Project Report

Residential Building
Model File: Umesh Rijal etabs modle
09/12/2017
Table of Contents
Table of Contents........................................................................................2
1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................4
1.1 Problem Statement.............................................................................................. 4
1.2 Scope................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 General................................................................................................................ 4
1.4 Building Configuration and Features....................................................................5
1.5 Loads on Buildings............................................................................................... 5
1.5.1 Dead Load:....................................................................................................... 5
1.5.2 Live Load :........................................................................................................ 6
1.5.3 Sesimic Load:................................................................................................... 6
1.5.4 Wind Load:........................................................................................................ 6
2 METHODOLOGY......................................................................................7
2.1 Load Calculation.................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Preliminary Design............................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 Slab.................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Beam................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.3 Column............................................................................................................. 7
2.2.4 Staircase........................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Loading Patterns.................................................................................................. 7
2.4 Gravity Load Calculation...................................................................................... 8
2.5 Tools for Analysis................................................................................................. 8
2.6 Design Method..................................................................................................... 8
3 FRAME DESIGN......................................................................................9
3.1 ETABS Analysis.................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 Assignments..................................................................................................... 9
3.1.2 Analysis Preparation....................................................................................... 22
3.2 Design Outputs.................................................................................................. 23
3.2.1 ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design [column]...............................................23
3.2.2 ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design [beam]..................................................25
4 STAIRCASE DESIG.................................................................................31
5 SLAB DESIGN.......................................................................................33
6 FOUNDATION DESIGN...........................................................................34
2
 6.1 General.............................................................................................................. 34
6.1.1 Types of Footings............................................................................................ 34
6.1.2 Bearing Capacity of soil.................................................................................. 34
6.1.3 Depth of Foundation....................................................................................... 34
6.2 Analysis and Design of Foundation....................................................................34
7 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................40
8 REFERENCES........................................................................................41
8.1 Books and Journals............................................................................................ 41
8.2 Codes................................................................................................................. 41
8.3 Tools.................................................................................................................. 41

3
1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem Statement

Analyse and design an economical and stable RCC framed building for the usage in
Residential purpose using CSI-ETABS and manual calculations.

1.2 Scope
The main scope of this project is to apply standards of IS- 456:2000, IS-
13920:1993, IS-1893(part I):2002 in designing a building. These building require
great extent consideration of earthquake effects on building. This building is
located in seismic zone V therefore the lateral loading of earthquake considered is
predominant to the effects of wind loads. Hence wind loads are not considered.
Almost materials and their sizes are so chooses that these are easily available in
the market.

1.3 General

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of building of

Kathmandu at Metropolitan city ward no 14. It has planned to utilize the building
as residential aspect. The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable
probability that structures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their
intended life.

1. The building will be used in different compartments so that there are Partition
walls inside the building. External walls 230 mm thick and internal walls 115mm
thick with 12 mm plaster on both sides are considered. For simplicity in analysis,
no sloping shades are used in the building analysis even though balconies and
terraces are intentionally included.

2.At ground floor, slabs are not provided and the floor will directly rest on ground.
Therefore,
only ground beams passing through columns are provided as tie beams.
The floor beams are thus absent in the ground floor.

3.The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.

4. For all structural elements except slabs, M20 grade concrete will be used.
However, in slabs M20 grade of concrete is used.

5. Column size is (12”x12”), but reinforcement is of four types to economize

building cost and ensure safety.

6. The floor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid

4
 7.Tie Beams are provided in connecting the footings. This is optional in zones II
and III; however, it is mandatory in zones IV and V.

8. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the horizontal direction (along the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered
to be significant.

9. The analysis and design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in
practice in India and Nepal, the Indian Standard code IS 1893(Part 1):2002.
This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made,
the inputs made in the design and the design output.

