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PRACTICO N° 8
Fc´= 280kg/cm2
Fy=4200kg/cm2
CARGA TRANSITORIA
SISTEMA I
-Tomar en cuenta “el sistema que me de mayor esfuerzo se diseñara con el de mayor
solicitación”.
CALCULO DE VIGA
CARGA PERMANENTE
1. Carga de Barandado
18.7𝑚
# espacios (baranda) = 2
𝑇𝑛
Peso del poste = 2.5 ∗ (0.17𝑚 ∗ 0.2𝑚 ∗ 1.10𝑚)
𝑚ᵌ
0.0935𝑇𝑛
Peso del poste =
1.85𝑚(𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎)
𝑇𝑛
Peso del poste = 0.0505 𝑚
𝑇𝑛
Peso del Pasamano = 3 ∗ ((0.15𝑚 ∗ 0.16𝑚) ∗ (1.85𝑚 − 0.2𝑚)) ∗ 2.5
𝑚ᵌ
0.297𝑇𝑛 𝑇𝑛
Peso del Pasamano = 1.65𝑚(𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜) = 0.18 𝑚
𝑻𝒏 𝑻𝒏 𝑻𝒏
Peso del barandado total = 0.0505 𝒎
+ 0.18 𝒎 = 0.2305 𝒎
2. Carga de Acera
𝑙 1.3𝑚
el = 10 = 10
= 0.13𝑚 ; Adopto el = 0.15m
𝑇𝑛
Carga de Acera = (0.15𝑚 ∗ 1.3𝑚) ∗ 2.5 𝑚3
𝑻𝒏
Carga de Acera = 0.4875 𝒎
4
3. Carga de Bordillo
ℎ𝑏 = 0.25𝑚
𝑠+3
Espesor de losa: 𝑡𝑓 = 30
≥ 0.165𝑚
Calculo de ”s”
8−2∗(0.9𝑚)
8𝑚 = 2𝑎 + 3𝑠; 𝑆= 3
𝑆 = 2.067𝑚
2.067𝑚+3𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 30
= 0.169𝑚 por lo tanto, ≥ 0.165m
Adopto tf = 0.20m
Se recomienda a = 0.90m
𝑒𝑏 ≥ 𝑡𝑓
𝑒𝑏 = 0.20𝑚
𝑻𝒏 𝑻𝒏
Carga de Bordillo = (𝟎. 𝟐𝒎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒎) ∗ 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝑻𝒏 𝑻𝒏
Carga del Tablero = 0.2m * 4m * 2.5 𝒎𝟑 = 2 𝒎
5. Carga de la Viga
5
ℎ = 0.07 ∗ 𝐿
ℎ = 0.07 ∗ 18 = 1.26𝑚
𝑏 = (0.25~0.50) ∗ ℎ
𝑏1 = 0.25 ∗ 1.26 = 0.315𝑚 Por lo tanto Adopto:
𝑏2 = 0.50 ∗ 1.26 = 0.630𝑚 h = 1.26m
b = 0.36m
𝐓𝐧 𝐓𝐧
PESO DE LA VIGA = 1.06m * 0.35m * 2.5 𝐦𝟑 = 0.9275 𝐦
𝑻𝒏 𝑻𝒏
Peso de Capa de Rodadura = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒎 ∗ 𝟒𝒎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎
TABLA RESUMEN
𝟗.𝟔𝟒𝟔 𝑻𝒏
Carga por viga = 𝒒 = 𝟒(𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂𝒔) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝒎
6
ANALISIS DE RIOSTRAS
𝑇𝑛
Peso de Riostras = (0.94𝑚 ∗ 0.25𝑚 ∗ 1.717𝑚) ∗ 2.5 𝑚3 = 1.009
𝟑∗𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝑻𝒏
Peso que le llega a cada viga de riostra = 𝟒
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟔𝑻𝒏
CARGA TRANSITORIA
SISTEMA 1
145 𝐾𝑁
P= 9.807
= 14.79
35 𝐾𝑁
P= 9.807
= 3.57
