mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþalvIC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa

crnþqøas;
Courant Alternatif
crnþ1haV
Courant monophase
tMNagExSekagbgðajBIkarbMErbMrlY rbs;crnþqøas;EdlmanTMrg;xus²Kña
crnþqøas;kñúgvis½y]sSahkmµCanic©kal ERbRbYltamGnuKmn_sIunusGU Iut .

+ tMélxN³
I

GMBøITut
knøHxYbGviC¢man
i I
t

knøHxYbviC¢man

xYb

 ry³eBlEdl)anRbRBwtþiedaycrnþqøas;edIm,Icab;ykeLIgvijkñúgTisedAdUcKñanigtMéldUcKñaRtUv)an
eKehAfaxYb ¬T¦.
 karbMErbMrlY eBjmYy kñúgTisedAmYy rWkñúgTisedAepSgeTotRtUv)anehAfaknøHxYb .
 eRbkg;¬f¦éncrnþqøas; tMNagcMnYnxYbkñúg 1vinaTI(1s) .
 eRbkg;KitCa HERT (1 H = 1 xYbkñúg 1vinaTI(1s) .
Z

1
f KitCaHz
f=
T T KitCa s

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TMhMsIunsu UGIut { tg;süúgnigGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ } RtUv)anbgðajedayvuicT½rrgVilCMvu ijcMnucmYyEdlmanel,ÓnmuM 

el,ÓnmMu rW BulsasüúgéncrnþenHKitCara:düg;kúñg1vinaTI ( rd/s)
 -rd/s
 = 2. f
f -Hz

 GMPøTI ut KWCatMélGtibrmarbs;crnþbgðajedayExSekag .
 tMélxN³ KWCatMélrbs;crnþEdl)anbgðajedayExSekagkñúgxN³eBlNamYy .

i = Imax . sin t

 tMélRbsiTi§éncrnþqøas;esµI nwg tMéléncrnþCab;EdlekIteLIgkñúger:ssIu þg;mYydUcKña nig

ry³eBlmYydUcKña brimaNkMedAdUcKña .

I max
Ieff =
2

dUcKñaEdreday I smamaRteTAnwg U

U max
Ueff =
2

karvas;crnþqøas; eKeRbI]bkrN_edaymincaM)ac;kMNt;b:Ulc,as;las; CaTUeTA]bkrN_enH CaRbePT

EhVrm:U a:ej: Tic rW EhVr:UDINamic .
RKb;téM lrbs;tg;süúgb¤GaMgtg;seIu tcrnþqøas; pþl;eGayKµankarkMNt;c,as;;las;
CaTUeTAbgðajtMélRbsiT§ién crnþenH .

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sMNg;RkahiVk énrlksIunusUGIut
Construction graphique d'une sinusoide


+I
4 3
5

6 2

7 1
o 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 t
8 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 15

10 14
11 13
12
T/2 T/2

xYb T

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KMlathVa én crnþ
Déphsage du courant

esoKIVmaneRKÓgTTYlCaer:susI þg;suT§ (R)

A I

V U
R

kñúgcrnþqøas;eTaHCamankarERbRbYltg;süúgnigGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþk_edayk_pleFob UI rkSatMéldEdl
dUckñgú crnþ Cab;Edr .
dUecñHnaMeGay)ansmamaRtefréntMélxN³
U U eff U max
 
i I eff I max
mann½yfa ³
- eBl UekIn I k_ekInEdrkñúgTisedAdUcKña
- eBl U Gtibrma I k_GtibrmaEdrkñúgTisedAdUcKña
- eBl U esµI 0 , I k_esµI 0Edr
eyIgniyayfa tg;süúgnigcrnþRsbhVaKña
 +U U
+I I

t
I
U

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esoKIVmaneRKÓgTTYlCabUb‘Ín ¬GaMgDuctg; L¦

A I

V U
Z

eyIgdwgehIyfa bUb‘nÍ mYyTTYlnUvkarbMErbMrlY Pøcú rbs;va KWCaTItaMg énkMlaMgGKÁisnIclkr GUtGU aMgDucsüúg.

