POLITICAL LAW

I-

1. What do you mean by the "Calling-out Power" of the President under Section 18, Article VII of the
Constitution? 5%
2. On February 24, 2006, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo issued Proclamation No.1017 declaring a
state of national emergency. Is this Proclamation constitutional? Explain. 2.5%
3. During the effectivity of this Proclamation, Gener, Lito, and Bong were arrested by the police for
acts of terrorism. Is the arrest legal? Explain. 2.5%

- II -

The Samahan Ng Mga Mahihirap (SM) filed with the Office of the City Mayor" of Manila an application for
a permit to hold a rally on Mendiola Street on September 5, 2006 from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. to protest
the political killings of journalists. However, the City Mayor denied their application on the ground that a
rally at the time and place applied for will block the traffic in the San Miguel and Quiapo Districts. He
suggested the Liwasang Bonifacio, which has been designated a Freedom Park, as venue for the rally.

1. Does the SM have a remedy to contest the denial of its application for a permit? 2.5%
2. How should a wage distortion be settled?
3. Does the availability of a Freedom Park justify the denial of SM's application for a permit? 2.5%
4. Assuming that despite the denial of SM's application for a permit, its members hold a rally,
prompting the police to arrest them. '- Are the arrests without judicial warrants lawful? 2.5%

- III -

The President issued Proclamation No.1018 placing the Philippines under Martial Law on the ground that a
rebellion staged by lawless elements is endangering the public safety .Pursuant to the Proclamation,
suspected rebels were arrested and detained and military tribunals were set up to try them. Robert dela
Cruz, a citizen, filed with the Supreme Court a petition questioning the validity of Proclamation No.1018.

1. Does Robert have a standing to challenge Proclamation No.1018? Explain. 2.5%

2. In the same suit, the Solicitor General contends that under the Constitution, the President as
Commander-in-Chief, determines whether the exigency has arisen requiring the exercise of his
power to declare Martial Law and that his determination is conclusive upon the courts. How should
the Supreme Court rule? 2.5%
3. The Solicitor General argues that, in any event, the determination of whether the rebellion poses
dangers to public safety involves a question of fact and the Supreme Court is not a trier of facts.
What should be the ruling of the Court? 2.5%
4. Finally, the Solicitor General maintains that the President reported to Congress such proclamation
of Martial Law, but Congress did not revoke the proclamation. What is the effect of the inaction of
Congress on the suit brought by Robert to the Supreme Court? 2.5%

- IV -

State whether or not the following laws are constitutional. Explain briefly.

1. A law prohibiting Chinese citizens from engaging in retail trade. 2%

2. A law denying persons charged with crimes punishable by reclusion perpetua or death the right to
bail. 2%
3. A law fixing the terms of local elective officials, other than barangay officials, to 6 years. 2%
4. A law changing the design of the Philippine flag. 2%
5. A law creating a state corporation to exploit, develop, and utilize compressed natural gas. 2%
-V-

1. What is the function of the Senate Electoral Tribunal and the House of Representatives Electoral
Tribunal? 2.5%
2. What is the composition of each? 2.5%
3. Differentiate an election protest from an action for quo warranto. 2.5%
4. What is a quasi-judicial body or agency? 2.5%

- VI -

1. a) What is the principal identifying feature of a presidential form of government? Explain. 2.5%

b) What are the essential characteristics of a parliamentary form of government? 2.5%

2. What Constitutional provisions institutionalize the principle of civilian supremacy? 2.5%
3. Does a Permit to Carry Firearm Outside Residence (PTCFOR) constitute a property right protected
by the Constitution? 2.5%

- VII -

Select the best answer and explain.

1. An accused's right against self-incrimination is violated in the following cases: 5%

a. When he is ordered by the trial court to undergo a paraffin test to prove he is guilty of
murder;
b. When he is compelled to produce his bankbooks to be used as evidence against his father
charged with plunder;
c. When he is ordered to produce a sample of his handwriting to be used as evidence that he
is the author of a letter wherein he agreed to kill the victim;
d. When the president of a corporation is subpoenaed to produce certain documents as
proofs he is guilty of illegal recruitment.
2. The legislature may abolish this body: 5%
a. Commission on Appointments
b. Ombudsman
c. Judicial and Bar Council
d. Court of Tax Appeals
e. Commission on Audit

- VIII -

1. Atty. Emily Go, a legitimate daughter of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother, was born in 1945.
At 21, she elected Philippine citizenship and studied law. She passed the bar examinations and
engaged in private practice for many years. The Judicial and Bar Council nominated her as a
candidate for the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. But her nomination is being
contested by Atty .Juris Castillo, also an aspirant to the position. She claims that Atty. Emily Go is not
a natural-born citizen, hence, not qualified to be appointed to the Supreme Court. Is this
contention correct? 5%
2. Atty. Richard Chua was born in 1964. He is a legitimate son of a Chinese father and a Filipino
mother. His father became a naturalized Filipino citizen when Atty .Chua was still a minor .
Eventually, he studied law and was allowed by the Supreme Court to take the bar examinations,
subject to his submission to the Supreme Court proof of his Philippine citizenship. Although he never
complied with such requirement, Atty. Chua practiced law for many years until one Noel Eugenio
filed with the Supreme Court a complaint for disbarment against him on the ground that he is not a
Filipino citizen. He then filed with the Bureau of Immigration an affidavit electing Philippine
citizenship. Noel contested it claiming it was filed many years after Atty. Chua reached the age of
majority. Will Atty. Chua be disbarred? Explain. 5%
- IX -

1. Where is the seat of the International Court of Justice? 1%

2. How many are its members? 1 %
3. What is the term of their office? 1 %
4. Who is its incumbent president? 1 %
5. What is his/her nationality? 1 %
6. In 1980, the United States filed with the International Court of Justice a complaint against Iran
alleging that the latter is detaining American diplomats in violation of International Law. Explain
how the International Court of Justice can acquire jurisdiction over these contending countries. 5%

-X-

1. How is state sovereignty defined in International Law? 2.5%

2. Is state sovereignty absolute? 2.5%
3. What is the principle of auto-limitation? 2.5%
4. What is the relationship between reciprocity and the principle of auto-limitation? 2.5%

NOTHING FOLLOWS.

LABOR LAW

-I-

1. What is the purpose of labor legislation? 2.5%

2. What is the concept of liberal approach in interpreting the Labor Code and its Implementing Rules
and Regulations in favor of labor? 2.5%
3. What property right is conferred upon an employee once there is an employer-employee
relationship? Discuss briefly. 5%

- II -

Wonder Travel and Tours Agency (WTTA) is a well known travel agency and an authorized sales agent of
the Philippine Air Lines. Since majority of its passengers are overseas workers, WTTA applied for a license for
recruitment and placement activities. It stated in i.ts application that its purpose is not for profit but to help
Filipinos find employment abroad.