11. As per IS 1893(Part 1):2002, the seismic zoning of Nepal can be taken
as ZONE IV and ZONE V, most severe zone of India. For our case, we take the
site lies on Zone V. Hence the building is designed with great consideration
towards earthquake resistant practices.

12. All dimensions are as specified.

1.4 Building Configuration and Features

The arrangements of Beams, Columns, Balcony slabs, T/B slabs, Room floors are
done according as the figures shown below. Storey height for all floors is taken as
9’4”. The numbering of beams and columns are presented in Annex I
Building Type : Residential Building of Mr. Umesh Rijal
Located at, KMC Ward no. 14.
: RCC Space frame, ductile moment resisting frame with
Structural system infill wall
Plinth area
covered : 886.813 sq ft.
Column : Square size 12”x12” (square column)
Rectangular size (Main beams) : 9”x12”, 9”x16” & 12”x16” (with slab)
Slab : 5” thick two way slab
Type of
foundation : Isolated and Combined Footing
No. of Storey : Six story including stair cover
Total Height : 56’ with stair case cover
Wall : 9” thick brick masonry (1:4 C/S ratio)
Probable Partition : 4” thick brick masonary (1:4 c/s ratio)

Type of Sub-Soil : III (Soft type as per NBC 105)

Bearing Capacity of soil adopted = 150 KN/m 2 as per site
condition.

5
1.5 Loads on Buildings

1.5.1 Dead Load:

A constant load in a building structure that is due to the weight of the members,
the supported structure, and permanent attachments or accessories. This analysis
deals with dead loads to be assumed in the design of buildings and same is given
in the-form of unit weight of materials. The unit weight of other materials that are
likely to be stored in a building should be also included for the purpose of load
calculations due to stored materials. These loads are calculated as specified in
IS875-1987(part I). In design consideration all dead loads of drawn members are
program specified. Dead Loads except drawn members are manually calculated
and applied.

1.5.2 Live Load :

The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building,
including the weight of movable partitions, distributed, concentrated loads, load
due to impact and vibration, and dust load but excluding wind, seismic, snow and
other loads due to temperature changes, creep, shrinkage, differential settlement,
etc. This analysis covers imposed loads*(live loads) to be assumed in the design of
buildings. The imposed loads, used in this building analysis, are minimum loads
which should be taken into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of
buildings. These loads are calculated as specified in IS 875-1987 (part II)

1.5.3 Sesimic Load:

The force on a structure is caused by acceleration including on its mass by an
earthquake. This load included in design to determine the extent of seismic
reinforcing. The seismic loads on the structure during an earthquake result from
inertia forces which were created background accelerations. The magnitude of
these loads is a function of the following factors: mass of the building, the dynamic
properties of the building, the intensity, duration, and frequency content of the
ground motion, and soil-structure interaction. The analysis method and earthquake
loads are calculated as specified in IS 1893-2002.

1.5.4 Wind Load:

Wind is air in motion relative to the surface of the earth. The primary cause of
wind is traced to earth’s rotation and differences in terrestrial radiation. The
radiation effects are primarily responsible for convection either upwards or
downwards. The wind generally blows horizontal to the ground at high wind
speeds. Since vertical components of atmospheric motion are relatively small, the
term, wind denotes almost exclusively the horizontal wind, vertical winds are
always identified as such. Wind load on the building would be usually uplift force
perpendicular to the roof due to suction effect of the wind blowing over the roof.
The positive or negative force of the wind acting on the structure; wind applies a
positive pressure on the windward side of the building and a negative suction to
the leeward side.. This analysis ignored the wind loads as the building is located in
6
seismic zone V and hence the earthquake loads predominant it and the height of
the building is less.

7
2 METHODOLOGY
The project provided to us is completed performing each section works mentioned
in the contents before The following stages are involved in the analysis and design
of three and half storey building.

2.1 Load Calculation

Load calculation is done using the IS 1893:2002 as code of standards. The exact
value of unit weights of the materials from the code is used in the calculation. The
thickness of materials is taken as per design requirements.

