DEFINITIONS OF JOB SATISFACTION

Different authors give various definitions of job satisfaction. Some of them are taken from
the book of D.M. Pestonjee ³Motivation and Job Satisfaction´ which are given below:

Job satisfaction is defined as a pleasurable, emotional, state resulting from appraisal of one’s job.
an effective reaction to one’s job.
Weiss
Job satisfaction is general attitude, which is the result of many specific attitudes in three areas
namely: Specific job factors Individual characteristics Group relationship outside the job.

Blum and Naylor

Job satisfaction is defined, as it is result of various attitudes the person hold towards the job,
towards the related factors and towards the life in general.

Glimmer

Job satisfaction is defined as ³any contribution, psychological, physical, and environmental

circumstances that cause a person truthfully say, µI am satisfied with my job. Job satisfaction is
defined, as employee’s judgment of how well his job on a whole is satisfying his various needs
Mr. Smith
Job satisfaction is defined as a pleasurable or positive state of mind resulting from appraisal
of one’s job or job experiences.
Locke
Mira Singh and Pestonjee (1990), hypothesized that Job Satisfaction is influenced by the levels
of Occupation, Job involvement and Participation. The sample for the study consisted of 250
officers and 250 clerical cadres belonging to a nationalized bank in Western India. The study
confirmed the hypothesis and it was found that Job Satisfaction of the Bank employees was
positively affected by the Occupational level, Job involvement and participation.
Balgir (1991) attempted to understand hygiene-motivational factors as postulated by Herge berg
based on their need priorities that dominate the minds of Indian Managers while continuing
service in their respective Organizations. The results revealed that Job Satisfaction, Salary, Job
Security, better chances of promotion, happy Personal life, high Position and friendly social
circle are some of the motivating factors in that order which strongly influence Indian Mangers.
Mathew (1991) tested the relationship between Satisfaction and Organizations commitment with
a Non-recursive model that permitted the simultaneous examination of the influence of
satisfaction on commitment and the influence of commitment on satisfaction. The study
highlighted that the two variables were reciprocally related but that the influence of satisfaction
on commitment was stronger.

Mehra and Mishra (1991) in their study explored the potential moderator effect of mental health
on the Intrinsic Job Satisfaction-Occupational stress relationship. The study was conducted on
250 blue collar industrial workers of UPTRON India Ltd. The findings of the study showed that
mental health has a moderating effect on the Intrinsic Job Satisfaction-Occupational stress
relationship.

Dhar and jains (1992) carried out an investigation amongst academicians. The investigation
explored the nature of relationship between Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement, Age and Length
of service. An important finding of the study was that Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction are
positive correlates which imply that involvement in Job increases Job Satisfaction and vice-
versa.

Syeed (1992), made an Endeavour to determine the relationship between employee Job
Satisfaction and Organizational effectiveness. The sample for the study consisted of 44
supervisors of a public sector undertaking which was randomly drawn from a single unit of the
Company. The main objective of the study was to relate satisfaction with Organizational
effectiveness along with personal attributes such as age, education, pay, length of service etc. the
study revealed that Job satisfaction facets had more explanatory power than the personal
attributes of respondents. It was clear from the study that the Organization through its human
resource development policies and practices created better environment for employees, resulting
in greater satisfaction which in turn enhanced Organizational effectiveness.
Rama Devi (1997) conducted a study on faculty Job Satisfaction and their views on management
of the two universities in Andhra Pradesh. The sample consisting of 200 teaching faculty and 100
members were selected randomly from each university and the attempt was made to measure Job
Satisfaction of the faculty in universities of Andhra Pradesh. The study found that the factors
such as freedom in job, scope for self-improvement, income and job security were causing
satisfaction while bureaucratic rules, no recognition for work and routine work were causing
dissatisfaction to them.

Sarris and Judges (2004), article provided greater understanding of the research on employee’s
attitudes and Job Satisfaction. The article identified three gaps between Human resource practice
and the scientific research in the area of employee attitudes in general and the most focal
employee attitude in particular –Job satisfaction: the causes of employee attitudes, the result of
positive or negative job satisfaction and how to measure and influence employee attitudes.
Suggestions for practitioners are provided on how to close the gaps in knowledge and for
evaluating implemented practices. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant
negative correlation between age, education and various job factors that determine the job
satisfaction.

Rajesh (2007) studied the Quality of Work life and Job satisfaction in 10 IT Companies
professionals from 3 cities i.e. Hyderabad, Bangalore and Chennai. The objectives of the study
were to explore the levels of Job Satisfaction and relationship between demographic
characteristics and satisfaction, to find differences exists between demographic characteristics
with overall Job Satisfaction, to identify specific Indicators that causes dissatisfaction and to
examine the hierarchy of needs among IT Professionals. The questionnaire was administered to
collect primary data. The study revealed that higher income groups and higher experienced were
the most dissatisfied with Job Security. It was also showed that the most satisfied employees in
IT Industry were of Hyderabad, followed by Chennai and Bangalore respectively.

Chen and Silverthrone (2008) examined the relationship between Locus of Control (LOC) and
the work-related behavioral measures of job stress, Satisfaction and performance of professional
accountants who work for Certified Public Accountant (CPA) firms in Taiwan. The main
objective of the study was to assess how LOC impacts individuals and behavior in the work
place in three primary areas: Job Stress, Job Satisfaction and Job performance. A total of 620
survey instruments were mailed to 310 Certified Public Accountant firms in Taiwan with two
surveys sent to each firm. The findings indicated that one aspect of an accountant’s personality,
as measured by locus of control, plays an important role in predicting the level of Job
satisfaction, stress and performance. Individuals with a higher internal locus control are more
likely to have lower levels of job stress and higher levels of job performance and satisfaction.

Santhapparaj (2005) studied the Job Satisfaction of the women managers working in automobile
Manufacturing Industry in Malaysia. It was based on primary survey from 200 women managers.
The study investigated the relationship between specific aspects of Job Satisfaction and the
personal characteristics of women managers. It was also aimed to retest the Herzberg’s Two-
Factor theory. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation
between education level and pay, promotion people on present job and job in general. The
percentage of overall satisfaction was 75.59%. The results did not support the Herzberg ’s theory
and concluded that no separate and distinct factors lead to job satisfaction or dissatisfaction, but
if they were together contributed to job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The study reveals that
there was a need for change in the Organizational culture and the management should create the
environment for social and organizational network. The factor which was relatively less satisfied
was the pay and this can be improved only through dialogue which involve cost to the
organization and the less level of satisfaction on present job could be easily improved by job
rotation, providing challenging job and so on.