Should the application be approved? 5%

- III -

Can an overseas worker refuse to remit his earnings to his dependents and deposit the same in the
country where he works to gain more interests? Explain. 5%

- IV -

For humanitarian reasons, a bank hired several handicapped workers to count and sort out currencies.
Their employment contract was for six (6) months. The bank terminated their employment on the ground
that their contract has expired prompting them to file with the Labor Arbiter a complaint for illegal
dismissal. Will their action prosper? 5%

-V-
Can an employer and an employee enter into an agreement reducing or increasing the minimum
percentage provided for night differential pay, overtime pay, and premium pay? 5%

- VI -

1. When is there a wage distortion ?

2. How should a wage distortion be settled?
3. Can the issue of wage distortion be raised in a notice of strike?Explain. 10%

- VII -

Inday was employed by Herrera Home Improvements, Inc. (Herrera Home) as interior decorator. During
the first year of her employment, she did not report for work for one month. Hence, her employer
dismissed her from the service. She filed with the Labor Arbiter a complaint for illegal dismissal alleging she
did not abandon her work and that in terminating her employment, Herrera Home deprived her of her
right to due process. She thus prayed that she be reinstated to her position.

Inday hired you as her counsel. In preparing the position paper to be submitted to the Labor Arbiter,
explain the standards of due process which should have been observed by Herrera Home in terminating
your client's employment. 5%

- VIII -

The modes of determining an exclusive bargaining agreement are:

a. voluntary recognition
b. certification election
c. consent election

Explain briefly how they differ from one another. 5%

- IX -

Armstrong Corporation, a foreign corporation, intends to engage in the exploration of Philippine natural
resources. Mr. Antonio Reyes offered the forest land he owns to the president of the corporation. May
Armstrong Corporation enter into a financial and technical assistance agreement (FTAA) with Mr. Reyes to
explore, develop, and utilize the land? Explain. 5%

-X-

ABC Tomato Corporation, owned and managed by three (3) elderly brothers and two (2) sisters, has been
in business for 40 years. Due to serious business losses and financial reverses during the last five (5) years,
they decided to close the business.

1. As counsel for the corporation, what steps will you take prior to its closure? 2.5%
2. Are the employees entitled to separation pay? 2.5%

If the reason for the closure is due to old age of the brothers and sisters:

1. Is the closure allowed by law? 2.5%

2. Are the employees entitled to separation benefits? 2.5%

- XI -
As a result of bargaining deadlock between ROSE Corporation and ROSE Employees Union, its members
staged a strike. During the strike, several employees committed illegal acts. The company refused to give
in to the union's demands. Eventually, its members informed the company of their intention to return to
work. 10%

1. Can ROSE Corporation refuse to admit all the strikers?

2. Assuming the company admits all the strikers, can it later on dismiss those employees who
committed illegal acts?
3. If due to the prolonged strike, ROSE Corporation hired replacements, can it refuse to admit the
replaced strikers?

- XII -

During their probationary employment, eight (8) employees were berated and insulted by their supervisor.
In protest, they walked out. The supervisor shouted at them to go home and never to report back to work.
Later, the personnel manager required them to explain why they should not be dismissed from
employment for abandonment and failure to qualify for the positions applied for . They filed a complaint
for illegal dismissal against their employer.

As a Labor Arbiter, how will you resolve the case? 10%

- XIII -

1. Can a "no-union" win in a certification election? 2.5%

2. When does a "run-off" election occur? 2.5%

- XIV -

Determine whether the following minors should be prohibited from being hired and from performing their
respective duties indicated hereunder: 5%

1. A 17-year old boy working as a miner at the Walwaldi Mining Corporation.

2. An 11-year old boy who is an accomplished singer and performer in different parts of the country.
3. A 15-year old girl working as a library assistant in a girls' high school.
4. A 16-year old girl working as a model promoting alcoholic beverages.
5. A 17-year old boy working as a dealer in a casino.

- XV -

As a condition for her employment, Josephine signed an agreement with her employer that she will not
get married, otherwise, she will be considered resigned or separated from the service.

Josephine got married. She asked Owen, the personnel manager, if the company can reconsider the
agreement. He told Josephine he can do something about it, insinuating some sexual favors. She
complained to higher authorities but to no avail. She hires you as her counsel. What action or actions will
you take? Explain. 5%
TAXATION

I-

1. Enumerate the 3 stages or aspects of taxation. Explain each. 5%

2. Distinguish "direct taxes" from "Indirect taxes". Give examples. 5%

- II -

What is tax pyramiding? What is its basis in law? 5%

- III -

What properties are exempt from the real property tax? 5%

- IV -

Royal Mining is a VAT -registered domestic mining entity. One of its products is silver being sold to
the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. It filed a claim with the BIR for tax refund on the ground that under Section
106 of the Tax Code, sales of precious metals to the Bangko Sentral are considered export sales subject to
zero-rated VAT.

Is Royal Mining's claim meritorious? Explain. 5%

-V-

Vanishing deduction is availed of by taxpayers to:

a. correct his accounting records to reflect the actual deductions mad

b. reduce his gross income
c. reduce his output value-added tax liability
d. reduce his gross estate

Choose the correct answer. Explain. 5%

1. The Constitution provides "charitable institutions, churches, parsonages or convents appurtenant

thereto, mosques, and non- profit cemeteries and all lands, buildings, and improvements actually,
directly and exclusively used for religious, charitable or educational purposes shall be exempt from
taxation." This provision exempts charitable institutions and religious institutions from what kind of
taxes? Choose the best answer. Explain. 5%
a. from all kinds of taxes, i.e., income, VAT, customs duties, local taxes and real property tax
b. from income tax only
c. from value-added tax only
d. from real property tax only
e. from capital gains tax only

- VI -

Congress enacts a law granting grade school and high school students a 10% discount on all school-
prescribed textbooks purchased from any bookstore. The law allows bookstores to claim in full the
discount as a tax credit.

1. If in a taxable year a bookstore has no tax due on which to apply the tax credits, can the
bookstore claim from the BIR a tax refund in lieu of tax credit? Explain. 2.5%
 2. Can the BIR require the bookstores to deduct the amount of the discount from their gross income?
Explain. 2.5%
3. If a bookstore closes its business due to losses without being able to recoup the discount, can it
claim reimbursement of the discount from the government on the ground that without such
reimbursement, the law constitutes taking of private property for public use without just
compensation? Explain. 5%

- VII -

Congress enacts a law imposing a 5% tax on the gross receipts of common carriers. The law does not
define the term "gross receipts". Express Transport, Inc., a bus company plying the Manila- Baguio route,
has time deposits with ABC Bank. In 2005, Express Transport earned P1 Million interest, after deducting the
20% final withholding tax from its time deposits with the bank. The BIR wants to collect a 5% gross receipts
tax on the interest income of Express Transport without deducting the 20% final withholding tax. Is the BIR
correct? Explain. 5%

- VIII -

On June 1, 2003, Global Bank received a final notice of assessment from the BIR for deficiency
documentary stamp tax in the amount of P5 Million. On June 30, 2003, Global Bank filed a request for
reconsideration with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The Commissioner denied the request for
reconsideration only on May 30, 2006, at the same time serving on Global Bank a warrant of distraint to
collect the deficiency tax. If you were its counsel, what will be your advice to the bank? Explain. 5%

- IX -

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue issued an assessment for deficiency income tax for taxable year
2000 last July 31, 2006 in the amount of P10 Million inclusive of surcharge and interests. If the delinquent
taxpayer is your client, what steps will you take? What is your defense? 10%

-X-

The Collector of Customs issued an assessment for unpaid customs duties and taxes on the importation of
your client in the amount of P980,000.00. Where will you file your case to protect your client's right?
Choose the correct courts/agencies, observing their proper hierarchy. 5%

1. Court of Tax Appeals

2. Collector of Customs
3. Commissioner of Customs
4. Regional Trial Court
5. Metropolitan Trial Court
6. Court of Appeals
7. Supreme Court

- XI -

Charlie, a widower, has two sons by his previous marriage. Charlie lives with Jane who is legally married to
Mario. They have a child named Jill. The children are all minors and not gainfully employed.