rIÉcrnþqøas;bUb‘ÍnRtUv)anTTYlnUvbMErbMrlY Pøcú .
karbMErbMrlY PøúcenH KWCalT§plénkMlaMgGKÁsi nIclkrGUtUGaMgDucsüúg EdlRbqaMgeTAnwgtg;süúgrbs;RbPB
begáIteGaymankarRbqaMgbEnßmmYyeTAnwgkarqøgkat; éncrnþqøas; .
karRbqaMgbEnßmenHRtuv)anehAfaerGak;tg; ¬X¦ xñatKitCaGUm¬¦ dUcer:sIusþg;Edr .
erGak;tg;énbUbn‘Í mYyGackMNt;tamGnuKmn_ GaMgDuctg;¬L¦ nigel,ÓnmMuéncrnþ¬  ¦ .
X- 
L - H
X=L.
 - rd/s
f - Hz

 = 2f

kMlaMgGKÁsi nIclkr GUtGU aMgDucsüúg manKMlathVa 14 énxYbyWtCagcrnþ .

vicu T½rKMlathVaenHRtUv)anbgðajedaymMu (00 rW / ra:düg;; .

2

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dUcKñaenHEdr E'RbqaMgnigtg;süúgrbs;RbPB eyIgGacbgðajfaTnøak;tg;süúg (U ) 2

EdlTb;Tl;RKb;xN³E'.

U2 E'
 +U U2
+I I

t
I
o
90

E'

Tnøak;tg;süúg U manKMlathVa  énxYbelOnCagGaMgtg;seIu tcrnþ .

2

eday U = -E' dUecñHeyIgGacsresr U = X.I

2 2

edaybUb‘ÍnRtUv)anpÁt;pgÁ ;eRkamcrnþqøas; karRbqaMgBIrk¾)ansMEdgeLIg ³

- er:ssIu þg;¬R¦ )anmkBIExScMlgEdlbykmkeFVCI abUb‘Ín
- erGak;tg;¬X¦ bNþalmkBIkMlaMgGKÁsi nIclkrGUtUGaMgDucsüúg karRbqaMgTaMgenH¬R,X¦eKehAfa
GaMgeb:dg;¬Z¦ehIyKitCa¬¦ .
Z - 
U U - v
Z= I - A
I

I R X

U1 U2

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U2 +U
U
 +I U2
U1

 t
U1
I t

U=Z.I
U2=X.I

Z R
X
cos 
Z

 U1=R.I
R

sMNg;xagelIenHsMEdgeGayeXIjPaBCak;EsþgnUvTMnak;TMngrvagGaMeb:dg;¬Z¦er:sIusþg;¬R¦nigerGak;tg;¬X¦

Z2 = R2 + X2

TMnak;TnM g Cos = ZR mantMélmYyKt;kgñú krNIbUb‘ÍnmYyeEdlminbBa¢ÚnGanuPaBeTAkñúgesoKIVma:ejTic .

Cos RtUv)anehAfaktþaGanuPaB .

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esoKImIV aneRKÓgTTYlCakgudg;saT½r
I
A

V U
C

kugdg;saT½r TTYlrgnUvtg;süúgsIunsu UGIut pÞúknigepÞreTAtameRbkg;rbs;tg;süúgsIunusGU Iut

¬pÞúkBIrdgnigepÞr BIr dgkñúg1xYb¦ .
dUecñHExScMlgTaMgGs;énkarpÁt;pÁg;RtUv)anqøgkat;edaycrnþsnIu usUGuIt
maneRbkg;dcU KñaeTAnwgeRbkg;rbs;;tg;süúg b:uEnþKMlat hVaesµI ¼ énxYbelOnCagtg;süúg .

