INDEX

biotower, 160
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT), 182, 183
BOD, 148
AASHTO, automobile pavement design, 141 BOD exertion, 148
AC circuits, 169 boilers, condensers, evaporators, one side in a heat exchanger, 57
AC machines, 172 boiling point elevation, 78
Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS), 93 bolted and riveted joints loaded in shear, 205
acids, 77 bonds, 93
acids and bases, 78 book value, 93
activated carbon adsorption, 161 brake power, 212
activated sludge, 159 brake thermal efficiency, 212
activity coefficients, 103 Brayton cycle (steady-flow cycle), 213
addition, 6 break-even analysis, 92
adiabatic process, 60 break-through time for leachate to penetrate a clay liner, 150
aerobic digestion design, 160
air refrigeration cycle, 217
air stripping, 161 C
air-to-cloth ratio, 147 cancer slope factor, 155
alcohols, 101 canonical product of sums (POS), 188
aldehydes, 101 canonical sum of products (SOP), 188
algebra of complex numbers, 169 capacitors and inductors, 168
amorphous materials and glasses, 86 capacitors and inductors in parallel and series, 168
analysis of variance for 2n factorial designs, 193 capatalized costs, 93
anion, 78 carbon balance, 76
anode, 78 carboxylic acids, 101
anode reaction (oxidation), 82 Carmen-Kozeny equation, 163
anthropometric measurements, 200 Carnot Cycle, 58
approximations, 190 catalyst, 78
Archimedes principle and buoyancy, 45 cathode, 78
area formulas for surveying, 142 cation, 78
arithmetic progression, 7 cellular biology, 74
Arrhenius function, 104 centroids and moments of inertia, 12
ASHRAE psychrometric chart No. 1, 65 centroids of masses, areas, lengths, and volumes, 24
ASTM, 203 chemical
ASTM grain size, 84 reaction engineering, 104
atmospheric dispersion modeling, 143 reaction equilibrium, 103
atomic bonding, 82 thermodynamics, 103
atomic number, 78 chemical names, 102
automobile pavement design, 141 chemical process safety, 109
average and range charts, 189 circle, 4
average value, 169 circular sector, 10
Avogadro's number, 78 circular segment, 10
clarification, 162
B clarifier, 162
classification of polymers, 86
backwash, 164 Clausius' statement of second law, 60
baghouse filters, 147 closed thermodynamic system, 56
balanced three-phase systems, 171 closed-system availability, 60
ball/roller bearing selection, 204 column design, steel, 123
bases, 77 allowable stress table (ASD), 134
basic cycles, 58 column effective length KL, 123
batch reactor, 105 K-values and alignment chart, 130
batch reactor constant T and V, 104 columns
beam design, steel (LRFD, ASD), 122 Euler's formula, 42
allowable moments curves (ASD), 135 steel design, 123
design moments curves (LRFD), 135 combustion
beam fixed-end moment formulas, 114 in air, 59
beam-columns, steel, 124 in excess air, 59
bearing strength, 125 incomplete, 59
bed expansion, 164 processes, 59
belt friction, 25 common metallic crystal structures, 82
benefit-cost analysis, 93 common names and molecular formulas of some industrial (inorganic
binary phase diagrams, 59 and organic) chemicals, 102
binomial distribution, 16 common thermodynamic cycles, 61
bioconcentration factor, 149 complex numbers, 5, 169
biodegradation of glucose with no product, 76 complex power, 171
biomechanics of the human body, 194 composite materials, 85
219
compressible fluid, 50 difference equations, 13, 174
compression ratio, 212 differential (simple or Rayleigh) distillation, 106
concentration in the atmosphere, 110 differential calculus, 8
concentrations of vaporized liquids, 110 differential equations, 12
concrete, 85 diffusion, 82, 105
concurrent forces, 25 diffusion coefficient, 82
condensation digital signal processing, 175
outside horizontal tubes, 69 dimensional homogeneity and dimensional analysis, 52
pure vapor on a vertical surface, 69 dimensionless group equation (Sherwood), 105
conduction, 67 dimensions, 163
through a plane wall, 67 diodes, 183
conductive heat transfer, 70 dispersion, mean, median, and mode value, 15
confidence interval, 19 displacement volume, 212
confidence interval for a, 17, 192 distortion-energy theory, 40
confidence interval for b, 17, 192 distribution, 16, 17
conic section equation, 4 dose-response curve, 155
conic sections, 3 DQO, 151
construction, 140 drag coefficients for spheres, disks, and cylinders, 55
continuity equation, 45 dual linear program, 189