1. How much personal exemption can Charlie claim? Explain. 2.5%

2. How much additional exemption can Charlie claim? Explain. 2.5%

- XII -
Mr. Abraham Eugenio, a pawnshop operator, after having been required by the Revenue District Officer
to pay value added tax pursuant to a Revenue Memorandum Order (RMO) of the Commission.er of
Internal Revenue, filed with the Regional Trial Court an action questioning the validity of the RMO.

If you were the judge, will you dismiss the case? 5%

- XIII -

Gerry was being prosecuted by the BIR for failure to pay his income tax liability for Calendar Year 1999
despite several demands by the BIR in 2002. The Information was filed with the RTC only last June 2006.
Gerry filed a motion to quash the Information on the ground of prescription, the Information having beer.
filed beyond the 5-year reglementary period.

If you were the judge, will you dismiss the Information? Why? 5%

- XIV -

Gold and Silver Corporation gave extra 14th month bonus to all its officials and employees in the total
amount of P75 Million. When it filed its corporate income tax return the following year, the corporation
declared a net operating loss. When the income tax return of the corporation was reviewed by the BIR
the following year, it disallowed as item of deduction the P75 Million bonus the corporation gave its
officials and employees on the ground of unreasonableness. The corporation claimed that the bonus is an
ordinary and necessary expense that should be allowed.

If you were the BIR Commissioner, how will you resolve the issue? 5%

- XV -

Lily's Fashion, Inc. is a garment manufacturer located and registered as a Subic Bay Freeport Enterprise
under Republic Act No. 7227 and a non-VAT taxpayer. As such, it is exempt from payment of all local and
national internal revenue taxes. During its operations, it purchased various supplies and materials
necessary in the conduct of its manufacturing business. The suppliers of these goods shifted to Lily's
Fashion, Inc. the 10% VAT on the purchased items amounting to PS00,000.00. Lily's Fashion, Inc. filed with
the BIR a claim for refund for 'the input tax shifted to it by the suppliers.

If you were the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, will you allow the refund? 5%

- XVI -

Quezon City published on January 30, 2006 a list of delinquent real property taxpayers in 2 newspapers of
general circulation and posted this in the main lobby of the City Hall. The notice requires all owners of real
properties in the list to pay the real property tax due within 30 days from the date of publication, otherwise
the properties listed shall be sold at public auction.

Joachin is one of those named in the list. He purchased a real property in 1996 but failed to register the
document of sale with the Register of Deeds and secure a new real property tax declaration in his name.
He alleged that the auction sale of his property is void for lack of due process considering that the City
Treasurer did not send him personal notice. For his part, the City Treasurer maintains that the publication
and posting of notice are sufficient compliance with the requirements of the law.

1. If you were the judge, how will you resolve this issue? 2.5%
2. Assuming Joachin is a registered owner, will your answer be the same? 2.5%

NOTHING FOLLOWS.
CIVIL LAW

I-

Under Article 213 of the Family Code, no child under 7 years of age shall be separated from the mother
unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise.

1. Explain the rationale of this provision. 2.5%

2. Give at least 3 examples of "compelling reasons" which justify the taking away from the mother's
custody of her child under 7 years of age. 2.5%

- II -

Saul, a married man, had an adulterous relation with Tessie. In one of the trysts, Saul's wife, Cecile, caught
them in flagrante. Armed with a gun, Cecile shot Saul in a fit of extreme jealousy, nearly kiiling him. Four (
4) years after the incident, Saul filed an action for legal separation against Cecile on the ground that she
attempted to kill him.

1. If you were Saul's counsel, how will you argue his case? 2.5%
2. If you were the lawyer of Cecile, what will be your defense? 2.5%
3. If you were the judge, how will you decide the case? 5%

- III -

Ed and Beth have been married for 20 years without children. Desirous to have a baby, they consulted Dr.
Jun Canlas, a prominent medical specialist on human fertility .He advised Beth to undergo artificial
insemination. It was found that Ed's sperm count was inadequate to induce pregnancy. Hence, the
couple looked for a willing donor. Andy, the brother of Ed, readily consented to donate his sperm. After a
series of tests, Andy's sperm was medically introduced into Beth's ovary .She became pregnant and 9
months later, gave birth to a baby boy, named Alvin.

1. Who is the father of Alvin? Explain. 2.5%

2. What are the requirements, if any, in order for Ed to establish his paternity over Alvin. 2.5%

- IV -

Gigi and Ric, Catholics, got married when they were 18 years old. Their marriage was solemnized on
August 2, 1989 by Ric's uncle, a Baptist Minister, in Calamba, Laguna. He overlooked the fact that his
license to solemnize marriage expired the month before and that the parties do not belong to his
congregation. After 5 years of married life and blessed with 2 children, the spouses developed
irreconcilable differences, so they parted ways.

While separated, Ric fell in love with Juliet, a 16 year-old sophomore in a local college and a seventh-Day
Adventist. They decided to get married with the consent of Juliet's parents. She presented to him a birth
certificate showing she is 18 years old. Ric never doubted her age much less the authenticity of her birth
certificate. They got married in a Catholic church in Manila. A year after, Juliet gave birth to twins, Aissa
and Aretha.

1. What is the status of the marriage between Gigi and Ric - valid, voidable or void? Explain. 2.5 %
2. What is the status of the marriage between Ric and Juliet - valid, voidable or void? Explain. 2..5%
3. Suppose Ric himself procured the falsified birth certificate to persuade Juliet to marry him despite
her minority and assured her that everything is in order. He did not divulge to her his prior marriage
with Gigi. What action, if any, can Juliet take against him? Explain. 2.5%
 4. If you were the counsel for Gigi, what action/s will you take to enforce and protect her interests?
Explain. 2.5%

-V-

Spouses Biong and Linda wanted to sell' their house. They found a prospective buyer, Ray. Linda
negotiated with Ray for the sale of the property. They agreed on a fair price of P2 Million. Ray sent Linda
.a letter confirming his intention to buy the property. Later, another couple, Bernie and Elena, offered a
similar house at a lower price of Pl.5 Million. But Ray insisted on buying the house of Biong and Linda for
sentimental reason. Ray prepared a deed of sale to be signed by the couple and a manager's check for
P2 Million. After receiving the P2 Million, Biong signed the deed of sale. However, Linda was not able to
sign it because she was abroad. On her return, she refused to sign the document saying she changed her
mind. Linda filed suit for nullification of the deed of sale and for moral and exemplary damages against
Ray.

1. Will the suit prosper? Explain. 2.5%

2. Does Ray have any cause of action against Biong and Linda? Can he also recover damages from
the spouses? Explain. 2.5%

- VI -

Gemma filed a petition for the declaration of nullity of her marriage with Arnell on the ground of
psychological incapacity .She alleged that after 2 months of their marriage, Arnell showed signs of
disinterest in her, neglected her and went abroad. He returned to the Philippines after 3 years but did not
even get in touch with her. Worse, they met several times in social functions but he snubbed her. When
she got sick, he did not visit her even if he knew of her confinement in the hospital. Meanwhile, Arnell met
an accident which disabled him from reporting for work and earning a living to support himself.

