Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MODULE 6
Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and Details
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Introduction
Objectives:
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*****
At this point, you are
heading into meaningful
activities and learning
encounters. Complete the
exercises and answer the
suggested worksheets to
experience lifelong, practical
learning that awaits at the end
of this module.
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_____9. Which of these common plumbing symbols/abbreviations indicates
a junction box?
a. JXB b. JBox c. JB b. JBX
_____10. The ideal or suggested size in constructing the septic tank for 15
people is______.
a. Depth- 1:20, W-1:0, L- 2:0 c. Depth 1:50 , W- 1:20, L-1:50
b. Depth- 1:50, W-1:5, L-150 d. Depth 2:50, W-1:50, L -2:50
_____11. Used to reduce the size of an opening
a. Bushing b. Unions c. Cap d. Plug
_____12. A network of pipes and fittings that carry off wastes and each
plumbing fixture is titled with the appropriate pipe and fitting
a. Sanitary installation c. Drainage system
b. Polyvinyl pipe and fittings d. Sanitary and storm drainage
_____13. Used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be
disassembled occasionally
a. Cap b. Plug c. Bushing d. Unions
_____14. A water distribution system shown in an elevation, on plan and on
isometric using the different symbols
a. Isometric draft c. Isometric water system
b. Water system diagram d. Schematic drawing
_____15. Which is NOT a type of valve:
a. Gate valve c. Check valve
b. Globe valve d. Metal valve
Skills Evaluation
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must
gain in order to draft a quality floor plan. The right side of the matrix lists the
skills expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much,” if
you are not so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot,” if you are already familiar
with the skills. Don’t feel badly if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills.
Keep in mind that this is being administered to determine your pre-entry
knowledge of and skills in the lesson to be presented.
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Learning Goals and Targets:
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
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Know
Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where it is left completely open
most of the time because it offers the least resistance to the flow of water.
Plumbing system refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to fixtures.
Overview
Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the household
through a system of pipes. Water distribution systems for residential and
commercial buildings are conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron, or G.I.
pipe.
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Hot and cold water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes
connected from the source under pressure to the building fixtures through a
water line distribution system.
Pipes used for water line distribution systems may be classified as:
1. Steel and wrought iron pipe
2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), Aluminum and
stainless Steel pipes, and CPV’C (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
pipe, and PPR pipes.
Water main refers to the public sewer system along the streets, or
laid underground where the service to the household is connected. Water
coming from it is under pressure but normally could serve only houses of
moderate height. A pump is installed to augment the pressure that forces
the water to move inside the pipe.
The size of the service pipe is determined by the demand of water. A
maximum demand is one factor, or the maximum discharge for plumbing
fixtures and the probable demand is another, which is the peak demand or
peak load.
Connection of Pipes
Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the material and
the demands of service. Steel, brass, or bronze pipes are normally threaded
and screwed into coupling and fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent
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lengths of pipes and to provide changes of direction, and branch
connections at any angle and to effect a change in size.
Connections
1. Threaded connections
2. Soldered fittings
3. Connection by f olded flanges
4. Solvent cement weld connections
Valves
1. Gate valves
2. Globe valves
3. Check valves
4. Pressure reducing valves
5. Safety valves
Valves are specified by giving nominal size, material, and ride.
Kinds of Fittings
1. Elbows are used to change direction of a pipeline to either 90
degrees or 45 degrees.
2. Tee connects three pipes.
3. Cross connects four pipes.
4. Couplings are used to connect straight section pipes.
5. Reducers are used to connect straight section pipes of different
sizes.
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6. Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends and
classified as close nipples and short nipple.
7. Cap is used to close the end of a pipe.
8. Plug is used to close an opening in a fitting.
9. Bushing is used to reduce the size of an opening.
10. Unions are used to close systems and to connect pipes that are
to be disassembled occasionally.
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Process
Suggested Activity 1
Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the correct answer and
write each answer on a separate sheet of paper.