continuous distillation (binary system), 106
continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), 105
continuous stirred tank reactors in series, 105
E
control systems, 88 earthwork formulas, 142
convection, 67, 105 effect of overburden pressure, 150
convolution, 174 effective or RMS values, 169
cooling and dehumidification, 210 effective stack height, 143
cooling load, 217 elastic strain energy, 42
coordination number, 82 electrochemistry, 78
corollary, 60 electrodialysis, 163
corrosion, 82 electromagnetic dynamic fields, 172
CPM precedence relationships (activity on node), 140 electron, 76
creep, 83 electrostatic fields, 167
critical depth, 136 electrostatic precipitator, 147
Critical Path Method (CPM), 195 electrostatics, 167
critical values of the F distribution table, 22 ellipse, 3, 10
critical values of x2 – table, 23 endurance limit, 40
critically damped, 12, 89 endurance limit modifying factors, 41
crystallography, 82 endurance test, 83
CSF, 155 energy balance, 76
current, 167 energy line (Bernoulli equation), 47
curvature in rectangular coordinates, 8 engineering strain, 38
curvature of any curve, 8 enhancement MOSFET (low and medium frequency), 186
cyclone 50% collection efficiency for particle diameter, 146 entropy, 60
cyclone collection efficiency, 146 entropy change for solids and liquids, 60
cyclone dimensions, 146 equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction, 78
cyclone separator, 146 equimolar counter-diffusion (gases), 105
cylindrical pressure vessel, 38 equipment requirements, 194
equivalent mass, 78
D ergonomics, 194
hearing, 201, 202
Darcy's Equation, 111 essential prime implicant, 188
Darcy's law, 135 ethers, 101
data quality objectives (DQO) for sampling soils and solids, 151 Euler's
DC machines, 172 formula, 42
deflection of beams, 42 identity, 5
deflection of trusses and frames, 114 Euler's approximation, 14
deflectors and blades, 49 exponentially weighted moving average, 191
degrees of reduction, 76
DeMorgan's theorem, 187
density, specific volume, specific weight, and specific gravity, 44
F
depreciation, 93 facility planning, 194
depth of sorption zone, 161 factorial experiments, 192
derivative, 8 facultative pond, 161
derivatives and indefinite integrals, 9 fan characteristics, 211
design criteria for sedimentation basins, 162 fans, pumps, and compressors, 211
design data for clarifiers for activated-sludge systems, 162 Faraday's law, 78, 167
design of experiments two-way anova table, 196 fastener groups in shear, 206
determinants, 6 fatigue loading, 205
Deutsch equation, 147 feed condition line, 106
220
feedwater heaters, 213 Hazen-Williams equation, 49, 137
field equation, 46 head loss through clean bed, 163
filtration, 163 heat
fire diamond, 153 capacity, 66
First Law (energy balance), 57 engines, 58
first Law of Thermodynamics, 56 exchangers, 57
first-order linear difference equation, 13, 174 transfer rate in a tubular heat exchanger, 69
first-order linear homogeneous differential equations with constant transfer to/from bodies immersed in a large body of flowing fluid,
coefficients, 12 69
first-order linear nonhomogeneous differential equations, 12 heat transfer, 67, 73
first-order reaction, 104 heating and humidification, 210
fixed blade, 49 heats of reaction, 104
fixed film, 162 heats of reaction, solution, formation, and combustion, 78
fixed-film equation with recycle, 160 heat-transfer coefficient, 68
fixed-film equation without recycle, 160 helical linear springs, 203
flammability, 109 helical torsion springs, 203
Flammable, 153 Helmholtz free energy, 60
flash (or equilibrium) distillation, 106 Henry's law at constant temperature, 60
flip-flops, 188 hollow, thin-walled shafts, 41
flocculation, 162 Hooke's law, 39
flow horizontal curve formulas, 139
in noncircular conduits, 47 horizontal velocties, 163
open-channel, 136 HVAC – pure heating and cooling, 209
parallel to a constant-temperature flat plate, 69 hydraulic diameter, 47
past a constant-temperature sphere, 70 hydraulic gradient (grade line), 47
perpendicular to axis of a constant-temperature circular cylinder, hydraulic radius, 47, 49, 137
69 hydraulic-elements graph for circular sewers, 136
flow reactors, steady state, 105 hydrology, 135
fluid flow, 46 NRCS (SCS) rainfall-runoff, 135
fluid measurements, 50 rational formula, 135
force, 24 hyperbola, 3