Santhapparaj (2005) were assessed the job satisfaction of the women managers working in
automobile industry in Malaysia based on primary survey from 200 woman managers. The result
showed that female managers were generally satisfied with their job. Highest level of satisfaction
occurs in the areas of supervision, job in general, and present job and present pay. However,
relatively more number of women managers was dissatisfied with their co-workers, pay and
present job.
JOB SATISFACTION

The term “Job satisfaction” refers to an employee’s general attitude towards his job. Locke
defines job satisfaction as a “pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal
of one’s job or job experiences.”To the extent that a person’s job fulfills his dominant need and is
consistent with his expectations and values, the job will be satisfying. Job satisfaction is how
content an individual is with his or her job. Scholars and human resource professionals generally
make a distinction between. Affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective
job satisfaction is extent of pleasurable emotional feelings individuals have about their jobs
overall and is different to cognitive job satisfaction which is the extent of individuals satisfaction
with particular face to their jobs ,such as pay pension arrangements, working hours, and
numerous other aspects of their jobs.

IMPORTANCE OF JOB SATISFACTION

 Job satisfaction is an important indicator of how employees feel about their job and
a predictor of work behavior such as organizational, citizenship, Absenteeism, Turnover.
 Job satisfaction can partially mediate the relationship of personality variables and deviant work
behaviour.
 Common research finding is that job satisfaction is correlated with life style. This correlation is
reciprocal meaning the people who are satisfied with the life tends to be satisfied with their jobs
and the people who are satisfied their jobs tends to satisfied with their work.
 This is vital piece of information that is job satisfaction and job performance is directly related to
one another. Thus it can be said that, ³A happy worker is a productive worker.
 It gives clear evidence that dissatisfied employees skip work more often and more like tore sign
and satisfied worker likely to work longer with the organization.

NEEDS OF JOB SATISFACTION

Hop pock, the earliest investigator in this field, in 1935 suggested that there are six
major components of job satisfaction. These are as under:

 The way the individual reacts to unpleasant situations,

 The facility with which he adjusted himself with other person.
 The relative status in the social and economic group with which he identifies himself
 The nature of work in relation to abilities, interest and preparation of worker
 Security.
 Loyalty Herzberg, mousier, Peterson and cap well in 1957 reviewed more than 150 studies and
listed various job factors of job satisfaction. These are briefly defined one by one as follows:

1. Intrinsic aspect of job

It includes all of the many aspects of the work, which would tend to be constant for the
work regardless of where the work was performed.

2. Supervision
This aspect of job satisfaction pertains to relationship of worker with his immediate superiors.
Supervision, as a factor, generally influences job satisfaction.

3 .Working conditions
This includes those physical aspects of environment which are not necessary a part of the work.
Hours are included this factor because it is primarily a function of organization, affecting the
individuals comfort and convenience in much the same way as other physical working
conditions.

4. Wage and salaries

This factor includes all aspect of job involving present monitory remuneration for work done.
5. Opportunities for advancement
It includes all aspect of job which individual sees as potential sources of betterment of economic
position, organizational status or professional experience.

6. Security

It is defined to include that feature of job situation, which leads to assurance for continued
employment, either within the same company or within same type of work profession.

7. Company & management

It includes the aspect of worker’s immediate situation, which is a function of organizational
administration and policy. It also involves the relationship of employee with all company
superiors above level of immediate supervision.

8. Social aspect of job

It includes relationship of worker with the employees specially those employees at same
or nearly same level within the organization.

9. Communication
It includes job situation, which involves spreading the information in any direction within the
organization. Terms such as information of employee’s status, information on new developments,
information on company line of authority, suggestion system, etc, are used in literature to
represent this factor.

10. Benefits
It includes those special phases of company policy, which attempts to prepare the worker
for emergencies, illness, old age, also.
Company allowances for holidays, leaves and vacations are included within this factor.
 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 Job satisfaction is an important output the employees work for organisation.

 It is an interesting and significant area for conducting research.

 The study made on the topic of job satisfaction will reveal the factor of feelings of employees.

 This report is useful to the management of company to know the satisfaction levels of employees
and they can take measures to increase productivity.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

 To study the job satisfaction levels among the employees of Freighterix Cargo Solutions., chennai

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES

 To study the factors influencing employee satisfaction towards their work.

 To study the demographic factors of the employee (Gender, Qualification, Age, and years of service
in a company).

To give suggestions to increase the job satisfaction of the employee

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

 Time is the important limitation. Due to time constraints only limited respondents is taken for the
study.
 Findings of this study can be used only for Freighterix Cargo Solutions and it cannot be
generalised for other companies.

 The biased view of the respondents is another cause of the limitation.

 CHAPTER-2

INDUSTRY PROFILE

Logistics industry in India is an industry that has not achieved its much deserved attention or
recognition. It is an area that is ripe with potential and yet the resources are far from complete
utilizations. There is however a huge demand for logistic services in India especially with the
growth of
the Indian economy along with the influx of new companies in sectors that was otherwise
unknown. Estimated at a value of $14 billion US dollars this industry is slated for another 9% to
10% growth in the years to come.

Purpose of Logistics Industry

The purpose of logistics industry is to enable an effective transportation or timely movement of
goods from one place to another. This could be for the purpose of industrial transportation or
even private purposes.

Different mediums of Logistics services

There are three mediums of logistics services in India. These can be categorized in the following
way:
Air freight – this is a modern and the safest mode to ensure a fast delivery of goods. A chosen
one by many because of the swiftness of the system there are many companies that are now even
providing super fats deliveries by airways even on the same day.

Land transport – this is a means of logistics support that has withstood the test of time through
the extensive network of roads in India. It has been the popularly used method and used
especially in the shipments of heavy articles like machinery and vehicles. This is also a chosen
method in case of household packers and movers.
Railways – this is also an age old method of shipments and transport. Though most used in case
of domestic services this is very effective in the availability of cost effective logistics support in
India.

Waterways – an essential part of this industry this is also one of the oldest methods. Shipments
and transportation of goods is done on an international basis through this way. It is apt in case of
shipments of oil, highly sensitive or volatile articles like Uranium.

Top 10 Logistics Companies in India

Among the key players of the Indian logistics industry there are certain international names
along with national companies that are not only world leaders in the field but are also part of the
Indian industry for a long time now.

DHL – a very commonly known name in the Indian logistics industry, DHL has been part of the
industry for a long time now. Established in San Francisco in the 1969 DHL has grown across
220 countries with over 300,000 employees. It has built a reputation over the years as a
responsible logistics support air, ocean, express freight and overland transport, contract logistic
solutions.

TNT – this is an international brand that has been a part of the Indian market also. Established at
Netherlands, TNT is a reliable name in the arena of international transportation and distribution
business. Spread across 200 countries it has an estimated revenue turnover of $ 3,500 billion US
dollars.

AFL – this is one of well known international players in the logistics industry of India. The main
areas of service by the company are in the area of logistics and warehousing along with Courier
Company and custom consultant.