Will Gemma's suit prosper? Explain. 5%

- VII -

Marvin, a Filipino, and Shelley, an American, both residents of California, decided to get married in their
local parish. Two years after their marriage, Shelley obtained a divorce in California. While in Boracay,
Marvin met Manel, a Filipina, who was vacationing there. Marvin fell in love with her. After a brief,
courtship and complying with all the requirements, they got married in Hongkong to avoid publicity, it
being Marvin's second marriage. Is his marriage to Manel valid? Explain. 5%

- VIII -

Alberto and Janine migrated to the United States of America, leaving behind their 4 children, one of
whom is Manny. They own a duplex apartment and allowed Manny to live In one of the units. While in the
United States, Alberta died. His widow and all his children executed an Extrajudicial Settlement of Alberto's
estate wherein the 2-door apartment was assigned by all the children to their mother, Janine.
Subsequently, she sold the property to George. The latter required Manny to sign a prepared Lease
Contract so that he and his family could continue occupying the unit. Manny refused to sign the contract
alleging that his parents allowed him and his family to continue occupying the premises.

If you were George's counsel, what legal steps will you take? Explain. 5%

- IX -
A drug lord and his family reside in a small bungalow where they sell shabu and other prohibited drugs.
When the police found the illegal trade, they immediately demolished the house because according to
them, it was a nuisance per se that should be abated. Can this demolition be sustained? Explain. 5%

-X-

Don died after executing a Last Will and Testament leaving his estate valued at P12 Million to his common-
Iaw wife Roshelle. He is survived by his brother Ronie and his half-sister Michelle.

1. Was Don's testamentary disposition of his estate in accordance with the law on succession?
Whether you agree or not, explain your answer. 2.5%
2. If Don failed to execute a will during his lifetime, as his lawyer, how will you distribute his estate?
Explain. 2.5%
3. Assuming he died intestate survived by his brother Ronie, his half-sister Michelle, and his legitimate
son Jayson, how will you. distribute his estate? Explain. 2.5%
4. Assuming further he died intestate, survived by his father Juan, his brother Ronie, his half-sister
Michelle, and his legitimate son Jayson, how will you distribute his estate? Explain. 2.5%

- XI -

Spouses Alfredo and Racquel were active members of a religious congregation. They donated a parcel
of land in favor to that congregation in a duly notarized Deed of Donation, subject to the condition that
the Minister shall construct thereon a place of worship within 1 year from the acceptance of the donation.
In an affidavit he executed in behalf of the congregation, the Minister accepted the donation. The Deed
of Donation was not registered with the Registry of Deeds.

However, instead of constructing a place of worship, the Minister constructed a bungalow on the
property he used as his residence. Disappointed with the Minister, the spouses revoked the donation and
demanded that he vacate the premises immediately. But the Minister refused to leave, claiming that
aside from using the bungalow as his residence, he is also using it as a place of worship on special
occasions. Under the circumstances, can Alfredo and Racquel evict the Minister and recover possession
of the property?

If you were the couple's counsel, what action will you take to protect the interests of your clients? 5%

- XII -

Tony bought a Ford Expedition from a car dealer in Muntinlupa City. As payment, Tony issued a check
drawn against his current account with Premium Bank. Since he has a good reputation the car dealer
allowed him to immediately drive home the vehicle merely on his assurance that his check is sufficiently
funded. When the car dealer deposited the check, it was dishonored on the ground of "Account Closed".
After an investigation, it was found that an employee of the bank misplaced Tony's account ledger. Thus,
the bank erroneously assumed that his account no longer exists. Later, it turned out that Tony's account
has more than sufficient funds to cover the check. The dealer however, immediately filed an action for
recovery of possession of the vehicle against Tony for which he was terribly humiliated and embarrassed.
Does Tony have a cause of action against Premium Bank? Explain. 5%

- XIII -

Arturo sold his Pajero to Benjamin for P1 Million. Benjamin took the vehicle but did not register the sale with
the Land Transportation Office. He allowed his son Carlos, a minor who did not have a driver's license, to
drive the car to buy pan de sal in a bakery .On the way, Carlos, driving in a reckless manner, sideswiped
Dennis, then riding a bicycle. As a result, he suffered serious physical injuries. Dennis filed a criminal
complaint against Carlos for reckless imprudence resulting in serious physical injuries.
 1. Can Dennis file an independent civil action against Carlos and his father Benjamin for damages
based on quasi-delict? Explain. 2.5%
2. Assuming Dennis' action is tenable, can Benjamin raise the defense he is not liable because the
vehicle is not registered in his name? Explain. 2.5%

- XIV -

Zirxthoussous delos Santos filed a petition for change of name with the Office of the Civil Registrar of
Mandaluyong City under the administrative proceeding provided in Republic Act No.9048. He alleged
that his first name sounds ridiculous and is extremely difficult to spell and pronounce. After complying with
the requirements of the law, the Civil Registrar granted his petition and changed his first name
Zirxthoussous to "Jesus." His full name now reads "Jesus delos santos."

Jesus delos santos moved to General santos City to work in a multi-national company. There, he fell in love
and married Mary Grace delos santos. She requested him to have his first name changed because his
new name "Jesus delos santos" is the same as that of her father who abandoned her family and became
a notorious drug lord. She wanted to forget him. Hence, Jesus filed another petition with the Office of the
Local Civil Registrar to change his first name to "Roberto." He claimed that the change is warranted
because it will eradicate all vestiges of the infamy of Mary Grace's father.

Will the petition for change of name of Jesus delos Santos to Roberto delos santos under Republic Act
No.9048 prosper? Explain. 10%

- XV -

1. What entries in the Civil Registry may be changed or corrected without a judicial order? 2.5%
2. Mayan illegitimate child, upon adoption by her natural father, use the surname of her natural
mother as her middle name? 2.5%

- XVI -

1. Under Article 2219 of the Civil Code, moral damages may be recovered in the cases specified
therein, several of which are enumerated below.

Choose the case wherein you cannot recover moral damages. Explain. 2.5%

a. A criminal offense resulting in physical injuries

b. Quasi-delicts causing physical injuries
c. Immorality or dishonesty
d. Illegal search
e. Malicious prosecution
2. Article 36 of the Family Code provides that a marriage contracted by any party who, at the time
of the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital
obligations of marriage, shall be void.

Choose the spouse listed below who is psychologically incapacitated. Explain. 2.5%

a. Nagger
b. Gay or lesbian
c. Congenital sexual pervert
d. Gambler
e. Alcoholic
COMMERCIAL LAW

I-

1. What is the doctrine of "piercing the veil of corporate entity?" Explain 2.5%
2. To what circumstances will the doctrine apply? 2.5%
3. What is the minimum and maximum number of incorporators required to incorporate a stock
corporation? is this also the same minimum and maximum number of dicrectors required in a stock
corporation? 2.5%
4. Must all incorporators and directors be residents of the Philippines? 2.5%

- II -

Discuss the legal consequences when a bank honors a forged check. 5%

- III -

Jun was about to leave for a business trip. As his usual practice, he signed several blank checks. He
instructed Ruth, his secretary, to fill them as payment for his obligations. Ruth filled one check with her
name as payee, placed P30,000.00 thereon, endorsed and delivered it to Marie. She accepted the check
in good faith as payment for goods she delivered to Ruth. Eventually, Ruth regretted what she did and
apologized to Jun. Immediately he directed the drawee bank to dishonor the check. When Marie
encashed the check. it was dishonored.