forces on submerged surfaces and the center of pressure, 45 hypothesis testing, 18, 198
forecasting, 191
fouling factor, 68
Fourier series, 173
I
fourier transform, 13 Ideal Gas Law, 56
four-variable Karnaugh map, 188 ideal gas mixtures, 58
freezing point depression, 78 impact test, 83
Freundlich isotherm, 161 impeller mixer, 165
friction, 25 implicant, 188
friction factor for Laminar flow, 47 important families of organic compounds, 80
friction factor to predict heat-transfer and mass transfer coefficients, impulse response, 175
73 impulse turbine, 49
Froude number, 136 impulse-momentum principle, 48
fundamental constants, 1 incineration, 147
fundamental relationships, 190 incomplete combustion, 59
increase of entropy principle, 60
G indicated power, 212
indicated thermal efficiency, 212
gain margin, 88 induced voltage, 167
gamma function, 17 industrial chemical, 102
gas constant, 1, 56, 58, 82, 110 inequality of Clausius, 60
gas flux, 150 infiltration, 218
gas turbines, 213 inflation, 92
Gaussian, 143 influence lines, 114
gear trains, 207 integral calculus, 8
geometric progression, 7 interaction effects, 193
geotechnical definitions, 111 interest factor tables, 94–98
Gibbs intermediate- and long-length columns, 204
free energy, 60 internal combustion engines, 212
phase rule, 59 inventory models, 193
gradient, divergence, and curl, 7 inverse, 6
inverse transform method, 191
iron-iron carbide phase diagram, 59
H irreversibility, 60
half-life, 151 isentropic process, 60
hardenability, 84 isothermal, reversible process, 60
hardness, 84
hazard index, 155
221
 J maximum shear-stress theory, 40
maxterm, 188
jet propulsion, 48 maxterm list, 188
JFETs, 182, 184 mean effective pressure (mep), 213
job sequencing, 195 measurement uncertainty, 88
junction, 214 mechanical
efficiency, 212
springs, 203
K Mechanisms, 77
Karnaugh map (K-Map), 188 mensuration of areas and volumes, 10, 11
Kelvin-Planck statement of second law, 60 metallic elements, 78
Kendall notation, 190 microbial kinetics, 148
ketones, 101 minor losses in pipe fittings, contractions, and expansions, 47
Kirchhoff's laws, 168 minterm, 188
minterm list, 188
miscellaneous effects factor, ke, 41
L Model Rules, 99
laminar flow, 69 modified ACRS factors, 93
landfill, 150 modified Goodman theory, 40
landfill cover, 150 molar volume, 78
Langmuir isotherm, 161 molarity
Laplace transforms, 174 solutions, 78
latitudes and departures, 139 mole fraction of a substance, 78
laws of probability, 15 molecular diffusion, 105
LC50, 158 moment
LD50, 158 capacity, steel beams, 122
Le Chatelier's principle for chemical equilibrium, 78 inertia transfer theorem, 25
learning curves, 193 moment of inertia, 24
least squares, 17, 192 moments (couples), 24
length:width ration, 163 momentum transfer, 73
Lever rule, 59 momentum, heat and mass transfer analogy, 73
L'Hospital's rule (L'Hôpital's rule), 8 monod kinetics, 148
licensee's obligation to employer and clients, 100 Moody (Stanton) diagram, 54
licensee's obligation to other licensees, 100 MOSFETs, 182, 184, 186
licensee's obligation to society, 99 moving average, 191
lime-soda softening, 164 moving blade, 49
line balancing, 195 multipath pipeline problems, 49
line source attenuation, 150 multiple server model (s > 1), 191
linear programming, 189 multiple substrated limiting, 148
linear projection, 150 multiplication, 6
linear regression, 17, 192 Murphree plate efficiency, 106
liquid metals, 69
load combinations, steel, 121 N
loading on straight spur gears, 207
log growth, 150 natural (free) convection, 71
log mean temperature difference NCEES Model Rules, 99
concurrent flow in tubular heat exchangers, 68 N-channel junction field effect transistors (JFET's), 184
countercurrent flow in tubular heat exchangers, 68 Newton’s method for root extraction, 13
logarithms, 4 Newton's method of minimization, 13
logic gates, 187 NIOSH formula, 194
logic operations and boolean algebra, 187 nitrogen balance, 76
lossless transmission lines, 172 NOAEL, 155
LRFD, steel design, 121 noise pollution, 150
nomenclature, 10, 56
nomenclature and definitions, 92
M non-annual compounding, 92
magnetic fields, 167 noncarcinogenic dose-response curve, 155
Manning's equation, 49, 137 non-metallic elements, 78
manometers, 50 normal depth, 137
mass normal distribution, 16
fraction, 58 normality of solutions, 78
mass balance for secondary clarifier, 159 nozzles, diffusers, 57
