Where Where

Hormone Secreted Synthesized Effector Effect Stimulated By Inhibited By

Growth Hormone Anterior Anterior Pituitary Bone, Muscle, cells growth, glucose uptake, breakdown of fatty acids GHRH (Growth Hormone Somatostatin
Anterior
Prolactin Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Mammary Glands stimulates milk production Prolactin Releasing Hormone x
Anterior
Endorpihins Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Pain centers in brain inhibit the perception of pain x x
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Anterior Stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete
(ACTH) Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Adrenal Cortex glucocorticoids Corticotropin Releasing Factor x
Thyroid-Stimulating hormone Anterior Stimulates thyroid gland to absorb iodine and then
(TSH) Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Thyroid Gland synthesize and release thyroid hormone Thyroid Releasing Hormone x
Anterior synthesize testosterone/ovulation and formation of estrogen, protesterone, estrogen, progesterone,
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Pituitary Anterior Pituitary interstitial cells of testes/ovaries corpus luteum gonadotropin releasing hormone gonadoropin releasing
Follicle-stimulating hormone Anterior
(FSH) Pituitary Anterior Pituitary seminiferous tubules/ovarian follicles maturation and sperm production/maturation of follicles estrogen and GnRH estrogen and GnRH
Posterior
Oxytocin Pituitary Hypothalamus uterus/mammary glands contractions/milk production childbirth/suckline
Posterior osmolarity increases or blood
ADH (Vasopressin) Pituitary Hypothalamus nephron increased permeability to water, reabsorption of water volume decreases alcohol and caffeine
high plasma levels of thyroid
Thyroid Hormones (T4 and T3) Thyroid Thyroid many tissues metabolic activity TSH hormones
Calcitonin Thyroid Thyroid bone, kidney, liver decreases blood calcium level high blood calcium levels
Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid Parathyroid bond, kidney, intestines increases blood calcium level low blood calcium levels Ca2+
Glucocorticoids (cortisol and increases blood glucose level and decreases protein negative feedback
cortisone) Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Cortex glucose regulation and protein metabolism pathways synthesis ACTH mechanism
renin-angiotensin system
increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, rise in (specifically antiotensin II acting negative feedback
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Cortex nephron blood volume, and rise in blood pressure on adrenal cortex to secrete) mechanism
Epinephrine and Adrenal muscle, liver, heart, circulatory system, brain, skin,
Norepinephrine Medulla adrenal medulla digestive tract increases blood glucose and heart rate sympathetic nervous system
alpha cells of stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver; low blood sugar levels, gastrin,
Glucagon Pancreas pancreas lots increases blood glucose CCK high blood sugar levels
beta cells of
Insulin Pancreas pancreas muscle, liver, adipose lowers blood glucose and increases storage of glycogen high blood sugar levels low blood sugar levels
delta cells of high amino acid levels, CCK and
Somatostatin Pancreas pancreas lots suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin GH x
interstitial cells of
Testosterone Testis testes embryo maintains male secondary sex characteristics FSH and LH x

ovarian follicles
and the corpus
Estrogen luteum ovary/placenta endometrium, others maintains female secondary sex characteristics LH and FSH death of corpus luteum
Progesterone corpus luteum ovary/placenta endometrial walls promotes growth/maintenance of endometrium LH and FSH death of corpus luteum
blastocyst and second trimester/secretion
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin corpus luteum placenta preserves corpus luteum maintains a pregnancy first trimester pregnancy by placenta
Melatonin Pineal Gland Pineal Gland brain unclear/ maybe circadian rhythms light and dark cycles in
Atrial natriuretic hormone Heart Heart kidney involved in osmoregulation x x
Thymosin Thymus thymus gland T-lymphocyte production stimulates T lymphocyte development childhood adulthood
throughout
nervous
Acetylcholine system motor neurons, para and sympathetic nerves, neurotransmitter acetylchoinesterase
mouth and
Amylase pancrease starches starch-->maltose
intracellular hormone binding to protein
Adenylate cyclase space ATP ATP-->cAMP receptor
liquid
component of
Fibrin blood tissue formation of blood clot thrombin cleaves fibrinogen

Gastrin pyloric mucosa pyloric glands gastric glands stimulates secretion of gastric juices food enters stomach
Pepsin chief cells gastric glands proteins hydrolysis gastrin

hydrocholoric acid parietal cells gastric glands pepsin, food, bacteria pepsin to active form, hold food together, kill bacteria gastrin
maltase, lactase, sucrase, intestinal
peptidase mucosa intestinal mucosa
secretin duodenum duodenum pancreas secrete pancreatic juice acidity of chyme
pancreatic juice pancrease pancrease chyme neutralizes acidity, digests, carbs, fats, proteins secretin
CCK duodenum duodenum pancreas and liver secrete pancreatic enzymes and bile chyme in duodenum
Bile gall bladder liver fats in the duodenum emulsification of fats CCK
enterogastrone duodenum duodenum stomach smooth muscle slows peristalsis and release of chyme into sm. Intestine lots of fat in chyme
intestinal
enterokinase glands small intestine trypsinogen trypsinogen to trypsin
trypsin, chymotrypsin small intestine pancreas peptide bonds (trypsin converts chymotripsinogen to chymotrypsin)
carboxypeptidase small intestine pancreas terminal peptide bond at C-end hydrolysis
amino and di peptidases small intestine intestinal glands peptide bonds hydrolysis
lipase small intestine pancreas lipids hydrolysis
carbonic anhydrase RBCs RBCs CO2 + H20 and H2CO3 interconversion of the two high CO2 levels or H+ levels

juxtaglomerular angiotensinogen-->antiotensis I-->antiotensis II (acts on

renin kidney cells antiotensinogen adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone) low blood volume