FIT Annex3 Technical Report Part 2 Fire Safe Design Metro Tunnels PDF

Technical Report – Part 2
Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels

Rapporteur Metro Tunnels, Daniel Gabay, RATP
Technical review:
Richard Bettis (HSE), Arnaud Marchais (RATP), Ulla Eilersen (Sund &
Bealt)
Workpackage Members
Bruno Brousse (CETU), Didier Lacroix (CETU), Paul Scott (ARUP),
Niels Peter Hoj (COWI), Enrique Fernandez (Dragados), Gabriel Khoury
(FSD), Yngve Anderberg (FSD)Walter Frey (GRS), Hermann Otremba
(Hochtief), Daniel Gabay (RATP), Arnaud Marchais (RATP), Giorgio Mi-
colitti (RFI)Ilse Roelants (Traficon), Esko Mikkola (VTT)
Table of contents
Table of Contents
1 List of collected guidelines 286
1.1 Table of references for tunnels (national guidelines) 287
1.2 Table of references for stations ( national guidelines) 288
1.3 Analytical summaries (national guidelines) 290
1.3.1 France 290
1.3.2 Spain 290
1.3.3 Germany 291
1.3.4 USA 291
2 Comprehensive list of safety measures 292

2.1 Structural measures relevant to safety 292
2.2 Safety equipment 292
2.3 Structure & equipments, response to fire 293
3 Matrix of guidelines contents 294

3.1 Structural measures relevant to safety 295
3.1.1 S1 - Emergency passenger exit for users 295
3.1.2 S2 - Emergency access for rescue staff 295
3.1.3 S3 Emergency access for firemen rescue in tunnel 297
3.1.4 S3 Drainage 298
3.2 Safety equipment 298
3.2.1 E1 Smoke control ventilation 298
3.2.2 E2 Smoke control ventilation ( in station) 301
3.2.3 E3 Lighting 302
3.2.4 E4 Signage (permanent/variable) 303
3.2.5 E5 Communication and alarm system 303
3.2.6 E6 Traffic regulation - monitoring equipments 309
3.2.7 E7 Power supply 310
3.2.8 E8 Fire suppression (fire fighting equipment) 311
3.2.9 E9 Others Electrical power outlet 313
3.3 Structure & equipment response to fire 313
Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – Metro Tunnels’ 283/329

4 Appendix 1: Tables of contents of national guidelines for tunnels and stations
translated into English 318
4.1 France 318
4.1.1 IT 98-300 du 8/07/1998- Instruction Technique Interministérielle relative à la Sécurité
dans les tunnels ferroviaires (in French only). 318
4.1.2 Arrêté du 20 février 1983 modifié portant approbation des règles de sécurité et des
modalités de contrôle applicables aux locaux accessibles au public, situés sur le
domaine public du chemin de fer et rigoureusement indispensables à l'exploitation de
celui-ci Partie :Gare 319
4.1.3 Arrêté du 25 juin 1980 portant approbation des dispositions générales du règlement
de sécurité contre les risques d’incendie et de panique dans les établissements
recevant du public. 320
4.1.4 Decree n°2003-425 of May 9, 2003 Decree relating to the safety of guided public
transport 322
4.2 Spain 323
4.2.1 Normes techniques sobre seguretat contra incendis a la xarxa ferroviaria sotterrada a
Catalunya 323
4.2.2 Fire safety on Madrid metro-Fire protection system and resources 323
4.3 Germany 324
4.3.1 BOStrab-E-Bau-RL Guideline for electrical equipment concerning to the Guideline for
Construction and Operation of Tramways (BOStrab) 23th August 1990 324
4.3.2 BOStrab-Tunnelbau-RL Guideline for the Construction of Tunnels concerning to the
Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (BOStrab) 30th April 1991 324
4.3.3 BOStrab Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (Tramway-
Construction and –Operation Guideline – BOStrab) 11th December 1987 325
4.4 Finland 327
4.4.1 Fire Safety of Buildings 327
4.5 USA 328
4.5.1 NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guide way Transit and Passenger Rail
Systems 328
List of collected guidelines
Metro Tunnels
In accordance with the description of work package 3.1 and the discussions at the network
meetings, work package shall include:
• Structural safety facilities
• Safety equipment
• Reaction/resistance to fire
The work in WP3 will include both a listing of relevant guidelines and comparison of selected
guidelines.
The specificity of the metros concerns the two following special features: the existence of
stations and the rolling stock.
The stations
The strategy of fire protection in metros is based on the couple station-tunnel because the
most important issue is to evacuate people and that is done generally by the accesses of the
station.
In fact, most of the rolling stock used by the undertaking companies in the metro network are
equipped with overriding emergency brake system. This system protect the driver from an
un voluntary stop between two stations.
Moreover the time the train is running in tunnel is generally small, less than two or three min-
utes and the stopping time in station is more or less about one minute.
Then the probability to find a train stopped in tunnel in fire is very low.
The rolling stock

The rolling stock (R.S.) is dedicated to a metro line; it is only used for passenger transporta-
tion. Dangerous goods are not allowed.
For this reason, the risk is more easily analysable due to the fact that the R.S. is homogene-
ous.
The main objective is therefore to reduce the risk at the source, using very efficient standards
for the train design and materials used for this construction.
The FIT analysis is only an infrastructure analysis so various Rolling stock standards are not
taken into account even if rolling stock is a key component of the global safety..
Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels 285/329

1 LIST OF COLLECTED GUIDELINES

The list of standard and rules are established:
• for the tunnel ( few standards)
• for the stations ( more standards)
This list is very incomplete and that for 2 reasons:
1 each new project defines new concept in fire safety and can be considered as “the best
practices of the moment”
2 each new project includes the fire design concept taking in account the rolling stock
dedicated to this line.
In France and in others countries, stations are “establishment receiving people” and have to
be in accordance with specific rules.
The first level is a list of the documents including:

• title, reference and date of the document
• the administrative status of the document in the concerned country
The second level includes:

• an analytical summary of the contents stating the essential items for the topics compiled
by WP3
• the table of contents translated into English (as shown in appendix 1)
Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 286/329

1.1 Table of references for tunnels (national guidelines)

This table shows the countries where national guidelines were collected in the FIT approch
Refer-
Country Title / Issued by Date Administrative status Comments
ence
Finland Fire safety of buildings E1 2002 Regulations and guide- No specific
lines Used as background
where applicable
Austria Guideline for construction and operation of new rail 12/1998 Guideline
tunnels 06/1999
France
Instruction technique interministérielle N° 98 300 8/07/1998 Ministérial instruction
relative à la sécurité dans les tunnels ferroviaires
Décret n°2003-425 du 9 mai 2003 Décret relatif à la 09/05/2003 Decree General rules for guided
sécurité des transports publics guidés transport system
Arrêté du 23 mai 2003 relatif aux dossiers de sécu- 23/05/03 Arrété

rité des systèmes de transport public guidés ur-
bains
Safety in rail tunnels 8/07/1998 Ministerial instruction

Refer-
ence
Germany Guideline for construction and operation of tram- BO Strab 11/12/1987 Guideline
ways
Guideline for the construction of Tunnels BO Strab 30/04/1991 Guideline

tunnelbau
Guideline for electrical equipment BO Strab 23/08/1990 Guideline
E --
RLbau
Italy Fire prevention in metro 11/06/1988 Decree
Fire prevention in metro tunnels, tramways and ca- 5/04/1991 Decree
ble railway
Spain Fire safety in rail and metro tunnels of Catalunia 1997 Standard
Fire safety and protection in the Madrid metro 03/2001 Guideline
USA Fixed guideway transit and passenger rail systems NFP 130 2000 Standard
Critical fan plant facilities design guideline 302 NYCT 1997 Guideline
1.2 Table of references for stations ( national guidelines)

This table shows the countries where national guidelines were collected in the FIT approch
Refer-
ence
Finland Fire safety of buildings E1 2002 Regulations and guide- No specific

lines Used as background
wuhere applicable
Austria Guideline for construction and operation of new rail 12/1998 Guideline
tunnels 06/1999

Refer-
ence
France Arrêté du 20 février 1983 modifié portant approba- 20/02/1983 Arrêté
tion des règles de sécurité et des modalités de
contrôle applicables aux locaux accessibles au pu-
blic, situés sur le domaine public du chemin de fer
et rigoureusement indispensables à l’exploitation de
celui-ci.
25/06/1980 arrêté Usable in addition with
Règlement de sécurité contre les risques d’incendie Arrêté of 20 /02/1983
et de panique dans les établissements recevant du Decree General rules for guided
public. Arrêté modifié du 25 juin 1980 transport system
09/05/2003
Décret n°2003-425 du 9 mai 2003 Décret relatif à la
sécurité des transports publics guidés
Germany Guideline for construction and operation of tram- BO Strab 11/12/1987 Guideline
ways
Guideline for the construction of Tunnels BO Strab 30/04/1991 Guideline
tunnelbau
Guideline for electrical equipment BO Strab 23/08/1990 Guideline
E --
RLbau
Italy Fire prevention in metro 11/06/1988 Decree
Fire prevention in metro tunnels, tramways and ca- 5/04 Decree
ble railway 1991
Spain Fire safety in rail and metro tunnels of Catalunia 1997 Standard
Fire safety and protection in the Madrid metro 03/2001 Guideline
USA Fixed guideway transit and passenger rail systems NFP 130 2000 Standard
Critical fan plant facilities design guideline 302 NYCT 1997 Guideline

Comprehensive list of safety measures
1.3 Analytical summaries (national guidelines)
1.3.1 France
1.3.1.1 IT 98-300 du 8/07/1998- Instruction Technique Interministérielle relative à la

Sécurité dans les tunnels ferroviaires (in French only).
Summary
This document define the requirements for the tunnels according to the exploitation type (ur-
ban; urban and suburban ;passenger) and the length. It specifies all the requirements for
lighting, ventilation, fire resistance and means of egress and rescue.
1.3.1.2 Arrêté du 20 février 1983 modifié portant approbation des règles de sécurité et
des modalités de contrôle applicables aux locaux accessibles au public, situés sur le
domaine public du chemin de fer et rigoureusement indispensables à l'exploitation de
celui-ci,
Summary:
This is a comprehensive document concerning the classification of the station and the safety
needs for design, equipments and rescue means. It defines also the obligations for the op-
erator.
1.3.1.3 Arrêté du 25 juin 1980 modifié portant approbation des dispositions généra-
les du règlement de sécurité contre les risques d’incendie et de panique dans les éta-
blissements recevant du public
Summary:
This is a comprehensive document in addition of the text ref 1312 for the design, equip-
ments, and rescue services.
1.3.1.4 Décret n°2003-425 du 9 mai 2003 Décret relatif à la sécurité des transports pu-
blics guidés
Summary:
This is a comprehensive document covering all the subsystem of a transport system, from
the beginning of the design to the end of use of the system.
1.3.2 Spain
1.3.2.1 Normes techniques sobre seguretat contra incendis a la xarxa ferroviaria sot-
terrada a Catalunya ( in catalan only)
Summary : This document gives all the information concerning the carrying out of the emer-
gency plan.
1.3.2.2 Fire safety on Madrid metro-Fire protection system and resources

Summary : This document gives an overview of the activities and concept used in the Madrid
Metro for fire safety.