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑔 1000𝑚𝑚 1𝑇𝑛
q = 9.3 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 9.807 𝑁 ∗ 1𝑚
∗ 1000𝑘𝑔 = 0.948 /m
7
TEOREMA DE BARRE
C/2 = 0.728m
n = 4.471
n1 = 2.495
n2 =2.147
18∗4.471
Momento de Carga Viva = 14.79 ∗ (2.147 + 4.471) + 3.57 ∗ (2.147) + 0.948 ∗
2
Carga Permanente
Solución:
′
𝑙∗ 18 ∗ 4,471
𝑀𝐷𝐶 =𝑞∗( ) = 2,41 ∗ ( ) = 96,97 .𝑚
2 2
= 4,471
9 ∗ 4,471
3 = = 4,136
9,728
,,
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0,756 ∗ 4,136 = 3,141 𝑡 ∗ 𝑚
´ ´´
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶
M carga muerta= 96,97 Tn*m + 3,14 Tn*m= 100,11 Tn*m
9
18 ∗ 4,471
𝑀𝐷𝑊 = 0,225 ∗ ( ) = 9,05 ∗𝑚
2
Para el estado límite de resistencia I
𝑀𝑢 = 𝛾𝐷𝐶 ∗ 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝛾𝐿𝐿 ∗ 𝑀𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 ∗ 𝑔 + 𝛾𝐷𝑤 ∗ 𝑀𝐷𝑊
D= Factor de distribución de carga
Mu= 1,25 * 100,11 + 1,75 * 185,37 * g + 1,5* 9,05
Rango de aplicabilidad
1100𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑆 ≤ 4900𝑚𝑚
110𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑡𝑠 ≤ 300𝑚𝑚
S: espesor de losa ts: espesor de losa
Longitud
6000𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝐿 ≤ 73000𝑚𝑚
Numero de viga
𝑁𝐵 ≥ 4
10
𝐼 = 𝐼 𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑎
En el caso de que tengamos tablero de Hormigón Armado y viga de hormigón pretensado
Viga
350∗10603
𝐼= = 3,47𝑥1010 𝑚𝑚4
12
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 350 ∗ 1060 = 371000𝑚𝑚2
11
200 1060
𝑒𝑔 = + = 630𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝐾𝑔 = 1,8195𝑥1011 𝑚𝑚4
𝐾𝑔 = 1,8195𝑥1011 𝑚𝑚4
Para un carril cargado:
Viga Externa
Determinación de momento
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0
𝑃 𝑃
𝑔𝑒𝑥𝑡 ∗ 𝑠 = ∗ (𝑆 + 𝑎 − 0,6) + ∗ (𝑆 + 𝑎 − 2,4)
2 2
𝑆 + 𝑎 − 1,5 2,06 + 0,9 − 1,5
𝑔𝑒𝑥𝑡 = = = 0,7087 = 70,87%
𝑠 2,06
Incide el 70,87% de todo el peso común de la viga
Para dos o mas carriles:
𝑑𝑒
𝑔𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 → 𝑒 = 0,77 + → −300𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑑𝑒 ≤ 1700𝑚𝑚
2800
13
𝑏𝑤 350𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑒 = 𝑎 − = 900𝑚𝑚 − = 725𝑚𝑚 𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒!
𝑤 2
725