BLUE DART – this is one of the premier companies in the field of logistics. The company has a
huge network linked with the most advanced communication systems. Blue Dart handles large
and oversized packages and stands for an overnight delivery of such goods.

GATI – one of the pioneering companies in the field of logistics. This is one the companies that
have taken several initiatives to implement modernization in the area of logistics. With a
turnover of ` 576 crores this company believes in setting new standards of customer service.

DTDC – this company spreads over 3700 locations within India and 240 international places.
The company is a leading name in low cost shipments along with timely delivery.

ASHOK LEYLAND – this is an established name in the manufacture of trailer trucks and heavy
vehicles in India. It has come up with a new venture in Ashley Transport Services Ltd. in the area
of information exchanges and the business of freight contractors along with integrated logistics
services.

FIRST FLIGHT – this is an Indian company that has domestic, international and many other
programs of multi tracking technologies.

AGARWAL PACKERS AND MOVERS – this is a popular name in the field of logistics
companies of India. Services like shifting, transport of cars, and all other forms of quality
packing and transportation this is a name that has over the years become synonymous with
quality and assurance. –

India’s logistics sector is poised for accelerated growth, led by GDP revival, ramp up in transport
infrastructure, e-commerce penetration, impending GST implementation, and other initiatives
like ‘Make in India.’
This offers opportunities across the spectrum for companies in transportation, storage,
distribution, and allied services, according to a report by Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd.
Empirical evidence suggests the Indian logistics industry grows at 1.5-2 times the GDP growth.
Moreover, infrastructural bottlenecks that have stifled sector’s growth and promoted inefficiency
are being addressed by the government.
Building of dedicated rail freight corridors will promote efficient haulage of containerised cargo
by rail. One key advantage of the dedicated freight corridor is that freight trains could be run on
time tables similar to passenger trains, and the frequency can be theoretically increased to one
train in 10 minutes. This will reduce time for goods transportation between Mumbai and Delhi to
18 hours from 60 hours now.
Also, setting up of various industrial corridors along the dedicated freight route will
metamorphose the warehousing business– from small warehouses spread across the country to
large, global-size warehouses concentrated in a few hubs.
The proposed new goods and services tax (GST) regime and e-commerce will alter the landscape
in warehousing, supply chain management and third party logistics business. GST
implementation will be a game-changing event for businesses and particularly for organised
logistics players.
The report says logistics requirement for e-commerce will grow as exponentially as e-
commerce.
Indian logistics sector is estimated to have grown at a healthy 15% in the last five years.
However, growth in sub-sectors varies, with the lowest being in basic trucking operations and
highest in supply chain and e-tailing logistics. Some studies estimate the share of India’s logistics
spend in GDP at 13% (versus 7-8% in developed countries), implying overall size of $180-220
bn (direct costs +wastages from inefficiencies). A comparison with other countries shows
inefficiencies are high in the Indian logistics sector.
Infrastructural bottlenecks across modes (rail, road, waterways) have stifled the sector’s growth.
Capacity constraints and inefficiencies can be noted from the high transit time in rail as key train
routes operate at >110% utilisation, thus leading to an average speed of 25 km per hour. The road
sector is fraught with inadequate and low-quality highway availability, thereby limiting the
trucks’ size and impacting economies of operation.
Despite being an economical mode of transport, railways has lost market share in freight
movement to roads in the last few decades due to capacity constraints. Compared to other
countries, India’s rail share in goods transport is 31%, which has come down from 60% in 1980s
and 48% in 1990s.
Another key constraint is administrative delays. Despite being a relatively low-cost country,
logistics cost in India is higher due to administrative delays led by paper work—leading to huge
inventory investments and wastage—and a complex tax structure.
Also, low penetration of new technology in the supply chain process is resulting in damage of
goods. India has the least warehouse capacity with modern facilities, and given the fragmented
industry state (large share with unorganised players), investment in IT infrastructure is almost
absent at required scale.
The purpose of logistics industry is to enable an effective transportation or timely movement of
goods from one place to another. This could be for the purpose of industrial transportation or
even private purposes.

Different mediums of Logistics services in India

There are three mediums of logistics services in India. These can be categorized in the following
way:

 Air freight – this is a modern and the safest mode to ensure a fast delivery of goods. A
chosen one by many because of the swiftness of the system there are many companies that
are now even providing super fats deliveries by airways even on the same day.

 Land transport – this is a means of logistics support that has withstood the test of
time through the extensive network of roads in India. It has been the popularly used
method and used especially in the shipments of heavy articles like machinery and vehicles.
This is also a chosen method in case of household packers and movers.

 Railways – this is also an age old method of shipments and transport. Though most
used in case of domestic services this is very effective in the availability of cost effective
logistics support in India.

 Waterways – an essential part of this industry this is also one of the oldest methods.
Shipments and transportation of goods is done on an international basis through this way.
It is apt in case of shipments of oil, highly sensitive or volatile articles like Uranium.

Key players of the Logistics industry in India

Among the key players of the Indian logistics industry there are certain international names
along with national companies that are not only world leaders in the field but are also part of the
Indian industry for a long time now.

 DHL – a very commonly known name in the Indian logistics industry, DHL has been
part of the industry for a long time now. Established in San Francisco in the 1969 DHL has
grown across 220 countries with over 300,000 employees. It has built a reputation over the
years as a responsible logistics support air, ocean, express freight and overland transport,
contract logistic solutions.

 TNT – this is an international brand that has been a part of the Indian market also.
Established at Netherlands, TNT is a reliable name in the arena of international
transportation and distribution business. Spread across 200 countries it has an estimated
revenue turnover of $ 3,500 billion US dollars.

 AFL – this is one of well known international players in the logistics industry of
India. The main areas of service by the company are in the area of logistics and
warehousing along with Courier Company and custom consultant.

 BLUE DART – this is one of the premier companies in the field of logistics. The
company has a huge network linked with the most advanced communication systems. Blue
Dart handles large and oversized packages and stands for an overnight delivery of such
goods.

 GATI – one of the pioneering companies in the field of logistics. This is one the
companies that have taken several initiatives to implement modernization in the area of
logistics. With a turnover of ` 576 crores this company believes in setting new standards of
customer service.

 DTDC – this company spreads over 3700 locations within India and 240 international
places. The company is a leading name in low cost shipments along with timely delivery.
 ASHOK LEYLAND – this is an established name in the manufacture of trailer trucks
and heavy vehicles in India. It has come up with a new venture in Ashley Transport
Services Ltd. in the area of information exchanges and the business of freight contractors
along with integrated logistics services.

 FIRST FLIGHT – this is an Indian company that has domestic, international and
many other programs of multi tracking technologies.