1. Is Jun liable to Marie? 5%

2. Supposing the check was stolen while in Ruth's possession and a thief filled the blank check,
endorsed and delibvered it to Marie in payment for the goods he purchased from her, is Jun liable
to Marie if the check is dishonored? 5%

- IV -

Rudy is jobless but is reputed to be a jueteng operator. He has never been charged or convicted of any
crime. He maintains several bank accounts and has purchased 5 houses and lots for his children from the
Luansing Realty I Inc. Since he does not have any visible job, the company reported his purchases to the
Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC). Thereafter, AMLC charged him with violation of the Anti-Money
Laundering Law. Upon request of the AMLC, the bank disclosed to it Rudy's bank deposits amounting to
P100 Million. Subsequently, he was charged in court for violation of the Anti-Money Laundering Law.

1. Can Rudy move to dismiss the case on the ground that he has no criminal record? 2.5%
2. To raise funds for his defense, Rudy sold the houses and lots to a friend. Can Luansing Realty, Inc.
be compelled to transfer to the buyer ownership of the houses and lots? 2.5%
3. In disclosing Rudy's bank accout:)ts to the AMLC, did the bank violate any law? 2.5%
4. Supposing the titles of the houses and lots are in possession of the Luansing Realty I Inc., is it under
obligation to deliver the titles to Rudy? 2.5%

-V-

The Peninsula Insurance Company offered to insure Francis' brand new car against all risks in the sum of P1
Million for 1 year. The policy was issued with the premium fixed at P60,000.00 payable in 6 months. Francis
only paid the first two months installments. Despite demands, he failed to pay the subsequent installments.
Five months after the issuance of the policy, the vehicle was carnapped. Francis filed with the insurance
company a claim for its value. However, the company denied his claim on the ground that he failed to
pay the premium resulting in the cancellation of the policy.
Can Francis recover from the Peninsula Insurance Company? 5%

- VI -

1. In several policy addresses extensively covered by media since his appointment on December 21,
2005, Chief Justice Artemio V. Panganiban vowed to leave a judiciary characterized by "four Ins"
and to focus in solving the "four ACID" problems that corrode the administration of justice in our
country.

Explain this "four Ins" and "four ACID" problems. 2.5%

2. The Chief Justice also said that the judiciary must "safeguard the liberty" and "nurture the prosperity"
of our people.

Explain this philosophy. Cite Decisions of the Supreme Court implementing each of these twin
beacons of the Chief Justice. 2.5%

- VII -

1. What is a mutual insurance company or association? 2.5%

2. Distinguish between the role of a conservator and that of a receiver of a bank. 2.5%

- VIII -

Pio is the president of Western Bank. His wife applied for a loan with the said bank to finance an internet
cafe. The loan officer told her that her application will not be approved because the grant of loans to
related interests of bank directors, officers, and stockholders is prohibited by the General Banking Law.

Explain whether the loan officer is correct. 5%

- IX -

The Blue Star Corporation filed with the Regional Trial Court a petition for rehabilitation on the ground that
it foresaw the impossibility of paying its obligations as they fall due. Finding the petition sufficient in form
and substance, the court issued an Order appointing a rehabilitation receiver and staying the
enforcement of all claims against the corporation.

What is the rationale for the Stay Order? 5%

-X-

1. What acts or omissions are penalized under the Trust Receipts Law? 2.5%
2. Is lack of intent to defraud a bar to the prosecution of these acts or omissions? 2.5%

- XI -

Under Republic Act No.1405 (The Bank Secrecy Law), bank deposits are considered absolutely
confidential and may not be examined, inquired or looked into by any person, government official,
bureau or office.

What are the exceptions? 5%

- XII -
 1. Is the Securities and Exchange Commission the venue for actions involving intra-corporate
controversies? 2%

- XIII -

Supposing Albert Einstein were alive today and he filed with the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) an
application for patent for his theory of relativity expressed in the formula E=mc2. The IPO disapproved
Einstein's application on the ground that his theory of relativity is not patentable.

Is the IPO's action correct? 5%

- XIV -

In a written legal opinion for a client on the difference between apprenticeship and learnership, Liza
quoted without permission a labor law expert's comment appearing in his book entitled "Annotations on
the Labor Code."

Can the labor law expert hold Liza liable for infringement of copyright for quoting a portion of his book
without his permission? 5%

- XV -

A real estate mortgage may be foreclosed judicially or extrajudicially.

In what instance maya mortgagee extrajudicially foreclose a real estate mortgage? 5%

- XVI -

Pursuant to a writ of execution issued by the Regional Trial Court in "Express Bank v. Don Rubio," the sheriff
levied and sold at public auction 8 photocopying machines of Don Rubio. Is the sheriff's sale covered by
the Bulk Sales Law? 5%

NOTHING FOLLOWS.

CRIMINAL LAW

-I-

Motive is essential in the determination of the commission of a crime and the liabilities of the perpetrators.

What are the instances where proof of motive is not essential or required to justify conviction of an
accused? Give at least 3 instances. 5%

- II -

1. When can a Filipino citizen residing in this country use an alias legally? Give 3 instances. 2.5%
2. Under what situations may a private person enter any dwelling, residence, or other establishments
without being liable for trespass to dwelling? 2.5%

- III -

1. What are the 3 ways of committing arbitrary detention? Explain each. 2.5%
 2. What are the legal grounds for detention? 2.5%
3. When is an arrest by a peace officer or by a private person considered lawful? Explain. 5%

- IV -

1. Enumerate the differences between pardon and amnesty. 2.5%

2. Under Presidential Proclamation No. 724, amending Presidential Proclamation No. 347, certain
crimes are covered by the grant of amnesty. Name at least 5 of these crimes. 2.5%
3. Can former DSWD Secretary Dinky Soliman apply for amnesty? How about columnist Randy David?
(You are supposed to know the crimes or offenses ascribed to them as published in almost all
newspapers for the past several months.) 2.5%
4. General Lim and General Querubin of the Scout Rangers and Philippine Marines, respectively,
were charged with conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman under the Articles of War .
Can they apply for amnesty? 2.5%

-V-

There are at least 7 instances or situations in criminal cases wherein the accused, either as an adult or as a
minor, can apply for and/or be granted a suspended sentence. Enumerate at least 5 of them. 5%

- VI -

1. In 1982, the Philippine National Bank (PNB), then a government banking institution, hired Henry dela
Renta, a CPA, as Regional Bank Auditor. In 1992, he resigned and was employed by the Philippine
Deposit Insurance Corporation (PDIC), another government-owned and controlled corporation. In
1995, after the PNB management unearthed many irregularities and violations of the bank's rules
and regulations, dela Renta was found to have manipulated certain accounts involving trust funds
and time deposits of depositors. After investigation, he was charged with malversation of public
funds before the Sandiganbayan. He filed a motion to dismiss contending he was no longer an
employee of the PNB but of the PDIC.

Is dela Renta's contention tenable? 2.5%

2. After his arraignment, the prosecution filed a motion for his suspension pendente lite, to which he
filed an opposition claiming that he can no longer be suspended as he is no longer an employee
of the PNB but that of the PDIC.