2.2 Preliminary Design

The tentative size of structural elements are determined through the
preliminary design so that after analysis the pre assumed dimensions
might not deviated considerably , thus making the final design both safe
and economical . Tentative sizes of various elements have been
determined as follows:

2.2.1 Slab
For slab, preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria span
/effective depth = 26*modification factor.( IS 456-2000 Art 23.2.1)

2.2.2 Beam
Thumb rule of d=L/12 to L/15 basis is adopted to consider the preliminary design
of the
beam section .
b/D=1/2

2.2.3 Column
Preliminary design of column is done consideration and interior column. For the
load acting in the column, live load is decreased according to IS 456-2000 & SP 16.
Cross-sections of the columns are adopted considering the economy. Square
column section is adopted in this building project as per the internal aesthetic
requirements.

2.2.4 Staircase
Stairs is designed as per drawing. Colum for stairs boxes is not included in the grid
system but they are assumed to be simply tied with main frame with beam.

2.3 Loading Patterns

Loading pattern from slab to beam is obtained by drawing 450 offset lines from
each corners then obtained trapezoidal as well as the triangular loading and is
8
 converted into the equivalent UDL as described in the respective sections .The
loading from cantilever slab part is converted to UDL acting in beam by dividing
the total load by beam. Load from all cantilever part is converted to UDL acting in
beam by dividing total load (wall UDL*total wall length) by length of the beam.
Self-weight of the projected beam.

2.4 Gravity Load Calculation

There are three types of loads for which the provided proposed project is designed:
Dead load
Live load
Seismic load
Dead load consists of the load from each element of building i.e. weight of column,
beam, slab and wall. Dimensions of column, beam, and slab are taken from
preliminary design and Corresponding density from code. For wall load thickness of
wall is taken from plan. Live load is taken from relevant code. In case of different
live loads in one panel of slab, highest value of load is taken for the panel. For
seismic load whole mass lump of building is calculated from which base shear is
obtained according to code.

2.5 Tools for Analysis

For analysis, different softwares are available during these days. Concerning to the
project “CSI-ETABS V-16.0.3” integrated building software is used for analysis of
frames. Manual analysis and design using IS 456:2000 carried out for the slabs
and foundations with the help of me created excel-templates made accordingly.

2.6 Design Method

Limit State Method

It uses the concept of probability and based on the application of method of
statistics to the variation that occurs in practice in the loads acting on the
structures or in the strength of material. The structures may reach a condition at
which it becomes unfit for use for one of many reasons e.g. collapse, excessive
deflection, cracking, etc. and each of this condition is referred to a limit state
condition. The aim of limit state design is to achieve an acceptable probability that
a structure will not become unserviceable in its lifetime for the use for which it has
been intended i. e it will not reach a limit state. It means structures should be able
to withstand safely all loads that are liable to act on it throughout its life and it
would satisfy the limitations of deflection and cracking. We adopt limit state
method for design.

9
3 FRAME DESIGN

3.1 ETABS Analysis

3.1.1 Assignments

Materials

Unit
Concrete E α G Fc
ν Weight Lightweight?
Grade
MPa 1/C MPa kN/m³ MPa

22360.6
M20 8 0.2 5.50E-06 9316.95 25 20 No

Unit
E α Unit Mass Fy Fu
Name Weight
MPa 1/C kN/m³ kN-s²/m⁴ MPa MPa

20000
HYSD fe 500 0 1.17E-05 76.9729 7.849 500 545

Diamete
r Area
Name
mm mm²
16 16 201
20 20 314
25 25 491
32 25 804

10
 Mass Source

Name Include Include Include Include Include Lump IsDefault Load Multiplie
Elements Added Loads Lateral Vertica at Pattern r
Mass l Stories
Mass No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Dead 1
Source
Mass No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Live 0.25
Source

Loads

The following considerations are made for the assignment of loads on the
structural model:
 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that
distributed over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
 The imposed loading of infill walls are considered(as per architectural drwg.) as
equivalent UDL with 25% to 30% deductions for openings, but the actual
modelling of infill walls as equivalent Struts are not performed. Hence the
stiffness of infill walls are not considered.