mass transfer in dilute solutions, 73 NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT), 183
mass transfer, 73, 105 NRCS (SCS) rainfall-runoff, 135
material handling, 195 number of atoms in a cell, 82
material properties, 42 number systems and codes, 187
matrices, 6 numerical integration, 14
maximum normal-stress theory, 40 numerical methods, 13
numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, 14
222
 O primary clarifier efficiency, 162
prime implicant, 188
octanol-water partition coefficient, 149 principal stresses, 39
one-dimensional flows, 45 prismoid, 11, 142
One-Way Analysis of Variance (anova), 192 probability and density functions
open thermodynamic system, 57 means and variances, 197
open-channel flow and/or pipe flow, 49, 136 probability and statistics, 15
open-system availability, 60 probability functions, 16
operating lines, 106 product of inertia, 25
operational amplifiers, 182 progressions and series, 7
organic carbon partition coefficient Koc, 149 properties of series, 7
orifice properties of single-component systems, 56
discharge freely into atmosphere, 51 properties of water, 53
submerged, 51 psychrometric chart, 58, 65
orifices, 50 psychrometrics, 58
osmotic pressure of solutions of electrolytes, 165 pump, 214
Otto Cycle, 212 pump characteristics, 211
overall coefficients, 105 pump power equation, 48
overall heat-transfer coefficient, 68
overburden pressure, 150
overdamped, 89
Q
overflow rate, 162 quadratic equation, 3
oxidation, 78 quadric surface (sphere), 4
oxidation potentials, 81 queueing models, 190
oxidizing agent, 78
R
P
radiation, 68, 71
packing factor, 82 radiation half-life, 85
parabola, 3, 10 radiation shields, 71
paraboloid of revolution, 11 radius of curvature, 8
parallel radius of gyration, 25
resonance, 170 rainfall-runoff, 135
parallelogram, 11 random variate generation, 191
partial randomized block design, 192
derivative, 8 Raoult's law for vapor-liquid equilibrium, 60
pressures, 58 rapid mix, 164
volumes, 58 rate constants, 104, 160, 162
people requirements, 195 rate of heat transfer in a tubular heat exchanger, 69
periodic table of elements, 79 rate of transfer
permutations and combinations, 15 function of gradients at the wall, 73
pert, 196 in terms of coefficients, 73
P-h diagram for refrigerant HFC-134a, 64 rate-of-return, 93
pH of aqueous solutions, 78 rational formula, 135
phase margin, 88 Rayleigh equation for batch distillation, 71, 106
phase relations, 58 RC and RL transients, 170
phasor transforms of sinusoids, 169 reaction order, 104
PID controller, 89 reactive systems, 103
pipe bends, enlargements, and contractions, 48 reactors, 105
pitot tube, 50 recommended weight limit (U.S. Customary Units), 194
plane truss, 25 rectifying section, 106
method of joints, 25 reducing agent, 78
method of sections, 25 reduction, 78
plant location, 195 reel and paddle, 164
plug-flow reactor (PFR), 105 reference dose, 155
point source attenuation, 150 reflux ratio, 106
polar coordinates, 5 refrigeration and HVAC, 217
polymer additives, 86 refrigeration cycles, 58
polymers, 86 regular polygon (n equal sides), 11
population modeling, 150 reinforced concrete design, 115
Portland cement concrete, 85 relative volatility, 106
possible cathode reactions (reduction), 82 reliability, 193
power in a resistive element, 168 required power, 163
power law fluid, 44, 47 reradiating surface, 72
Prandlt number, 69 residential exposure equations, 156
Prandtl number, 73 resistivity, 167
press/shrink fits, 206 resistors in series and parallel, 168
pressure field in a static liquid, 44 resolution of a force, 24
primary bonds, 82 resonance, 170
223
resultant, 24 Stanton number, 73
retardation factor R, 149 state functions (properties), 56
reverse osmosis, 165 state-variable control-system models, 90
Reynolds number, 47, 163, 165 static loading, 204
right circular cone, 11 static loading failure theories, 40
right circular cylinder, 11 statically determinate truss, 25
risk, 155 statistical quality control, 189
RMS, 169 steady conduction with internal energy generation, 70
roots, 5 steady, incompressible flow in conduits and pipes, 47
Rose equation, 163 steady-state error ess(t), 88
Routh test, 89 steady-state mass balance for aeration basin, 159
rules of professional conduct, 99 steady-state systems, 57
steam power plants, 213
steam trap, 214
S steel structures (ASD, LRFD), 121
