4th Exam- Hydrology

I. Multiple Choices

1. This agency is the primarily responsible for the collection of stream flow data and for providing
the public with mapmaking services and acting as the central mapping agency.
a. NIA c. PAG-ASA
b. NWRB d. NAWDEX
2. This agency is the responsible for ensuring the optimum exploitation, utilization, development,
conservation and providing methods and standards for data collection, project investigation,
and formulation.
a. PAG-ASA c. NWRB
b. NIA d. USGS
3. Field surveys are the primary sources of ____________.
a. hydrology data c. hydrologic data
b. precipitation data d. run-off data
4. The ultimate goal of data collection in hydrology is to provide a set of ______________.
a. sufficient good quality data c. sufficient resources
b. data d. good records
5. This agency is responsible in gathering and reporting water discharge data.
a. NIA c. PAG-ASA
b. NWRB d. NAWDEX
6. _____________ is one of our most important natural resources. Without it, there would be no
life on earth. Supply may be available, but it is not always in the right place, at the right time and
of the right quality. That's why Hydrological Data is important.
a. soil c. trees
b. water d. sunlight
7. Primarily responsible for the collection of stream flow data.
a. PAGASA c. NWRB
b. NPC d. NOAA
8. Responsible for providing the public with mapmaking services and acting as the central
mapping agency, depository, and distribution facility of natural resources data in the form
of maps, charts, text and statistics.
a. NOAA
b. PAGASA
c. NWRB
d. NMRIA
9. NOAA means
a. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
b. National Operation and Atmospheric Administration
c. National Operation and Atmospheric Association
d. Non Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
10. The preceding sections have assessed the potential effects of climate change on river
flows, _______________ and other biophysical components of the water resource base,
and demands for that resource.
a. Groundwater System c. Groundwater Recharge
b. System Charges d. Runoff System
11. The consequences, or impacts, of such changes on risk or resource reliability depend not
only on the biophysical changes in stream flow, recharge, sea-level rise, and water quality
but also on the characteristics of the ___________________.
a. Water Distribution System c. Water Management System
b. Flowing System d. Runoff System
12. The impacts of climate change on hydrology usually are estimated by defining scenarios
for changes in climatic ____________ to a hydrological model from the output of general
circulation models.
a. Resources c. Outputs
b. Changes d. Inputs
13. ____________ is concerned with the study and control of how varied human activities
affect the relationship between water and other natural resources.
a. Water resource c. Watershed management
b. Hydrologic cycle d. Water management
14. Decline in soil productivity as the topsoil erodes and the hydrological, biological, chemical,
and physical properties of soil are changed.
a. Vegetation degradation c. Soil degradation
b. Water degradation d. Land conversion
15. Dwindling arable and forestlands due to land use change such as urban settlements,
industrial parks, roads, and golf courses.
a. Land conversion c. Soil degradation
b. Water degradation d. Vegetation degradation
16. Decrease in vegetative ground cover and the decline in the quality and quantity of natural
biomass.
a. Land conversion c. Soil degradation
b. Water degradation d. Vegetation degradation
17. Decrease in the quantity and quality of both surface and ground water and increased risk
of downstream flood damage.
a. Land conversion c. Soil degradation
b. Water degradation d. Vegetation degradation
18. Reduction in the diversity of species. The most extreme form of degradation is the
extinction of some species of fauna and flora.
a. Soil degradation c. Biodiversity degradation
b. vegetation degradation d. Water degradation
19. Resources must be used and managed in an economically efficient manner and must
benefit the greatest number of people for ___________.
a. Economic Sustainability c. Systematic Sustainability
b. Political Sustainability d. Institutional Sustainability
20. Community-based organizations, NGOs, LGUs, and national agencies involved in
watershed management planning, implementation, and monitoring should have the
financial and human resources to sustain the delivery of services for ___________.
a. Economic Sustainability c. Ecological Sustainability
b. Social and Cultural Sustainability d. Institutional Sustainability
21. Human activities such as upland agriculture, land conversions, destructive mining and
illegal logging, among others have caused the _______________ in the Philippines.
a. degradation of watersheds c. soil erosion
b. land destructions d. All of the above
22. ___________ is clearing earth’s forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to
the quality of land.
a. soil erosion c. deforestation
b. flooding d. All of the above
23. The technologies and production process involved in using and developing a watershed’s
natural resources should not have adverse environmental effects.
a. Economic Sustainability c. Ecological Sustainability
b. Social and Cultural Sustainability d. Institutional Sustainability
24. The use and development of the watershed’s resources should be compatible with the
culture and values of the people affected by it and should strengthen community identity.
a. Economic Sustainability c. Ecological Sustainability
b. Social and Cultural Sustainability d. Institutional Sustainability
25. The Article 11 of the constitution maintains that the State shall protect and advance the
right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accordance with the _______.
a. Economic Sustainability of nature c. Ecological Sustainability of nature
b. rhythm and harmony of nature. d. needs of nature
II. Identification
26-28. Give at least three (3) Agencies in the Philippines that collects Hydrologic Data (Acronyms)

a.) PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration
b.) NIA – National Irrigation Administration
c.) NPC – National Power Corporation
d.) NWRB – National Water Resources Board
e.) NMRIA - National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
f.) NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

29-30. Give at least two (2) Guiding principles for improved watershed management

1. Ecological Sustainability
2. Social and Cultural Sustainability
3. Economic Sustainability
4. Institutional Sustainability

III. Problem Solving

31. Find the flow rate in m3/sec/m length (at right angles to the cross section shown) through the
permeable soil layer shown in the figure. Given H = 8 m, H1 = 3 m, h = 4 m, L = 50 m, a = 8, and k =
0.08 cm/sec. (4 points)
Answer:
32. The average rainfall in a watershed is 50 inches per year. And the average ET is 32
in/year. Assume no ground water crosses the watershed boundary. What is the stream
runoff flux in ft/year? What fraction of rainfall is ET? (3 pts)
Solution:
a. ET + Ru = P
R = P – ET
R = (50 in/yr) – (32 in/yr)
R = 18 in/yr ≈ 1.5 ft/yr
b. ET/P = 32/50 = 0.64 x 100% = 64 %

33. The recession ordinates of the flood hydrograph (FHO) for the Lakhwar dam site across
river Yamina are given below with the corresponding flood hydrograph. Determine the
value of K using Clark’s approach. (3 points)
Time (hr) 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78
FHO (cumec) 1070 680 390 240 150 90 45 30 20
Figure: Solution:
K = ∆t/∆ln (Qo/Qin)
∆t = t1000 – t100
K = (31-59)/ln (1000/100)
K = -12.16 ≈ 12 hours delay