 The Plinth Tie – Beams are designed as purely tie members for lateral
loads only, not designed as flexural members as floor beams.
 For simplicity of Structural analysis, Modelling of stair case is not
performed & no landing beam is considered. The DL & LL load of stair
case is transferred to the floor beam as equivalent UDL.

11
 Load Patterns

Name Type Self Weight Auto Load

Multiplier

Dead Dead 1
Live Live 0
Other Dead (Wall) Dead 1
Other Dead (Stair) Dead 1
EQX Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
EQY Seismic 0 IS1893 2002

Load cases

Name Type

Dead Linear Static

Live Linear Static
Other Dead (Wall) Linear Static
Other Dead (Stair) Linear Static
EQX Linear Static
EQY Linear Static

12
 Dead loads (DL)

Assessment of unit Dead loads

Unit Weight of Concrete

= 25 KN/m3
Unit Weight of Brickwork
with

Plaster = 20 KN/m3
Unit Weight of Floor
Finish 20 KN/m3
Probable Partition Equivqlent
Dead
Load = 1 KN/m2
Beam-2 Width
Beam-1 Width = 9 inch = 6 inch

Beam-2 Depth
Beam-1 Depth = 12 inch = 12 inch
Height Of wall
= 9’4”
Width Of
External
Wall = 9 inch Slab Thickness = 5 inch
Width Of
Internal/
Partition
Floor Finish Thickness
Wall = 4 inch = 1 inch
Percentage of
Opening on
wall
= 30 %
Stair Area = 11.99 Sq m

13
 Loads on Beams supporting Two- ways Slabs:
In case of Beams supporting two-way slabs, the load distribution is trapezoidal
on long beams and triangular on short beams with base angle of 45 ▫ as shown
in fig. The ordinates of trapezoidal and triangular loads=qLx/2.

Fig:1 Two-way slab Loading

Applications of loads on model

Table 6 – Applications of loads on model

a) Beam loading

Subjected to External Wall with no openings = 15.26 KN/m

Subjected to External Wall with openings= 10.682 KN/m

Subjected to Internal/Partition wall with no openings= 7.602 KN/m

Subjected to Internal /Partition wall with openings= 5.321 KN/m

14
 Subjected to Staircase loading= 22.72 KN/m

Subjected to Parapet = 2.44 KN/m

Imposed Load (LL)

The imposed loads on the structural system are taken from IS 875(part2)-1987 for
Residential/Commercial building.

Assessment of unit Live Loads

Residential (Dwelling
Type of Building = Houses)

(IS875(II)-1987; Table 1) Clause 3.1

All Rooms and Kitchens 2 KN/m2

Toilet and Bathrooms 2

Passage, Staircase 3

Balconies 3

Living Rooms, Bed Rooms 2

Roof Access Provided 1.5

Note-1: While applying the loads on structural model rounding values are used
for simplicity Note-2: Point load consideration is ignored as the slab has sufficient
rigidity to spread the concentrated load; IS875 (II) Clause 3.1

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 10/9/2017

Lateral Load Calculation (Earthquake Load)

According to IS 1893-2002, Kathmandu lies on the zone V. Hence, the effect

of the earthquake is predominant than the wind load. So, the frame is analysed
for the EQ as lateral load. Among the methods of seismic analysis Seismic
Coefficient Method defined in clause 10.1
NBC 105:1994 and equivalent IS 1893-2002 clauses 6.4.2 is used to
calculate seismic coefficient. And hence lateral loads are determined

Assessment of Seismic Loading

Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2002 (Part 1 of 2)