𝑒 = 0,77 + = 1,029
2800
𝑔𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 0,635 ∗ 1,029 = 0,6313
Resumen
Un carril Dos carril Viga
G 0,4566 0,6135 G int
G 0,7087 0,6313 G ext
Diseño
Viga Interior
𝑳𝒆 𝟏𝟖
𝒃𝒆 { = − = 𝟒, 𝟓𝒎}
𝟒 𝟒
𝒃𝒘 𝟎, 𝟑𝟓
𝒃𝒆 {𝟏𝟐𝒕𝒔 + = −𝟏𝟐 ∗ (𝟎, 𝟐) + = 𝟐, 𝟓𝟖𝒎}
𝒘 𝟐
𝒃𝒆{𝑺 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝒎}
Adoptamos la menor be= 2,06m
15
2 ∗ 𝑀𝑢
𝑎1 = 𝑑 ∗ (1 ± √1 −
𝛷 ∗ 𝑘 ∗ 𝑑2
2 ∗ 337.73
𝑎1 = 1.134 ∗ (1 + √1 −
0.9 ∗ 4902.8 ∗ 1.1342
a1= 2.198 m
2 ∗ 337.73
𝑎2 = 1.134 ∗ (1 − √1 −
0.9 ∗ 4902.8 ∗ 1.1342
a2= 0.0696 m
z= d-a/2= 1.134 – 0.0696/2 = 1.099m
𝑴𝒖 𝟑𝟑𝟕.𝟕𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟓
As= = = 81.30 cm²
𝜱∗𝒇𝒚∗𝒛 𝟎.𝟗∗𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟗.𝟗
0.2 1.06
2.06 ∗ 0.2 ∗ (1.26 − 2 ) + 0.35(1.26 − 0.2)( 2 )
𝑦𝑔 = = 0.8615 𝑚
(2.06 ∗ 0.2 + (0.35(1.06)))
𝑡𝑠 0.2
𝑑1 = (ℎ − 𝑌𝑔 − ) = 1.26 − 0.8615 − = 0.2986𝑚
2 2
ℎ − 𝑡𝑠 (1.26 − 0.2)
𝑑2 = 𝑦𝑔 − = 0.8615 − = 0.3315𝑚
2 2
𝐼𝑥𝑔 = (𝐼𝑥𝑔1 + 𝑑 21 ∗ 𝐴1) + (𝐼𝑥𝑔2 + 𝑑2 2 ∗ 𝐴2)
2.06 ∗ 0.23 2
0.35 ∗ (1.26 − 0.2)3
𝐼𝑥𝑔 = ( + 0.2986 ∗ 2.06 ∗ 0.2) + ( + 0.33152 ∗ 1.06
12 12
∗ 0.35)
Ixg= 0.1136𝑚4
332 ∗ 0.1136
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = = 43.78𝑡 . 𝑚 << 𝑀𝑢
0.8615
VOLVIENDO A CALCULAR “a”
2 ∗ 53.41
𝑎 = 1.134 ∗ (1 − √1 − ) = 0.0107𝑚
0.9 ∗ 4902.8 ∗ 1.1342
Donde: Mmin=1.22*Mcr
18
Mmin= 1.22*43.78
Mmin= 53.41 tn.m
𝑎 0.0107
𝑧=𝑑− = 1.134 − = 1.13𝑚
2 2
𝑀𝑢 53.41𝑥105
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖 = = = 12.5𝑐𝑚² << 81.30𝑐𝑚²
∅ ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝑧 0.9 ∗ 4200 ∗ 113
Mmin= 53.41 tn.m << Mu= 337 tn.m
ARMADURA MAXIMA
C
≥ 0.42 EXISTE ARMADURA MAXIMA
D
a= 𝛽1 ∗ 𝐶
𝑎 0.0696 𝑐 0.082
𝑐= = = 0.082 = = 0.07 < 0.42 𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝐴°𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝛽1 0.85 𝑑 1.134
ENCONTRANDO A°s
81.25𝑐𝑚2
∅20 => #𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 = = 25.87 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠 => 26∅20 = 81.04𝑐𝑚²
3.14𝑐𝑚2
𝑏
81.25𝑐𝑚2
∅25 => #𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 = = 16.55𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠 => 4∅25 = 19.64𝑐𝑚²
4.91𝑐𝑚2
𝑏
81.25𝑐𝑚2
