
3 x O N-of A + 2[O.N. ofB + 4 x O N . of i.l - 0
2SO - - 544 kJ
3 * (+2) + 2| +5 + 4 x C-2)] = 0
2ZnS - 293 kJ
+ 6 + 2 [-3] = t)
2ZnO = - 4 8 0 kJ
 Hence, in the compounds /;. . the
oxidation number o f A, B and C are + 2 , + 5
and - 2 respectively.

76. In Fe(COJ5, the Fe atom is in dsp3 hybridised

state. Therefore, the shape o f molecule is
trigonal bipyramidal. The hybridisation is as
a(1Ke.= I s 2, 2s2 2p°, 3s2 3p° 3p'\ 4sz 4 p °

In Fe(CO)^ the ‘Fe’ atom is—-

until Hi □ in
3d 4.s 4p
di7>--hybridJs3tion

CO
CO

*
CO <■
* F e *.

- CO
i ^ '"•CO
77. Com plex C o (en ) ( N H ^ Cl j Cl w ill have four
different isomers.
(i ) Geometrical isomers.

NH-, Cl
Cl nh3
Co
Cl
€ > < / Nil-,
NH3 Cl
i>’ form irtms-fot-Tn

(il) Optica] isomers

Nil-, NH,
NHi Cl
en/ Co: en/ Co
VL^J_ Ci NH,
Cl Cl

78. The electronic configuration o f Sc is

I s 2, 2sz2pi\ 3s*3pi>3d\ 4i~
and configuration o f Sc'" is

Is 2, 2s 2 2pc\ 3s~3pD
So, S c J' is colourless due to absence o f
unpaired electrons in d-orbital.

79. Species having equ.ii number o f electrons are

known as isoelectronic species.
 In CO number of In NO f number o f
electrons electrons
= 6 + 8 = 14 = 7 + 8 - 1 = 14
In CN“ number of In C / ' number o f
electrons electrons
= 6 + 7 + 1=14 =12+2=14
Hence, all have 14 electrons so, they are
isoelectronic species.
80. [C u (C N )^] is more stable while
K 2 fCdCCN)^] is less stable.

81. Manganese shows maximum number of

oxidation states because it has 5 unpaired
electrons in 3d and ."ilso contains 2 electrons in
4s -subs hell .
+ 2, + 3, + 4, ■+ 5, + 6 , -i- 7
Other metals show the follow ing oxidation
states
Cr = + 2, + 3, + 4, + 5, + 6
F e = 4 -2 , -f 3
Ti = + 2, + 3 , + 4
8 2 . Formula o f chlorophyll is C^H-^MgNjO,.-,. So,
M g is present in chlorophyll. It is the green
colouring matter o f leaves and green stems.
Vitamin Bj2 contain cobalt. Haemocyanin
contain copper and carbonic anhydrasc
I1C O ;..
8 3 . 6 CHaCl 1 --- CH 2 - > 2(C H (CH;>C1 i2) , B

Propone Tri‘ » piopy] borane

6 CH:,CH2C M p H

84 . \ >C = ' + N — NH-

H

Akldwdtf

A]dclwdc ] iy<fra/ono

85. I'riedel-Crafts alkylation o f benzene (A t— H)

S te p ( i)
 S te p ( i i )
N ^ tC
H CH 3
\ Slow
90.
+ CH3
Nitrobenzene (Aryl isocyanide)
In term ediate m (Q
carbocatlon Catalytic
reduction
Step (iiij
H— N— CH 3
H Cl i3

Fast
+ AICI4
N-meEhy (aniline

Thus, C 6H 6 and Cl 13CI are required in addition 91. Stability o f an alkene depends upon the heat of
to AICl:J hydrogenation of an alkene. The lower the
8 6 . Those diastereomers which differ only in heat o f hydrogenation of an alkene higher will
configuration at C -l are known as anomers. be stability.
r Order o f stability
II— C— OH HO— C— H
trails '! Imtene > cis-2-butene > 1-butene.
I I
H— C— OH H— C— OH Heat of hydrogenation (kJ/mol) are 11E.5,
O O 119.6 and 126,8 respectively.
HO— C— H HO— C— H
92. Staggered form is
I I
H— C— OH H— C— O il produced when rear
I arrangement o f CH 3 H -
I
H— C ---------- H— C --------- groups is rotated as angle
I of 60° over front
CH2OH CH'jOH arrangement o f — CH 3
</-D(0 glucose [1-D(+) glucose
group. H
Anom ers