 AGARWAL PACKERS AND MOVERS – this is a popular name in the field of

logistics companies of India. Services like shifting, transport of cars, and all other forms of
quality packing and transportation this is a name that has over the years become
synonymous with quality and assurance.

Logistics industry in India is an industry that has not achieved its much deserved attention or
recognition. It is an area that is ripe with potential and yet the resources are far from complete
utilizations. There is however a huge demand for logistic services in India especially with the
growth of the Indian economy along with the influx of new companies in sectors that was
otherwise unknown. Estimated at a value of $14 billion US dollars this industry is slated for
another 9% to 10% growth in the years to come.

CRISIL Research's report on the Indian logistics industry provides an overview of the various
modes and infrastructure segments, in addition to an assessment of the supply-chain cost
structure in nine non-bulk segments and third-party logistics (3PL) opportunities in India. The
report will present a segment-by-segment view of the state of the industry in terms of its size,
growth drivers and future outlook, business models, nature of the industry, and Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis for the segment.

Highlights:

 Analyse the various logistics segments (modes, infrastructure and 3PL) in terms of their
current market size, growth drivers, future prospects and SWOT analysis.
  Analyse the logistics chain and the corresponding costs across a sample of industries in
the manufacturing sector.

 Identify (on a best effort basis) the commodity mix across modes and infrastructure
components.

 Analyse the 3PL market in India, its growth prospects, opportunities and threats.

 Analyse key 3PL providers in terms of their strengths and weaknesses, asset base,
services offered, industries served, coverage etc.

The growth prospects of the logistics sector are closely linked to economic growth and foreign
trade. Booming retail trade was expected to provide a fillip to the growth of the logistics
industry. While growth of organized retail trade has slowed down, the sector has not lost steam.

India has a vast territory and hence, implementing a smooth supply chain model poses a
challenge. Consider the case of food products in India. The Indian supply chain for food products
is characterised by extensive wastage and poor handling. The wastage occurs because of multiple
points of manual handling, inadequate packaging and cold storage facilities. The physical
wastage is one component of the inefficiency in the supply chain. There are other problems as
well, in terms of the deterioration in quality and the cost of intermediation in the food chain. To
avoid all this, there is need to have appropriate infrastructure for storage and transportation.

Thus, logistics plays an important role in any economy. As per the CII 2007 report, the US$ 90
bn (2007) industry is expected to reach a size of US$ 125 bn by 2010 on account of expanding
domestic economy. This translates into a growth of nearly 12% per annum.

The logistics segment can be broadly categorized into three segments– transportation,
warehousing and value add services.

In this article, we will briefly touch upon each of these segements and in subsequent articles,
discuss in detail the scope and prospects of the same.
Transportation: By providing transport facilities one earns freight as revenues. Transportation
can take place through surface that is by road and rail, or one can use air or water transport
depending upon urgency and cost feasibility. Transportation accounts for almost 40% of the
logistics cost.

 Road freight industry is highly fragmented with single truck owners accounting for over
75% of trucking companies.

 Rails are operated by Indian Railways, a government undertaking. Till 2007, Container
Corporation was the only player who operated container trains. But in 2007, container
rail freight services were privatized but still Concor, a government undertaking, is the
dominant player.

 Ocean or Sea freight has recently been witnessing robust growth with increase in foreign
trade. Olympics and booming emerging economies like China and India supported
growth of this segment with increase in transportation of iron ore, coking coal, steel etc.

 Air freight segment accounts for a small pie of India's freight market but is growing at a
fast pace. Liberalisation and globalization has given a fillip to the growth of this segment.
Sophisticated machinery components, pharmaceutical dyes, fruits, vegetables, flowers,
fish and meat form part of air cargo.

Warehousing: Warehousing is nothing but storage of product and goods to be transported

whether inbound or outbound. The size of the segment in 2006 was estimated at Rs 1.2 trillion.
warehousing facility needs do change depending upon the mode of transport.. Privatisation of
container rail transport is expected to drive growth of Container Freight Stations (CFS) and
Inland Container Depots (ICD). Such warehouses are used for transshipments. There are
different types of warehouses such as multimodal, port based, air cargo transshipments etc to
cater to the needs of different modes of transport.

Warehousing has also been dominated by small players who lack scale, handling and stacking
technologies. In general, warehousing and packing losses account for little over 25% of total
logistics costs.
Value added services: Apart from transportation and warehousing, logistics industry comprises
of other related services such as packaging, labeling and assembling, express services, tracking
and tracing, cold chain, third party logistics etc. Again, depending upon mode of transport,
service requirements differ. In case of rail transport, service such as stuffing, de-stuffing, rail
container services are required. On the other hand, in case of water and air transport, services
such as custom clearances, freight forwarding are provided.

To conclude…
India fares poorly on the logistics front as compared to developed and developing economies.
The distribution costs not only increase on account of several layers in supply chain but also due
to poor infrastructural facilities. In developed countries like the US, logistics costs comprising
transportation costs account for 7% to 9% of the cost of the final product, warehousing cost
accounts for about 1% to 2% and inventory holding costs account for about 3% to 5%. In
developing countries, logistics costs are estimated to be higher at around 15% to 25% of the final
cost of the product due to lack of adequate logistics system. In India, logistics cost is around
13%, comparatively higher than the developed countries. (Source: Indo-Italian Chamber of
Commerce). To stay competitive, companies need to cater to the consumers' demand on timely
basis without compromising on quality. The growth of this sector is not just driven by the need to
transport goods and services efficiently but also on account of companies increased focus on core
competencies, which has resulted in outsourcing functions like logistics to third parties.

The scope and influence of logistics has evolved in the late 1940s. In the 1950s, and 60s,
military was the only organization which used logistics. The scope of logistics has been
extended beyond the army, as it has been recognized as one of the important tools for
developing competitiveness. Competitive advantage means the company has the ability to
differentiate itself, in the customer’s eyes, and also is operating at a lower cost and greater
profit.

Logistics facilitates in getting products and services as and when they are needed and desired
to the customer. It also helps in economic transactions, serving as a major enabler of growth of
trade and commerce in an economy.
Logistics has come to be recognized as a distinct function with the rise of mass production
systems. Production and distribution were earlier viewed as a sequential chain of extremely
specialized activities. The role of logistics is to ensure availability of all the required materials
before every step in this chain. Obviously inventory of raw materials, semi-finished and
finished goods is a must across this chain to ensure its smooth functioning.

The concept of logistics has its base upon the systems approach. There is a single chain, with
flow of materials starting from the supplier, then to the plant and finally to the end customer,
and also these activities are done sequentially in order to achieve customer satisfaction at low
cost. For this to be successful there has to be co-ordination in the activities of the department.

With reference to an organization, an organization gets a concrete shape due to its structure. In
the earlier times, the suppliers in distribution activities were spread across the entire structure,
thus resulting in an overlapping of activities and finally in unaccountable authority and
responsibility. In today’s process driven organization, where the focus has shifted from
functions to process, logistics has become an essential part of the process.

