Circuit

Two types:

1) Series
2) Parallel

Materials:

1) Conductor
- Are material that current move freely
2) Insulators
-are materials that impede the current flow
3) Semi-conductors
- Are materials that material conductivity
- Ex; silicon, germanium

ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS

- Component of the building wiring system that carries electric current

- Classified into two: wires and cables
- Wires: 8 sqm(cross-sectional area) or smaller in size
- Cables: more than 8 sqm
- Measured using the AWG (American Wire Gauge) system – not only for wires, but also in
cables
-the bigger the number, the smaller the wire,
-the smaller the number, the bigger the wire
- Most common wires used in house: no. 12 – 20 amps
 no. 14 – 15 amps
 No. 16 – di na ginagamit sa housing
- Classified into different types
o Type P – for dry locations
o Type PW – weatherproof, used in outdoor locations
o TYPE AHW – heat resistant, weatherproof
o And other types

Parts of building wiring system:

1) Service
- The part of the wiring systems that supplies the required utility
- This supplies the utility required
 2) Substation
- Is an auxiliary power station where electric current is converted or step down to the desired
voltage
- Ginapagamit pang step down - transformer
3) Service drop
- Overhead portion of the service extending from the nearest utility pole to the building
4) Service lateral
- Underground portion of the service extending from the main power to the building
5) Service entrance conductor
- The portion that extends from the service drop/service lateral to the service equipment of
the building
-
6) Service equipment
- The part of the building electrical system that constitutes the main control and means of
cut-off of the main electrical supply of the building
- Kung sa plumbing ni sya, mao ni ang gate valve
Consist of:
watt/meter, main circuit breaker, disconnection switch
7) Feeder
- Any conductor extending from the service equipment to the various distribution points of
the building
8) Panel board
- Serves as the point of supply from the difference branch of circuits
9) Branch circuits
- These are the final connection to an electric device
- May supply electricity from a single device to a group of devices
- Categories:
a. Lighting load
b. Miscellaneous power-
c. HVAC load
d. Plumbing and Sanitary equipment load – includes loads that associate water and
sanitary systems
e. Vertical transportation equipment load – eg. Elevator escalators
f. Special equipment load (individual load) – eg. Laboratory equipment
10)

Electric wirings – sizing and computation

1) Determine the different branch circuits according to the load that they serve.
2) For lighting load
a) determine the lighting outlets by direct counting
b) provide 100 watts maximum loads for each lighting outlet
c) determine the total current load of the circuit (A= W/V)
d) determine the size of the conductor wire for the circuit
 e) determine the size of a conduit pipe
f) determine the size or the rating of the used productive device

3) Miscellaneous Loads/outlets (appliance)

a) determine the lighting outlets by direct counting
b) provide 180 watts maximum loads for each lighting outlet
c) determine the total current load of the circuit (A= W/V)
d) determine the size of the conductor wire for the circuit (#12 AWG OR 3.5 sq mm wire shall
be the minimum size for the convenience wiring outlet)
e) determine the size of a conduit pipe
f) determine the size or the rating of the used productive device

4) Special or Individual Loads

a) Determine the wattage of each equipment
b) Compute the current load ( A=W/V)
c) Current load multiplied 125% (ang result kay mao na bagong amperes na requirement)
d) Size of the conductor wire
e) Size of the of a conduit pipe
f) Size of the productive device

5) How to compute the size of the service entrance?

a) Solve all the total load of the circuits
b) Total load x 80% (factor of safety) (ang result ang gamitin to the determine the size of the
service wire)
c) To determine the size of the service wire tingnan sa table
d) Min. service wire - #8 AWG or 8 sq mm
e) Size of the conduit pipe
f) Size of the productive device
6) CHOOSE OF THE SIZE OF THE Main Panel Board
a) 80 amps for 14 spaces
100 amps for 24 spaces
150 amps for 36 spaces
200 amps for 42 spaces
b) Never fill a panel board of more than 80% of its capacity to ensure that there’s a space for
future electrical wiring expansion.
7)