∅32 => #𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 = = 10.11𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠 => 8∅32 = 64.32𝑐𝑚²
8.04𝑐𝑚2
𝑏
ADOPTAMOS 8∅32 + 4∅25 = 83.96𝑐𝑚
19
VIGA EXTERIOR
−𝐿 𝑠 18 2.06
be ≤ * + = + = 3.28𝑚
8 2 8 2
𝑏𝑤 𝑠 0.35 2.06
*−6 ∗ 𝑡𝑠 + + 2 = 6 (0.2) + + = 2.4𝑚
2 2 2
𝑠 2.06
* -−𝐿𝑎 + 2 = 0.90 + = 1.93𝑚
2
Adopto be=1.93 m
VERIFICACION Y CALCULOS DE A°s
𝑡𝑠
Mala=(0.85 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 ∗ 𝑓𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑠) (𝑑 − ) donde: d=0.9*Hv=0.9*1.26= 1.134 m
2
0.2
Mala=(0.85 ∗ 1.93 ∗ 2800 ∗ 0.2)(1.134 ∗ ) =949.92 tn.m >> Mu
2
2 ∗ 𝑀𝑢
𝑎 = 𝑑 ∗ (1 − √1 − 𝐾 = 0.85 ∗ 𝑓𝑐 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 = 0.85 ∗ 2800 ∗ 1.93
𝛷 ∗ 𝑘 ∗ 𝑑2
= 4593.4𝑡 /𝑚
20
2 ∗ 368.81
𝑎 = 1.134 ∗ (1 − √1 −
0.9 ∗ 4593.4 ∗ 1.1342
a= 0.082 m
VERIFICANDO SI ESTA CIERTO EL ACERO USADO
𝑑−𝑐
𝜀𝑠 = ( ) ∗ 𝜀𝑐
𝑐
𝑎 0.082
𝑐= = = 0.096𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
1.134 − 0.096 3
𝜀𝑠 = ( )∗
0.096 1000
𝜀𝑠 = 32.4%
Mn= t*z =c*z
Mn= As*fy*z
Mu 𝑀𝑢
Mu= *Mn entonces = As ∗ fy ∗ z ; 𝐴𝑠 =
∅ ∅∗𝑓𝑦∗𝑧
368.01𝑥105
𝐴𝑠 = = 89.22𝑐𝑚²
8.2
0.9 ∗ 4200 ∗ (113.4 − 2 )
89.22
∅25 => #𝑏 = = 18.17𝑏 18∅25 => 88.38 + 1∅20 => 3.14 = 91.52𝑐𝑚²
4.91
21
89.22
∅32 = #𝑏 = = 11.1 11∅32 => 88.47 + 1∅20 => 3.14 = 91.61𝑐𝑚²
8.04
10∅𝟑𝟐 => 𝟖𝟎. 𝟒 + 𝟐∅𝟐𝟓 = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝒄𝒎²
DETALLE
Yg ∗ Asreal = 4 ∗ 𝐴32 ∗ 6.8 + 4 ∗ 𝐴32 ∗ 15 + 2 ∗ 𝐴32 ∗ 23.2 + 2 ∗ 𝐴25 ∗ 22.85
Donde:
4 ∗ 8.04 ∗ 6.8 + 4 ∗ 8.04 ∗ 15 + 2 ∗ 8.04 ∗ 23.2 + 2 ∗ 4.91 ∗ 22.85
𝑌𝑔 =
90.22
Yg= 14.39 cm
RECALCULANDO
d= Hv-yg= 1.26-0.1439=1.12m
2 ∗ 368.81
𝑎 = 1.12 ∗ (1 − √1 − = 0.083 𝑚
0.9 ∗ 4593.4 ∗ 1.122
368.61
𝐴𝑠𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑎 = = 90.42 𝑐𝑚²
0.083
0.9 ∗ 4.2 ∗ (1.12 − )
2
DIMENSIONAMIENTO A CORTE
CARGA PERMANENTE.-
Riostras
22
CARGA TRANSITORIA
13.70∗1
1= =0.76
18
9.40∗1
2= =0.52
18
CORTANTE DE IMPACTO
1 ∗ 18
𝑄𝐿𝐿+𝐼 = 1.33 ∗ [(14.7 ∗ (1 + 0.76)) + 3.57 ∗ 0.52 + 0.948 ∗ ]
2
𝑄𝐿𝐿+𝐼 = 45.62
23
CARGA DE RODADURA
1 ∗ 18
𝑄𝐷𝑁 = 0.225 ∗ ( ) = 2.025
2
CORTANTE ULTIMO PARA VIGA DE INTERIOR
𝑄𝑈 = 1.25 ∗ 𝑄𝐷𝐶 + 1.75 ∗ 𝑄𝐿𝐿+𝐼 ∗ 𝑔𝐼𝑁𝑇 + 1.5 ∗ 𝑄𝐷𝑁
HALANDO “g”
- UN CARRIL
𝑆 2060
𝑔1 = 0.36 + = 0.36 + = 0.63
7600 7600
- DOS O MAS CARRILES
2
𝑆 𝑆 2060 2060 2