87. Due to presence o f > C = C < in butene-2, it 93. Resonance stabilization of phenoxide-ion.
shows restricted rotation. Hence, give two types
o f arrangements around the space o f > C = C < ^:6 :e :0 :0
as cis and trans forms.
H-.0
8 8 . R — COOR' ■ -> R — CO O H + R'O H

iI.iAlH 4 / ether
R -C H -P R + P .'O H
According 10 above equation, it is clear that
reduction o f hydrolysed product o f ester by
LiAlH 4 gives two alcohols.
89. In CH 2 = C I 1 — CHO due to — M effect o f
— CHO group polarization o f electron takes
place as follows C 2 H5 - 0 — H C->H= — ( T + FT
C H ,= C H — C = = 0 - >CH,— C H = C — O" stable not stable (due to absence
of resonance)
H H
Phenoxide ion is more stable than ethoxide
Hence, partial polarization is represented as ion due to resonance. Therefore, the
'6+■
ionisation constant o f phenol is higher than
CH 7 = CH — CH = O
ethanol.
 94 . Bond en ergy o f F2. CIo and Br2 are 38, 57 and 9 7 . Ethyl benzoate is prepared by reacting benzoic
45.5 kcal/mol respectively. So, the correct acid and ethanol in presence o f dry HC1. This
decreasing order o f bond en ergy is— reaction is know n as esterification reaction.
CI2 > Br2 > F2 C 6Hr,COOH+ C ^H rpH —
ifrn z o ic a c id F.thanol
9 5 . In — CH:„ — OCH3 and CF3, C H , and — OCH3
are electron donating group. Hence, they C (jfir,COOC2H s + H 20
activate the benzene nucleus. In these, order o f ELThyl ht>3i7oat«

activation is — OCH 3 > — CH^ while — CF3

98 . F2C — CF2 is a m onom er o f w ell known plastic
group deactivates the benzene nucleus. So, it
teflon, a m aterial inert to almost all chemicals.
shows low er rate o f electrophilic substitution
on benzene ring. Thus, order o f electrophilic F F
substitution is- I I
-C— C +
CH3 OCH;
Monomer
I I
_F F
Tellon polymer
99 . Thyroxine is a horm one secreted by thyroid
96. 'R' and 'S’ form s of an optically active
gland. This horm one controls various
compounds d iffer in their behaviour towards
biochem ical reactions involving burning o f
plane polarised light. The species which rotate
proteins carbohydrates, fats to release energy.
the plane o f polarised towards right is called as
'ft' form (Recrus form ) or cf-form (dextro-form) 100. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property-
and the species which rotate the plane o f which is used to find the m olecular w eigh t o f
polarised light tow ards left is known as S-form polym er.
(sinister form ) or /-form (Laevo form ).