Definitions of logistics:

The American Council of Logistics Management defines logistics as “the process of planning,
implementing and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-
process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of
consumption for the purpose of conforming to customers’ requirements”.

Philip Kotler defines logistics as “planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flows
of materials and finished goods from point of origin to point of use to meet the customer’s
need at a profit”.

Objectives of logistics:

Logistics has the following objectives:

Reduction of inventory: Inventory is one of the key factors, which can affect the profit of an
enterprise to a great extent. In the traditional system, firms had to carry lot of inventory for
satisfying the customer and to ensure excellent customer service. But, when funds are blocked
in inventory, they cannot be used for other productive purposes. These costs will drain the
enterprise’s profit. Logistics helps in maintaining inventory at the lowest level, and thus
achieving the customer goal. This is done through small, but frequent supplies.

Economy of freight: Freight is a major source of cost in logistics. This can be reduced by
following measures like selecting the proper mode of transport, consolidation of freight, route
planning, long distance shipments etc.

Reliability and consistency in delivery performance: Material required by the customer

must be delivered on time, not ahead of the schedule or behind the schedule. Proper planning
of the transportation modes, with availability of inventory will ensure this.

Minimum damage to products: Sometimes products may be damaged due to improper

packing, frequent handling of consignment, and other reasons. This damage adds to the
logistics cost. The use of proper logistical packaging, mechanized material handling
equipment, etc will reduce this damage.

Quicker and faster response: A firm must have the capability to extend service to the
customer in the shortest time frame. By utilizing the latest technologies in processing
information and communication will improve the decision making, and thus enable the
enterprise to be flexible enough so that the firm can fulfill customer requirements, in the
shortest possible time frame.

The various functions of logistics are as follows:

1. Order Processing: Processing the orders received from the customers is an activity,
which is very important by itself and also consumes a lot of time and paperwork. It
involves steps like checking the order for any deviations in the agreed or negotiated
terms, price, payment and delivery terms, checking if the materials is available in stock,
 producing and scheduling the material for shortages, and also giving acknowledgement to
the owner, by indicating any deviations.

2. Inventory Planning and management: Planning the inventory can help an organization
in maintaining an optimal level of inventory which will also help in satisfying the
customer. Activities like inventory forecasting, engineering the order quantity,
optimization the level of service, proper deployment of inventory etc. are involved in this.

3. Warehousing: This serves as the place where the finished goods are stored before they
are sold to the customers finally. This is a major cost center and improper warehouse
management will create a host of problems.

4. Transportation: Helps in physical movement of the goods to the customers place. This is
done through various modes like rail, road, air, sea etc.

5. Packaging: A critical element in the physical distribution of the product, which also
influences the efficiency of the logistical system.

Logistics delivers value to the customer through three main phases:

a. Inbound logistics: These are the operations, which precede manufacturing. These include
the movement of raw materials, and components for processing from suppliers.
b. Process logistics: These are the operations, which are directly related to processing.
These include activities like storage and movement of raw materials, components within
the manufacturing premises.
c. Outbound logistics: These are the operations, which follow the production process. These
include activities like warehousing, transportation, and inventory management of finished
goods.

Logistics Solution:
 Generally, the in-house logistics departments in manufacturing organizations take care of all
aspects of logistics. But this is not an area of core competency of manufacturing or trading
organizations. Today, a lot of successful business corporations across the world are
outsourcing logistics to the third party logistics providers, who are having the necessary
infrastructure and expertise to do the job in a better manner. Complete logistics solutions to
manufacturers and traders is provided by the third party logistics providers, and they help in
integrating various logistics operations, thus ensuring speedy and uniform movement of
materials across the supply chain.

Logistics is nowadays widely used in virtually every area. The success of a logistics service
providing company depends on how they conceptualize and implement the logistics solution,
and also tune to the requirements of the customer.

Future of Logistics

Nowadays corporations look only for sustainable competitive advantage, not only for
growth, but also to survive. There is so much killing competition that corporations are
compelled to review their business process while they deliver the products and services to
customers, who are looking for more and more value for the money that they are spending.
The focus of competition has shifted from the product to the supply chain.

Today, logistics management is based on the system concept and cost approach.
Transportation, warehousing, handling of material, inventory management and order
processing are the major logistics activities, which impact the customer cost and operation.
Integrated logistics helps in taking the cost out of the supply chain and also enhance the
customer service level.

When looking at the macro level, a growth of a country’s economy depends on the availability
of excellent logistics infrastructure. The speed of the movement of goods depends to a great
extent on the various modes of transportation like rail, road, air, and sea.

Logistics has a bright future, especially in India, but certain pressing issues like abolition of
octroi levy, rationalization of customs formalities, improvement in road and rail infrastructure,
creation of modern warehouse facilities etc, have to be taken care of. The geographical
position of India also is well positioned to emerge as an excellent hub for a variety of products.

COMPANY PROFILE

A comprehensive range of services and smart solutions

From mining and manufacturing to clothes, cars and food, Freighterix Cargo Solutions is all
about delivering the right product, to the right place, at the right time, at the right price.

Our combined services equip us to design, implement, operate and manage smart supply chain
solutions.

By understanding our clients’ businesses inside and out, we deliver integrated and customised
solutions to create a competitive advantage.

Operational excellence provides us with a smart process that drives continuous improvement,
which makes us better at what we do.

Innovation sits at the heart of smart. Thinking outside the box and making better use of resources
is the very essence of smart supply chain solutions.

At Freighterix Cargo Solutions we believe your supply chain is a key enabler of success. It’s why
we’re driven to make your supply chain work harder for your business.

In addition to optimising individual logistics functions, Freighterix Cargo Solutions has led the
way in adopting an integrated approach to supply chain management.

By combining strategy, planning and management with excellent operational execution, we

analyse, design, implement, manage and operate entire supply chains.
As a result, a new breed of optimized supply chains is being developed. Supply chains that are
designed around your business goals. Supply chains that are far more efficient, effective, flexible
and responsive to ever changing market needs.

And the bottom line? We create smart supply chain solutions that level the playing field and give
your business a competitive advantage.

Combining ingenuity, expertise and real life experience.

At Freighterix Cargo Solutions there is nothing ordinary about the way we do business. We’re
committed to creating extraordinary solutions that exceed expectations and deliver exceptional
results.

Our strategy is simple. We link your supply chain to your business strategy. In other words, we
ensure you have the right operations, resources and capabilities to implement your strategy and
realise your vision.

We do this by thinking out of the box, breaking down barriers and pushing boundaries. We
identify hidden problems by knowing what to look for and where to find them. We then
transform the right possibilities into profitable opportunities.