 +U
+I I U

t
I
90o

GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþERbRbYlsmamaRteTAnwg ³
- tg;süúgrbs;bNþaj GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ
IA-
- ka)a:sIueténkugdg;saT½r U -tg;süúg
V

- eRbkg;éncrnþ I = U.C.
C -ka)a:sIuetkugdg;saT½r
F

 -el,ÓnmMu
rd/s

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1
C
RtUv)anehAfaerGak;tg;énka)a:sIuet¬X¦ ehIybgðajBIkarRbqaMgeTAnwgkarqøgkat;rbs;crnþqøas; .
dUcer:sIusþg;Edr erGak;tg;énka)a:sIeu tKitCaGUm ¬¦ .
X erGak;tg;
X=
1 CF ka)a:seIu t
C.
rd/s el,ÓnmMu
bgÁMúénkudg;saT½r
ka)a:seIu tsmmUlenAénRkumkugdg;saT½rpÁMúCaes’rIKW ³
1 1 1 1
  
C e C1 C 2 C3

ka)a:seIu tsmmUlénkugdg;saT½rpÁMúCaExñgKW ³

Ce = C1 + C2 + C3

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GanuPaBcrnþqøas;
Piussances en courant alternatif
I P

A W

V U
Z

va:tE; mR:tcg¥últMéldUcKñacMeBaHcrnþCab;nigcrnþqøas; .
rIÉ crnþCab;manEter:sIusþg;¬R¦ EtmYyKt;EdlekIteeLIg .
dUecñHeyIgGacsnñidæanfa GanuPaBcg¥úledayva:tE; m:Rtcrnþqøas;KWCaGanuPaBEdlsIuedayer:ssIu þg;éneRKOg
TTYlGanuPaBenHehAfa ³
GanuPaBskmµ rW GanuPaBBit¬P¦KitCa¬W¦
dUecñH GanuPaBskmµ GacKNnatamGnuKmn_ R nig I
P - w
P = R.I 2 R - 
I - A

plKuN UI ehAfaGanuPaBGab;)a:r:g;¬S¦ehIyKitCa¬VA¦

S - VA
S = U.I U- V
I -A

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GanuPaBGab;)a:r:g;GacKNnabnþreTottamGnuKmn_ Z nig I
S=U.I
S = ZI . I
S - VA
S=Z.I 2 Z- 
I - A

dUcEdl Z nig RkMNt;eKarBeTAtam GnuPaBGab;)a:rg;nigGanuPaBskmµFatuerGak;tg;¬X¦pþl;eGayGanuPaB

TI3mYyeTotehAfa GanuPaBGskmµ¬Q¦ KitCav:ul-GMEB-erGak;TIiv¬var¦ .

Q - var
Q=X.I 2 X- 
I - A

TMnak;TMngrvag P, Q nig S
GanuPaB P, Q , S GacbgðajtamRkaPicedayRtIekaNEkg .
Q
sin  =
P S
cos  =
S

P = S . cos  Q = S . sin 
S
Q

eday S = U . I  eday S = U . I
P

P = U .I . cos  Q = U . I . sin 

S - VA
2 2 2 P- w
S =P +Q
Q -var

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GanuPaBskmµEdlsIeu dayeRKÓgTTYlGaMgDucTIv bBa¢ÚnGanuPaBeGayesoKIVma:ejTicbgðajeday ³

 GanuPaBEdlsIuedayer:sIusþg;énExScMlg (P = R . I 2
)

 GanuPaBEdlbBa¢nÚ eGayesoKImV a:ejTic ¬ P ¦m

P RI 2  Pm R
Cos  = = 
S ZI 2 Z

kñúgl½kçx½NÐenH R minRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚlkñúgesoKImV a:ejTiceTpleFob PS EtmYyKt;EdlGnuBaØateGay

KNna Cos .

kugdg;saT½rmYyminsIuGanuPaBskmµeT .
eday Unig I manKMlathVa 90º ¬Cos = 0¦, P = 0
S=Q Q=U.I

GanuPaBGskmµsIuedaykugdg;saT½rGacKNnabnþeTottamGnuKmn_ U nig C .