Biology
101. B iogeography is the study o f the geographical
distribution o f life form s on earth. Darwin
undertook a voyage on the ship HMS Beagle.
The ship traversed the Southern Hemisphere
w h ere life is most abundant and varied. A long
the w ay, Darw in found different forms o f life
very different from those in England. As he
sailed southward along the South Am erica, he
found that sim ilar species replaced each other.
He thought that related species could have
been m odified according the environm ent. His
view s go t confirm ed on Galapagos islands
(sm all group of volcanic islands
W estern coasts o f South .America). Darwin
found differen t m od ified forms o f finches
which seemed to have descended from
mainland Finches as a result o f the natural
selection.
102. M ango belongs to fam ily Anacardiacae,
orange to Rutaceae; wheat to Poaceae (=
Gram inae) w hile cotton (Cossypiuin) belongs
to M alvaceae.
103. RBE (R elative Biological Effectiveness) is a
comparison o f the dose o f the radiation being
studied with the dose o f standard radiation
producing the same effect.
104. Phytoplanktons, diatoms and dinoflagellates
are the dom inant producers in the w o rld ’s
oceans. Dia to ms tend to dom inate in Northern
waters w hile dinoflageLlates are quite common
in sub-tropical and tropical waters.
o ff the
105. Viruses are m ade up o f nucleic acid (D N A or
R N A ) + protein. Cellular organisation (cell
membrane, protoplasm ,ribosom es etc..) is not
found. No m etabolism occurs in viruses and
hence, no enzym es are found (o f course, some
viruses have a fe w enzym es which h elp them
tv *'K M r;itr th p ' O n 1 r' 1 n t h p r b a n d ■*1 “
 fimgi and cyanobacteria have a variety o f Sucrose is a non-reducing disaccharide
enzymes. consists o f one glucose and one fructose
106. Herbarium is a collection o f preserved plant molecules. It is one o f the abundant transport
material. Genome refers to total genetic sugar in plants.
material within a cell or individual. Gene 111. In feedback inhibition, the product o f an
library is the collection o f DNA fragments. enzyme— catalysed reaction accumulates and
Gene banks (= world collections) are large acts as inhibitor o f the reaction.
collections o f germ plasm representing
materials from various parts o f the world. In Glucose + ATP
our country, NBPGR (National Bureau o f Plant H exo-
Genetic Resources), N ew Delhi is maintaining kinase
gene banks o f different crops.
Inhibits /' (EllZyme) „
107. Co nversio n o f C O ^ t o simple (red uee d) o rga nic Glucose -6 -phosphate
compounds is called C 0 2 assim ilatio n or ’ (End Product)
C 0 2 fixation or c a rb o n fixation. This +
fixation pathway was elucidated in the early ADP
1950s by M e lv in C alvin and co-workers and
is often called as C alv in cycle.
112 . Interferons (INFs) are a group of three
Since one molecule o f carbon is fixed in one vertebrate glyroproteins (a. |i. y ). Out o f
turn o f the Calvin cycle. So, six turns o f the these, tw o (u and [}) are produced within
cycle are required to fix the glucose molecule virally infected cells. Interferon induces,
containing 6 carbon atoms. among adjacent cells, as antiviral state by
108. C O 2 is fixed in the stroma o f the chioroplast inducing synthesis o f the enzymes which
leading to the synthesis o f PGA from which inhibit the viral production cycle.
glyceraldehyde phosphate is formed. From
113. K arl von Frisch, in 194Os, earned out many
glyceraldehyde phosphate, sugar and starch
detailed experiments and determined that
are formed. All these do not require light.
when a foraging bee returns to the hive, it
However. photolysis of water and
performs a w aggle dance. The number and
phosphorylation o f ADP to ATP requires light
pattern o f waggles indicate the distance and
energy.
direction o f the food source. Honey is
109. The entire, process o f photosynthesis is driven predominanty glucose and fructose (not
b y light energy comes from the Sun. This
arabinose). Bees wax is not excretory' product.
energy is first captured by chlorophyll
It is secreted by special wax glands to make
molecules and later on utilized for the
compartments. Apis indica is a medium sized
synthesis o f ATP (chemical energy) molecules,
honey bee. A. dorsara is bigger while A. florea
which are later utilized in the dark reation i. a ,
is smaller.
Calvin cycle.
114. Lysosomes w ere discovered by C h ristian d e
110. Glycogen, also known as “animal starch” , is the
D u ve (1955) from rat liver. M a tile (1964)
chief polysaccharide store o f animal cells and
discovered lysosomes in plants. Generally
most o f the fungi (though food is also stored as
oil globules in some fungi), lysosomes are 0.2 - 0.8 m size, irregular
membranous vesicles filled xvith hydrolytic
Starch is a complex water insoluble
polysaccharide carbohydrate chiefly found in enzymes. The)' are polymorphic.
green plants as their principal energy (fo o d ) About 40 enzymes (all hydrolytic) are present
source. in lysosomes. These include pro teases,
Glucose is the most w idely distributed hexose nucleases, glycosidases, lipases,
sugar. It is an aldohexose reducing sugar. It is phospholipases, phosphatases and sulfatases.
found in blood muscles and brain and works as 115. Black rust o f wheat is caused by Pitccinia
energy fuel. grain inis Intici.
 This is the potential cause of enorm ous 121 . W ild plants have to survive without getting
econom ic loss in all w heat grow in g regions o f protection and for this, they evo lve various
the w orld. strategies/characters which are exploited by
Pucdnia gram inis tritici usually passes its life plant breeders.
cycle on tw o different hosts, w heat and 122 . Transgenic m ice (o f much larger size than the
barberry. norm al) have been produced in the laboratory
116. Dolly-the sheep was the first Mammal to be b y transfer o f genes to fertilized eggs as w ell
successfully cloned from an adults sheep cel] as to stem cells.
at the Rosin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland 123. Yeast (Saccharomyces) produces enzym es
in February, 1997. amylase, maltase and Starch j
117. T h e fam ily Hom inids includes humans o f zymase. Am ylase breaks
today. These are the most intelligent o f the down starch into Am ylase
honiinoids. Th ey are distinguished from the maltose; Maltase
other fam ilies o f honiinoids in that they are converts maltose into | M altose"!
b i p e d a l i. e., they walk upright on tw o legs. glucose; glucose is
Maltase
Hom inids appeared during Pliocene but converted b y zymase to
m odern human (H om o sapiens) are believed ethanol and C D i. Glucose
to have arisen about 150,000 years back 124. Singh (1 9 7 7 ) has
dnnng Pleistocene, reported the use o f Azolla
118. Plasmids replicate autonomously. These carry as a precious green
a signal situated at their replication origin compost for rice Ethanol

which determ ines how many copies are to be cultivation. + co2

m ade and this number can be artificially The leaves of Azolla
increased for cloning a given gene. (w a ter fern) contain npto 80,000 Anabaenc

119. Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains Tj which fix atmospheric nitrogen and make n
available to Azolla wliich, in turn, makes il
(Tum our inducing) plasmid which can be
available to soil on decom position,
transmitted betw een species o f plants and is
instrumental in genetic recom bination 125. The Lemurs are the inhabitants o f Madagasca:
naturally. It is called natural plant genetic and the Com oro Islands.
engineer, Endangered species are those species whosf
population have been reduced to a critica
1 2 0 . Enzymes enhance the rate o f a reaction by
level. So, they are near to extinction in nea
just low erin g the activation energy (the
future.
energy required for substances to react and
get converted into product) o f a reaction. 126. A nucleotide contains (a ) a 5-C sugar, (b ) i
phosphate m olecule and (c ) a nitrogenou
High f _ base.
ATP is also a nucleotide. It also has a 5-C suga
activation energy
activation without (ribose), 3 phosphate molecules and
__ energy catalyst nitrogenous base (aden in e).
Energy [" with catalyst 1^
content
of re a c ta n ts
molecules

products: -
Lo w L — -------- ----- ------*►
-Progress of reaction-------- ►
 CBSE Medical Solved Paper 2000