Explain whether he mayor may not be suspended. 2.5%

- VII -

1. While the 5.5. Nagoya Maru was negotiating the sea route from Hongkong towards Manila,
and while still 300 miles from Aparri, Cagayan, its engines malfunctioned. The Captain
ordered the ship to stop for emergency repairs lasting for almost 15 hours. Due to
exhaustion, the officers and crew fell asleep. While the ship was anchored, a motorboat
manned by renegade Ybanags from Claveria, Cagayan, passed by and took advantage
of the situation. They cut the ship's engines and took away several heavy crates of electrical
equipment and loaded them in their motorboat. Then they left hurriedly towards Aparri. At
daybreak, the crew found that a robbery took place. They radioed the Aparri Port
Authorities resulting in the apprehension of the culprits.

What crime was committed? Explain. 2.5%

 2. Supposing that while the robbery was taking place, the culprits stabbed a member of the
crew while sleeping.

What crime was committed? Explain. 2.5%

- VIII -

Commissioner Marian Torres of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) wrote solicitation letters
addressed to the Filipino-Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry and to certain CEOs of
various multinational corporations requesting donations of gifts for her office Christmas party. She
used the Bureau's official stationery. The response was prompt and overwhelming so much so that
Commissioner Torres' office was overcrowded with rice cookers, radio sets, freezers, electric stoves
and toasters. Her staff also received several envelopes containing cash money for the employees'
Christmas luncheon.

Has Commissioner Torres committed any impropriety or irregularity? What laws or decrees did she
violate? 5%

- IX -

Eduardo Quintos, a widower for the past 10 years, felt that his retirement at the age of 70 gave him
the opportunity to engage in his favorite pastime - voyeurism. If not using his high-powered
binoculars to peep at his neighbor's homes and domestic activities, his second choice was to
follow sweet young girls. One day, he trailed a teenage girl up to the LRT station at EDSA-Buendia.
While ascending the stairs, he stayed one step behind her and in a moment of bravado, placed his
hand on her left hip and gently massaged it. She screamed and shouted for help. Eduardo was
arrested and charged with acts of lasciviousness. Is the designation of the crime correct? 5%

-X-

Jaime, Andy and Jimmy, laborers in the noodles factory of Luke Tan, agreed to kill him due to his
arrogance and miserliness. One afternoon, they seized him and loaded him in a taxi driven by
Mario. They told Mario they will only teach Luke a lesson in Christian humility. Mario drove them to a
fishpond in Navotas where Luke was entrusted to Emil and Louie, the fishpond caretakers, asking
them to hide Luke in their shack because he was running from the NBI. The trio then left in Mario's
car for Manila where they called up Luke's family and threatened them to kill Luke unless they give
a ransom within 24 hours. Unknown to them, because of a leak, the kidnapping was announced
over the radio and TV. Emil and Louie heard the broadcast and panicked, especially when the
announcer stated that there is a shoot-to-kill order for the kidnappers. Emil and Louie took Luke to
the seashore of Dagat-dagatan where they smashed his head with a shovel and buried him in the
sand. However, they were seen by a barangay kagawad who arrested them and brought them to
the police station. Upon interrogation, they confessed and pointed to Jaime, Andy, Jimmy and
Mario as those responsible for the kidnapping. Later, the 4 were arrested and charged.

What crime or crimes did the 6 suspects commit? 5%

- XI -

Ana has been a bar girl/GRO at a beer house for more than 2 years. She fell in love with Oniok, the
bartender, who impregnated her. But Ana did not inform him about her condition and, instead,
went home to Cebu to conceal her shame. However, her parents drove her away. So, she
returned to Manila and stayed with Oniok in his boarding house. Upon learning of her pregnancy,
already in an advanced state, Oniok tried to persuade her to undergo an abortion, but she
refused. Because of their constant and bitter quarrels, she suffered birth pangs and gave birth
prematurely to a live baby girl while Oniok was at his place of work. Upon coming home and
learning what happened, he prevailed upon Ana to conceal her dishonor. Hence, they placed
the infant in a shoe box and threw it into a nearby creek. However, an inquisitive neighbor saw
them and with the help of others, retrieved the infant who was already dead from drowning. The
incident was reported to the police who arrested Ana and Oniok. The 2 were charged with
parricide under Article 246 of the Revised Penal Code. After trial, they were convicted of the crime
charged.

Was the conviction correct? 5%

- XII -

Judge Rod Reyes was appointed by former President Fidel Ramos as Deputy Ombudsman for the
Visayas for a term of 7 years commencing on July 5, 1995. Six months thereafter, a lady
stenographer filed with the Office of the Ombudsman a complaint for acts of lasciviousness and
with the Supreme Court a petition for disbarment against him. Forthwith, he filed separate motions
to dismiss the complaint for acts of lasciviousness and petition for disbarment, claiming lack of
jurisdiction over his person and office.

Are both motions meritorious? 5%

- XIII -

Dang was a beauty queen in a university. Job, a rich classmate, was so enamored with her that he
persistently wooed and pursued her. Dang, being in love with another man, rejected him. This
angered Job. Sometime in September 2003, while Dang and her sister Lyn were on their way home,
Job and his minor friend Nonoy grabbed them and pushed them inside a white van. They brought
them in an abandoned warehouse where they forced them to dance naked. Thereafter, they
brought them to a hill in a nearby barangay where they took turns raping them. After satisfying
their lust, Job ordered Nonoy to push Dang down a ravine, resulting in her death. Lyn ran away but
Job and Nonoy chased her and pushed her inside the van. Then the duo drove away. Lyn was
never seen again.

3. What crime or crimes were committed by Job and Nonoy? 2.5%

4. What penalties should be imposed on them? 2.5%
5. Will Nonoy's minority exculpate him? 2.5%
6. Is the non-recovery of Lyn's body material to the criminal 2.5%

- XIV -

In a crime of homicide, the prosecution failed to present any receipt to substantiate the heirs'
claim for an award of actual damages, such as expenses for the wake and burial.

What kind of damages may the trial court award to them and how much? 5%

- XV -

7. <="" p="" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: arial,
verdana; ">

What is that offense? Explain. 2.5%

 During the preliminary investigation and up to the trial proper, Rene and Dante contended
that if they were to be held liable, their liability should be limited only to the newly-cut logs
found in their possession but not to those found outside the gate.

If you were the judge, what will be your ruling? 2.5%

- XVI -

After receiving a reliable information that Dante Ong, a notorious drug smuggler, was arriving on
PAL Flight No. PR 181, PNP Chief Inspector Samuel Gamboa formed a group of anti-drug agents.
When Ong arrived at the airport, the group arrested him and seized his attaché case. Upon
inspection inside the Immigration holding area, the attaché case yielded 5 plastic bags of heroin
weighing 500 grams. Chief Inspector Gamboa took the attaché case and boarded him in an
unmarked car driven by PO3 Pepito Lorbes. On the way to Camp Crame and upon nearing White
Plains corner Edsa, Chief Inspector Gamboa ordered PO3 Lorbes to stop the car. They brought out
the drugs from the case in the trunk and got 3 plastic sacks of heroin. They then told Ong to alight
from the car. Ong left with the 2 remaining plastic sacks of heroin. Chief Inspector Gamboa
advised him to keep silent and go home which the latter did. Unknown to them, an NBI team of
agents had been following them and witnessed the transaction. They arrested Chief Inspector
Gamboa and PO3 Lorbes. Meanwhile, another NBI team followed Ong and likewise arrested him.
All of them were later charged.