It’s how we’ve helped multinational organisations around the world cut costs, grow revenue and
improve customer service.

CODE OF CONDUCT

Setting standards in global corporate governance.

The world is continually changing, and so is our business. But one thing that will never change is
our commitment to maintaining the highest ethical standards. Our reputation is one of our
greatest assets. Each of us has a responsibility to protect and live up to it – every day.

Here is what our code of ETHICS means to and for all of us:

 Obey the LAW

  Be FAIR

 Be HONEST

 RESPECT others

 Protect the ENVIRONMENT

SERVICES

1. Cargo Management
2. Waste Management and Consultancy
3. Warehouse and Distribution
4. Inventory solutions
5. Supply chain consulting
6. Supply chain management
7. Road transportation
8. Transport Management Services
9. Supply chain software planning
10. Freight forwarding

1. CARGO MANAGEMENT

From start to finish, the industrial and project cargo distribution area is well taken care of
through our dedicated project management team. Here, SAFETY is accorded high priority.

Evolving from the need of customised cargo transportation, it also provides the logistics for
project cargo handling from shipyard or factory to site and vice versa. From steel coils and
beams to heavy-lift cargo, we offer customised solutions that are safe, timely and cost-effective.
2. Waste Management And Consultancy

Accredited with IS014000:2010, our Hi-Tech Waste Management provides waste management
and consultancy for a wide range of industrial and commercial customers including clients.

Realising the crucial need for environment-friendly and cost-effective solutions to waste
management, the company offers an extensive range of services that include witness disposal of
FMCG products, solid waste minimisation consultancy and industrial tank cleaning.

Other areas of primary expertise include the exploration of the 'wormy culture' in waste
management and expanding our services into the transportation of palm oil waste.
3. WAREHOUSE AND DISTRIBUTION

Taking stock of where your business is and moving it into a new direction.

Adopting an integrated strategic approach and looking at your delivery network holistically, our
warehousing and distribution solutions are smart, streamlined and efficient.

When it comes to warehousing we look at whether it will serve your interests to rent, buy or
build. We evaluate the benefits of location, size and design, factoring in where your sources of
supply and delivery destinations lie.

Our aim is to design and manage or operate customised warehouse solutions that deliver bottom-
line benefits by helping you to be more productive, your organisation more efficient, and your
business more agile. We implement collaborative techniques, provide tools for measuring
success, and advanced analysis, which demonstrates our original thinking.

Designed for today but with the future in mind, our solutions are based on a comprehensive
range of bespoke management systems and processes, which include cross-docking, racking,
shelving, pick-and-pack, and track and trace capabilities.

Consistent quality, operational excellence and on-going innovation is how we achieve a

reduction in inefficiencies, enhanced consumer value, improved cash flow and profits for your
business.
4. INVENTORY SOLUTIONS

Reducing risks and maximizing opportunities.

Inventory sits at the heart of any supply chain strategy. Too little or too much has far reaching
implications for your business.

The real opportunity lies in our inventory and supply chain planning solutions that not only
optimize inventory, but link it to your business strategy. This in turn allows us to identify where
we need to align and redesign key elements of your supply chain so that you deliver more value
to your customers at a lower cost.
5. SUPPLY CHAIN CONSULTING

Measured, managed and aligned with your business goals.

Through supply chain consulting, Freighterix Cargo Solutions equips you with the big picture,
identifying what’s working, what isn’t and what can be optimised for operational efficiency.

Regardless of the industry or sector you operate in, our specialised consultants have the
experience, knowledge and insight to provide practical supply chain solutions that are innovative
and results orientated.

Working together with you, we determine objectives, budget, time constraints, resources, risks,
assumptions, and other variables up front. We then measure, analyse and benchmark your
logistics operations or entire supply chain against global best practices.

By identifying where you’ve come from, and where you are, we can help you get to where you
want to be.

Using a variety of world-class tried and tested tools and methodologies, including sophisticated
modelling and scenario planning, our consultants apply their analytical skills to uncover potential
complications and profitable prospects.
6. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

An altogether better supply chain solution

Freighterix Cargo Solutions pioneering approach to supply chain management has made us the
partner of choice for re-engineering some of the most sophisticated supply chains in the world.

Through our holistic approach and original thinking we’re able to create supply chains that are
dynamic, adaptable, responsive and visible. Performance-based supply chains that drive costs
down and profits up.

We understand no business is the same. Which is why our supply chain management solutions
are completely customized? Whether you want to know how a change in manufacturing
processes will impact on your distribution, or you need a redesigned distribution network, our
scenario planning, modelling and analysis tools combined with our expertise and resourcefulness
ensures you get a solution that truly supports your business objectives.
Creating an innovative, customised supply chain solution is just the beginning. We then put a
disciplined practical plan in place to ensure successful implementation and continuous
improvement.
Our account management teams and consultants see themselves as an extension of your business
from design to the on-going management or operation of your supply chain. Commitment and
collaboration form the foundation of every partnership.

7. ROAD TRANSPORT

Driven to deliver sustainable transport solutions.

We have the size, strength and expertise to deliver flexible, optimised and sustainable transport
solutions to new and existing clients.

We deliver transport solutions across a wide range of industries. Our variety of services include
dedicated, linehaul, cross-border, fuel, chemical and gas, timber, project cargo and abnormal
loads, as well as other specialised services.

We have a combined track record of service excellence, innovation, advanced fleet management
capabilities and international standards of safety, governance and risk management. It’s how we
deliver sustainable results that not only reduce risk and costs, but increase service levels,
reliability and supply chain flexibility.

For a smart transport solution geared

8. TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Creating a competitive advantage.

Our dedicated Transport Management Services (TMS) team provides a service that encompasses
far more than transport management. Armed with the experience, expertise, skills and
knowledge, the TMS team begins by understanding your holistic business and supply chain
needs.

This is followed by designing the optimal network configuration, strategic sourcing, planning,
optimising and managing the nationwide distribution of your goods. In addition TMS manages
everything from daily administration to analysing trends, providing business intelligence and
insight, which in turn enables an environment of continuous improvement.

Ultimately TMS is geared to help you reduce costs and risks but also increase integration, service
levels, visibility and supply chain flexibility. The bottom line? TMS is in the business of
developing a competitive advantage for the businesses we work with.

9. FREIGHT FORWARDING

Reliable global capacity guaranteeing you peace of mind.

At Freighterix Cargo Solutions , we’re passionate about delivering your goods in the most cost-
effective and efficient way.

By understanding your needs and wants through intelligent analysis of the best way to move
your goods, we provide a customized solution that fits both your financial and delivery needs.

As the Freight Forwarding partner for many blue chip companies, Freighterix Cargo Solutions
safely transports your cargo around the world, on time, on target and on budget.

Air freight

Fast and efficient.