■Pyrophosphate “

o o o
CH20 —P—O — P—O ~ P —OH
I I
OH OH OH

OH OH
AMP Ritwse
A d e n in e-R ibo se-O -P sA M P

ADP
Adenine-Ribose-O—P—0 —P=ADP
ATP

Adenine-Ribose-O— P—0 ~ P —O —P=ATP

The chemical structure of AMP, ADP and ATP

Adenine + sugar (ribose) ------ > adenosine

Adenosine + 1 phosphate ------ * adenosine monophosphate (A M P)
AMP + 1 phosphate ------ * adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
ADP + 1 phosphate - » adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

27. Cycas with largest antherosoidsand ovule, and 131. The enzyme rennin coagulates casein, the
the largest plant Sequoia belong to soluble protein o f the milk, into insoluble
gymnosperms. calcium salt o f casein, which is then digested
Gymnosperm is a group o f necked seeded by the pepsin.
plants i.e ., their ovules are not enclosed by 132. Structures or organs which are present in an
ovary walls. Ovules o f gymnosperm*; are organism in a diminished size but no longer
directly bom ed o rt the megasporophyll. useful are called v e s tig ia l o rg a n .
28, Syphilis Treponetna pallidum About 90 vestigial organs have been reported
.AIDS HIV virus from human body. These include coccyx (tail
Gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhea bone), third molar (wisdom teeth) and
Pyorrhoea Entamoeba giiigivalis segmental muscles o f abdomen,
Anthrax Bacillus artthracis 133. Glycoproteins are proteins having at their
Urethritis In fla m m a tio n o f the rt-terminal end a simple or complex sugar
urethra bv bacteria residue.
Lipoproteins are proteins having lipid
29. Removal o f apical me ri stem leads to increase in
molecules.
cytokinin level o f lateral buds. It stimulates cell
Nucleic acid and proteins constitute
division and completes vascular connection
between axillary buds and transport stream. nucleoprotein.
N ow axillary buds get sufficient supply o f IAA, 134. Sweat glands are coiled tubular glands
cytokinin and other solutes so that these may situated in the dermis and connected to a
develop into new shoots. sweat duct which open as pore on the surface
30. The proteins synthesized by the ribosomes o f the skin. These secrete sweat which contains
bound to ER are passed into the lumen o f ER 0.1 to 0.4% o f sodium chloride, sodium acetate
where an oligosaccharide is added to them and urea. Sweating occurs when the body
(i. a , these are glycosylated). temperature increases. As sweat evaporates
 from the skin surface, energy is lost from the
b od y as latent heat o f evaporation; and this
reduces b od y tem perature.

135. Copper T is a small device m ade o f copper,

inserted into uterus by a doctor and left in
place it prevents implantation. O f course, it
m ay cause bleeding and discom fort.
136. A cell cycle is consisted o f interphase and M
phase or division phase. Interphase is
consisted o f 3 phases, Gj phase, S phase and
0 2 phase. In S phase syntheis o f D N A and
histone rakes place.

Cell Cycle

Interphase + M phase (D ivision

phase)
G i - — Phase
S — Phase — D N A and histone
synthesis
g2 ~ L- Phase
137. M endel found that tallness, round shape o f
seed, yello w colour o f seed, purple colour o f
flow er, green colour o f pod, inflated nature o f
pod and axial position of floweT w ere
dom inant over dwarfriess, wrinkled seed,
green colour o f seed, white colour o f flow er,
y ello w colour o f pod, constricted nature o f pod
and term inal position o f flow er,

138. G eocarpy refers to ripening of fruits

underground. In the case o f groundnut, the
young fruits are pushed into the soil as a result
o f post-fertilisation curvature o f the stalk.

139. Pneum atophores are specialised roots which

gro w vertically upwards into the air from roots
em bedded in the mud. Since they are loosely
constructed, these make gaseous exchange
possible fo r submerged roots. These are found
in plants grow in g in marshes or saline swamps.

140. N itrogen is the constituent o f am ino acids,

proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides coenzymes,
hexoam ines etc. D eficiency o f nitrogen repidly
inhibits the plant grow th and yellow in g o f the
leaves (chlorosis) magnesium has the specific
role in the activation o f enzymes, taking part in
photosyn the sis, respiration. It also forms a part
of the ring structure of tire chlorophyll
m olecule. D eficiency o f M g causes chlorosis
i.e., yellow in g o f leaves.
 Deficiency o f both Nitrogen and M agnesium
causes chlorosis (yellow in g o f leaves).
Thus a plant grow in g in m agnesium -deficient
soil would show chlorosis inspite o f being
sprayed with urea (n itrogen ).
141. Skoog (1954-1956) observed that coconut milk
contained a substance which stimulated cell
division. The substance was later on called
cytokinin.
The most w id ely occurring cytokinin in plants is
isopentanyl adenine flP A ) .IPAhas been isolated
from Pseudomona twnefaciens.