Load Type Direction Eccentricity Ecc. Period Method Ct Top Bottom Z Type
Pattern % Overridden m Story Story
EQX Seismic X No Program Calculated Story4 Story1 Per Code
EQX Seismic X + Ecc. Y 5 No Program Calculated Story4 Story1 Per Code
EQX Seismic X - Ecc. Y 5 No Program Calculated Story4 Story1 Per Code
EQY Seismic Y No Program Calculated Story4 Story1 Per Code
EQY Seismic Y + Ecc. X 5 No Program Calculated Story4 Story1 Per Code
EQY Seismic Y - Ecc. X 5 No Program Calculated Story4 Story1 Per Code

Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2002 (Part 2 of 2)

Z Soil I R Period Coef Weight Base
Type Used Used Used Shear
sec kN kN
0.36 III 1 5 0.481 0.09 1244.8211 112.0339
0.36 III 1 5 0.481 0.09 1244.8211 112.0339
0.36 III 1 5 0.481 0.09 1244.8211 112.0339
0.36 III 1 5 0.465 0.09 1244.8211 112.0339
0.36 III 1 5 0.465 0.09 1244.8211 112.0339
0.36 III 1 5 0.465 0.09 1244.8211 112.0339

Page 16 of 43
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IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load
pattern EQX according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]
Site Type [IS Table 1] = III

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient,

Sa /g [IS 6.4.5]

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]

Calculated Base Shear

Direction Period Used W Vb

(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.481 1244.8211 112.0339
X + Ecc. Y 0.481 1244.8211 112.0339
X - Ecc. Y 0.481 1244.8211 112.0339

Applied Story Forces

Page 17 of 43
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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story 14.224 0 0
5
Story 11.3792 51.7618 0
4
Story 8.5344 48.2462 0
3
Story 5.6896 12.0259 0
2
Story 2.8448 0 0
1
Base 0 0 0

Page 18 of 43
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IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load
pattern EQY according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]
Site Type [IS Table 1] = III

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient,

Sa /g [IS 6.4.5]

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]

Calculated Base Shear

Directio Period Used W Vb

n (sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.465 1244.82 112.0339
11
Y + Ecc. 0.465 1244.82 112.0339
X 11
Y - Ecc. 0.465 1244.82 112.0339
X 11

Applied Story Forces

Page 19 of 43
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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story5 14.224 0 0
Story4 11.3792 0 51.7618
Story3 8.5344 0 48.2462
Story2 5.6896 0 12.0259
Story1 2.8448 0 0
Base 0 0 0

Page 20 of 43
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Load Cases

Name Type
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
Other Dead (Wall) Linear Static
Other Dead (Stair) Linear Static
EQX Linear Static
EQY Linear Static

Load Combinations

The load combinations are based on NBC105:1994, clause 4.4 for Limit
state design method.
The following load combinations are used during analysis.

Name Load Case/Combo Scale Type Auto

Factor
Comb1 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
Comb1 Live 1.5 No
Comb1 Other Dead (Wall) 1.5 No
Comb1 Other Dead (Stair) 1.5 No
Comb2 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
Comb2 Live 1.2 No
Comb2 Other Dead (Wall) 1.2 No
Comb2 Other Dead (Stair) 1.2 No
Comb2 EQX 1.2 No
Comb3 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
Comb3 Live 1.2 No
Comb3 Other Dead (Wall) 1.2 No
Comb3 Other Dead (Stair) 1.2 No
Comb3 EQX -1.2 No
Comb4 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
Comb4 Live 1.2 No
Comb4 Other Dead (Wall) 1.2 No
Comb4 Other Dead (Stair) 1.2 No
Comb4 EQY 1.2 No
Comb5 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
Comb5 Live 1.2 No
Comb5 Other Dead (Wall) 1.2 No
Comb5 Other Dead (Stair) 1.2 No
Comb5 EQY -1.2 No
Comb6 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
Comb6 EQX 1.5 No
Comb6 Other Dead (Wall) 1.5 No
Comb6 Other Dead (Stair) 1.5 No
Comb7 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
Comb7 EQX -1.5 No
Comb7 Other Dead (Wall) 1.5 No
Comb7 Other Dead (Stair) 1.5 No
Comb8 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
Comb8 EQY 1.5 No
Comb8 Other Dead (Wall) 1.5 No
Comb8 Other Dead (Stair) 1.5 No
Comb9 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No