__________ 1. It is used to stop or regulate the flow of fluids.
__________ 2. It is used to limit the flow of fluids to one direction only.
__________ 3. It is used to connect three pipes.
__________ 4. It is used to connect straight section pipes of different
sizes.
__________ 5. They are short pieces of pipes threaded at both ends.
__________ 6. They are full sized straightway openings that offer small
resistance to the flow of fluids.
__________ 7. It is used to join adjacent length of pipes.
__________ 8. It is used to close the end of a pipe.
__________ 9. It is used to close an opening or fitting.
__________ 10. It is a kind of layout for pipes used in architectural plans.
Know
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are always included in larger projects for small residences; the plumbing
layout is left to the contractor or the owner to decide.
COMMON PLUMBING
SYMBOLS
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They are used to show the type and location of fixtures, joints valves and
other devices.
The difference in appearance of an orthographic drawing of fixtures and
other devices with that of a schematic drawing is shown in the figure.
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SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL
Gate Valve – GT V
Pipe Outlet Up - P
Coupling - CPLG
Elbow 90° - EL
Elbow 45° - EL
Tee 90° - T
Clean Out - CO
Reducer - RED
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SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL
Flanged Fittings – FL FT
Screwed Fittings – SC FT
Meter – M
Floor Drain - FD
Cess Pool – CP
Dry Well - DW
SUMP PIT - SP
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Process
Suggested Activity 2
A. Draw the symbols for the following terms on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Faucet 6. Hose bib
2. Water closet 7. Lavatory
3. Gate valve 8. Water meter
4. Shower 9. Kitchen sink
5. Floor drain 10. Clean out
B. Classification: Given the word pool below, try to find where each of these
word belongs.
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2. In as much as the kitchen is adjacent to the toilet and bath, naturally the
source of water supply comes from the same direction. Try to draw the layout of
the water supply line to the different fixtures they have identified.
Try to draw the water supply line to indicate the pipe fittings used and the
different fixtures and the water flow.
3. After highlighting the pipe fittings used and indicated the water supply
source and its flow, darken the supply line and indicate the pipe and fixture
specifications by writing them beside the fixtures as indicated by the arrow. Then,
write down the legend for identification.
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A typical diagram of the plumbing system of a single detached one-storey
dwelling units.
The water distribution system is the network of pipes and fittings for
conveying water to the plumbing fixtures while the system of pipes and fittings for
carrying off wastes is referred to as sanitary installation
The building water entrance pipe is connected to the street by means of a
corporation cock, if the water is supplied by the community. The amount of water
passing through the water service is measured by the water meter. If water service
is supplied through a deep well, a water meter is not necessary. From this, the
water pipes branch out to the fixtures inside the residential unit requiring water.
Clean water lines are represented on a plan by a visible line and two dashes,
while sanitary lines are represented by a bold continuous line. The fixtures are
indicated by their common symbols. Storm drainage lines are drawn with two
invisible lines that run parallel to each other. While vent pipes are bold hidden lines.
The operation of the basic plumbing system is readily understood through
the diagram shown here.
To get water to a structure for use by the tenants and to remove sewage
and unwanted water is the purpose of a plumbing system.
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A Typical Plumbing System
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A Sample Plumbing Layout
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A typical installation of a water distribution using PVC pipes with G.I.
Pipes for in-house is done with PVC pipes adapter fittings. To obtain
watertight joints, solvent cement is applied.
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Reflect and Understand
Shown below are the procedures to lay-out the plumbing system in the floor
plan.
Procedure:
1. From the plan shown below, indicate the location of water fixtures by
drawing their symbols on the place you think is the most suitable location
for each. You too, shall indicate the water supply source from the street
water branch.
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KS
BEDROOM
DINE/KIT
LIVING
BEDROOM
2. After locating and indicating the location of the fixtures, draw the water line
connection from the water source. In addition, try to indicate the position of
the water meter and the check valve based on their layout and the source
of water supply.
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3. Draw the water line layout of the pipe fittings and the fixtures to show the
different kinds of fittings use, and write down the specifications of the
material used.