Matrix of guidelines contents
1.3.3 Germany
1.3.3.1 BOStrab-E-Bau-RLGuideline for electrical equipment concerning to the Guide-

line for Construction and Operation of Tramways (BOStrab) 23th August 1990
Summary: This guideline contains no fire safety relevant information except:
Part 1 1.2.3 Emergency power supply
Part 2 2.3 Safety/ Emergency Lighting
1.3.3.2 BOStrab-Tunnelbau-RL Guideline for the Construction of Tunnels concerning

to the Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (BOStrab) 30th April 1991
Summary: This document gives all the data concerning the construction of tunnels including
safety requirements
1.3.3.3 BOStrab Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (Tramway-

Construction and –Operation Guideline – BOStrab) 11th December 1987
Summary: This document gives all the information concerning the construction of the traffic
system and vehicles, including also the operational aspects in normal or safety situations.
1.3.4 USA
1.3.4.1 NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
Summary
This standard now addresses fixed guide-way transit and passenger rail systems.
The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum criteria that provide a reasonable de-
gree of protection from fire and egress calculations.

Comprehensive list of safety measures
2 COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF SAFETY MEASURES
2.1 Structural measures relevant to safety

S1 Emergency passenger exit for users
S11 Parallel escape tube
S12 Emergency cross-passage
S13 Shelter
S14 Direct pedestrian emergency exit
S2 Emergency access for rescue staff

S21 Separate emergency vehicle gallery access
S22 Cross passage vehicle access
S23 Emergency lane
S24 Direct pedestrian access (lateral, upstairs, shaft)
S25 Turning area
S26 Emergency siding
S27 Firemen station at portals
S3 Drainage of flammable liquids

S31 Inclination of tunnel axis
S32 Separate drainage systems
S33 Liquid sump
S34 Non porous surface course
S4 Others
2.2 Safety equipment

E1 Smoke control ventilation
E 11 Natural ventilation by shafts
E 12 Longitudinal
E 13 Transversal
E 14 Ventilation control sensors
- Opacity
- CO
- NOx
- Anemometers
- Counter pressure measurement at portals
E2 Emergency exit and rescue access ventilation
E3 Lighting measurement at portals

E31 Emergency tunnel lighting
E32 Marker light in tunnel
E33 Emergency exit and rescue access lighting

E4 Signage (permanent/variable)
E41 Traffic signals outside the tunnel
E42 Traffic signals inside the tunnel
E43 Exit pedestrian signs
E44 Rescue pedestrian signs
E5 Communication and alarm system

E51 Emergency telephone
E52 Alarm push button (manual fire alarm)
E53 Automatic alarm on equipments (exit doors, extinguisher, fire boxes)
E54 Automatic incident detection
E55 Fire/smoke detection (ventilation sensors or specific fire detection)
E56 Radio rebroadcast
- tunnel users
- emergency team
- operator
E57 Loudspeakers (in tunnel, in shelters)
E6 Traffic regulation - monitoring equipments

E61 Monitoring of traffic speed and intensity
E63 Close circuit television
E64 Remote control barriers
E66 Thermographic portal detectors (trucks)
E7 Power supply
E8 Fire suppression (fire fighting equipment)

E 81 First and fire fighting (extinguisher, hose-reels, etc ...)
E82 Fire fighting media
E84 Fixed fire suppression mitigation system (Sprinkler, Deluge)
E9 Others
2.3 Structure & equipments, response to fire

R1 Reaction to fire
R2 Structure resistance to fire
R3 Equipment resistance to fire
- cables
- fans

3 MATRIX OF GUIDELINES CONTENTS

Detailed comparison between FRANCE, GERMANY and USA
Category Element
Structural measures relevant to safety
S1 Emergency S11 Parallel escape tube Ø Ø Ø
passenger exit for S12 Emergency cross-passage Ø A,3 A
users
S13 Shelter Ø Ø Ø
S14 Direct pedestrian emergency exit O O O
S2 Emergency S21 Separate emergency vehicle gallery Ø Ø Ø
access for rescue S22 Cross passage vehicle access Ø Ø Ø
staff S23 Emergency lane I I I
S24 Direct pedestrian access O O O
S25 Turning areas I I I
S27 Firemen station at portals Ø Ø Ø
S3 Drainage of
flammable liquids
S31 Inclination of tunnel axis Ø Ø Ø

S32 Separate drainage systems Ø Ø Ø
S33 Liquid sump Ø Ø Ø
S34 Non porous surface course Ø Ø Ø
Safety equipment Legend:
E1 Smoke control No available guidelines Ø
ventilation No requirements,little information O
E 11 Natural ventilation by shafts Ø Ø Ø
Normative information A
E 12 Longitudinal A1&2 O O
Detailed information or models X
E 13 Transversal O O O
Reference to national guideline n ,n
E 14 Ventilation control sensors Ø Ø Ø
E2 Emergency exit and rescue access ventilation
E3 Lighting E31 Emergency tunnel lighting A A A
E32 Marker light in tunnel O O O
E33 Emergency exit & rescue access ligh A A A
E4 Signage E41 Traffic signals outside the tunnel I I I
(permanent/ E42 Traffic signals inside the tunnel I I I
variable) E43 Exit pedestrian signs A A A
E44 Rescue pedestrian signs A A A
E5 E51 Emergency telephone A1&2 A,3 A
Communication E52 Alarm push button (manual fire alarmI I i
and alarm system E53 Automatic alarm on equipments O O O
E54 Automatic incident detection O O O
E55 Fire/smoke detection O O O
E56 Radio rebroadcast I A,3 A
E57 Loudspeakers (in tunnel, in shelters) Ø Ø Ø
E6 Traffic E61 Monitoring of traffic speed and intensI I I
regulation - E63 Close circuit television O O O
monitoring E64 Remote control barriers Ø Ø Ø
equipments E66 Thermographic portal detectors (truckØ Ø Ø
E7 Power supply A1&2 A A
E8 Fire E 81 First aid fire fighting I I I
suppression (fire E82 Fire fighting media A1&2 A?3 A
fighting E84 Fixed fire suppression system Ø Ø Ø
Structure & equipement, response to fire
R1 Reaction to fire A A A
R2 Structure resistance to fire A A A
R3 Equipment resistance to fire A A A
Figure 1 Overview over types of requirements, amount of informa-

tion and reference to the documents. Reference to

3.1 Structural measures relevant to safety
3.1.1 S1 - Emergency passenger exit for users
3.1.1.1 Role of the measure

To allow passengers to escape the danger zone the more rapidly.
3.1.1.2 Synthesis - comments

The concept for metros is very different. In fact all the evacuation concept is based on 3
main principles:
• the existence of stations very large with many corridors and accesses
• the short distance existing between the stations ( 4 to 6 hundred meters mean)
• the emergency brake override in tunnels
So the last item signifies that the major fire safety case is located in the station with wide
platforms and two or more exits .
So, accordingly with the rolling stock and the evacuation mode, the pedestrian accesses are
on the track side or on escape walkway.
3.1.1.3 Comparison
• S11 Parallel escape tube
NO in all metros
• S12 Emergency cross-passage

NO in all metros where twin bores are common only for American or Asian metros (very
rare in Europe). In USA: twin bores, 244 meters distant or 381m in other tunnel (NFPA
130)
• S13 Shelters
NO in all metros
• S 14 Direct pedestrian emergency exits

YES, but only by the station accesses
3.1.2 S2 - Emergency access for rescue staff

To allow rescue staff to arrive in the danger zone the more rapidly.


NO in normal tunnel in all the metros, but it’s possible by the station accesses and in termi-
nus at the end of the tunnel.
3.1.2.3 Comparison
• S21 Separate emergency vehicle gallery access
NO, in all the metros
• S22 Cross passage vehicle access

NO, in all the metros, but: in case of incident without any damage on the track, firemen,
under their responsibility, may use normal empty train to rescue passengers.
• S23 Emergency lane

NO, in all the metros
• S24 Direct pedestrian access (lateral, upstairs, shaft)

The direct pedestrian accesses are the same that for rescuing passengers. So, accord-
ingly with the infrastructure, the rolling stock and the evacuation mode, the pedestrian
accesses are on the track side or in special walkway.
The following table indicates maximum distance between two stations.
Network, Country Requirement; Maximum distance between sta- Comment

tions/accesses
Brussels, Belgium 750m
Copenhagen, Denmark Max. 600 m------- Between two sta-
tions or a station
and a shaft
Paris, France 800m
Rennes, France 600 m
Helsinki, Finland -----
Prague, Czeck Rep. 2140m
Milan, Italy -----
Stockholm, Sweden ------
Hamburg, Germany 1000m
Berlin, Germany 1700m
Munich, Germany 1717m
Rotterdam, Netherlamds -----
Lisbon, Portugal 1300m
Barcelona, Spain 800m
Madrid, Spain 1000m; 615 m mean
Vienna, Austria 600m
Moscow, Russia 600m
London, UK ------
USA 381m
• S25 Turning areas

YES, if it is possible to consider the normal track area to change the traffic way every
five or six stations as turning areas
• S26 Emergency siding (external for rail tunnels)

In most of metro lines, to manage better the big number of trains, there are in several
points of the line some special tracks:
- to park the trains except during peak hours in the normal tunnel
- to park and move or change the tracks in terminal point
But, there are not special tracks to save train in fire or to stock special emergency train
• S27 Firemen station at portals

NO, in all the metros; but, for tunnel ended by stations, we can consider that each station
is firemen station protected generally by ventilation against smoke coming from tunnels.
Moreover, in the terminus , terminal tunnel are ended by special access with ladders
going to the surface which are used like:
- emergency exit for drivers or operators
- emergency access or exit for firemen
3.1.3 S3 Emergency access for firemen rescue in tunnel

To allow firemen to arrive close to the fire zone the more rapidly.