Our comprehensive range of services in airfreight comprises:

 Consolidation services

 Air charters

 Customs brokerage

 Transshipment services

 Cross port services

 Direct shipments

 Events
Information Technology

Customized and cutting edge.

All of our products and solution offerings are underpinned and enabled by the most sophisticated
information technology available.

 Fully-fledged ERP systems

 Online booking and shipment tracking for clients and agents

 Shipment status updates for customers via EDI/Fax/Email

 A sophisticated integration tool allows handshakes between client’s systems and ours,
ensuring faster response times to customers

 Single communication domain with instant messaging between Barloworld Logistics

offices

Distribution

Whatever you need to move, wherever, we’re equipped to move it.

Our Freight Forwarding and Clearing division offers a full range of rubber on the road options
for your cargo, including:

 Heavy-duty fleet

 Tractor units

 Trailers
 Pick-up units

 Reefer and dry containers

 GPS
CHAPTER – 3
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
Research methodology is the scientific way to solve the research problem. This involves
exploring all possible methods of solving the research problem; examine the alternative methods
one by one and arriving at the best possible method considering the resources at the disposal of
the researcher.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
A research design is the specification of methods and methods and procedures for acquiring
the information needed to structure or to solve problem . It is the overall operational Patten or
frame work of the project that stipulated what information to be selected, form which source,
by what procedures

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
In this research it deals with descriptive research type. It includes surveys and fact-finding
enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state
of affairs as it exists at present.

SAMPLE DESIGN
A sample design is a definite plan determined before any data are actually collected for obtaining
a sample from a given population. Sampling is used to collect data from limited numbers
whereas census is used for large numbers. For the research, sampling method was used.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING:
Probability sampling is based on the concept of random selection; the sample may be either
unrestricted or restricted. When each sample elements is drawn individually from the population
at large, then the sample so drawn is known as µunrestricted sample, Where as all other forms of
sampling are covered under the term restricted sample .
  Systematic random sample

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

A Systematic sample is selected at random sampling. When a complete list of the population is
available, this method is used.

POPULATION SIZE
The overall population size is 350

SAMPLE SIZE:
The total sample size of 150 has been taken for this study. Both male and female employees have
been interviewed.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Primary: Source of Data

Primary data is known as the data collected from the first time through field survey. Such data
are collected with specific set of objectives to assess the current status of any variable studied.

Secondary: Source of Data

The secondary data refers to these data which were gathered for some offer purpose and are
already available in the firm’s records and business magazines, government publications,
company website, competitor website browsers. In the project, the secondary data is collected
through company annual and websites

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:
In this project, the data were collected through structured questionnaire.
QUESTIONNAIRE
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions (or other types of
prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

Types of questions
The following are the types of questions, which are used in research.

a) Open ended question

b) Close ended question

a) Open ended questionnaire: An open-ended question gives the respondents complete freedom to
decide the form length and detail of the form.
b) Close ended questionnaire: The close-ended question is of two types they are as follows:

i) Dichotomous question .This type has only two answers in the form of YES or NO TRUE or
FALSE etc.
ii) Multiple - choice question. In this case the respondents are offered two or more choices and
the respondent have to indicate which is applicable in the following cases.

STATISTICAL TOOLS APPLIED:

 SPSS version 22 statistical tools applied for analysis:
 Percentage analysis
 Mean test
 Correlation analysis

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS:
Percentage refers to a special kind of ratio. Percentage analysis test is done to find out
the percentage of the response of the respondents. In this tool various better understanding of the
analysis.

FORMULA: NUMBER OF RESPONDANTS

*100

TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONDA

CORRELATION
Correlation is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables
fluctuate together. A positive correlation indicates the extent to which those variables increase or
decrease in parallel; a negative correlation indicates the extent to which one variable increases as
the other decreases.

A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the degree to which changes to the value of
one variable predict change to the value of another.

TABLE 1.1

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

AGE GROUP NO.OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
BELOW 25 Years 46 30%
25-35years 64 43%
Above 35years 40 27%
Total 150 100%

CHAR-1.1
 27.00% 30.00%

Below 25 yrs
25-35 yrs
43.00% Above 35 yrs

Interpretation: This table shows about the age wise classification of respondents 30%are in
the age group of below 25 years category ,43% of the respondents are in group of 25-30 years
and 27% of the respondents are in the age group of above 35years.

TABLE- 2.1

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

GENDER NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
MALE 79 52%
FEMALE 71 48%
TOTAL 150 100%

CHART -2.1
 120%

100%

80%
48%

60% Column1
Male

40%

0.52
20%

0%
Male Female

Interpretation: The above table gives Gender wise classification of respondents. Out of 79
respondents 52% are under the male category and out of 71 respondents 48% are under the
female category. In that the male respondents are higher than the female respondents are working
in the organization

TABLE- 3.1

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Educational No of respondents Percentage

Qualification
UG 45 30%
PG 58 39%
OTHERS 47 31%
 TOTAL 150 100%

CHART- 3.1

120%

100%

0.31
80%

others
60%
PG
39% UG
40%

20%
0.3

0%
UG PG Other

Interpretation: This table shows about the Education qualification wise classification of
respondents 30% are in the category of UG, 39% of the respondents are in the category of PG
and 31% of the respondents are in the category of others.

TABLE 4.1

DESIGNATION OF THE EMPLOYEES

DESIGNATION NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
SALES EXECUTIVE 60 40%
TEAM LEADER 40 27%
MANAGER 50 33%
 TOTAL 150 100%

CHART- 4.1
0.4
40%

0.33
35%

30% 27%

25%
Series 1
20% Series 2
Series 3
15%

10%

5%

0%
Sales executive team leader manager

Interpretation: Above the table shows that respondents related to the designation of the
employees 40% employees are in the Sales executive, 27% employees are in the Team leader,
33% employees are in the Manager.

TABLE- 5.1

EXPERIENCE WISE CLASSFICATION

YEARS OF NO OF PERCENTAGE
EXPERIENCE RESPONDENTS

Less than 3yrs 66 44%

 3-5yrs 54 36%
Above 5yrs 30 20%
Total 150 100%

CHART 5.1

50%

45% 0.44

40%
36%
35%

30%
Less than 3 yrs
25%
3-5 yrs
0.2
20% Above 5 yrs

15%

10%

5%

0%
Less than 3 yrs 3-5yrs Above 5yrs

Interpretation: The above table shows about the experience of the respondents 44%
respondents experience is less than 3 years, 36% respondents are in between 3-5 years, 20% of
the respondents is above 5 years.

