Soal Akuntansi Manajemen

Hitungan
1. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 340-341)
Ferris Corporation makes a single product-afire-resistant commercial filling cabinet- that it sells
to office furniture distributors. The company has a simple ABC system that is uses for internal
decision making. The Company has two overhead departments whose cost are listed below:

Manufacturing overhead $500,000

Selling and administrative overhead 300,000

Total overhead costs $800,000

The company’s ABC system has the following activity cost pools and activity measures:

Activity Cost Pool Activity Measure

Assembling units Number of units
Processing orders Number of orders
Supporting customers Number of customers
Other Not applicable

Cost assigned to the “Other” activity cost pool have no activity measure; they consist of the costs
of unused capacity and organization-sustaininng costs-neither of which are assigned to
products,orders ,or customers.

Ferris Corporation distributes the costs of manufacturing overhead and of selling and
administrative overhead to the activity cost pools based on employee interviews, the results of
which are reported below:

Distribution of Resource Consumption Across Activity Cost Pools

Assembling Processing Supporting
Other Total
Units Orders Customers
Manufacturing overhead 50% 35% 5% 10% 100%
Selling and administrative
Overhead 10% 45% 25% 20% 100%
Total activity 1,000 250 100
Units Orders Customesrs
Required:

a) Perform the first-stage allocation of overhead cost to the activity cost pools
b) Compute activity rates for the activity cost pools
c) OfficeMart is one of Ferris Corporation’s customers. Last year, OfficeMart ordered filing
cabinets four different times. OfficeMart ordered total of 80 filing cabinets during the
year.Construct a table showing the overhead costs of these 80 units and four orders.
 d) The selling price of afiling cabinet is $595. The cost of direct materials is $180 per filing
cabinet, and direct laor is $50 per filing cabinet. What is the product margin on the 80
filing cabinets ordered by OfficeMart ?How profitable is OfficeMart as a customer?
Solution
a) The first-stage allocation of costs to the activity cost pools appears below:

Activity Cost Pools

Assembling Processing Supporting
Other Total
Units Orders Customers
Manufacturing overhead $250,000 $175,000 $25,000 $50,000 $500,000
Selling and administrative
Overhead 30,000 135,000 75,000 60,000 300,000
Total activity $280,000 $310,000 $100,000 $110,000 $800,000

b) The activity rates for the activity cost pools are:

(a) (b) (a) ÷ (b)

Activity Cost Pools Total Cost Total Activity Activity Rates
Assembling units $280,000 1,000 units $280 per unit
Processing orders $310,000 250 orders $1,240 per order
Supporting customers $100,000 100 customers $1,000 per customer

c) The overhead cost for the four orders of a total of 80 filing cabinets would be computed as
follows :

(a) (b) (a) x (b)

Activity Cost Pools Activity Rates Activity ABC Cost
Assembling units $280 per unit 80 units $22,400
Processing orders $1,240 per order 4 orders $4,960
Supporting customers $1,000 per customer Not applicable

d) The product and customer margins can be computed as follows:

Filing Cabinet Product Margin

Sales ($595 per unit x 80 units) $47,600
Cost:
Direct materials ($180 per unit x 80 units) $14,400
Direct Labor ($50 per unit x 80 units) 4,000
Unit-related overhead (above) 22,400
Order-related overhead (above) 4,960 45,760
Product margin $1,840

Customer Profitability Analysis-OfficeMart

Product margin (above) $ 1,840
Less: Customer-related overhead (above) 1,000
Customer margin $ 840
2. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 293-294)
Dexter Company produces and sells a single product, a wooden had loom for weaving small
item such as scraves. Selected cost and operating data relating to the product for two years are
given below :

Selling price per unit $50

Manufacturing costs:
Variable per unit produced:
Direct materials $11
Direct labor $6
Variable overhead $3
Fixed per year $120,000
Selling and administrative costs:
Variable per unit sold $5
Fixed per year $70,000

Year 1 Year 2
Units in beginning inventory 0 2,000
Units produced during the year 10,000 6,000
Units sold during the year 8,000 8,000
Units in ending inventory 2,000 0

Required :
Assume that the company uses absorption costing
a) Compute the unit product cost in each year
b) Prepare an income statement for each year
Solution
a) Under absorption costing , all manufacturing costs , variable and fixed , are include in
product costs :

Year 1 Year 2
Direct materials $11 $11
Direct labor 6 6
Variable manufacturing overhead 3 3
Fixed manufacturing overhead
($120,000 ÷ 10,000 units) 12
($120,000 ÷ 6,000 units) 20

Unit product cost $32 $40

 b) The absorption costing income statements follow :

Year 1 Year 2
Sales(8,000 x $50 per unit) $400,000 $400,000
Less cost of goods sold :
Beginning inventory $0 $64,000
Add cost of goods manufactured
(10,000 units x $32 per unit; 6,000 units x
$40 per unit) 320,000 240,000
Goods available for sale 320,000 304,000
Less ending inventory
(2,000 units x $32 per units ; 0 units x $40
per unit) 64,000 256,000 0 304,000
Gross margin 144,000 96,000
Less selling and administrative
Expenses (8,000 units x $5 per unit +
$70,000) 110,000 110,000
Net operating income $34,000 $(14,000)

3. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 243)