142. Members o f Rhodophyceae (red algae) contain

dilorophyll-a, d, r-phycoerythrin, r-phyco-
cyanin a and fi carotene pigments.
M embers o f Chlorophyceae (green alga e)
contain chlorophyll-a, b. p carotene pigments.
Mem bers o f B adllariophyceae (diatom s)
contain chlorophyll-a, c, fi carotene, e-carotene
pigments.
M em bers o f Cyanophyceae (cyanobacteria,
blue-green a lg a e) contain chlorophyll-a,
c-phycocyanin. c phycoerythrin, [1 carotene
pigments.
143. 2 A T P are required during conversion o f PG A to
1, 3 diphosphoglycericacid and 1 A T P during
conversion o f glyceraldehyde phosphate to
ribulose biphosphate. 2 N AD H 2 m olecules are
utilized for converting 1, 3 diphosphoglyceric
acid ro glyceraldehyde phosphate.
1 4 4 . In the ferns the sexual reproduction takes
place through spores w hich are b om ed in
sporangia. Sporangium is a diploid structure it
bears diploid spore m other cells w hich
undergo meiosis and produce haploid spores.
Each spore contains an outer thick brow n w a ll
called exine and a thin innerwall called intine.
Spore is the first cell o f gam etophyte. On
germ ination, it gives rise to a haploid
gam etophytic stage.
145. RRTt rrtt (Parents)
(Bed tail) (White dwarl)
FeutiltzaUon

I
RT Rt rt t t ...... Gametes

rt rt

RT RrTt RrTt

Rt Rrtt Rrtt
 Phenotype o f different plants is 152. DNA composition RNA com position
(i) All plants contain red fruits.
(i) Deoxyribose sugar R ib o se sugar
(ii) 5 0 % p la n ts are ta ll w it h red fru its.
(iii) 50% plants are dw arf with red fruits. (ii) Adenine, guanine Adenine, guanine
146, M u ta tio n is a sudden heritable change in the (purine) and (purine) and uracil
cytosine, thymine and cytosine
characteristics of an organisms. The
(pyrimidine), (pyrimidine)
individual shows these heritable changes is nitrogenous bases. nitrogenous bases.
known as m utant.
(iii) P h osp hate Phosphate
Most mutations arc recessive to wild-type
molecules. m o le c u le s .
alleles, normal gene product usually being
produced in amounts sufficient for the (iv) It is polymer of It is a ls o p o ly m e r o f

function even though the allele is present in a nucleotides. n u c le o tid e s ,

single dose. (v) It is capable to It is formed from

147. AUG acts as ‘start’ signal for intitiation o f replicate in all cases DNA by the process
because it functions o f transcription only
polypeptide chain synthesis, It codes for
as heredity material. in few cases (RNA
methionine.
viruses) it functions
148. Zinc is taken up by the plants in the form o f as heredity material
Zn++. it is required for biosynthesis of as in viruses.
chlorophyll in some plants. Deficiency o f Zn is
153. Kim et. a i. (1973) suggested L shape model of
shown by a reduction in intemodal growth as
f -RNA by X-ray defraction while studying
a result plants display a rosette habit o f
phenyl alanine r-RNA of yeast. L shape
growth in which the leaves form a circular
structure o f r-RNA is a 3-dimentional (3D)
cluster radiating at or close to the ground.
structure o f 20 A thickness.
149. Though most o f the protein synthesis occurs
154. The basic structure (clover leaf, 2D) of t -RNA
on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, a number
contains 3 loops and one lump.
o f proteins o f the matrix and inner membrane
The ‘C3’ arm is called acceptor arm.
of mitochondria are synthesised on the
It has C— C— A at its one end that accepts
mi to ribosomes (ribosomes present in the amino acid and form aminoacyl t-RNA.
mitochondrion]. T *+' C loop (o r ribosomal binding site) binds
150. Reproduction is necessary for continuity of with the ribosome.
life. However, production o f gametes is not
Amino acid
on!v method for this. A number o f organisms attaches here
reproduce asexuallv. In any case, cell division
is necessary which involves replication o f
DNA.

