Brian Streit

Math 2451

Section 8.4 Selected Solutions

2. Rather than integrating F = x3 i + y 3 j + z 3 k over the sphere directly, we

apply Gauss’theorem and integrate

r F = 3 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3 2

over the unit ball:

ZZZ Z Z2 Z1
2 4 12
r F sin 'd d d' = 3 sin 'd d d' = :
5
B 0 0 0

7. Here, we can apply Gauss’theorem to …nd that

ZZ ZZZ ZZZ
r ndS = r rdV = 3 dV = 3volume (W ) .
S W W

The geometric interpretation follows the hint; try to visualize how this works
for non-convex regions W .

10. Use Gauss’divergence theorem in space:

ZZ ZZZ
r ndS = div (F) dV:
S W

Here,
@ @ @ 2 2
div (F) = (1) + (1) + z x2 + y 2 = x2 + y 2 :
@x @y @z
The region W is a cylinder, so it is the easiest to evaluate the integral in cylin-
drical coordinates:
Z1 Z2 Z1
2
r r2 drd dz = .
3
0 0 0

11. An application of the product formula for partial derivatives reveals the
key fact here:
r (f F) = rf F + f r F.

1
The rest is just an application of Gauss’theorem:
ZZ ZZZ
f F ndS = rf F + f r FdV:
@W W

12. Let F = F1 i + F2 j + F3 k and G = G1 i + G2 j + G3 k. We compute

i j k
F G= F1 F2 F3 = (F2 G3 F3 G2 ) i+(F3 G1 F1 G3 ) j+(F1 G2 F2 G1 ) k.
G1 G2 G3

Then
@ @ @
r (F G) = (F2 G3 F3 G2 ) + (F3 G1 F1 G3 ) + (F1 G2 F2 G 1 )
@x @y @z
@F2 @G3 @F3 @G2
= G 3 + F2 G2 F3
@x @x @x @x
@F3 @G1 @F1 @G3
+ G 1 + F3 G 3 F1
@y @y @y @y
@F1 @G2 @F2 @G1
+ G 2 + F2 G 1 F2 :
@z @z @z @z
Now
i j k
@ @ @ @F3 @F2 @F1 @F3 @F2 @F1
r F= @x @y @z = i+ j+ k
@y @z @z @x @x @y
F1 F2 F3
so
@F3 @F2 @F1 @F3 @F2 @F1
G (r F) = G1 G1 + G2 G2 + G3 G3 :
@y @z @z @x @x @y
Similarly
@G3 @G2 @G1 @G3 @G2 @G1
F (r G) = F1 F1 + F2 F2 + F3 F3 :
@y @z @z @x @x @y
We observe
G (r F) F (r G) = r (F G) .

14. Surround each charge at vector vi by a small ball Bi in such a way that
the Bi are mutually disjoint and do not intersect S. Assume that B1 ; ; Bn ;
(where n k) are those balls contained within S. Then since div e = 0, and
as in theorem 10,
ZZ Xn Z Z
e dS = e dS
S i=1 @B
i

2
where @Bi is given the outward orientation. But again, as in theorem 10,
ZZ
e dS = qi :
@Bi

Thus ZZ n
X
e dS = qi = Q;
S i=1

the total charge inside S.

15. Since
div (f rg) = f r2 g + rf rg;
we may apply Gauss’Theorem to obtain
ZZ ZZZ ZZZ
f rg ndS = div (f rg) dV = f r2 g + rf rg dV:
@W W W

Then
ZZ ZZ ZZ
(f rg grf ) ndS = f rg ndS grf ndS
@W @W @W
ZZZ ZZZ
= f r2 g + rf rg dV gr2 f + rg rf dV

Z ZWZ W

2 2
= fr g gr f dV;
W

as desired.

16. Since curl F = 0 we know there is f such that rf = F. But then

r2 f = r (rf ) = div F = 0;
by assumption.

18. Since S = @W is a closed surface, we may apply Gauss’ theorem to

obtain ZZZ ZZ
div FdV = (F n) dS.
W @W
But F is tangent to S so F n = 0. Our desired quality follows.

22. Since S is a closed surface bounding some solid W . We may apply

Gauss’theorem so that
ZZ ZZZ
(r F) dS = div (r F) dV = 0
S W
2
since div (r F) = 0 for any C vector …eld F.