safe human dose, 155 Stokes' law, 166
salt flux through the membrane, 165 straight line, 3, 93
sample, 17, 192 stream modeling, 148
saturated water - temperature table, 62 Streeter Phelps, 148
Scaling laws, 211 stress and strain, 39
Schmidt number, 73 stress concentration in brittle materials, 83
screw thread, 25 stress, pressure, and viscosity, 44
SCS (NRCS) rainfall-runoff, 135 stresses in beams, 41
Second Law of Thermodynamics, 60 stresses in spur gears, 208
second-order control-system models, 89 stress-strain curve for mild steel, 38
second-order linear difference equation, 13, 174 stripper packing height = Z, 161
second-order linear nonhomogeneous differential equations stripping section, 106
with constant coefficients, 12 structural analysis, 114
second-order reaction, 104 Student's t-Distribution Table, 21
selected rules of nomenclature in organic chemistry, 101 subscripts, 92
series resonance, 170 sum of squares of random error, 193
settling equations, 165 superheated water tables, 63
shafts and axles, 204 surface factor, ka, 41
shape factor relations, 72 surface tension and capillarity, 44
shear design SVI, 159
steel, 123 sweep-through concentration change in a vessel, 110
shear stress-strain, 38 switching function terminology, 188
shearing force and bending moment sign conventions, 41 systems of forces, 24
Sherwood number, 73, 105
similitude, 52 T
simple planetary gearset, 207
Simpson's rule, 14 tabulated characteristics, 182
Simpson's Rule, 142 tank volume, 160
simulation, 191 Taylor Tool life formula, 196
sine-cosine relations, 169 Taylor's series, 8
single server models (s = 1), 190 t-Distribution, 17
size factor, kb, 41 t-distribution table, 21
sludge age, 160 temperature factor, kd, 41
Soderberg theory, 40 temperature-entropy (T-s) diagram, 60
soil landfill cover water balance, 150 tension members, steel, 121
soil-water partition coefficient, 149 test
solids residence time, 159 for a point of inflection, 8
solid-state electronics and devices, 182 for maximum, 8
solubility product constant, 78 for minimum, 8
source equivalents, 168 testing methods, 83
special cases of closed systems, 57 tests for out of control, 190
special cases of open systems, 57 thermal conductivity, 68
special cases of steady-flow energy equation, 57 thermal deformations, 38
specific energy, 136 thermal energy reservoirs, 60
specific energy diagram, 137 thermal processing, 82
specific fuel consumption (sfc), 213 thermo-mechanical properties of polymers, 86
sphere, 10 threaded fasteners, 205
spring material, 203, 204 design factors, 205
square thread power screws, 203 fatigue loading, 205
standard deviation charts, 190 Threshold Limit Value (TLV), 109
standard error of estimate, 17, 192 throttling valves & throttling processes, 57
standard oxidation potentials for corrosion reactions, 81 to evaluate surface or intermediate temperatures, 67
standard tensile test, 83 torsion, 41
standard time determination, 195 torsional strain, 41
224
total material balance, 106 unit normal distribution table, 20
traffic flow relationships (q = kv), 138 units, 167
transfer across membrane barriers, 77 universal gas constant, 56, 161, 165
transformers, 171
transient conduction using the lumped capacitance method, 70
transportation, 137
V
transportation models, 138 values of tα,n, 21
transpose, 6 Van Laar equation, 103
trapezoidal rule, 14, 142 vapor-liquid equilibrium, 103
trigonometry, 5 vapor-liquid mixtures, 60
turbines, pumps, compressors, 57 vectors, 6
turbulent flow, 69 velocity gradient, 164
turbulent flow impeller, 165 velocity ratio, 207
turbulent flow in circular tubes, 73 venturi meters, 50
turns ratio, 171 vertical curve formulas, 140
two work centers, 195 viscosity, 44
two-body problem, 71 voltage, 163, 167
two-film theory (for equimolar counter-diffusion), 105 volumetric efficiency, 213
two-stage cycle, 217
two-way ANOVA table, 196
type of spring ends, 203 W
typical primary clarifier efficiency percent removal, 162 wastewater treatment technologies, 159
Weber number, 52
U Weir formulas, 137
Weir loadings, 163
U.S. civilian body dimensions, female/male, for ages 20 to 60 years, work sampling formulas, 196
200
ultrafiltration, 166
underdamped, 89 Z
uniaxial loading and deformation, 38 zero-order reaction, 104
uniaxial stress-strain, 38 z-transforms, 174
unidirectional diffusion of a gas through a second stagnant gas b, 105

225