Q=U.I

Q = U . UC

Qvar
Uv
Q = U2 . C . 
CF
rd/s

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karbegáInktþaGanuPaBénkartMeLIgGKÁisnIedaybEnßmkugdg;saT½r

bnÞab;BIkart kugdg;saT½r ³
 GanuPaBskmµminpøas;bþÚreT

 GanuPaBGskmµEdlsIuedayeRKÓgTTYlTaMgGs;fycuH .

eday S = P + Q GanuPaBGab;)a:r:g;fycuHehIyktþaGanuPaBekIneLIg .
2 2 2

vi)akénkarbegáInktþaGanuPaB
sMrab;GanuPaBskmµdcU KñaEdlbBa¢ÚnGaMgtg;seIu tcrnþtamExSKWtUcNas; .
P
I =
U . cos

kartkugdg;saT½reTAnigeKalénkartMeLIgminpøas;bþÚrGaMgtg;seIu tcrnþ nigGanuPaBGskmµEdlsIeu dayeRKÓg

TTYlTaMgenHeT b:uEnþvapøas;bþÚrGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ nigGanuPaBGskmµEdlsIeu day]bkrN_TaMgGs;
¬eRKÓgTTYlnigkugdug saT½r¦ .

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Qc

Q
S

Sr
Qr

r

P

Q : GanuPaBGskmµéneRKÓgTTYl
Qc : GanuPaBGskmµénkugdg;saT½r
Qr : lT§plénGanuPaBGskmµ ¬sIuedayeRKÓgTTYlTaMgGs;¦
Qr = Q - Qc

S : GanuPaBGab;)a:rg: ;éneRKÓgTTYl
Sr : lT§plénGanuPaBGab;)a:r:g; ¬sIeu dayeRKÓgTTYlTaMgGs;¦
cos  : ktþaGanuPaBéneRKÓgTTYl
cos r : ktþaGanuPaBéneRKÓgTTYlTaMgGs;

karKNna)aetrI énkugdg;saT½r

C- F
P(tg  tg r ) P - w
C=
U 2 U - V

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crnþbIhVa
Courants triphasés

crnþbIhVaekIteLIgedayehSeNra:T½r (Générateur)mYyEdlpSMeLIgedaym:UNhU Va 3 Edlplittg;süúg

sIunusUGIut bImantMél dUcKñaeRbkg;dUcKña b:uEnþmanKMlathVarvagKña 1/3 énxYb¬KW 120 rW 2/3¦
o

+V V1

t
Ph 1 V V1 V1  V max . sin  t

V2

Ph 2 V V2 
V2  V max . sin   t 
2 

t
 3 

V3

 4  t
Ph 3 V V3 V3  V max . sin   t  
 3 

+V V1 V2
V3 V3


t
V1
120o
120o

V2

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eKGacP¢ab;rvagcugExScMlgTaMgLayénhVanimYy² dUecñHeKTTYl)anExSrYmmYyehAfaExSNWt .
dUecñHRbB½n3§ hVarYmman ³
 tg;süúghVa 3 ³ V , V , V 1 2 3

 tg;süúgrvaghVa ¬rW tg;süúglIj¦3 ³ U , U , U 1-2 2-3 3-1

Ph 1
U1 -2 V
Ph 2

U2 -3 V V U1 - 3

Ph 3
V V1 V V2 V V3


- V1 V3
U 1-2 - V2
U1 2  V1  V 2
U 3 -1 V3
U2  3  V 2  V3
120o V1
120o
U 3 1  V 3  V1
V2

U 2-3
- V3

tg;süúglIjnigtg;süúghVaTaMgbI manKMlathVaesµI 120 dUcKña . o

 2 U
U cos 30o = 
U V 2V
2
3
cos 30o =
30o 2
U 3 U

2 2V
U=V. 3

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mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþalvIC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa

tMNréneRKÓgTTYlkñúgcrnþbIhVa
Branchement des récepteurs en courants triphasés

eRKÓgTTYlGacRtUv)ant ³

 CamYyExShVanigExSNWt ¬hVa ÷ NWt ¦

 CamYyExShVaTaMgBIr ¬hVa ÷ hVa ¦

kareRCIserIséntMNrGaRs½yeTAelItg;süúgNUmINal;éneRKÓgTTYlehIynigtg;süúgrbs;bNþaj .

