Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5 Oct 2000
2
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA AMD Fab 30 in Dresden, Germany
3
Impact of Utility Problems
• Cost of an Outage is relatively well defined
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
4
Impact of Utility Problems (cont.)
• Dr. Rinn Cleavelin w/ TI stated in a recent EPRI
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
6
Generation
What are the Solutions? •Fuel Cells
•Turbines
Storage
Reactive & Static •Gas Gen Sets
•Flywheels
•Tap Changers •Cogen
•SMES
•DVR •Batteries D-Statcom
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
Tools
Operations
Utility
Facilities
8
Centralized versus Distributed Solutions
• Centralized is preferred due to:
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
Electrical Utility
(Back-up & Export)
Gas Supply
(Energy Source)
Electricity
Chilled Water Hot Water
20kV +/-8%
5oC +/-0.5oC 32oC +/-1oC
50Hz +/-1%
11oC +/-1oC 80oC +3/-1oC
Sagless and
Uninterrupted
AMD Fab 30
11
Commercial Considerations
• Ownership - third party power supplier
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
13
Voltage/Frequency Support
Considerations
• Required to address utility faults when inter-tied and
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
generation/load variations
• Quick disconnect
• Batteries
• SMES
• Capacitors/DVR
• Automatic Tap Changers
• Motor Generators
• Flywheels
15
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA Cogeneration
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Simplified Cogeneration Plant Schematic
110kV Utility Network
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
Natural
Gas Supply
Control Open
Choke
System
PCD
Bypass
20kV High Quality Bus
AMD
17
PCD Block Diagram
20 kV Grid Quality Bus
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
Flywheel
= DC ~
G ~ M/G
0.6 kV Bus
Bus
=
Choke
Flywheel
= DC ~
G M/G
~ Bus
=
Transformer
Flywheel
= DC ~
G ~ Bus M/G
=
Generator Bi- Motor
Directional Generator 20 kV High Quality Bus
Converter
• Co-generation auxiliaries
supplied by both the Utility
(N+1)
Buses Open
CHOKE
~20MW
~1MW
PCD
BYPASS
20kV High Quality Bus
19
AMD
Fault on the Utility System
• N+1 Engine Generators on-line
• Stored energy from PCD is transferred to the Utility &
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
Generation Bus
• Transfer occurs within 10ms
• Disconnect from Utility w/in 80ms
• 80 to 120 ms the fault is
cleared by Utility Protection
110kV Transmission Network
• Co-generation operates in
island mode until fault clears
~5MW
Utility
• Co-generation reconnects EG EVC 20kV Grid Quality Bus
CHOKE
~20MW
Mutual
Inductance PCD
BYPASS
20kV High Quality Bus
Voltage and Frequency
remain w/in specification AMD
20
Loss of Generation or Sudden Load
Increase
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
Utility
EG EVC 20kV Grid Quality Bus
(N+1)
Open
CHOKE
~20MW
PCD
BYPASS
Voltage and Frequency 20kV High Quality Bus Up to 5MW
Utility
EG EVC 20kV Grid Quality Bus
(N+1)
Open
CHOKE
~20MW
Voltage and Frequency PCD
BYPASS
Up to 5MW
remain w/in specification 20kV High Quality Bus
AMD
22
Loss of 2 or More Generators
• Low gas alarm signals (engines will operate for a few
minutes on the residual) or the engine control system
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
initiates:
– Stop the transfer to electricity between the Utility via
the PCD
– Close tie breaker between “high” quality and the “grid”
quality busses
– Open the PCD circuit 110kV Transmission Network
~20MW
No reduction of EG
Utility
EVC 20kV Grid Quality Bus
CHOKE
~0MW
PCD
BYPASS
However, thermal capacity 20kV High Quality Bus
is reduced AMD 23
Actual System Performance
• 5 Feb 99 thunder storms caused 3 disturbances ~22% for
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA
80ms
• 17 Feb 99 heavy snow & winds caused 18 disturbances
(Max. Sag of 41% for 100ms)
• Last month, a maintenance crew error at a nearby utility
substation resulted in a 3 phase, 80% for 100ms sag
• Frequent engine trips (MTBT ~ 2 months)
25
Conclusions
• Semiconductor Manufacturers require immunity to voltage
sags (power quality) and interruptions (outages)
Power Quality 2000 - Boston, MA