4. Indicate by writing down the material used for the pipe and fittings,
5. After doing number 4, Darken the water layout and write down the
abbreviations on the fixtures together with the legend to distinguish the
different water fixtures.
LEGEND:
F Faucet
GV Gate Valve
HB Hose Bibb
WM Water Meter
WC Water Closet
SHO Shower Head
LAV Lavatory
GIP Galvanized Iron
Pipe
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Transfer
Directions: From the plan shown below, sketch a clean water line layout.
Specific Requirements:
1 faucet
1 shower head
1 lavatory
1 water closet
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Transfer
Procedure:
1. From the preceding water line layout, determine which axis is to be used
to present the diagram
2. Indicate the height of water fixtures according to scale ratio used and
based on accepted architectural standards.
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4. Finalize drawing and draw legend
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Transfer
Summative Test
Directions: From the plumbing layout drawn, draft the isometric plumbing diagram.
Use standard height.
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Lesson 2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage
Know
Skills Evaluation
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain
in order to draft a quality floor plan. The right side of the matrix lists the skills
expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much,” if you are not
so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot,” if you are already familiar with the skills. Don’t
feel badly if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is
being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills in the
lesson to be presented.
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the instrument, you
might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module. Now prepare to
set your goals and targets for this module by completing the activity below. Write
your answer in your notebook.
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My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Overview
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Piping systems are vital to modern society. Some systems may be complex;
others may be simple such as in a residential dwelling unit. But they share some
common elements, whether they are steel, plastic, copper pipes, or tubing.
Sanitary and storm drainage for residential dwelling are either wrought iron
pipes, Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes and for drainage is either concrete pipe or
PVC pipe. The more common today is the unplasticized Polyvinylchloride (uPVC)
pipe.
Polyvinyl pipe and fittings are available in commercial length of 3.0 meters
and also available in schedule 40 and 80. They are usually assembled with slip
joint fittings and solvent, both PVC and chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (cPVC) pipes
are commonly available in sizes ranging from ½’ to 4” inside diameter.
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The Septic Tank
The septic system converts solid wastes into liquid by bacterial action. The
wastes flow into a septic tank some distance away from the house. The liquid waste
flows thru to the sewer line while the sludge remains at the digestion chamber of
the tank.
The septic tank is constructed with reinforced concrete, it should be located
at a safe distance from the source of potable water, and it should also be airtight.
The size and type of the system varies according to the number of people
served, the contour, and soil type.
Inlet Outlet
nlet
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Types of Sanitary Fittings Used in Plumbing System of Septic Vaults
SANITARY FITTING
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The Typical Detail of a Septic Tank
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Process
1. With the given floor plan, you are supposed to draw the sanitary layout for
this housing unit. Indicate first where you would locate your septic vault
outside the building.
2. After locating the place where you would construct your septic vault, draw
and indicate the location of the different storm drainage fixtures.
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3. Indicate the location of the different sanitary fixtures by drawing their
symbols on the area where they are best located. Then draw the layout,
gray water collection should be connected to the catch basin or directly
connected to sewer line and the septic vault with the sewer line connecting
to the street sewer.
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4. After drawing the layout, indicate the different pipes and fittings used by
drawing their symbols on the sewer line layout and write down also the
material specification for the fixtures used.
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Know
The waste pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture except water
should be installed at 2% or 20mm slope per meter run. The size of the waste pipe
is to be considered in the installation as this pipe serves fixture discharges. And
when the pipe must be opened in case of trouble, a clean-out should also be
installed and must be accessible to the plumber.
Slope or Pitch
The soil pipe receives and conveys drainage of water closets and other
fixtures to the house drain. It should be properly concealed or embedded and
should be placed in a manner that the branches should be as short as possible. As
a rule, it should extend and terminate through the roof of the building.
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Second Floor
First Floor
The sanitary drain receives only discharges of sanitary and domestic wastes
while the storm drain receives storm, clear water, or surface water wastes.
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A typical house drain is shown below.