For firemen rescue in tunnel, there are two possibilities:
- the use of walkway or track side or both
- the use of special firemen accesses for long tunnels
In the following table, we consider only special firemen access.
3.1.3.3 Comparison tables

Network, Country Requirement; Emergency access for firemen rescue Comment
Brussels, Belgium No Fire brigade accesses
Copenhagen, Denmark Fire brigade access
Paris, France Fire brigade access, 800 meters distant
Rennes, France Fire brigade access with places reserved, 600 meters distant
Helsinki, Finland Fire brigade access with places reserved, 500 meters distant
Prague, Czeck Rep. No Fire brigade accesses
Milan, Italy Fire brigade accesses, 200 meters distant
Stockholm, Sweden No Fire brigade accesses
Hamburg, Germany No Fire brigade accesses
Berlin, Germany No Fire brigade accesses
Munich, Germany No Fire brigade accesses
Rotterdam, Netherlamds -
Lisbon, Portugal Fire brigade accesses
Barcelona, Spain No Fire brigade accesses, 500 meters distant
Madrid, Spain Fire brigade accesses, 500 meters distant
Vienna, Austria Fire brigade accesses
Moscow, Russia No Fire brigade accesses
London, UK ---
USA Fire brigade accesses, 762m

3.1.4 S3 Drainage
To collect water and other products from the track under standard conditions and during fire
intervention.

For all the metros, there is not flammable liquids carried by wagons. In case of flammable
liquids coming from the infrastructure, there are no special facilities but intervention of spe-
cialised firemen to evaluate risk and determine the operational procedure.
By line , special sumps are needed to collect the water running in tunnel by infiltration or
coming by natural or mechanical shafts. The number depends generally of the number of
lower point of the tunnel profile.
In some cases it may be use explosions detectors when you have got infiltration of flamma-
ble liquids from tanks outside (for example oil station industries).
3.1.4.3 Comparison
• S31 Inclination of tunnel axis
No requirement, but sometimes the discharge duct is located near the walls or in the
middle of the tunnel
• S32 Separate drainage systems

NO in all the metros
• S33 Liquid sump

In the workshops and in the maintenance areas for trains
• S34 Non porous surface course

no in all the metros
3.2 Safety equipment
3.2.1 E1 Smoke control ventilation

This measure allows passengers to escape from the dangerous zone to a safe area.

As we consider underground stations and tunnels like a continuous underground environ-
ment, the role of ventilation is fundamental.

So we find many systems like:

- tunnel ventilation + station ventilation (emergency + comfort or the same)
- only tunnel ventilation (close to the station or in the middle of each interstation ), al-
lowing to treat also or not the station
- only station ventilation ( at each level or not: platform; mezzanine; corridors) allow-
ing to treat also or not the tunnel
- ventilation in tunnel + air conditioning system in station
- air conditioning in station and tunnel
More over, the ventilation can be carried out by mechanical fan or natural shafts.
The use of ventilation is very important but difficult. There is two main phases during an inci-
dent:
- from the beginning of the fire or incident to the decision taking
- after the decision taking
During the first phase, the smoke spreading is due to:

- the stop of the train where incident takes place; this fact induces piston effect due to
this train which is generally weak and in the direction of this running train
- the passing train in the other way at the normal speed; this fact induces important
piston effect in opposite way of the stopping train
- the effect of the comfort ventilation in tunnel existing or not, working or not
It appears rapidly that it‘s not possible to forecast the smoke spread in this phase, except if a
real time data system allow to know all the parameters of the incident situation. If this phase
duration is not too long, the production of smoke is weak. During this second phase, the
situation is steady and the smoke spreading direction prediction is possible.
In metro tunnel, we find many systems:

- E 11 Natural - shafts
- E 12 Longitudinal (+ local blowing ? extraction ?)
- E 13 Transversal
- E 14 Ventilation control by sensors ( opacity, Co, NoX, anemometers, counter
pressure measurement at portals)

• E 11 - E 14 Smoke control ventilation
Network, Country Requirement Comment, details

Brussels, Belgium ----; noE14
Copenhagen, Denmark E12 + Overpressure in all shafts and emer-
gency staircases. Direct smoke extrac-
tion from trains on station.
Smoke from longitudinal ventilation are
extracted through smoke-shafts in sta-
tions.
Paris, France No specific;E11; E12 ; noE14 1or more fan per interstation; 60 to
120m3/s; reversible; one speed
Rennes, France No specific;E12; noE14 1 fan per interstation; réversi-
ble;70m3/s; > one speed

Network, Country Requirement Comment, details

Helsinki, Finland Specific; noE14 ------------;1650m3/s *; reversible> one
speed
Prague, Czeck Rep. No specific; noE14 --------;-60 m3/S; reversible one speed
Milan, Italy No specific; noE14 --------;4001m3/s*;;reversible;> one
speed
Stockholm, Sweden specific ;noE14 --------;----------;no reversible;> one
speed
Hamburg, Germany No specific; E 11; noE14
Berlin, Germany specific ; noE14
Munich, Germany Specific; E 11 ;noE14
Rotterdam, Netherlamds Specific; noE14 -------;----------; no reversible;> one
speed
Lisbon, Portugal No specific ;E12; noE14 2 fan per interstation;65 to 80 m3/s
;reversible;> one speed
Barcelona, Spain No specific; noE14 2 to 6 fan per interstation; 120m3/s;
reversible;> one speed
Madrid, Spain No specific; noE14 2 fan per interstation; 20 to 230
m3/s(average : 128 m3/s);no reversible;
1 or 2 speed; air speed 0,9m/s to
1,6m/s
Vienna, Austria No specific; noE14 ------------; 50 to 100 m3/s;no reversible;
one speed
Moscow, Russia No specific ;noE14 -------;4,2m3/s ;reversible; one speed
London, UK No specific; noE14 1 fan per interstation;.100m3/s; reversi-
ble;> one speed
USA To provide safe conditions for passen- Defined by NFPA 130 : 3-2.2.2
gers
* : for all the line
• E 15 Command mode
• E15-1 Synthesis – comments
For this item, we consider two aspects of the command:
- HOW ? (151,152,153)
- WHO ? (154,155,156)
The different command mode are :
- E151 automatic
- E152 manual
- E153 semi - automatic
And the responsible manager:
- E154 Responsible technical staff
- E155 Responsible operating staff
- E156 Responsible fire brigade
The table below shows all the data available.
- E151 automatic command mode - E154 Responsible technical staff

- E152 manual command mode - E155 Responsible operating
Network, Country
- E153 semi - automatic comm. staff
mode - E156 Responsible fire brigade
Brussels, Belgium - -
Copenhagen, Denmark E152- E154 coordinated with E156-
Paris, France E152 E155
Rennes, France E151, E153 E155, E156
Helsinki, Finland E156
Prague, Czeck Rep. E151 E154
Milan, Italy E151, E152, E153 E154
Stockholm, Sweden No E151, E152, E153 No E154, E155, E156-

- E151 automatic command mode - E154 Responsible technical staff

- E152 manual command mode - E155 Responsible operating
Network, Country
- E153 semi - automatic comm. staff
mode - E156 Responsible fire brigade
Hamburg, Germany -----; -----;
Berlin, Germany -----; E156
Munich, Germany -------; ---------;
Rotterdam, Netherlamds No 151and 152 No156,154 and 155
Lisbon, Portugal E153 E155
Barcelona, Spain E152 E155
Madrid, Spain E152and 153 E154 and156
Vienna, Austria E153 E155 and 156
Moscow, Russia E152 and 153 E154
London, UK E151 and 153 E155
USA E 151, E152 ---
3.2.2 E2 Smoke control ventilation ( in station)
The requirements for emergency exit ventilation are only briefly described if at all.
The command mode for the fans in station is generally the same than for the fans in tunnels.
The network are sometimes heterogeneous because of the type of line (new, old), the crowd
during the day or others. So, we consider the mean situation.
To simplify we note in the following table:
• No E2 when there are not smoke control ventilation
• E2 in the other case
• Maximum airflow (in m3/s) when ventilation exists
Network, Country Ventilation in stations Maximum airflow (in m3/s)

Brussels, Belgium No E2
Copenhagen, Den- E2 Overpressure
mark
Paris, France No E2
Rennes, France E2 16
Helsinki, Finland E2 850 to 1650*
Prague, Czeck Rep. -------; 60
Milan, Italy -----;
Stockholm, Sweden No E2
Hamburg, Germany ------;
Berlin, Germany -------;
Munich, Germany -------; 3333*
Rotterdam, Nether- -----;
amds
Lisbon, Portugal E2( 2 to 4 by station) 80
Barcelona, Spain E2(2 to 6 per station) 120
Madrid, Spain E2(2 per station) 30; airspeed max 1,6m/s
Vienna, Austria E2(7 per station) 50 to 100
Moscow, Russia E2( 2 per station) 100
London, UK E2(1 per station) 100
USA Only objectives rmined for each project

3.2.3 E3 Lighting

To provide suitable lighting level to the passengers to escape from the dangerous area.