Pak Melani dan Kumar Hathiramani , former silk mercants from Bombay, opened a soup store in
Manhattan after watching a Seinfeld episode featuring the “soup Nazi.” The episode parodied a
real life soup vendor, Ali Yeganeh , whose loyal customers put up with hour-long lines and
“snarling customer service.” Melwani and Hathiramani approached Yeganeh about turning his
soup kitchen into a chain , but they were gruffly rebuffed. Instead of giving up , the two hired
French chef with a repertoire of 500 soups and opened a store called Soup Nutsy . for $6 per
serving , Soup Nusty offers 12 homemade soups each day , such as sherry crab bisque and Tahi
coconut shrimp . Melani and Hathiramani report that in their first year operation . they netted a
profit of $210,000 on sales of $700,000. They report that it costs about $2 per serving to make
the soup . So their variable expense ratio is one-third ($2 cost ÷ $6 selling price). If so , what are
their fixed expenses ?
Solution
Sales = Variable expense + Fixed expense + Profits
$700,000 = (1/3 x $700,000) + Fixed expense + $210,000
Fixed Expense = $700,000 - (1/3 x $700,000) - $210,000
= $256,667
4. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 679)
Lamar Company is studying a project that would have an eight-year life and require a $
2,400,000 invesment in equipment . At the end of eight years , the project would terminate and
the equipment would have no salvage value . The project would provide net operating income
each year as follows :

Sales $ 3,000,000
Less variable expense 1,800,000
Contribution margin 1,200,000
 Less fixed expense:
Advertising , salaries, and other fixed-out-of- $ 700,000
pocket costs 300,000
Depreciation 1,000,000
Total fixed expense $ 200,000
Net operating income
The company’s discount rate is 12%
Required:
a) Compute the net annual cash inflow from the project
b) Compute the project’s net present value , is the project acceptable ?
c) Compute the project’s payback period
Solution
a) The net annual cash inflow can be computed by deducting the cash expense from sales :

Sales $ 3,000,000
Less variable expense 1,800,000
Contribution margin 1,200,000
Less advertising , salaries, and other fixed-
out-of-pocket costs 700,000
Net annual inflow cash $ 500,000

Or it can be computed by adding depreciation back to net operating income :

Net operating income $ 300,000

Add: Noncash deduction for depreciation 200,000
Net annual inflow cash $ 500,000

b) The net present value can be computed as follows :

Amount of 12% Present Value

item Year(s)
Cash Flows factor of Cash Flows
Cost of new equipment Now $ (2,400,000) 1,000 $ 2,400,000
Net annual cash inflow 1-8 $ 500,000 4,068 2,484,000
Net present value 84,000
Yes , the project is acceptable since it has a positive net present value .
c) The formula for the payback period is :
Payback period = Invesment required
Net annual cah inflow
= $ 2,400,000
$ 500,000
= 4.8 years
5. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 566-567)
The Magnetic Imaging Division of Medical Diagnostics, Inc., has reported the following results for
last year’s operations ;

Sales $ 25 million

Neto operating income $ 3 million

Average operating assets $ 10 million

 Required :

a) Compute the margin , turnover , and ROI for the Magnetic Imaging Division
b) Top management of Madical Diagnostic, Inc., has set a minimum required rate of return
on average operating assets of 25%. What is the Magnetic imaging Division’s residual
income for the year ?
Solution
a) The required calculation follow :
Net operating income
Margin=
Sales
$ 3,000,000
¿
$ 25,000,000
= 12%

Sales
Trunover=
Average opera ting assets
$ 25,000,000
¿
$ 10,000,000
= 2.5
ROI = margin x Trunover
= 12% x 2.5
= 30%
b) The residual income for the Magenetic Imaging Division is computed as follows :

Average operating assets $ 10,000,000

Net operating income $ 3,000,000
Minimum required return (25% x $10,000,000) 2,500,000
Residual income $ 500,000

Teori
6. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 321)
A useful way to think about activities is to organize them into five general levels : unit-levels,
batch-levels , product-levels , customer-levels, and organization-sustaining activities. Please
describe about unit-levels activities !
Answer :
Unit-levels activities are performed each time a unit is produced . The costs of unit-level
activities should be propotional to the number of units produced. For example , providing power
to run processing equipment would be a unit- level activity since power tends to be consumed in
proportion to the number of units produced.
7. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 320)
 Mention steps for implementing Activity Based Costing !
Answer
a) Identify and define activities and activity cost pools
b) Wherever possible , directly trace costs to activities and cost objects
c) Assign costs to activity costs pools
d) Calculate activity rates
e) Assign cost to cost objects using the activity rates and activity measures
f) Prepare management reports

8. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 654)

What are included in typical capital budgeting decisions ?
Answer
 Cost reduction decisions. Should new equipment be purchased to reduce costs?
 Expansion decisions. Should a new plant , warehouse, or other facility be acquired to
increase capacity and sales ?
 Equipment selection decisions. Which of several available machines should be
purchased?
 Lease or buy decisions. Should new equipment be leased or purchased ?
 Equipment replacement decisions. Should old equipment be replaced now or later ?

9. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 233)

Please explain about CVP Relationships In Graphic Form!
Answer
The relationships among revenue , cost , profit , and volume can be expressed graphically by
preparing a cost-volume-profit (CVP) graph . A CVP graph highlights CVP relationships over wide
ranges of activity and can give managers a perspective that can be obtained in no other way.
10. (Managerial Accounting Garrison/Noreen/Brewer eleventh edition page 22)
In Standards of Ethical Conduct for Practitioner of Management Accounting and Financial
Management at Competence point , what do practitioner of management accounting and
financial management have a responsibility to ?
Answer
 Maintain an appropriate level of professional competence by ongoing development of
their knowledge and skills.
 Perform their professional duties in accordance with relevant laws , regulations, and
technical standards.
 Prepare complete and clear reports and recommendations after appropriate analysis of
relevant and reliable information.