𝑔2 = 0.2 + −( ) = 0.2 + −( ) = 0.74
3600 10700 3600 10700
VIGA EXTERIOR
PARA Qu=88.25 Tn
ASUMO
As = 2∅12MM = 2.26cm2
𝐴𝑠 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝑑 2.26 ∗ 4.2 ∗ 1.12
𝑆1 = = = 0.12𝑚
𝑄𝑢 90.64
25
CARGA DE LOSA
PBARANDA=0.2305*1=0.2305*1.415
PACERA=0.4875*1=0.4875*0.850
PBORDILLO=0.25*1=0.25*0.10
∑ = 0.968
26
BARANDA
MM=0.2305*1.415+0.4875*0.84+0.25*0.10
MM = 0.7656 Tn*m
QUEDA
0.902
𝑀𝐷𝐶 𝐴(−) = 0.968 ∗ 0.90 + 0.7656 + 0.484 ∗
2
𝑀𝐷𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 = 1.833 ∗𝑚
𝐴(−) 0.902
𝑀𝐷𝑊 = 0.113 ∗ = 0.046 ∗𝑚
2
2.062
𝑀𝐷𝐶 𝐵−𝐷(+) = 0.484 ∗ = 0.2567 ∗𝑚
8
(+) 2.062
𝑀𝐷𝑊 = 0.113 ∗ = 0.060 ∗𝑚
8
“MOMENTOS DE CARGA PERMANENTE”
D-C
27
D-W
M S
17670 150
X 175
14550 225
3120 17670 − 𝑋
=
75 25
𝑋 = 16630 ∗ 𝑚 Momento sacado por tabla
29
Para S= 2100 mm
3520 19580−𝑥
75
= 25
M S
3520 X 175 75
16060 225
Para S= 2060 mm
X= 17696 Nmm/mm M S
18406.67 2100
Hallando MLL+ = ?
X=23140 Nmm/mm M S
22780 2000
X 2060
23380 2100
Carga Muerta
Carga Viva
Armadura Inferior
Mu+= 1.25*MCD+ +1.75* MLL+ + 1.55* MDW+
ts= 20 cm
100 cm
rm= 4.5 cm
2M𝑢+
a= d*(1- √1 − )
ø∗𝑘∗𝑑 2
𝑇𝑛 𝑇𝑛
k= 0.85* fc’ *b = 0.85*2800 𝑚2* 1m =238 𝑚
Asumo ø = 0.90
2∗4.54 tn.m
a= 0.155m*(1- √1 − )
0.90∗2380∗0.1552
a= 0.01434 m
Verificando ø
𝑑−𝑐
Es = ( ) *Ec ≥ 0.05
𝑐
31
𝑎 0.01434
c= = = 0.017 m
Ɓ1 0.85
0.155𝑚−0.017𝑚
Es = ( ) *0.03 ≥ 0.05
0.017
𝑀𝑢
ø Mn ≥ Mv Mn =
ø
𝑑−𝑎
Mn = As* Fy *( )
2
𝑀𝑢 4.54 𝑇𝑛.𝑚
As = 𝑎 As = 0.01434
ø∗𝐹𝑦∗ (𝑏− 2 ) 0.90∗4.2∗ (0.135− 2
)
As = 8.12 cm2
𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟎
%X= = 𝟖𝟒, 𝟔𝟎𝟓 % ≤ 𝟔𝟕%
√𝟐𝟎𝟔𝟎
Por tanto
% X = 𝟔𝟕%
Adopto = 0,67 * 8,12 cm2 = 5,44 cm2
32
ARMADURA PRINCIPAL
8,12
12mm #𝑏 = 7,2 = 8 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠
1,13
8,12
16mm #𝑏 = 4,04 = 5 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑠
2,01
Adopto ∅ 12 𝑚𝑚 𝑐/12,5 𝑐𝑚
DETALLE
33
CARGA TRANSITORIA
𝜀 = 1140 + 0,833 ∗ 𝑋
4,75 𝑡𝑛.𝑚
MLL- = = 2,9 Tn.m
1,639 𝑚
a=0.032 m
𝑎 0.032
c= = =0.038
Ɓ1 0.85
0.155𝑚−0.038𝑚
Es = ( ) *0.03 ≥ 0.05
0.038
Ø= 0.90
𝑀𝑢 9.041 𝑇𝑛.𝑚
As = 𝑎 As = 0.032
ø∗𝐹𝑦∗ (𝑏−2 ) 0.90∗4.2∗ (0.155− 2 )
As = 17.21cm2
8.04
Ø12mm #b= = 7.12 = 8 barras
1.13
Ø12mm c/ 6.25 cm
Armadura Losa Interior
35
Armadura Losa Exterior
36
Armadura Viga Interior
37
Armadura Viga Exterior
38