For most of metros, emergency exits are in the stations and are lighted by normal lighting
and emergency lighting in case of fire or power supply failure. The list takes into account:
• E31 Emergency tunnel lighting
• E32 Marker light in tunnel
• E33 Emergency exit and rescue access lighting
To simplify we note in the following table for all the data available:
• No E + number when there are not the proposed equipment
• E + number in the other case
Or yes/no.
When the data are known, we precise also the height (in cm) and the mean illumination (in
lux ).
In case of an emergency it is important to have sufficient lighting in the tunnel. The light will
provide visibility for the possible evacuation and for the rescue operation. In case of a fire
additional marker lights may indicate the route to the exits. Also in the escape routes (cross
passages, escape tunnel etc.) it will be necessary to have sufficient light in order to have an
effective evacuation.

• E31 - E33 Tunnel lighting
Normal light-
Emergency
Normal lighting during Mean illumi-
Network, Country tunnel light- Height (cm)
ing 24h/24 operating nation (lux)
ing
hours
Brussels, Belgium E31; yes 120 2
Copenhagen, Den- E31; no no 50 1
mark
Paris, France E31; yes Yes 225 2
Rennes, France E31; yes Yes ---; 60
Helsinki, Finland E31; yes 100 to300 5
Prague, Czeck Rep. E31; no ----; ----; 2
Milan, Italy E31; yes yes 4 to 6 100
Stockholm, Sweden E31; no No ----; 3
Hamburg, Germany E31; no No ----; >3
Berlin, Germany E31; ----; ---; 100 1
Munich, Germany E31; ----; no ---; ----;
Rotterdam, Nether- E31; yes no ----; 10
amds
Lisbon, Portugal E31; yes Yes 320 10
Barcelona, Spain No E31; Yes ----; >1
Madrid, Spain No E31; yes No 25 2 to3
Vienna, Austria E31; no no ----; 20
Moscow, Russia E31; no no -----;
London, UK no No 150
USA E31; ------- ------- NFPA70 2,69

3.2.4 E4 Signage (permanent/variable)

To provide information to escape from the dangerous zone.

This analysis takes in account that for running trains it exists normal signalling.
• E41 Trafic signals outside the tunnel
YES, but it is normal signalling for train movement
• E42 Trafic signals inside the tunnel
YES, but it is normal signalling for train movement
But also, in case of evacuation in tunnel, specific signage for people:
• E43 Escape direction signs
• E44 Escape routes
To simplify we note in the following table for all the data available:
- No E + number when there are not the proposed equipment
- E + number in the other case
• E41- E44 Signage
Network, Country Requirement Comment

Brussels, Belgium No E 43; E44
Copenhagen, Denmark E43; E44
Paris, France E43; E44
Rennes, France E43; E44
Helsinki, Finland E43; E44
Prague, Czeck Rep. E43; E44
Milan, Italy E43; E44
Stockholm, Sweden E43; no E44
Hamburg, Germany E43; E44
Berlin, Germany E43; E44
Munich, Germany E43; E44
Rotterdam, Netherlands E43; no E44
Lisbon, Portugal E43; E44
Barcelona, Spain E43; no E44
Madrid, Spain E43; E44
Vienna, Austria E43; E44
Moscow, Russia E43; E44
London, UK -------; E44
USA E43; E44
3.2.5 E5 Communication and alarm system

To inform operators, operator staff, firemen or other rescue services to make easier their
intervention and to facilitate communications between them


For the metros there are many intervention people:
• during the “alert phase”:
1. the driver in the train
2. the station operators
3. the passenger
• during the intervention phase:
1- the chief operator
2- the firemen responsible
3- the station operator
4- the staff
5- the police
So we have to consider these communication means during these 2 phases. More we have
to separate communication means and alarm system.
• E51- Communication
For communication during the incident and the intervention of rescue services, many facilities
can be used :
- E510 Normal telephone system
- E511 Emergency telephone
- E512 Leased line
- E513 Mobile line
- E514 Direct line
- E515 Satellite network
- E516 Underground radio system
- E517 Communication means brought
In the three following tables during the two main phases :
- rescue bodies
- firemen
- police
Emergency telephones are available for nearly all tunnel, but the distance and detailed ar-
rangements vary. Generally there is an alarm to the control room, when safety equipment is
being used and radio coverage in the tunnel. Otherwise there is no general synthesis in the
national guidelines.
• E51 Rescue bodies

Network, Country Alarm phase Intervention phase
Brussels, Belgium 510;514 510;517
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France 510;511 510; 511;512;513;515;516;517
Rennes, France 510;514 510;511;516
Helsinki, Finland 510 510
Prague, Czeck Rep. 510;511;514 510;511;
Milan, Italy 510 510;517
Stockholm, Sweden 510;514 513;516
Hamburg, Germany 510;511;514 510;511;512;513.516
Berlin, Germany 510;511;514 510;511;512;516
Munich, Germany 510; 514 511;512;513.516
Rotterdam, Netherlands 510; 510;511;513;


Lisbon, Portugal 510 510;511;516;517
Barcelona, Spain 510 510;511;516
Madrid, Spain 510.516 516
Vienna, Austria 510 510
Moscow, Russia 510;511;514 510;511;513
London, UK ------; -----;
USA Defined for each metro, but all the
system can be employed
• E51 Firemen
Brussels, Belgium
Copenhagen, Denmark 510;514 + computer based alarmsys- 511;516
tem
Paris, France
Rennes, France 510;511;514 510; 511;512;513;515;516;517
Helsinki, Finland 510;514 510;511;512;516;517
Prague, Czeck Rep. 510;514 510;511;513;516
Milan, Italy 510;511;514 510;511;
Stockholm, Sweden 514 511
Hamburg, Germany 510;514 513;516
Berlin, Germany 510;511;514 510;511;512;513.516
Munich, Germany 510;511;514 510;511;513;516
Rotterdam, Netherlands 510; 511;514 511;512;513.516
Lisbon, Portugal 510; 510;511;513
Barcelona, Spain 510;514 510;511;516;517
Madrid, Spain 510 510;516;517
Vienna, Austria 510;511;514 516;517
Moscow, Russia 510;514 510;516
London, UK 510;514 510;511;513;516
USA ------; -----;
• E51 Police
Brussels, Belgium 510;514 510;517
Copenhagen, Denmark 516
Paris, France 510;514 510; 511;512;513;515;516;517
Rennes, France 510;514 510;
Helsinki, Finland 510 510
Prague, Czeck Rep. 510;511;514 510;511;
Milan, Italy 511 511
Stockholm, Sweden 510;514 513
Hamburg, Germany 510;511;514 510;511;512;513.516
Berlin, Germany 510;511;514 510;511;516;517
Munich, Germany 510; 514 511;512;513.516
Rotterdam, Netherlamds 510; 514 510;511;513;517
Lisbon, Portugal 510;514 510;511;516;517
Barcelona, Spain 510 510;511;516
Madrid, Spain 510 516
Vienna, Austria 510;514 510;516
Moscow, Russia 510;514 510;511;513
London, UK ------; -----;
USA
• E52 and E53- Alarm means in public area of the station and in tunnel
.


To alarm operator staff to allow passengers to escape the danger zone the more rapidly and
to stop the traffic if it is required.

The alarm means are described and defined for each category of people located in station or
tunnel (on the train). The two following tables precise the facilities used; the number used are
defied in the list below :
• E52 passengers
- E521 Telephone
- E522 Emergency call
• E53 personal
- E531 Telephone
- E532 Emergency call
- E533 Radio( station)
- E534 Radio(tunnel)
- E535 TV-system
- E536 Push button alarm
• E52- E53 Alarm means in public areas of the station and in tunnel
Network, Country Passengers Personal
Brussels, Belgium 521 531

Copenhagen, Denmark 522 531, 532, 533, 534, 535
Paris, France 522 531;532;533;534;536
Rennes, France 522 531;532;536
Helsinki, Finland 521;522 531;532;533;534;535;536
Prague, Czeck Rep. 522 531;532;533;534;535;536
Milan, Italy ------ 531;532;535
Stockholm, Sweden 522 531;532;534
Hamburg, Germany 531;532 531;532;533;534;535
Berlin, Germany 521;522 531;532;533;535;536
Munich, Germany 522 531;532;533;534;535;536
Rotterdam, Netherlands 521;522 531;532;533;534;535;536
Lisbon, Portugal ----- 531;533;
Barcelona, Spain 522 531;532;533;534;;536
Madrid, Spain 522 531;532;533;534; 536
Vienna, Austria 521;522 531;532;533;534;535;536
Moscow, Russia ------- 531;535
London, UK ------ 531;532;533;534;535;536
USA Public adress system in stations only

• E52- E53 Where is the alarm addressed to
Network, Country Control Centre Fire Brigade

Brussels, Belgium yes yes
Copenhagen, Denmark yes yes
Paris, France yes no
Rennes, France no no
Helsinki, Finland yes yes
Prague, Czeck Rep. yes yes
Milan, Italy yes no
Stockholm, Sweden yes no
Hamburg, Germany yes no
Berlin, Germany yes yes
Munich, Germany yes no
Rotterdam, Netherlands yes yes
Lisbon, Portugal yes no
Barcelona, Spain yes no
Madrid, Spain yes ---;
Vienna, Austria yes no
Moscow, Russia yes yes
London, UK yes yes
USA yes no
• E54 Automatic incident detection

Fire detection to alarm operator staff to allow passengers to escape the dangerous zone
quickly
3.2.5.8 Synthesis – comments