The portion of the horizontal drainage system starts from the outer surface
of the dwelling and terminates at the public sewer. A minimum size of 150mm (6ӯ)
is used for residential dwellings.
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The Storm Drain
It is the part of the plumbing system which conveys rain or storm water into
the street gutter. It is of two types: the inside storm drain and the outside storm
drain. Layout of the two is shown in the following illustrations.
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The Catch Basin
The catch basin water discharges from the roof and conveys it to the
storm drainage line. It is more or less of the same use as the area drain. It
also serves as a manhole for cleaning.
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Reflect and Understand
Directions: From the plan shown below, sketch the sewer line from the fixtures to
the street sewer. Label the drawing.
Requirements:
1 – Kitchen Sink
1 – Water Closet
1 – Floor Drain
1 – Septic Vault
1 – Lavatory
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Transfer
Summative Test
Directions: From the layout you drafted. Draw a sanitary and plumbing layout and
details following the job requirement. Use approved standard height of amenities.
Requirements:
1- Kitchen Sink
1- Water Closet
1- Floor Drain
1- Septic Vault
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I. Enrichment Activity: Draft a septic vault for 5-7 persons
Procedure:
1. Refer from the table on recommended sizes of septic vaults. See if the
number of persons in the household fits in the data for recommended size
of vault.
2. Take down the measurements: width, height, and length. Transfer such
measurement on your drawing paper.
3. Draw the outline of the septic vault with your pencil using light guidelines
only. As you draw the outline, draw also the thickness of the sides of the
septic vault, taking into consideration the thickness of CHB used for wall
partitions.
4. Indicate also the location of the manhole and the manhole cover. After
drawing the outline recheck your measurements. Write down your
dimensions and be ready to draw the reinforcing bars. You may draw your
rebars covering the whole area of the vault or you can show a portion of it
only.
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5. Draw the vertical and horizontal bars for the reinforcement of the septic
vault. The standard distances and size of the rebars are 12mm Ø for vertical
bars and 10mmØ for horizontal bars. The slabs on top of it would be 10mm
Ø spaced at 20cm in both ways of the slab.
6. Draw only the portion you wish to show the detail of the reinforcements.
Now, indicate the inlet valve in the digestion chamber, its position or
location, and its size, together with the outlet valve.
7. From the plan you have already drawn, project dimensions downward and
draw a longitudinal section of your septic vault. Remember the thickness
and measurements of the plan should be the same as your section.
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1. With the data on its depth you have gathered, lay out the depth of the septic
vault, including its foundation and footing. Indicate the location of your inlet
and outlet valves which should have a distance from the bottom of the slab
of about 30 cm. for the air space and the water level.
2. Draw vertical and horizontal bars on the sides and on the footing.
3. Review the drawing, its dimensions and measurements. Finalize the drawing
by darkening the lines with a technical pen. Write down the material
specifications and construction notes.
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CROSS
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Post-Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided to each number.
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_____9. Which of these common plumbing symbols/abbreviations indicate a
junction box?
a. JXB b. JBox c. JB d. JBX
_____10. The ideal or suggested size in constructing the septic tank with a 15
number of people is______.
a. Depth- 1:20, W-1:0, L- 2:0 c. Depth 1:50 , W- 1:20, L-1:50
b. Depth- 1:50, W-1:5, L-150 d. Depth 2:50, W-1:50, L -2:50
_____11. Used to reduce the size of an opening
a. Bushing b. Unions c. Cap d. Plug
_____12. A network of pipes and fittings that carry off wastes and each plumbing fixture
is titled with the appropriate pipe and fitting
a. Sanitary installation c. Drainage system
b. Polyvinyl pipe and fittings d. Sanitary and storm drainage
_____13. Used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be disassembled
occasionally
a. Cap b. Plug c. Bushing d. Unions
_____14. A water distribution system shown in an elevation, on plan and on
isometric using the different symbols is called _________.
a. Isometric draft d. Isometric water system
b. Water system diagram c. Schematic drawing
_____15. Which is NOT a type of valve?
a. Gate valve c. Check valve
b. Globe valve d. Metal valve
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