151. Viruses are non-cellular paniculate entities.

D-toop T.C. loop
They cause various disease in living
organisms. The only point favouring the virus Variable loop or lump
as living entities is that they have the ability
to reproduce (m ultiply) within the host by
using host's machinery. The only point Anticodon
flnfcodoni
favouring the viruses as living entities is that lo o p ------ on t-RNA
they have the ability to reproduce
(multiply)-though in the host using host's
machinery'.
Position of anticodon on t-RNA
 Anticodon loop has three specific base
sequences m aking the code. This code pairs
w ith the codon present on the m-RNA.
DHU loop binds am ino a d d synthetase. This is
m ade up o f 8-12 bases.
A lump is present betw een T 4' C loop and
anticodon loop.
155. Cytoplasm ic genes plasmogens, cytogenes
e x t r a n u c le a r g e n e s or extrachromosomal
genes are located in the cytoplasm or outside
o f the nucleus. The term p la s m o n is used to
the sum total of genes present in the
cytoplasm o f a cell w h ile the term p la s t o m e
is used to the genes found in the plastids o f a
cell. Sim ilarly the term c h o n d r io n e is used to
the some total o f genes present in the
m itochondria o f a cell. A ll the available
evidence indicate that extranuclear genes
(D N A ) are located in mitochondria and
plastids o f a cell.
156. Since each daughter D N A m olecule contains
one strand o f the parent D N A double helix
(o n ly one. strand synthesised afresh) the
process ■- o f replication is called
Semico n servative ^
M a t h e w M e s s e ls o n a n d F ra n k lin S ta h l in
1958 proved experim entally that DNA
replication is semi-conservative. T o prove it
they used N 13 heavy DNA in a medium
containing N 14 isotope.
157. B-form o f D N A shows right handed coiling
wliich contains 10 base pairs in each turn.
One com plete turn o f D N A occupies 34 A
distance so in nm it w ill 3.4 nxn because
Inrn - 10 ' Li tn

1A = 10“10 m

34A - 34 x 1CT10 m

or -3 .4 x l(T g m

So, =3L4nm .

158. During late prophase, specialised structures

called kinetochores d evelop on either surface
o f the centrom ere. Chromosomal fibres get
attached to kinetochore.
Chrom om eres are beaded structures on the
chrom osom es which are found particularly at
the prophase I (particularly at leptoten e) o f
m eiosis L
 Chrcmocentre is developed due to the fusion
o f centrom eric regions o f all the chrom osom es
o f a cell.
Centrosome is found in animal cells (absent in
plant cells), It is found near the nucleus. Each
centrosome is m ade up o f tw o centrioles and
each centriole is a cylindrical structure w ith a
diam eter o f 1500-1800 A and is m ade up o f
nine fibrils.
The main function o fc e n tro m e re is a tth e tim e o f
cell division w hen the tw o centrioles separate
and m ove to opposite poles. Aster and spindle
are form ed from it which help in the m ovem ent
o f chromatids,
159. M ongolism (Down's syndrom e) is a congenital
disorder o f people: it is caused by trisom y o f
chrom osom e 21 (o fte n by non-disjunction).
The persons suffering from it are m entally
retarded, have short body, sw ollen tongue and
folded eyelids.
W hen sex chrom osom es o f m ale contain an
extra copy o f X-chroniosome then this leads an
abnormal condition i.e ., syndrome called
kilinefeIter's syndrome.
Turner’s syndrom e is found due to absence o f a
sex chrom osom e (case o f m onosom y) which
leaves on ly X-clirom osom e per cell (in human
44 + X ).
160. In human beings, the presence of a
Y-chrom osom e is required for the developm ent
o f a male sex phenotype. X-chrom osom es
present in any number (XXX, XXXX) in the
absence o f a Y chrom osom e gives rise to
fem ale. Presence of even a single
Y-chrom osom e confers maleness. In
Drosophila, Y chrom osom e plays no significant
role in sex determ ination. In Drosop/iiia m ale
determ iners w ere localed onautosom es. One X
and tw o autosomes produce m ale w h ile tw o X
(X, X) and tw o autosomes produce fem ale.

161. Rhesus antibodies are form ed in the plasma o f

Rh~ w om an w ho have been pregnanted with
Rh ’ babies if the foetal b lood leaks across the
placenta during the birth o f R h + baby. Later
Rh 1 foetuses w ould be at risk and m ay suffer
from hemolysis.