In the metro, the fire risk is more important in station and for that ,detection is used in many
technical rooms.
• E541 Automatic alarm on equipment (exit doors, extinguisher, fire boxes ...)
No, in all metros
42 Automatic incident detection
No, in all the metros
• E543 Fire/smoke detection (ventilation sensors or specific fire detection)
Included in the next table:
- 5431 : storage rooms
- 5432 : sprinkler
- 5433 : garbage rooms
- 5434 : sprinkler
- 5435 : shops
- 5436 : sprinkler
- 5437 : escalator machine (U: upper end ; L: lower end )
- 5438 : smoke detector
- 5439 : sprinkler

3.2.5.9 Comparison table
Network, Country 5431 5432 5433 5434 5435 5436 5437 5438 5439
Brussels, Belgium yes no yes no yes yes U Yes no
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France yes yes yes no yes yes U;L no no
Rennes, France yes --- yes ---- ------ ---- U;L no no
Helsinki, Finland yes no yes No yes yes U;L no Yes
Prague, Czeck Rep. yes no yes no Yes no U;L Yes no
Milan, Italy ---- --- ---- --- ----- ------ U;L no no
Stockholm, Sweden No no yes yes yes yes ---- no ----
Hamburg, Germany yes no yes no yes Yes L Yes no
Berlin, Germany yes yes yes no yes ----- ----- no no
Munich, Germany yes yes yes No yes Yes ------ no no
Rotterdam, Netherlands No no No No No No ---- no no
Lisbon, Portugal yes yes No no yes No ----
Barcelona, Spain yes yes No no no No -----
Madrid, Spain yes yes yes ?? yes Yes U;L yes Yes
Vienna, Austria yes no yes No ------- ----- ----
Moscow, Russia yes --- ----- ----- No No U;L
London, UK yes yes yes yes yes Yes U;L Yes -----
USA
* : NFPA 130 §2-7
• E55—Information to passengers
3.2.5.10 Role of the measure:

The means of information of the travellers make it possible to inform them of incident, to
guide them in the stations and to direct them towards other direction in order to avoid an ag-
gravation of the incident.

This point is very important because this transportation mode is often crowded and delay can
present important other risk to create new accident. For that, we consider only 3 items:
• E551 passenger information
• E552 alternative means
• E553 alternative routes
Network, Country Requirement: Information to passengers Comments

Brussels, Belgium 551 ;no 552;553
Copenhagen, Denmark 551;552;553
Paris, France 551 ;552;553
Rennes, France 551;552;553
Helsinki, Finland 551 ;no552;553
Prague, Czeck Rep. 551;552;553
Milan, Italy 551 ;no 552;553
Stockholm, Sweden 551;552;553
Hamburg, Germany 551;552;553
Berlin, Germany 551;552;553
Munich, Germany 551;552;553

Network, Country Requirement: Information to passengers Comments

Rotterdam, Netherlands 551;552;553
Lisbon, Portugal 551 ;no 552;553
Barcelona, Spain 551;552;553
Madrid, Spain 551;552 ; 553
Vienna, Austria 551;552 ;553
Moscow, Russia 551;552;553
London, UK -----;----;-------
USA 551;552;553
3.2.6 E6 Traffic regulation - monitoring equipments

To allow to stop the trains if required near the incident location, to continue train traffic where
it is possible and control and command all the equipment useful
In each metro network, a control and command centre allows to:

- know at each time the location of the trains
- stop each train in station if required
- know the energy distribution and cut if necessary
• E61 Monitoring of traffic speed and intensity
YES in all the metros
• E63 Close circuit television
See above E5 + exceptionally for trains when there is no driver.
• E64 Remote control barriers
No (seeE61)
• E66 Thermographic portal detectors (trucks)
No but in many cases, hot boxes detection
The traffic regulation and monitoring is mainly a preventive measure. However, by monitor-
ing the traffic, its speed and intensity as well as monitoring unwanted events, accidents and
fires directly, the necessary actions to mitigate the consequences can be taken by the tunnel
operator.

Requirement: Emergency lighting Requirement: Emergency lighting

Network, Country
Automatic activation Remote control centre
Brussels, Belgium no yes
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France no no
Rennes, France no no
Helsinki, Finland no no
Prague, Czeck Rep. no no
Milan, Italy yes yes
Stockholm, Sweden no yes
Hamburg, Germany no yes
Berlin, Germany no yes
Munich, Germany no yes
Rotterdam, Netherlands no no
Lisbon, Portugal no no
Barcelona, Spain no yes
Madrid, Spain no yes
Vienna, Austria no ----;
Moscow, Russia no ----;
London, UK no yes
USA yes yes
3.2.7 E7 Power supply
Allow to keep all the emergency control and command in case of electrical power failure.

• E700 traction current
• E701 lighting
Network, Country Requirement: Power supply Comment

Brussels, Belgium 700;no701
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France 700;701
Rennes, France 700;701
Helsinki, Finland No700;701
Prague, Czeck Rep. No700;701
Milan, Italy 700;701
Stockholm, Sweden No700;701
Hamburg, Germany 700;701
Berlin, Germany 700;701
Munich, Germany No700;701
Rotterdam, Netherlands 700;701
Lisbon, Portugal 700;701
Barcelona, Spain 700;no701
Madrid, Spain 700;701
Vienna, Austria No700;701
Moscow, Russia 700;701

Network, Country Requirement: Power supply Comment

London, UK ----:------
USA 700;701
3.2.8 E8 Fire suppression (fire fighting equipment)

To reduce consequences of a fire

In the metros, we are obliged to consider two adjacent spaces:
• the tunnel
• the station
In tunnel, technical rooms with potential risk (electrical) can be installed. In sta-
tions,commercial rooms, mechanical equipment and technical rooms can be build. There are
fire suppression devices in the public areas and in some places like technical or commercial
rooms. These systems are used.
• E 81 First aid and fire fighting
- E810 : Extinguisher
- E811: hose-reels
- E812 : Hydrant
3.2.8.3 Comparaison tables

• E 81 First aid fire fighting (extinguisher, hose-reels, etc ...)
Network, Country Requirement: First Fire fighting equipment Comment
Brussels, Belgium No E810; No E811;E812

Copenhagen, Denmark E810, E812
Paris, France No E810 ;No E811; E812(100m)
Rennes, France No E810 ;No E811 ;E812(60m)
Helsinki, Finland No E810;No E811;E812(100m)
Prague, Czeck Rep. E810(10m distant) ;No E811;E812(50m)
Milan, Italy No E810; E811(50m) ;E812(36m)
Stockholm, Sweden No E810;No E811;noE812
Hamburg, Germany E810; E811(60m) ;E812(60m)
Berlin, Germany E810; ;No E811;noE812
Munich, Germany E810(45m distant);E811(120m) ;E812(120m)
Rotterdam, Netherlamds No E810;No E811;E812(60m)
Lisbon, Portugal No E810;No E811;noE812
Barcelona, Spain No E810;No E811;noE812
Madrid, Spain E810;No E811; E812(50m station distant)
Vienna, Austria No E810;No E811 ;noE812
Moscow, Russia E810; ;No E811;E812(90m)
London, UK No E810;No E811
USA ----------
• E82 Fire fighting media


To reduce time to extinguish fire.

The table give mainly the use of pipes in modern or old lines, the diameter of pipes( cm ).
- E 820: dry pipes
- E 821: wet pipes
- E 822: old network
- E 823 : platform
- E 824 : Communicating areas
- E 825: tunnels
- E826: dedicated fire brigade access
- E827: diameter
Requirement:
Network, Country Requirement: Fire fighting media Comment
Diameter
Brussels, Belgium 820;821;822;823;----;825;----; 100
Copenhagen, Denmark 820, 823, 825, 826 100?
Paris, France 820;821;no822;823;824;825;826; 100
Rennes, France 820;---;822;823;824;825;826; 100
Helsinki, Finland 820;821;822;no823;no824;825;826 100
;
Prague, Czeck Rep. 820;no821;no822;823;no824;no82 75
5;no826;
Milan, Italy 820;821;822;823;----;825;----; 50-180
Stockholm, Sweden 820;821;822;823;824;no825;no826 25
;
Hamburg, Germany 820;821;no822;823;no824;no825;n 80-100
o826;
Berlin, Germany 820;821;no822;823;---;825;826; 80
Munich, Germany 820;no821;822;823;no824;825;826 80
;
Rotterdam, Netherlands 820;821;822;823;824;825;---- 55-110
Lisbon, Portugal 820;821;822;823;824;825;no826; 50
Barcelona, Spain 820;821;no822;823;no824;no825;n 50
o826;
Madrid, Spain 820;no821;822;823;824;no825;826 100;70;45
;
Vienna, Austria 820;821;822;823;824;825;826; 80
Moscow, Russia 820;no821;822;823;---;825;826; 80-100
London, UK 820;821;no822;823;824;825;826; -----
USA See NFPA 130
• E84 Fixed fire suppression mitigation system (Sprinkler, Deluge)
Reference is made to the other chapter

3.2.9 E9 Others Electrical power outlet
3.2.9.1 Role of the measure :

To allow to supply all the electrical facilities used by the firemen during their intervention.

This table give also the distance between 2 outlets.
Requirement: electrical
Network, Country Requirement: distance (m) Comment
power outlet
Brussels, Belgium E-9 ---;
Copenhagen, Denmark E9 50
Paris, France E-9 50
Rennes, France E-9 150
Helsinki, Finland E-9 100
Prague, Czeck Rep. E-9 50
Milan, Italy E-9 ----;
Stockholm, Sweden No E9
Hamburg, Germany E-9 50
Berlin, Germany E-9 50
Munich, Germany E-9 60
Rotterdam, Netherlands E-9 ---;
Lisbon, Portugal E-9 40
Barcelona, Spain No E9 ---;
Madrid, Spain E-9 ----;
Vienna, Austria E-9 50
Moscow, Russia E-9 50-100
London, UK E-9 60
USA ------ -------
3.3 Structure & equipment response to fire

To avoid fire spreading in large spaces and prevent a catastrophe. For cables to avoid fire
spreading in tunnel or stations where cables are very numerous and suppress risk of panic
due to the toxicity. To avoid ventilation stop during the fire until the temperature is too high
and during the evacuation phase.