What are their respective criminal liabilities? 5%

- XVII -

Aling Maria received an urgent telephone call from Junior, her eldest son, asking for P2,000.00 to
complete his semestral tuition fees preparatory to his final exams in Commerce. Distressed and
disturbed, she borrowed money from her compadre Mang Juan with the assurance to pay him
within 2 months. Two months lapsed but Aling Maria failed to settle her obligation. Mang Juan told
Aling Maria that she does not have to pay the loan if she will allow her youngest 10-year old
daughter Annie to work as a housemaid in his house for 2 months at P1,000.00 a month. Despite
Aling Maria's objection, Mang Juan insisted and brought Annie to his house to work as a maid.

8. Was a crime committed by Mang Juan when he brought Annie to his house as maid for the
purpose of repaying her mother's loan? 2.5%
9. If Aling Maria herself was made to work as a housemaid in Mang Juan's household to pay
her loan, did he commit a crime? 2.5%

NOTHING FOLLOWS.

REMEDIAL LAW

-I-

1. What is the concept of remedial law? 2%

2. Distinguish between substantive law and remedial law. 2%
3. How are remedial laws implemented in our system of government? 2%
4. Distinguish jurisdiction from venue? 2%
5. What do you mean by (a) real actions; and (b) personal actions? 2%

- II -
What court has jurisdiction over an action for specific performance filed by a subdivision homeowner
against a subdivision developer? Choose the correct answer. Explain. 2.5%

1. The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board

2. The Securities and Exchange Commission
3. The Regional Trial Court
4. The Commercial Court or the Regional Trial Court designated by the Supreme Court to hear and
decide "commercial cases".

- III -

1. What is forum shopping? 2.5%

2. Honey filed with the Regional Trial Court, Taal, Batangas a complaint for specific performance
against Bernie. For lack of a certification against forum shopping, the judge dismissed the
complaint. Honey's lawyer filed a motion for reconsideration, attaching thereto an amended
complaint with the certification against forum shopping. If you were the judge, how will you resolve
the motion? 5%

- IV -

Jojie filed with the Regional Trial Court of Laguna a complaint for damages against Joe. During the pre-
trial, Jojie and her counsel failed to appear despite notice to both of them. Upon oral motion of Jojie, Joe
was declared as in default and Jojie was allowed to present her evidence ex palte. Thereafter, the court
rendered its Decision in favor of Jojie.

Joe hired Jose as his counsel. What are the remedies available to him? Explain. 5%

-V-

May Congress enact a law providing that a 5,000 square meter lot, apart of the UST compound in
Sampaloc, Manila, be expropriated for the construction of a park in honor of former City Mayor Arsenio
Lacson? As compensation to UST, the City of Manila shall deliver its 5-hectare lot in Sta. Rosa, Laguna
originally intended as a residential subdivision for the Manila City Hall employees. Explain. 5%

- VI -

Explain each mode of certiorari:

a. As a mode of appeal from the Regional Trial Court or the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court.
2.5%
b. As a special civil action from the Regional Trial Court or the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court.
2.5%
c. As a mode of review of the decisions of the National Labor Relations Commission and the
Constitutional Commissions. 2.5%

- VII -

Mark filed with the Bureau of Internal Revenue a complaint for refund of taxes paid, but it was not acted
upon. So, he filed a similar complaint with the Court of Tax Appeals raffled to one of its Divisions. Mark's
complaint was dismissed. Thus, he filed with the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari under Rule 65.

Does the Court of Appeals have jurisdiction over Mark's petition? 2.5

- VIII -
Does the Court of Appeals have jurisdiction to review the Decisions in criminal and administrative cases of
the Ombudsman? 2.5%

- IX -

1. What are the requisites for the issuance of (a) a writ of preliminary injunction; and (b) a final writ of
injunction? 2.5%
2. Distinguish between injunction as an ancillary remedy and injunction as a main action. 2.5%

-X-

1. Define a temporary restraining order (TRO). 2%

2. Maya Regional Trial Court issue injunction without bond? 2%
3. What is the duration of a TRO issued by the Executive Judge of a Regional Trial Court? 2%
4. Differentiate a TRO from a status quo order. 2%
5. Maya justice of a Division of the Court of Appeals issue a TRO? 2%

- XI -

1. What is an interlocutory order?

2. What is the difference between a judgment and an opinion of the court? 2.5%

- XII -

Tina Guerrero filed with the Regional Trial Court of Bifian, Laguna, a complaint for sum of money
amounting to P1 Million against Carlos Corro. The complaint alleges, among others, that Carlos borrowed
from Tina the said amount as evidenced by a promissory note signed by Carlos and his wife, jointly and
severally. Carlos was served with summons which was received by Linda, his secretary .However, Carlos
failed to file an answer to the complaint within the 15-day reglementary period. Hence, Tina filed with the
court a motion to declare Carlos in default and to allow her to present evidence ex parte. Five days
thereafter, Carlos filed his verified answer to the complaint, denying under oath the genuineness and due
execution of the promissory note; and contending that he has fully paid his loan with interest at 12% per
annum.

1. Was the summons validly served on Carlos? 2.5%

2. If you were the judge, will you grant Tina's motion to declare Carlos in default? 2.5%

- XIII -

Sergio Punzalan, Filipino, 50 years old, married, and residing at Ayala Alabang Village, Muntinlupa City , of
sound and disposing mind, executed a last will and testament in English, a language spoken and written
by him proficiently. He disposed of his estate consisting of a parcel of land in Makati City and cash deposit
at the City Bank in the , sum of P300 Million. He bequeathed P50 Million each to his 3 sons and P150 Million
to his wife. He devised apiece of land worth P100 Million to Susan, his favorite daughter-in-Iaw. He named
his best friend, Cancio Vidal, as executor of the will without bond

1. Is Cancio Vidal, after learning of Sergio's death, obliged to file with the proper court a petition for
probate of the latter's last will and testament? 2%
2. Supposing the original copy of the last will and testament was lost, can Cancio compel Susan to
produce a copy in her possession to be submitted to the probate court? 2%
3. Can the probate court appoint the widow as executor of the will? 2%
4. Can the widow and her children settle extrajudicially among themselves the estate of the
deceased? 2%
 5. Can the widow and her children initiate a separate petition for partition of the estate pending the
probate of the last will and testament by the proper court? 2%

- XIV -

When is bail a matter of right and when is it a matter of discretion ? 5%

- XV -

Leticia was estranged from her husband Paul for more than a year due to his suspicion that she was
having an affair with Manuel, their neighbor. She was temporarily living with her sister in Pasig City.

For unknown reasons, the house of Leticia's sister was burned, killing the latter. Leticia survived. She saw her
husband in the vicinity during the incident. Later, he was charged with arson in an Information filed with
the Regional Trial Court, Pasig City.

During the trial, the prosecutor called Leticia to the witness stand and offered her testimony to prove that
her husband committed arson.