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Comb9 EQY -1.5 No

Comb9 Other Dead (Wall) 1.5 No
Comb9 Other Dead (Stair) 1.5 No
Comb10 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
Comb10 EQX 1.5 No
Comb10 Other Dead (Wall) 0.9 No
Comb10 Other Dead (Stair) 0.9 No
Comb11 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
Comb11 EQX -1.5 No
Comb11 Other Dead (Wall) 0.9 No
Comb11 Other Dead (Stair) 0.9 No
Comb12 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
Comb12 EQY 1.5 No
Comb12 Other Dead (Wall) 0.9 No
Comb12 Other Dead (Stair) 0.9 No
Comb13 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
Comb13 EQY -1.5 No
Comb13 Other Dead (Wall) 0.9 No
Comb13 Other Dead (Stair) 0.9 No

22
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3.1.2 Analysis Preparation

Sections Forces

Typical analysis forces of beam/column and slab are presented below. All the
beam/column forces are presented in ANNEX-II

Fig:5 Direction of forces in Beam Fig:6 Direction of Forces in

Column

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3.2 Design Outputs

Preliminary designed sections are provided and the structure is checked for
different load
combinations. The detail check and pass of all the message is shown.

3.2.1 ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design [column]

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Critical section [ story 3, column C13, Combo 9 ]

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story3 C13 186 C 12 x 12 Comb9 0 2844.8 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 60.1 28.1

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
166.8361 -48.9786 23.5363 3.3367 3.3367 1360 1.46

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 1 2540 9.4145 0 3.3367
Minor Bend(M2) 0.827007 2540 -19.5914 0 3.3367

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Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 19.491 56.7027 29.8337 0 337.85
Minor, Vu3 37.8106 56.6917 29.8337 36.0739 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear

Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 13.6 1346.1018 289.0824 166.8361 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 1 of 2)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.893 304.8 8.333 12 No
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.893 304.8 6.892 12 No

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 2 of 2)

Ma
Moment (kN-m)
0
0

Column Design Summary

S. Column Label Size of Reinforcemen Remarks

N Number Column t Detailing
o.
1
C13 12 x 12 Ø 20 – 4
Ø 16 – 4

2 All except C13 12 x 12 Ø 16 – 8

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3.2.2 ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design [beam]

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)

Critical Section [Beam B39, Story 2 ]

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B39 46 B 9 x 12 envelope 4267.2 4724.4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 304.8 228.6 0 63.5 63.5

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored

Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-63.3108 3.9708 83.512 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative

Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-63.3108 5.4502 0 -68.7609

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, M u3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required

-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -68.7609 849 0 849 212
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 651 0 651 212

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Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
114.3804 39.975 103.3268 39.2192 1186.6

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
4.1321 82.1852 121.6 197.8 936.61

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Beam Design Summary

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4 STAIRCASE DESIGN
Design of Dog-Legged Staircase
Floor height = 2844.79 mm
Tread (T) = 279 mm
Riser ® = 180 mm
Length of Staicase c/c = 4216 mm
Width of Staircase = 2845 mm
Width of Landing = 2745 mm
Live Load (LL) = 3 KN/m2
Finishes Load (FL) = 0.25 KN/m2
Assume the stairs to be suppoted on 230 mm thick masonary walls at the outer edge of
landing, parallel to the risers.
Grade of Concete = M20 Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3
Steel = Fe 415
Exposure condition = Mild exposure