The item reaction to fire is very important.
But, in many countries, national standard define all the requirements used to design a build-
ing according to his category : shops, theatre, stations, edifices receiving people, -------etc.
So the comparison is not easy because standard test are not the same.
The tunnel structure and the equipment should be able to resist the fire and perform safely
for a period sufficient for the evacuation of the tunnel users. In addition the structure and the
equipment should enable the fire fighting. Furthermore the structure and the equipment

should be designed with the aim of minimising the economical damage from a fire.

• R1 Reaction to fire
This table below gives the principle used for many rooms located in stations or in tunnels.
- R211 Public Areas
- R212 Non Public Areas
- R213 Waste storage room
- R214 Operating room
- R215 Ventilation rooms
- R216 Low-voltage room
- R217 Traction current switch
- R218 Substations
- R219 Signal boxes
- R220 Staff rooms
Requirement in specified location:

Network, Country
211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220
Brussels, Belgium yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no ----;
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France no yes yes no yes yes yes yes no no
Rennes, France ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----;
Helsinki, Finland ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----; ----;
Prague, Czeck Rep. yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ----; -----;
Milan, Italy yes ---; ---; yes no yes no yes ---; yes
Stockholm, Sweden yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Hamburg, Germany yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Berlin, Germany no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no
Munich, Germany yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Rotterdam, Netherlamds no yes no yes ------; yes yes no no yes
Lisbon, Portugal yes no no no no yes yes yes no no
Barcelona, Spain yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes ---; no
Madrid, Spain yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Vienna, Austria yes yes yes no yes no no yes no no
Moscow, Russia yes yes ----; yes ---; yes ----; yes ----; yes
London, UK yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
USA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
• R3 Equipment resistance to fire

For the construction of a station or a tunnel it is necessary to be in accordance with specific
fire resistance requirements.Theses requirements are defined for spaces and partition.or fire
barrier.
The table below gives the main requirements (resistance time in hour)used in underground
spaces for separating walls:
- R30 Shop / public zone
- R31 Shop / shop
- R32 Shop / escape route
- R33 Doors between shop and public zone
- R34 Doors between shop and escape route
- R35 False ceilings
- R36 fire stops technical areas
- R37 separation technical room / shop

And for technical rooms:

- R380 Walls
- R381 Doors
- R382 Floors
- R383 Ceilings
Network, Country Requirement Fire resistance (hours) in specified location:

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 380 381 382 383
Brussels, Belgium 1 0.5 1 1 0.5 1 No yes 1 0.5 1 0.5
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France 1 1 1 1 1 1 yes yes 2 1 2 2
Rennes, France ---- ---- ---- --- ---- ---- --- ---- 2 2 2 2
Helsinki, Finland --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- no yes ---- ---- ---- ----
Prague, Czeck Rep. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 --- ---- 3 1.5 3 3
Milan, Italy 2 2 2 1 1 1 no yes 2 1 2 2
Stockholm, Sweden 0.5 0.5 0.5-- 0.5 0.5 -- yes yes 1 1 1 1
Hamburg, Germany -- 1.5 --- --- --- --- yes yes 1.5 0.5 1.5 1.5
Berlin, Germany --- ---- ---- --- --- --- 0.5 to 0.5 0.5
1.5 to to
1.5 1.5
Munich, Germany 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 yes yes 1.5 0.5 1.5 1.5
Rotterdam, Netherlands -- 1 --- --- 1 --- yes yes --- --- 1 ---
Lisbon, Portugal 0.5 ---- --- ----- ----- ---- yes yes ---- ----- ----- ------
Barcelona, Spain --- --- ---- ---- --- ---- --- ---- 1 1 1 1
Madrid, Spain ---- 1 --- --- ---- 2 yes yes 2 1.5 2 2
Vienna, Austria --- ---- ------ --- ----- --- ---- ------- ---- ---- ---- ----
Moscow, Russia 0;7 0.75 --- 0.6 0.6 1 yes yes 1.5 1.5 0 1
5
London, UK ---- --- --- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ----
USA
* : See NFPA 130 §2-2.3
• R31- Cables resistance to fire

Numerous cable are existing according to the different functions: power, communication,
control and command. So the structure is very important to analyse risk assessment. The
next tables show the cables type used in each country / network and the laying mode
A - Structure
- R310 PVC
- R311 Self - extinguishing
- R312 Halogen free
- R313 no smoke development
- R314 Toxicity
- R315 mineralization
- And Maintenance function(duration)
Network, Country Structure Function Duration(hour)

Brussels, Belgium no311;312;313;314;no315 Yes (0,5 to1,5)
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France 311;312;313;314;315 Yes (1)
Rennes, France 312; 313 Yes (1)
Helsinki, Finland 310;311;312;313;314;no 315 no
Prague, Czeck Rep. 311;312;313;314; Yes (1)

Network, Country Structure Function Duration(hour)

Milan, Italy No 310;311;312;313;314; no
Stockholm, Sweden 310;311;312;313
Hamburg, Germany 310;311;312;313;314;no315 Yes (0,5)
Berlin, Germany No 310;311;312;313;314;315 Yes (0,5)
Munich, Germany 310;311;312;NO 313;314;315 Yes (0,5?)
Rotterdam, Netherlands 311;no 312;313;314;
Lisbon, Portugal 311;312;313;314;no315 Yes (0,25)
Barcelona, Spain 311;312;313;314;315 Yes (1)
Madrid, Spain 311;312;313;314;
Vienna, Austria 310;311;312;313;314;315 Yes
Moscow, Russia -----; -----;
London, UK 311;312;313;314;no 315 Yes (1)
USA NFPA 70
B – Laying mode
- R3171 ground ducts
- R3172 concrete troughs
- R3173 metal supports
- R3174 plastic support
- R3175 conduits
- R3176 clamps
- R3177 individual
- R3178 bunched
- R3179 concealed
All these items are classified by importance of use.
Network, Country 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179
Brussels, Belgium 3 2 1
Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris, France 1 4 2 9 7 5 6 3 8
Rennes, France
Helsinki, Finland 2 3 1 5 4 6 6 8
Prague, Czeck Rep. 1 9 1 2 3
Milan, Italy 3 1 3 3
Stockholm, Sweden 2 1 4 3
Hamburg, Germany 2 1 3
Berlin, Germany 5 5 1 4 3 1 8 9
Munich, Germany
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Lisbon, Portugal 1 2 1 10 10 9 3 9 10
Barcelona, Spain 3 4 2 1
Madrid, Spain
Vienna, Austria 8 2 4 1 3 5 6 7 9
Moscow, Russia
London, UK 9 6 1 8 3 5 2 4 7
USA
R32-Fire resistance of fans

The fire resistance of emergency fans is important and depends on the fire load , on the dis-
tance between fire and ventilation shaft, on the evacuation procedures.
For the different network, the table give time and temperature resistance.

Requirement: Resistant to
Requirement: Duration
Network, Country fire temperature (°C)
(hour)
(in station)
Brussels, Belgium
Copenhagen, Denmark 200 (400) 2 (1)
Paris, France 200 2
Rennes, France 350 ----,
Helsinki, Finland ----; -----;
Prague, Czeck Rep. ----; -----;
Milan, Italy 300(100) 1,5
Stockholm, Sweden ----; -----;
Hamburg, Germany ----; -----;
Munich, Germany ----; -----;(1,5)
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Lisbon, Portugal 300(300) 1(1,5)
Barcelona, Spain 400(400) 1(1)
Madrid, Spain ----;(100) -----;
Vienna, Austria 250(60) 1,5
Moscow, Russia ---;(0) ---;(0,5)
London, UK 350(360) 1(1)
USA 250 1

Appendix 1
4 APPENDIX 1: TABLES OF CONTENTS OF NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR TUNNELS

AND STATIONS TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH
4.1 France
4.1.1 IT 98-300 du 8/07/1998- Instruction Technique Interministérielle relative à la

-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F- F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F--F-F-F-F-F-
Sécurité dans les tunnels ferroviaires (in French only).

Contents
1- Scope
1-1 field of applications
1-2 specification of the tunnels
1-3 classification of the tunnels
1-4 other specifications
1-4.1 urban lines
1-4.2 mixed traffic lines
1-4.3 passenger lines
1-4.4 rolling stock
1-4.5 dangerous goods
2- Fire resistance and reaction
2-1 reaction to fire
2-2 fire resistance
2-2-1 fire resistance of principal structures
2-2-1-1 dug or submerged tunnels and covered trenches
2-2-1-2 tunnels integrated with an inhabited or occupied concrete structure
2-2-1-3 tunnels licensed for the passage of dangerous goods
2-2-1-4 light covers
2-2-2 fire resistance of secondary structures
2-2-2-1false ceilings and partition separating ventilation passages
2-2-2-2 technical premises and ventilation locations
3- Communal requirements
3-1 civil engineering
3-1-1 emergency vehicle access and parking at tunnel portals
3-1-2 progress
3-1-3 safety of maintenance workers
3-2 general security equipment
3-2-1 electricity supply
3-2-2 lighting
3-2-3 identifying issues and distance/removal
3-2-4 fire fighting water supply
3-2-5 emergency service communication
3-2-6 resurfacing
3-2-7 call circuit
3-3 rail road security facilities
3-3-1 ground-train relationship
3-3-2 speed control system
3-3-3 lorries
4- Particular requirements
4-1 civil engineering

Appendix 1
4-1-1 system of approval

4-1-2 emergency access in urban tunnels
4-1-3 evacuation of passengers
4-1-4 helicopter landing areas
4-1-5 anti-recycling system of fumes in tunnel portals
4-2 ventilation, smoke extraction
4-3 limitation/separation of passengers and freight
4-4 rolling stock
4-4-1 equipment or arrangements of railroad security
4-4-2 hot axle box detection
Total number of pages:18
4.1.2 Arrêté du 20 février 1983 modifié portant approbation des règles de sécurité
et des modalités de contrôle applicables aux locaux accessibles au public, situés sur
le domaine public du chemin de fer et rigoureusement indispensables à l'exploitation
de celui-ci Partie :Gare
( in French only)
Contents
1- Conditions and field of applications for safety rules
1-1 Conditions of application
1-2 Field of applications
1-3 Determination of people, category and activity of the stations
2-Technical rules concerning construction and internal facilities
2-1aerial stations
2-1-1 facilities concerning stations receiving more than 200 people
2-2 underground stations
2-2-1 stations with passage of goods transportation trains
2-2-3 stations with only passengers trains
3-3 mixed stations
3-Rescue means
3-1 aerial stations
3-2 underground stations
3-3 mixed stations
4- Complementary obligations for operators
Number of pages:17
Summary:
This is a comprehensive document concerning the classification of the station and the safety
needs for design, equipments and rescue means. It defines also the obligations for the op-
erator.