Ph 1
ebItg;süúgNUmINal;éneRKÓgTTYl
RtUv nigtg;süúghVaénbNþaj eRKÓg Ph 2

TTYlTaMgenaHRtUv)antrvagExShVanig Ph 3

ExSNWt . N
Z1 Z2 Z3

kartMeLIgenHRtUv)aneKehAfakar { tMeLIgCapáay }¬¦

BIeRBaHkarbgðajKMnsU bMRBYjmanragCaragpáay ¬¦ .
GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþkñúgExSNWtKWesµnI igplbUkviucT½rGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþTaMg3.

   
I n  I1  I 2  I 3

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RbsinebItg;süúgNUmINal; éneRKÓgTTYlsmRtUveTAnigtg;süúglIjénbNþajeRKÓgTTYlRtUv)antrvagExS
hVa nighVa .
Ph 1

Z1
Ph 2

Z2 Z3
Ph 3

kartMeLIgenHRtUv)anehAfakartMeLIgCaRtIekaN
eRBaHkarbgðajKMnUsbMRBYjmanragCaRtIekaN¬¦.
GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþqøgkat;eRKÓgTTYlnimYy²KWtageday J .
GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþénhVanimYy²¬I¦esµnI igpldkviucT½rénGaMgtg;seIu tcrnþ ¬ J ¦ .

  
I 1  J 1 2  J 31
  
I 2  J 23  J 1 2
  
I 3  J 31  J 23

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tMNrCapáay ¬¦
1-esoKIlV Mnwg¬Balanced circuit¦-eRKÓgTTYl3dUcKña¬GaMeb:dg;dUcKña¦ ktþaGanuPaBdUcKñaRtUv)antCapáay
Ph 1 A I1

I1
R
I1 I2 I3

I2

R R
I2 I3
Ph 2 A

Ph 3 I3
A

N IN
A
GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ I qøgkat;ExSNWtKWesµnI wgplbUkénGaMgtg;seIu tcrnþTaMgbIhVa.
GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþTaMgbIenHesµIKña nig manKMlathVarvagKñaedaymMu 120 . o

   
I N  I1  I 2  I 3  0

kñúgkrNI eRKÓgTTYlCaer:sIusþgs; uT§ GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ KWRsbhVaCamYytg;süúghVa ¬Ph + N¦ .

V3

120o
V1
o
120

120o

V2

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Ph 1

120o

R R

Ph 2

Ph 3

 kñúgkrNItMNCapáay éneRKÓgTTYlmanbnÞúkesµKI ña ExSNWtGacecal)an .

 cMnucrYmrbs;eRKÓgTTYlTaMgbIehAfa { NWtsb,nimiµt } b:Utg;Esülrbs;NWtsb,nimµitKWdc
U KñaeTA
nwgb:Utg;Esülrbs;ExSNWtEdr .
2- esoKIVminlMnwg ¬Unbalanced Circuit¦
I1
Ph 1 A

R R
I2
Ph 2 A

Ph 3 I3
A

N IN
A
 kñúgkrNIeRKÓgTTYlb¤ bnÞúktCapáayminlMnwg ¬minsIuemRTI¦ ExSNWtmansar³sMxan;nigcaM)ac;Nas; .
GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ rbs;hVanimYy²mantMélxusKña ehIyGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþqøgkat;ExSNWtKW ÷
   
I N  I1  I 2  I 3  0

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 plvi)akEdlbNþalmkBIkardac;ExSNWtkñgú krNIeRKÓgTTYlb¤bnÞkú tCapáayminlMnwg¬minsIuemRTI¦ ³

- eRKÓgTTYlrbs;hVaEdlmanbnÞúkFM KWtg;süúgFøak;cuH
- eRKÓgTTYlrbs;hVaEdlmanbnÞúktUc KWelIstg;süúg

V3 V2 V1 V V V

 b:Utg;EsüléncMNcu rYm Canic©kalpøas;eTAkan;b:Utg;Esülrbs;hVaEdlmanbnÞkú eRcIn .

 tg;süúglIj ¬Ph + Ph¦ rkSatMéledIm¬380V¦ .

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tMNrCaRtIekaN ¬¦
1- esoKVImanlMnwg ¬Balanced Circuit¦
eRKÓgTTYl 3dUcKña ¬GaMeb:dg;dUcKña ktþaGanuPaBdUcKña¦ RtUv)antCaRtIekaN .