No. of Stairs = 16
Slopping distance of Stairs = 332 mm
Length of Landing = 1132 mm 2109
Length of Going = 1953 mm

Assume waist slab thickness (l/20) = 210.8 mm

Adopt waist slab thickness = 200 mm
Assume clear cover (mild exposure) = 20 mm
Main bar dia. = 12 mm
Effective thickness (d) = 174 mm
The slab thickness in the landing regions may be taken low , as the bending moments are
relatively low here.
Landing thickness = 150 mm

Load Calculation
Loads on Going
self-weight of waist slab = 5.95 KN/m2
self-weight of steps = 2.25 KN/m2
finishes = 0.25 KN/m2
live load = 3 KN/m2
Sum = 11.45 KN/m2
Factored Load = 17.18 KN/m2
Loads on Landing
self-weight of waist slab = 3.75 KN/m2
finishes = 0.25 KN/m2
live load = 3 KN/m2
Sum = 7 KN/m2
Factored Load = 10.5 KN/m2

Total factored load to be applied uniformly on Beam

22.72 KN/m

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Design Moment

Reaction, R = 28.663 KM/m

Maximum Moment @ mid span, Mu = 33.911 KNm/m

Main Reinforcement

= 1.121 Mpa

fck = 20 Mpa
fy = 415 Mpa

We have,

= 0.003336
This value can also be obtained from design aids Table 3(a)

= 581 mm2/m

Required Spacing of 10 ɸ bars

= 135 mm

Required Spacing of 10 ɸ bars

= 135 mm

Provide 10 ɸ bars @ 135 c/c

Distributors

= 240 mm2/m

Required Spacing of 8 ɸ bars

= 209 mm

Provide 8 ɸ bars @ 209 c/c

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5 SLAB DESIGN

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5.1

6 FOUNDATION DESIGN
6.1 General
Foundation are the structural element that individual columns to the
earth. The scope excessive settlement, rotation, differential /overturning
of foundation, transfer the loads from the building or of foundation
design is to consider the settlement and safety against sliding

6.1.1 Types of Footings

a)Isolated Footing: used for single column and may have square
rectangular or circular shapes
b)Strip Footing: Wall footing
c)Combined footing: supports two or more columns
d)Raft/Mat foundation: Support all columns. Used when soil bearing
capacity is low and sum of individual footing area is more than 50% of
plinth area.
e) Pile/Well foundations: minimum three piles are capped to
support the structures. Well foundations are used in bridge
foundations.
Selection of footings is made from experience but for economical
foundations following factors governs the major.
- Bearing capacity of soil and N-values of SPT
- Permissible differential settlement
- Soil strata
- Type of structures and loadings on them

6.1.2 Bearing Capacity of soil

The total load per unit area under the footing must be less than permissible
bearing capacity of the soil. Foundations must be designed to resist vertical
loads, horizontal loads and moments. Typical net bearing capacity of different
soil types are described below.
Rock: 3300KN/m2 to 450 KN/m2
Non-cohesive soil: 450 KN/m2 to 100 KN/m2
Cohesive soil: 450 KN/m2 to 50 KN/m2.
Here the safe bearing capacity adopted is a minimum 150KN/m2 for the
proposed site.

6.1.3 Depth of Foundation

Factors
-Seasonal weather change e.g. erosion and
movement of upper soil -Lateral earth pressure
required to resist horizontal loads. -safe bearing
capacity
Minimum depth of foundation = p/γ [(1-sinΦ)/ (1+sinΦ)] ²
Φ=angle of repose of soil, p= gross bearing capacity, γ
= density of soil However minimum depth of 500mm is
mandatory.
Here the depth of foundation adopted is a minimum of 1 m from the
existing ground level.

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6.2 Analysis and Design of Foundation

The reaction forces are obtained from ETABS analysis and the
corresponding designs are made manually with the help of EXCEL template
following the criterion of IS: 456-2000.