Appendix 1
4.1.3 Arrêté du 25 juin 1980 portant approbation des dispositions générales du

règlement de sécurité contre les risques d’incendie et de panique dans les
établissements recevant du public.
Decree of June 25, 1980 carrying approval of the general provisions of the safety regulations against the panic and fire
hazards in the establishments receiving of the public
ANALYTICAL TABLE
DELIVER FIRST
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL THE ESTABLISHMENTS RECEIVING OF THE PUBLIC
Single chapter
Section I. - Classification of establishments…
Section II. - Adaptation of the safety requirements and particular cases of application of payment…
Section III. - Controls of establishments…
Section IV. - Work…
Section V. - Standardization…
DELIVER II
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO THE ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE FIRST FOUR CATEGORIES
TITLE FIRST - General provisions
Chapter first
General information…
Section I. - Control of the establishments…
Section II. - Technical Checks…
Chapter II. - Construction.
Section I. - Design and service road of the buildings…
Section II. - Insulation compared to the thirds…
Section III. - Fire resistance of the structures…
Section IV. - Covers…
Section V. - Frontages…
Section VI. - Interior Distribution and partitioning…
Section VII. - Buildings non accessible to the public, buildings at the particular risks…
Section VIII. - Conduits and sheaths…
Section IX. - Releases:
Sub-section 1. General provisions…
Sub-section 2. Exits…
Sub-section 3. Staircases
Section X. - nondismountable Platforms and steps
Chapter III. - Interior Installations, decoration and furniture.
General information…
Section I. - Coatings
Section II. - Elements of decoration
Section III. - Hangings, doors, curtains, nets curtain
Section IV. - Large furniture, principal fitting, installation of light floors in superstructure…
Chapter IV. - Smoke clearing…
Chapter V. - Heating, ventilation, refrigeration air-conditioning, air conditioning and installation of domestic hot
water.
Section I. - General information

Appendix 1
Section II. - Apparatus Installation of of production of heat…

Section III. - Fuel storage…
Section IV. - (Repealed).
Section V. - Heating with hot water, vapor and hot air…
Section VI. - Domestic hot water
Section VII. - Treatment of air and ventilation
Sub-section 1. Ventilation of comfort… CH 29 to 40
Sub-section 2. Controlled mechanical ventilation… CH 41 to 43
Section VIII. - Equipment self-contained of production, emission of heat… CH 44 to 56
Section IX. - Maintenance and checks… CH 57 and 58
Chapter VI. - Installations with fuel gases and liquefied hydrocarbons.
Section I. - General information… GZ 1 to 3
Section II. - Storage of liquefied hydrocarbons (commercial butane and propane)… GZ 4 to 9
Section III. - Devices of relaxation and counting… GZ 10 and 11
Section IV. - Conduits, switchgear and relaxation… GZ 12 to 19
Section V. - Ventilation and ventilation of the buildings, evacuation of the products combustion GZ 20 to 25
Section VI. - Appliances… GZ 26
Section VII. - Conformity, maintenance and checks of the installations of gas… GZ 27 to 30
Chapter VII. - Electric Installations.
Section I. - General information… EL 1 to 4
Section II. - Rules of installation… EL 5 to 11
Section III. - Installations of safety… EL 12 to 17
Section IV. - Maintenance, exploitation and checks… EL 18 and 19
Section V. - Installations temporary… EL 20 to 23
Chapter VIII. — Lighting.
Section I. - General information…: EC. 1 to 5
Section II. - Normal Lighting… EC. 6
Section III. - Emergency Lighting… EC. 7 to 15
Chapter IX. - Elevators escalators and travelators.
Section I. - Elevators… ACE 1 to 3
Section II. - Particular Provisions concerning the elevators intended for the evacuation of the physical handicapped peo-
ple… ACE 4 and 5
Section III. - Escalators and travelators… ACE 6 and 7
Section IV. - Maintenance and checks… ACE 8 to 11
Chapter X. - Installations of boiling apparatuses intended for the restoration.
Applicability… GC 1
Section I. - General information… GC 2 to 11
Section II. - Great kitchen isolated from the buildings accessible to public… GC 12 to 14
Section III. - Great kitchen open on a room accessible to public… GC 15
Section IV. - Boiling apparatuses not forming part of a unit great kitchen but installed in the rooms accessible to public…
GC 16 and 17
Section V. - Maintenance and checks… GC 18 and 19
Chapter XI. - Backup facilities against the fire.
Section I. - General information… ms 1 to 3
Section II. - Various means of extinction ms 4 to 40
Sub-section 1. Mouths, private posts of fire and water points… ms 5 to 7
Sub-section 2. Connections and drains… ms 8 to 13
Sub-section 3. Equipped fire valves… ms 14 to 17
Sub-section 4. Columns dry… ms 18 to 21
.

Appendix 1
Sub-section 5. Pipes fire it (known as wet standpipes)… ms 22 to 24

Sub-section 6. Installations of automatic extinction or with hand drive operation… ms 25 to 30
Sub-section 7. Specific outfalls… ms 31 to 34
Sub-section 8. Irrigated structural components… ms 35 to 37
Sub-section 9. Mobile apparatuses and various means… ms 38 to 40
Section III. - Provisions aiming at facilitating the action of firemen… ms 41 to 44
Section IV. - Service of fire protection… ms 45 to 52
Section V. - System of fire protection (IF)… ms 53 to 55
Sub-section 1. System of detection fire… ms 56 to 58
Sub-section 2. System of setting in fire protection (SMSI)… ms 59 and 60
Sub-section 3. Warning system… ms 61 to 67
Sub-section 4. Maintenance and operating instructions… ms 68 and 69
Section VI. - Alarm system… ms 70 and 71
Section VII. - Maintenance, checks and controls… ms 72 to 74
Number of pages : 185
4.1.4 Decree n°2003-425 of May 9, 2003 Decree relating to the safety of guided
public transport
4.1.4.1 TITLE Ist: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
4.1.4.2 CONTAIN II: SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT GUIDED IN ILE-DE-FRANCE AND
IN A PERIMETER OF URBAN TRANSPORT.
Ier chapter: Design and realization. Design and building

Section 1: General provisions. General rules
Chapter II: Exploitation.
Section 1: General provisions. General rules
Chapter III: Control of the State. State control
Chapter IV: Various provisions
4.1.4.3 CONTAIN III: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS. Mixt systems
4.1.4.4 CONTAIN IV: SKI LIFTS MENTIONED IN ARTICLE 45 of the LAW of JANUARY 9, 1985.
4.1.4.5 TITLE V: GUIDED SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT WITH TOURIST OR HISTORICAL

VOCATION.
Ist chapter: Application field and definitions
Chapter II: Safety requirements and authorization
4.1.4.6 CONTAIN VI: SPECIFIC MEASURES FOR OTHER PUBLIC GUIDED SYSTEMS OF
TRANSPORT.
4.1.4.7 CONTAIN VII: Miscellaneous
Number of pages: 9

Appendix 1
4.2 Spain
E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-
4.2.1 Normes techniques sobre seguretat contra incendis a la xarxa ferroviaria

sotterrada a Catalunya
(in catalan only)
Contents
1- Objectives and field of applications
1-1 objective
1-2 field of application
1-3 terminology
2- Stations
2-1 stations
2-2 construction materials
2-3 ventilation and smoke exhaust
2-4 electrical fittings
2-5 escape routes
2-6 fire protection
2-7 Command and control centre
2-8 Maintenance
2-9 Disabled people
3- Total or partial underground line tunnel
3-1 preliminary
3-2 underground tunnel
4-Communications
4-1 preliminary
4-2 radio
4-3 telephone
4--4 megaphone
4-5 portable phone
4-6 recordings
5-Emergency plan
5-1 internal emergency plan
5-2 description
5-3 emergency communications
Number of pages: 65
4.2.2 Fire safety on Madrid metro-Fire protection system and resources

Contents
1- introduction
2- fire protection system and resources
2-1developments and actions for intervening in emergency cases
2-2 fire protection systems and installations
E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-
2-3 systems assisting and supporting installation management and fire protection system
operations
2-4 communication systems
2-5 installation and passenger safety
2-6 supervision, control and train operating safety .