Can Leticia testify over the objection of her husband on the ground of martial privilege? 5%

- XVI -

1. What are the requirements in order that an admission of guilt of an accused during a custodial
investigation be admitted in evidence? 2.5%
2. As counsel of an accused charged with homicide, you are convinced that he can be utilized as a
state witness. What procedure will you take? Explain. 2.5%

- XVII -

In 1996, Congress passed Republic Act No.8189, otherwise known as the Voters' Registration Act of 1996,
providing for computerization of elections. Pursuant thereto, the COMELEC approved the Voters'
Registration and Identification System (VRIS) Project. It issued invitations to pre-qualify and bid for the
project. After the public bidding, Fotokina was declared the winning bidder with a bid of P6 Billion and
was issued a Notice of Award. But COMELEC Chairman Gener Go objected to the award on the ground
that under the Appropriations Act, the budget for the COMELEC's modernization is only P1 Billion. He
announced to the public that the VRIS project has been set aside. Two Commissioners sided with
Chairman Go, but the majority voted to uphold the contract.

Meanwhile, Fotokina filed with the RTC a petition for mandamus to compel the COMELEC to implement
the contract. The Office of the Solicitor General (OSG), representing Chairman Go, opposed the petition
on the ground that mandamus does not lie to enforce contractual obligations. During the proceedings,
the majority Commissioners filed a manifestation that Chairman Go was not authorized by the COMELEC
En Banc to oppose the petition.

1. May the OSG represent Chairman Go before the RTC notwithstanding that his position is contrary
to that of the majority? 5%.
2. Is a petition for mandamus an appropriate remedy to enforce contractual obligations? 5%
LEGAL ETHICS

-I-

1. Why is law a profession and not a trade? 2.5%

2. Why is an attorney considered an officer of the court? 2.5%

- II -

1. Is there a distinction between "practicing lawyer" and "trial lawyer"? 2.5%

2. Enumerate the instances when a law student may appear in court as counsel for a litigant.
2.5%

- III -

1. The Supreme Court suspended indefinitely Atty. Fernandez from the practice of law for
gross immorality. He asked the Municipal Circuit Trial Court Judge of his town if he can be
appointed counsel de oficio for Tony, a childhood friend who is accused of theft. The judge
refused because Atty. Fernandez's name appears in the Supreme Court's List of Suspended
Lawyers. Atty. Fernandez then inquired if he can appear as a friend for Tony to defend him.

If you were the judge, will you authorize him to appear in your court as a friend for Tony? 5%

2. Supposing Tonyis a defendant in a civil case for collection of sum of money before the
same court, can Atty. Fernandez appear for him to conduct his litigation? 5%

- IV -

Atty. Oldie, 80 yearsold, refuses to pay his IBP dues. He argues he is a senior citizen and
semi-retired from the practice of law. Therefore, he should be exempt from pating IBP dues.

1. Is his argument correct? 3%

For the same reasons, Atty. Oldie also insist that he should be exempt from the Mandatory
COntinuing Legal Education (MCLE) requirements.

2. Should he be exempt? 3%

-V-

Myrna, petitioner in case for custody of children against her husband, sought advice from Atty.
Mendoza whom she met at a party. She informed Atty. Fernandez that her lawyer, Atty. Khan, has
been charging her exorbitant appearance fees when all he does move for postponements which
have unduly delayed the proceedings; and that recently, she learned that Atty. Khan
approached her husband asking for a huge amount in exchange for the withdrawal of her Motion
for issuance of Hold Departure Order so that he and his children can leave for abroad.

1. Is it ethical for Atty. Mendoza to advise Myrna to terminate the servicesof Atty. Khan and
hire him instead for a reasonable attorney's fees? 5%
2. What should Atty. Mendoza do about the information relayed to him by Myrna that Atty.
Khan approached her husband with an indecent proposal? 5%

- VI -
In his petition for certiorari filed with the Supreme Court, Atty . Dizon alleged that Atty .Padilla, a
legal researcher in the Court of Appeals, drafted the assailed Decision; that he is ignorant of the
applicable laws; and that he should be disbarred.

Can Atty .Dizon, in castigating Atty .Padilla, be held liable for unethical conduct against the Court
of Appeals? 5%

- VII -

Provincial Prosecutor Bonifacio refused to represent the Municipality of San Vicente in a case for
collection of taxes. He explained that he cannot handle the case with sincerity and industry
because he does not believe in the position taken by the municipality.

Can Prosecutor Bonifacio be sanctioned administratively? 5%

- VIII -

Prosecutor Coronel entered his appearance on behalf of the State before a Family Court in a
case for declaration of nullity of marriage, but he failed to appear in all the subsequent
proceedings. When required by the Department of Justice to explain, he argued that the parties in
the case were ably represented by their respective counsels and that his time would be better
employed in more substantial prosecutorial functions, such as investigations, inquests and
appearances in court hearings.

Is Atty .Coronel's explanation tenable? 5%

- IX -

Atty .Marie consulted Atty .Hernandez whether she can successfully prosecute her case for
declaration of nullity of marriage she intends to file against her husband. Atty. Hernandez advised
her in writing that the case will not prosper for the reasons stated therein. Atty .Marie, however,
decided to file the case and engaged the services of another lawyer, Atty .Pe. Her husband, Noel,
having learned about the opinion of Atty .Hernandez, hired him as his lawyer .

Is Atty .Hernandez's acquiescence to be Noel's counsel ethical? 3%

-X-

In the course of a drinking spree with Atty. Holgado who has always been his counsel in business
deals, Simon bragged about his recent sexual adventures with socialites known for their expensive
tastes. When Atty. Holgado asked Simon how he manages to finance his escapades, the latter
answered that he has been using the bank deposits of rich clients of Banco Filipino where he works
as manager.

Is Simon's revelation to Atty. Holgado covered by the attorney-client privilege? 5%

- XI -

The contract of attorney's fees entered into by Atty .Quintos and his client, Susan, stipulates that if
a judgment is rendered in her favor, he gets 60% of the property recovered as contingent fee. In
turn, he will assume payment of all expenses of the litigation.

1. Is the agreement valid? 2.5%

 2. May Atty .Quintos and Susan increase the amount of the contingent fee to 80%? 2.5%

- XII -

1. What is "assumpsit" and when is it proper? 2%

2. Give 4 instances when a client may validly refuse to pay his lawyer the full amount of
attorney's fees stipulated in their written contract. 4%

- XIII -

Give 4 instances when a client may validly refuse to pay his lawyer the full amount of attorney's
fees stipulated in their written contract. 4%

- XIV -

Atty. Perez was admitted as a member of the New York Bar. While in Manhattan, he was
convicted of estafa and was disbarred.

Does his disbarment in New York a ground for his automatic disbarment in the Philippines? 2.5%

- XV -

Which of the following acts does not constitute a ground for disbarment? Explain. 2.5%

1. Gross misconduct
2. Fraudulent misrepresentation
3. Grossly immoral conduct
4. Violation of the Lawyer's Oath
5. Willful disobedience to a lawful order of the Supreme Court
6. Malpractice
7. Appearance of a non-lawyer as an attorney for a litigant in a case

- XVI -

Draft an Affidafit of Desistance in a criminal case for acts of lasciviosness. (Exclude the jurat)

- XVII -

Draft an affidafit of Self-Adjucation of the estate of a deceased person. (Exclude the jurat)

- XVIII -

Draft an Information charging Obet Buena with arson filed with the Regional Trial Court.
Branch 10, Manila. 10%

NOTHING FOLLOWS.