Here the safe bearing capacity is taken on the basis of categorization of

site soil and peripheral geographical/hydrological features. Experiences
with similar soil type and location as the determination of proper value
is out of the scope of this report. The design parameters are shown in
below and corresponding drawing are also attached in structural
drawing section of the architectural report.

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7 CONCLUSION
The purpose of this building is mainly residential as well as small scale of
commercial with limited resources. Hence due to high cost of soil
investigation actual borehole site exploration and the determination of
bearing capacity of soil is omitted and adopted with the experience and
visual inspection of site and local possibilities. The frame system analysis is
made with an well powered software ETABS V16.0.3.Attempts are made to
economise and simplified the construction ensuring earthquake safety and
adopting common materials, common sections, and schedules. Design
process is interactive process of selecting frames and checking for loads
considered. Final safe checked and passed model with possible minimum
sizes of frame members and minimum reinforcement is adopted. However
this design is safe against earthquake no doubly, however more iteration are
avoided in selection of members which make a little costly but not more
than 10%.
Foundations and Slabs are designed manually with the help of excel- design
templates made on the basis of IS 456:2000.Client is suggested to employ
supervisor in the construction periods to ensure the quality control of
works/materials within a limit.

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8 REFERENCES
8.1 Books and Journals
1) Jain Ashok K- Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, Nem Chand &
Bros, Roorkee, 7th Edition 2012
2) Punmia Dr. B.C, Jain Er. Ashok Kumar, Jain Dr. Arun K – R.C.C. Designs,
Laxmi Publicatoins (P) Ltd. 10th Edition 2006.
3) Pillai S Unnikrishna, Menon Devdas- Reinforced Concrete Design, Tata
Mc Graw Hill, 3rd Edition 2012.
4) Agrawal Pankaj, Shrikhande Manish- Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures, PHI learning (P) Ltd. 2016.
5) Clougn R W, Penzin J- Dynamics of Structures, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd
Edition 1994.
6) Suwal Rajan- Design of RCC Structures, 1st Edition 2010

8.2 Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) I S 1893-2003 -Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
5) I S 13920-1993 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete
Structures subjected to Seismic forces
6) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for
Buildings and Structures Part 1- Dead
Loads
Part 2- Imposed Loads
7) NBC 105 :1994- Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
8) NBC 108 :1994- Site Consideration for Seismic Hazards
9) NBC 201 :1994 - Mandatory Rules of Thumb Reinforced Concrete Buildings
with Masonry Infill

8.3 Tools
CSI-ETABS V.16.0.3: The frame analysis and design of this building is made
with CSI-ETABS software choosing the integrated IS codes of standards. The
innovative and revolutionary ETABS is the ultimate integrated software
package for the structural analysis and design of buildings. Incorporating 40
years of continuous research and development, this latest ETABS offers
unmatched 3D object based modelling and visualization tools, blazingly fast
linear and nonlinear analytical power, sophisticated and comprehensive
design capabilities for a wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic
displays, reports, and schematic drawings that allow users to quickly and
easily decipher and understand analysis and design results. The entire
building structure was analyzed for gravity (including P-Delta analysis), wind,
and seismic loadings utilizing ETABS version 16.0.3, from Computers and
Structures, Inc (CSI). Major success story of software are shortly explained
below.
- ETABS is used in the structural design of the Burj Dubai in the United
Arab. The Burj Dubai
Tower is the world’s tallest structure, passing all previous height records. The
entire building structure was analyzed for gravity (including P-Delta analysis),

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wind, and seismic loadings utilizing ETABS version 8.4, from Computers and
Structures, Inc (CSI).
- ETABS is used in the design of the new Museum for African Art on Fifth
Avenue in New York
City

Microsoft Office Excel Templates: The Design of Foundations and Slabs are
made with Excel-Template prepared by myself. The so prepared design
templates are based on IS 456:2000 - Code of Practice for Plain and
Reinforced Concrete.

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