Appendix 1
2-7 personnel training and educational activities
Number of pages: 21
4.3 Germany
D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-
4.3.1 BOStrab-E-Bau-RL Guideline for electrical equipment concerning to the

Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (BOStrab) 23th August 1990
Contents
This guideline contains no fire safety relevant information except:
Part 1
1.2.3 Emergency power supply
Part 2
2.3 Safety/Emergency Lighting
4.3.2 BOStrab-Tunnelbau-RL Guideline for the Construction of Tunnels concerning

to the Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (BOStrab) 30th April
1991
Contents
1. General
1.1 Scope
1.2 General demands
2. Design of tunnels
2.1 Driving tunnel
2.1.1 Tunnel cross section
2.1.2 Safety space
2.1.3 Emergency exits
2.2 Stations
2.2.1 Platforms
2.2.2 Connections
2.2.3 Information equipment
2.3 Tunnel drainage
2.4 Fire safety
2.4.1 Structural parts
2.4.2 Wall- and ceiling coverings, floors, built-in parts
2.4.3 Rooms with increased fire danger
2.4.4 Emergency/rescue ways in stations and operation areas
3. Construction work of tunnels
3.1 Basic demands
3.1.1 Structural calculations
3.1.2 Load assumptions
3.1.3 Environmental protection
3.1.4 Materials
3.1.5 Durability of tunnels
3.1.6 Minimum reinforcement
-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-
3.1.7 Sealing
3.1.8 Electrical measures
3.2 Cut and cover methods

Appendix 1
3.2.1 Excavation
3.2.1.1 Load assumptions for excavation/auxiliary bridges
3.2.1.2 Excavation support
3.2.1.3 Earth pressure reduction
3.2.1.4 Measurements
3.2.2 Tunnel
3.2.2.1 Earth pressure on tunnel
3.2.2.2 Dynamic loads
3.2.2.3 Influence of dewing salt
3.3 Tunnelling methods
3.3.1 Tunnel cross section
3.3.2 Structural analysis
3.3.3 Measurements
3.3.4 Safety measures during excavation
4.3.3 BOStrab Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (Tramway-

Construction and –Operation Guideline – BOStrab) 11th December 1987
Contents
First Chapter
General
§ 1 Scope and general definitions
§ 2 Basic rules
§ 3 General demands concerning the construction of the traffic system (track, buildings, signals)
and the vehicles
§ 4 Generals demands concerning the operation
§ 5 Technical controlling
§ 6 Exceptions
Second Chapter
Operational management
§ 7 Contractor
§ 8 Operation manager
§ 9 Acknowledgement as operation manager
Third Chapter
Operational staff
§ 10 General demands on operational staff
§ 11 Special demands on driving staff
§ 12 Education and examination of driving staff
§ 13 Behaviour during service
§ 14 Behaviour on disease
Fourth Chapter
Traffic System
§ 15 Route planning
§ 16 Track
§ 17 Superstructure and road-bed
§ 18 Definition of clear space
§ 19 Safety space
-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-
§ 20 Crossings
§ 21 Signals
§ 22 Train steering and –controlling equipment
.

Appendix 1
§ 23 Communication equipment
§ 24 Power supply equipment
§ 25 Power supply for vehicles equipment
§ 26 Earth connection
§ 27 Lighting equipment
§ 28 Pipes
§ 29 Bridges
§ 30 Tunnels
§ 31 Stations
§ 32 Escalators
Fifth Chapter
Vehicles
§ 33 Vehicle design
§ 34 Vehicles measures
§ 35 Wheels, wheel systems
§ 36 Brakes
§ 37 Driving power
§ 38 Steering
§ 39 Current collector
§ 40 Signals
§ 41 Track- and rail clearer
§ 42 Couplings
§ 43 Doors for users
§ 44 Driver seat
§ 45 Lighting, heating ventilation of vehicles
§ 46 Information equipment
§ 47 Writings and symbols
§ 48 Emergency equipment
Sixth Chapter
Operation
§ 49 Driving regulations
§ 50 Speed limits
§ 51 Signals
§ 52 Usage of operational staff
§ 53 Usage of driving staff on trains
§ 54 Driving
§ 55 Interaction with road traffic
§ 56 Reaction on minor defects in trains
§ 57 Maintenance of system and vehicles
§ 58 Using and entering the track system an the vehicles
§ 59 Endangering actions
Seventh Chapter
Guidelines of proceedings
§ 60 Examination of design papers for constructions
D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-
§ 61 Controlling of the construction process

§ 62 Inspection and approval
Eighth Chapter
Infringement of regulations, final and interims guidelines
§ 63 Infringement of regulations
§ 64 Berlin clause

Appendix 1
§ 65 Coming into force and interims guidelines
4.4 Finland
FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-
4.4.1 Fire Safety of Buildings

This document is not specific to metros but used as background reference where applicable.
Contents
Definitions
1- General
1-1 Scope
1-2 The essential requirement
1-3 Verification of satisfaction of the requirement
1-4 Recognition of mutual acceptance
2- Fire load
2-1 Determination of the fire load
2-2 Fire load categories
3- Fire classes of buildings
3-1 Fire classes
3-2 Restriction on the size of buildings and of the number of occupants
4- Prevention of ignition
4-1 General requirements
5- Limiting the fire into the fire compartment
5-2 Compartment area
6- Maintaining the load-bearing capacity of constructions
6-2 Design based on classification
6-3 Design based on fire development
7- Prevention of spread of fire from a compartment
7-2 Class requirements for fire-separating building elements
7-3 Fire doors, windows and shutters
7-4 Penetrations
7-5 Ventilation devices
7-6 Attics, voids, external walls and balconies
8- Limitation of fire development
8-2 Internal surfaces
8-3 External walls
8-4 Roof coverings
9- Prevention of spread of fire to neighbouring buildings
9-2 Fire walls
-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-FIN-
10- Evacuation in case of fire

10-2 Distance to exits
10-3 Number of exits
10-4 Dimension of exits .

Appendix 1
10-5 Fire separation and construction of exits

10-6 Opening of doors and lighting and marking of exit routes
10-7 Calculation of evacuation time
11- Organisation of extinguishing and rescue operations
11-2 Access to objects of extinguishing operations
11-3 Smoke detector and automatic fire alarm installation
11-4 Smoke extraction
11-5 Fire extinguishing devices
11-6 Limitation signs
11-7 Safety assessment
Annex : Information for guidance
4.5 USA
USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA- USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA-USA USA-USA-
4.5.1 NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guide way Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
Contents
1- General
1-1Scope
1-2 purpose
1-3characteristics of fire safety
1-4 applications
1-5 1-5 definitions
2. Stations
2-1general
2-2 construction
2-3ventilation
2-4 wiring requirements
2-5means of egress
2-6 emergency lighting
2-7 fire protection
3. Trainways
3-1general
3-2 underground
3-3 surface
3-4 elevated
4. Emergency Ventilation System
4-1 general
4-2 design
4-3 emergency ventilation fires
4-4 devices
4-5 shafts
4-6 emergency ventilation system control / operations
4-7 power and wiring
5- Vehicles
5-1applicability
5-2 construction
5-3 electrical safety requirements
5-4 ventilation
5-5 emergency egress facilities

Appendix 1
5-6 protection
6- Vehicle Storage and Maintenance Areas
6-1 general
6-2 open areas
6-3 structures
6-4fire protection suppression system
6-5 operations and maintenance
7- Emergency Procedures
7-1general
7-2 emergencies
7-3emergency procedure plan
7-4 participating agencies
7-5 central supervising station
7-6liaison
7-7 command post
7-8 auxiliary command
Communications post
8-1general
8-2 central supervising station command post relationship
8-3radiocommunication
8-4telephone
8-5 portable telephone and lines
8-6messenger service
8-7public address system
8-8portable powered speakers
Appendix A Explanatory material
Appendix B Ventilation
Appendix C Emergency egress
Appendix D Suggested test procedures for fire hazard assessment
Appendix E Creepage distance
Appendix F Referenced Publications
Total number of pages:38 pages

FIT Annex3 Technical Report Part 2 Fire Safe Design Metro Tunnels PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

FIT Annex3 Technical Report Part 2 Fire Safe Design Metro Tunnels PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technical Report – Part 2

Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels

2 Comprehensive list of safety measures 292

3 Matrix of guidelines contents 294

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – Metro Tunnels’ 283/329

The rolling stock

Thematic Network Fire in Tunnels 285/329

1 LIST OF COLLECTED GUIDELINES

The first level is a list of the documents including:

The second level includes:

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 286/329

1.1 Table of references for tunnels (national guidelines)

Arrêté du 23 mai 2003 relatif aux dossiers de sécu- 23/05/03 Arrété

Safety in rail tunnels 8/07/1998 Ministerial instruction

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 287/329

Guideline for the construction of Tunnels BO Strab 30/04/1991 Guideline

1.2 Table of references for stations ( national guidelines)

Finland Fire safety of buildings E1 2002 Regulations and guide- No specific

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 288/329

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 289/329

1.3 Analytical summaries (national guidelines)

1.3.1.1 IT 98-300 du 8/07/1998- Instruction Technique Interministérielle relative à la

1.3.2.2 Fire safety on Madrid metro-Fire protection system and resources

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 290/329

1.3.3.1 BOStrab-E-Bau-RLGuideline for electrical equipment concerning to the Guide-

1.3.3.2 BOStrab-Tunnelbau-RL Guideline for the Construction of Tunnels concerning

1.3.3.3 BOStrab Guideline for Construction and Operation of Tramways (Tramway-

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 291/329

2 COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF SAFETY MEASURES

2.1 Structural measures relevant to safety

S2 Emergency access for rescue staff

S3 Drainage of flammable liquids

2.2 Safety equipment

E2 Emergency exit and rescue access ventilation

E3 Lighting measurement at portals

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 292/329

E5 Communication and alarm system

E6 Traffic regulation - monitoring equipments

E8 Fire suppression (fire fighting equipment)

2.3 Structure & equipments, response to fire

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 293/329

3 MATRIX OF GUIDELINES CONTENTS

S31 Inclination of tunnel axis Ø Ø Ø

Figure 1 Overview over types of requirements, amount of informa-

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 294/329

3.1 Structural measures relevant to safety

3.1.1 S1 - Emergency passenger exit for users

3.1.1.1 Role of the measure

3.1.1.2 Synthesis - comments

• S12 Emergency cross-passage

• S 14 Direct pedestrian emergency exits

3.1.2 S2 - Emergency access for rescue staff

3.1.2.1 Role of the measure

Technical report Part 2 ‘Fire Safe Design – metro tunnels’ 295/329

3.1.2.2 Synthesis - comments

• S22 Cross passage vehicle access

• S23 Emergency lane

• S24 Direct pedestrian access (lateral, upstairs, shaft)

The following table indicates maximum distance between two stations.

Network, Country Requirement; Maximum distance between sta- Comment

• S25 Turning areas

• S26 Emergency siding (external for rail tunnels)