162. H om eotic genes are control genes which either

by getting expressed or by rem aining silent
during developm ent, influence the
differentiation o f organs. These have been
 found in insects, one nematode and some Zeatin is the iirsi cytokinin hormone obtained
plants. A DNA sequence called homeobox, from unripened m aize grains or kernels by
present in these genes, is involved in L eth am et. al.,
specification o f organs, A mutation that causes Indole Acetic Acid (1AA) is a universal natural
a body part to develop in an appropriate auxin hormone isolated by K ogl et at.
position in an organism, is called homeotic (.1934).
mutation e.g., in Drosophila, such mutation Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA1 is the
may cause legs to develop on the head in place synthetic auxin.
o f antennae.
170. Chimpanzees and gorillas are our closest
163. Ends of a chromosome are known as relatives among the living primates.
telomeres, these seal the ends o f chromosomes
171. Platypus (OmithorhynchiLs) o f Australia and
and provide stability and individuality to a
Tasmania: and spiny ant eaters (Tachyglossus,
chromosome. The reason o f telomere is made
Zaglossuf) o f Australia, Tasmania and New
up of repeating sequence o f 3' T T AGGG 5' in
Guinea are members o f the sub-class Prototheria
human.
of Mammalia which are oviparous (lay eggs,).
164. The pineal gland (epiphysis) secretes the
172. Blastopore is the transitory opening on the
hormone melatonin which regulates the
surface o f gastrula through which the internal
working of gonads by inhibiting
cavity (archenteron) communicates with the
gonadotrophins and their effects. Its exterior. It is formed by invagination of
production is inhibited by exposure o f animal superficial cells during gastrula don.
to light.
173. Active transport is the energy-dependent
165. The great majorin' o f T and B lymphocytes
transport o f a substance across a cell membrane,
continuously circulate between the blood and
accumulating it on the other side against ihe
lymph. These leave the blood stream,
chemical or electrochemical gradient. It
squeezing out between specialised endothelial
involves proton ‘pumps' traversing the
cuts found in certain small vessels and enter membrane and requires an appropriate energy
various tissues including all the lymph nodes. supply.
After percolating through a tissue, these Diffusion is the movement o f molecules from
accumulate in small lymphatic vessels which their higher concentration to their lower
connect to a series o f lymph nodes, from where concentration.
they ultimately enter the main lymphatic Pinocytosis is also known as cell drinking in
vessel (thoracic duct) which carries them back which cell takes liquid material. It is a type o f
into the blood. endocytosis.
166. Pterygoid is a small bone articulated with the Suspended particles in a colloidal system hit one
palatine. another and are seen moving up and down,
forward and backward. This movement is called
167. The chief component o f ground substance o f
B ro w n ia n m ovem ent or colloidal
carriage is chondromucoprotein which is movement.
formed o f chondriotirt sulphate karatan
174. In annelids, the nephridia are the excereroiy
sulphate and hyaluronic acid.
organs. In earthworm, three types o f nephridia
168. Ornithine combines with on^ molecule o f'N II 3 are found— (i) septal, (ii) pharyngeal and (iii)
and C 0 2 to produce citrulline. Citrulline integumentary. The septal nephridia do not
combines with another molecule of N H 3 to discharge the excretory fluid to the exterior.
form arginine. Arginine is broken down into Instead, these pour it into the intestine. Hence,
u re a and Ornithine which repeats the cycle. these are also called enteronephric nephridia.
This is called ornithine cycle or urea cycle or
175. Urine is concentrated through counter ctnrent
Kreb-Henseleit cycle-
mechanism which involves (i) the loop of
169. Ethylene promotes ripening o f fruits. It is also lienle, (ii) the vasa rectae. (iii) nearby
used to promote abscission o f leaves, flowers collecting tubules and ducts, (iv) the
and fruits in a variety' o f plants. interstitial fluid.
 in the mesophyll cells. The primary acceptor
o f CO 2 is phosphoenol pyruvate (= PEP)
which combines with CO jn the presence o f
PEP carboxylase to form oxaloacetic acid.
RuBP carboxylase is the primary CO 2
acceptor in C 3 plants.
Hydrogenase enzym e is common in m icro
organisms. It takes up or evolves gaseous 0 2.
Reductase or dehydrogenase enzym e
catalyzes the dehydrogenation o r rem oval o f
hydrogen atoms (o r electrons).

177. Main characteristics o f phylum Chordata are

as follows :
1. Bilateral symmetry; segmented body;
three germ layers; w ell developed coelom .
2. Notochord (a skeletal rod ) present at
som e stage in the life cycle.
3. Single, dorsal, tubular nerve cord;
anterior end o f cord usually enlarged to
form brain.
4. Pharyngeal pouches present at som e
stage in the life cycle; in aquatic chordates
these develop into gill slits.
5. Postanal tail, usually projecting beyond
the anus at some stage but m ay or may not
persist,
6. Segmented muscles in an
unsegmented trunk.
7. Ventral heart, with dorsal and ventral
blood vessel; closed blood system.
8. Com plete digestive system.
9. A cartilaginous o r bony endoskeleton
present in the m ajority o f members
(vertebrates).
10. Presence of diaphragm is the
characteristic feature o f vertebrates e. g . ,
Mammals.

178. The interm ediate lobe (pars interm edium ) of"

the pituitary gland secrctes MSH which causes
dispersal o f pigm ent granules in the pigment
cells (m elanocytes) which give colour to the
skin.
In the frogs and tadpoles, MSH is
responsible for the generalized blackening
o f the skin.

179. Evolution o f modern man is accompanied

by the reduction in length o f ja w bones ailtl
teeth lines becom ing semicircular instead o f
U-shaped.
 membrane becomes m ore permeable tc
sodium ions; hence, m ore sodium inns entei
the axon than potassium ions leaving it. As a
result, the positive and negative charges on
the outside and inside 0/ the membrane are
reversed. The membrane wiLh reversed
polarity is called depolarised.

181. In m aize, fem ale inflorescence (cobs) are

borne laterally at low er levels. The silk (style,
stigm a) o f cobs protrude (project) beyond the
protective leaves. The large and heavy pollen
grains o f maize fall dow n vertically from
clusters o f m ale inflorescences (tassels) to
fertilize the cobs.

182. In many plants, the seed coats are quite tough

and provide mechanical resistance to the
grow th of the embryos. Scarification by
abrasion through machine, threshing, filing
etc., is done to rupture o r w eaken the seed
coat and promote germination.
183. M egapore is a haploid structure which
divides and gives rise to em bryo sac which is
also called as fem ale gam etophyte.
Kight-nucieate em bryo sacs may be
monosporie (e.g.. Polygonum ); or bisporic
[e.g.. A lliu m ); or tetrasporic (e.g., Adoxa) .