Ph 1 I1 1
A
J3-1
A R
J1-2
R
A

A A R
2 3
Ph 2 I2
J2-3

A
Ph 3 I3

 GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ ¬I¦kñúgExShVamantMélFMCagGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ¬ J¦EdlsIeu dayeRKOgTTYl .

 GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ¬ I ¦énhVanimyY ²esµnI wg ³
  
I1  J12  J 31
  
I 2  J 23  J12
 
I 3  J 31  J 23

 GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþKWdUcKña ehIymanKMlathVarvagKñamMu 120 . pldkviucT½r÷ J

0
12

 J 31 
 
J 12 ; J 31

÷ J 
23  J 12 
 
J 23 ; J 12

÷ J 
31  J 23 
 
J 31 ; J 23

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düaRkamvuicT½rGnuKmn_ J
U31
U12
V3

V1

V2

U23

 kñúgkrNIeRKÓgTTYlCaer:sIusþgs; uT§ GaMgtg;sIuet¬J¦kñúgeRKÓgTTYlKWRsbhVaCamYytg;süúglIj.

 kñúgesoKIVmanlMnwgktþaGanuPaBtamhVa ¬V , I¦ KWdcU eTAnwgktþaGanuPaBéneRKÓgTTYl¬U, J¦ .
pleFobrvag I nig J
U12

J31 J12

J31

30o

I1 V1
I1
2

I1
J23
Cos 30o  2
J 12
3 I
 J 12  1  I 1  3 J 12
2 2

dUecñH I  3 J

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2- esoKIVKµanlMnwg¬Unbalanced Circuit¦
Ph 1
A I1

A J3-1
R
J1-2

R A

Ph 2 I2
A A R
J2-3

Ph 3
A I3

dUcKñanwgesoKIlV MnwgEdr crnþ¬I¦qøgkat;ExShVaKWesµInwgplsgviucT½rcrnþ¬ J¦Edlqøgkat;tameRKÓgTTYl .

   U31
I 1  J 12  J 31 U12
V3
  
I 2  J 23  J 12
  
I 3  J 31  J 23
V1

V2

cMNaM ³
cMeBaHesoKIVKµanlMnwg ³
- ktþaGanuPaB cos tamhVa¬rvag V nig I¦ U23

xusBIktþaGanuPaB cos éneRKÓgTTYlnimYy² .

- pleFob JI  3

I= 3J

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GanuPaBéncrnþbIhVa
Puissances en courants triphasés

 GanuPaBskmµEdlsIeu dayhVa1 ³ P = V . I . cos 

1 1 1 1

 GanuPaBskmµEdlsIeu dayhVa2 ³ P = V . I . cos 

2 2 2 2

 GanuPaBskmµEdlsIeu dayhVa3 ³ P = V . I . cos 

3 3 3 3

GanuPaBskmµsIuedayhVaTaMgbI

Pt = P1 + P2 + P3

vadUcKñaEdrcMeBaHGanuPaBGskmµ .
dUcnwgm:UNhU VaEdr KWplbUkBiCKNit

QT  Q1  Q2  Q3

ebIesoKVImanlMnwg ¬sIuemRTI¦

eyIgman P1 = P2 = P3 = P dUecñHGanuPaBskmµsrubGacsresr ³

Pt = 3.P = 3 . V . I . cos

U
Pt = 3 . . I . cos
3

P - w
Pt = U . I . 3 . cos U - V
I - A

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 TMnak;TnM g P = U.I . 3 .cos GaceRbIR)as;kñúgkrNIeRKÓgTTYltCapáay rWRtIekaN .

 U Canic©kaltagtg;süúglIj¬hVa ÷ hVa¦ I GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþkñúgExShVa ³

 GanuPaBGab;)a:r:g;srubkñúgesoKIVlnM wg ¬sIuemRTI¦esµInwg ³

S = U.I. 3

 GanuPaBGskmµénesoKIVlI Mnwg¬sIuemRTI¦esµInwg ³

Q = U.I. 3 sin

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