TABLE- 6.1

DEPARTMENT WISE CLASSFICATION

DEPARTMENT No of respondents Percentage

SALES 50 33%
MARKETING 56 37%
FINANCE 44 30%
TOTAL 150 100%
 CHART- 6.1

30

3000%
2500%
Sales
2000%
Marketing
1500% Finance
37%
1000% Finance

500% 0.33
Marketing
0%
Sales
Sales
Marketing
Finance

Interpretation: The above table shows about the Departments in Appaswamy real estates .
33% are form Sales department, 37%are form Marketing department,30% are form Finance
department.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

TABLE-7.1
FACTORS MEAN STD.DEV RANK
Employee got 4.37 .729 1
appreciation and rewards
if the deserved work
/forgets are accomplished

Management has created 4.13 .857 2

an open and comfortable
work environment

Employee participation 4.09 .810 3

with superior in decision
making.

The working conditions 4.02 .945 4

are good and safe

What is your level of 3.95 .797 5

satisfaction regarding
superior-subordinate
relationship

Interpretation: From the above descriptive statistics test it is inferred that factors influencing job
satisfaction are employee rewards, work environment ,decision making, working conditions
,superior-subordinate employee. Employee rewards have the 1 st rank value 4.37.work
environment have 2nd rank value of 4.13.motivating have 3rd rank value of 4.09.working
conditions have 4th rank 4.02.superior-subordinate have 5th rank of 3.95.
CORRELATION
Pearson’s correlation coefficients between employee’s rewards and job satisfaction among employees

Null hypotheses:
There is no significant positive correlation between employees rewards and job satisfaction among employees.

Alternative hypotheses:
There is a significant positive correlation between employees rewards and job satisfaction employees

Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients between Employees rewards with job satisfaction

among employees.

Variables 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Employee Pearson 1.000
got correlation
appreciation
Sig .000
and rewards
if the
deserved N 150
work /forgets
are
accomplished

Management Pearson .275 1.000

has created correlation
an open and Sig .001 ,000
comfortable
work N 150 150
environment

Employee Pearson -.203 -.055 1.000

participation correlation
with superior Sig .013 .501 .000
in decision
N 150 150 150
making.

The working Pearson -.157 .080 .471 1.000

conditions are correlation
good and safe Sig .055 .333 .000 .000

N 150 150 150 150

What is your Pearson .030 -.040 .235 .001 1.000

level of correlation
satisfaction Sig .714 .627 .004 .988 .000
regarding
superior-
N 150 150 150 150 150
subordinate
relationship

Presents the correlation analysis between employees rewards and job satisfaction among
employees. (N=150). The influential decision factors for job satisfaction among employees are
(Employee regards, Work environment, decisionmaking,Working conditions, Superior-subordinate)
The results indicate that the factors significantly correlated with leadership style at .05 levels of
confidence limit.

It was found out from the results, that there is a significant positive correlation between
the various factors influencing. job satisfaction among employees and employee rewards. It
was found that a balanced job work load scores the highest correlation with employee rewards.
The correlation co-efficient between work environment with factors of job satisfaction were
found to be .471,( sig value is .000). The second factor is job commitment, which has been
significantly, correlated at .275(sig value is .001). And the third factor is job recognition, which
has been significantly correlated at 235(sig value is.004). The result showed that statistically
significant relationship exists between working environment and working conditions as the
important factor to influence employee’s job satisfaction.

As correlation between employee rewards and employee job satisfaction was found to be
significant and positive at .05 levels, hence we partially accept null hypothesis.
 CHAPTER – 4

FINDINGS
1. The study identified 5 factors of job satisfaction they are employee rewards, work environment,
decision making, working conditions, superior subordinate. Highest factors which they mean
score of employee rewards 4.37 and lowest factors mean is superior subordinate 3.95.

2. Male employees are higher than female.

3. Majority of the respondents age groups are above 25-35 years.

4. Majority of the respondents are qualified as PG.

5. There are 3 designation sales executive, marketing, team leader it is found that majority of
respondents work in 40%sales executive.

6. Majority of the respondents are experienced less than 3 years.

7. Majority of the respondents are working under marketing department.

8. There are 3 department sales, marketing, finance it is found that majority of respondents work in
37% marketing department.

9. As correlation between employee rewards and employee job satisfaction was found to be
significant and positive at .05 levels, hence we partially accept null hypothesis.
 SUGGESTIONS
 Social aspect of job includes relationship of worker with the employee specially those employees
at same or nearly same level within the organization.

 Communication includes job satisfaction, which involves spreading the information in any
direction within the organization. Terms such as information of employee’s status, information on
new development, information on company line of authority, suggestion system, should be well
defined.

 Opportunities for advancement in all aspects of job which individuals sees as potential sources of
betterment of economic position, organizational status or professional experience should be
developed.

 Supervision aspects of job satisfaction should be focused maintain relationship of worker with his
immediate superiors supervision; as a factors, generally influences job satisfaction.

 Working conditions hours are included this factor because it is primarily a function of
organization, affecting the individuals comfort and convenience in much the same way as other
physical working conditions.

 Wages and salaries factors includes all aspect of job involving present monitory remuneration for
work done.
 CONCLUSION

Report the findings of recent empirical research into the job satisfaction. Provides data on the
nature and sources of job satisfaction/dissatisfaction and on the assessment of the relative
importance of various intrinsic (content) and extrinsic (context) occupational characteristics.
Analyses the satisfaction criteria against a variety of variables such as age, gender, experience
and career education qualification. Employees are not completely satisfied with their job
although their salary is good enough. Employees are not getting value to their work .Most of
employees think that they are not on their actual path. Most of the employees think that the
organization hasn’t fulfilled their promises, what they do in beginning especially regarding
promotion.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS REFFERED

 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT –RADHA

 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-JAYA SHANKAR

WEBSITES REFFERED

QUESTIONAIRE ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES.

1) AGE: Below 25yrs / 25yrs-35yrs / Above 35yrs

2) GENDER: Male / Female

3) EDUCATION QUALIFICATION: UG/ PG / Others

4) DESIGNATION:

5) EXPERIENCE: Less than 3yrs /3-5yrs/Above 5yrs

6) DEPARTMENT:

PARTICULARS HIGHLY SATISFIED EITHER DISSATIFIED HIGHLY

SATISFIED SATISFIED DISSATISFIED
OR
DISSATIFIED
1)WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
a) Management has created an
open and comfortable work
environment.
b)Employee participation with
superior in decision making.
2)JOB SAFETY/SALARY
a) Are you satisfied with your
pay package?
b) The working conditions are
good and safe.
3)WORK RELATIONSHIP
a)What is your level of
satisfaction regarding
superior- subordinate
relationship
b)Relationship with co
workers
4)CAREER GROWTH
a)Company has good career
prospect for its employees
5)WELFARE FACILITES
a)Welfare facilities provide to
the employees by the
organization
6)RECOGNISED AND
REWARDS
a)Employees got appreciation
and rewards if the deserved
work/forgets are accomplished
7)PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION
a)Is the remuneration
matching your performance