1S4. N a was chin (1 8 9 8 ) was first to show that

both the male gametes released by a pollen
tube are involved in fertilization. Nucleus o f
one gam ete fuses with egg nucleus
(syngam y). Nucleus o f the other gam ete fuses
with the polar nuclei o r their fusion product
(secondary nucleus). Most o f the plants have
tw o polar nuclei; hence second fertilization
involves the fusion o f three nuclei (triple
fusion).

JSyngamy Union of first male

gamete with the egg
Double
Fertilization
/
—— — Union of second male
Triple gamete with the polar
fusion nuclei or secondary
nucleus
185. Most contraceptive pills contain the hormones in the present case have been automatically
estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone, deleted. Cellulose cannot be digested by
alongwith estrogen, disturbs the normal human beings, thus option also stands
menstrual cycle to prevent ovulation. It rejected, Pancreatic juice can digest DNA
inhibits the pituitary from secreting FSH and which is the component o f every cell.
LH, which leads to blocking o f ovulation.
191. Arteries have thick walls, narrow lumen but
186. The progressive division of cells during no valves. Endothelium is present in both
embryonic growth is called cleavage, it is arteries and veins.
not accompanied by any increase in the Impure blood comes from different body
embryo’s overall size. organs, is first red eve d by right auricle and
The first cleavage occurs in human zygote from there it flows to right ventricle. Later
about 30 hours after fertilization. It is flows impure blood through pulmonary artery
holoblastic (com plete) and gives rise to the and then to arteries to the lungs.
blastomeres-one o f which is slightly larger
192. Scent or musk glands are located around the
than the other.
face, feet or anus o f many mammals. These
187. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a secrete pheromones which may be involved in
fatal brain disease known to exists in beef and defense, recognition and territorial behaviour.
other dairy cattle in UK. Also known as mad
193. From the procambium, (prim ary) xylem and
cow disease, it is believed to be caused by
phloem arise simultaneously.
prions. Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) is a
slow degenerative disease among human 194. Carrot and ripe papaya contain carotene from
affecting central nervous system with which vitamin A is yielded. Vitamin A is
dysfunction and degeneration o f the brain. necessary' for the formation o f rhodopsin.
Some scientists have suggested that a few The 'visual pigments in vertebrate eyes are
people in Britain might have contracted CJD located in the tips o f specialized sensory cells
by eating BSE-infected beef. called r o d and co n e cells. Rod cells contain
rhodopsin and are responsible for black and
188. Cartilaginous joints are found between the
white vision.
centra o f vertebrae; at pubic symphysis; and
between ribs and sternum. 195. in vertebrates, u-keratin (a protein)
Fibrous joints are also called as sutures or constitutes almost the entire dry weight o f
immovable joints because in these joints the hair. Therefore, as the person ages,
adjoining bones can not move upon each metabolism decreases, synthesis o f protein
other e. g . , Coronal suture between frontal decreases leading to thinning o f hair.

and parietel bones o f skull.
In gliding joints, tw o bones can slide upon
each other. e.g., Joints between carpals in
■wrist.
In angular joints one bone is movable on
another bone in two planes side to side and
back and forth a g . , Wrist joints.
189. Both A. lumbricoides and A. stephensi; have
different males and females: and it is possible
to distinguish between them morphologically.
190. Anything which cannot be digested cannot
serve as ‘good’. Therefore, starch and lactose
196. .*01 epithelium is a sheet or tube o f firmly
aderent cells with minimum (practically
negligible) material and space between them.
197. For human beings, eight amino acids are
essential : leucine, isoleucine, lysine,
methionine, phenylalanine, threonine,
tryptophan and valine.
198. Severe diarrhoea, vomitting, watery stools are
the chief symptoms o f cholera. All these lead to
dehydration. Actually, cholera toxin secreted
by Vibrio choleras causes, through a series o f
metabolic reactions, the continuous activation
 or aaejiymLe ty<L_ici*e uiLcsujiai
cells. The resultant high concentration o f If burnt, the organic matter burns o ff
cAM P triggers continual secretion of producing smoke and the ash (m ineral
C P , H C O 3 and w ater into the lumen o f the m atter) is left behind.
intestine. Adm inistration o f saline not on ly 200. A variety o f proteins are synthesized on
supports the sodium-potassium pump through ribosomes. H ow ever, these have differen t
which w ater in cell is restored, but glucose is destinations. D a v id S a b a t in i and G.
also symported along w ith sodium. B lo b e l proposed ‘signal sequence’ hypothesis
199. W hen a bon e is kept in dilute a d d fo r a few according to which a short am ino acid
days, the salts get dissolved, leaving only soft sequence at the am ino terminus o f a n ew ly
and flexible organic m atrix (decalcification). synthesized polypeptide directs a protein to
If kept in KOH, it remains unaffected; only the its appropriate location sequence.
surrounding mucles and connective tissue get
□