l d

or
W
OBJECTIVE:

This subject deals with state space, describing function, phase plane and stability analysis including
controllability and observability .it also deals with modern control and optimal control systems.

GROUP-I (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

TU
BLOOMS COURSE
S.No QUESTION TAXONOM OUTCOME
Y LEVEL

UNIT-I
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
JN

1 What are the advantages of state space analysis? Evaluate 1

2 What are draw backs of transfer function model analysis Analyze 1
3 What is state and state variable? Remember 1
4 What is state vector? Understand 1
5 What state model of nth order system? Understand 1
.
6 What is state space? Understand 1
7 What is i/p and o/p space? Understand 1
8 What are the advantages of state space model using physical variable?. Remember 2
ll

9 What are the properties of state transition matrix? Understand 1

10 Write resolving matrix? Understand 1
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
A

1 Explain the state variable and state transition matrix? Understand 1

2 What is state? Write about concept of state variables? Understand 1

3 What is state? Write about concept of state variables? Understand 1
4 Write shot notes on formulation of state equations? Analyse 1
5 Discuss about state transition matrix? Understand 1
6 Derive the expression for the calculation of the transfer function from the Understand 1
state variables for the analysis of system?
 7 Write short notes on canonical form of representation .list its advantages Understand 2
8 derive the controllable canonical form for the following transfer function
and disadvantages? 2
9 derive the observable canonical form for the following transfer function 2
10 obtain
= the Jordan canonical form of state space representation for the Evaluate
following
= transfer function ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS Understand
1 linear time invariant system is described by the following Understand
Understand 2
1
statemodel.obtain
= the canonical form of the state model.

d
= + u and y=
2 convert the following system matrix to canonical form Evaluate 2

l
or
A=

3 a linear time invariant system is described by the following state 2

model.obtain the canonical form of state model Evaluate

W
= + u and y=

4 convert the following system matrix to canonical form and hence Analyse 2

calculate the STM A=

TU
5 consider the transfer function system = .obtain the state space Evaluate 2
representation of the system in
(a) controllable canonical form
(b) observable canonical form

6 for the state equation =Ax Evaluate 1

Where A= .find the intial condition vector x(0) which

JN

will excite only the mode corresponding to eigen value with the most
negative real part.
7 a system variables for the state variable representation of the system are, Evaluate
1
A= ,B=

Determine the complete state response and the output response of the
ll

8 obtain
systemthe
fortime response
the intial stateof the following systems,
X(0)= Evaluate 1
[x]+ u and Y=
Where u(t) is unit step input and the intial condition
A

(0)=0, (0)=0,
 9 find the state response of the system shown in figure Understand
1
= + u, =

10 consider the differential equation system given by Understand 1

y(0)=0.1,y(0)=0.05.

d
Obtain the response y(t),subjected to the given intial condition

UNIT-II

l
CONTROLANBILITY AND OBSERVABILITY

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

or
1 Define controllability? Remember 3
2 State condition for controllability by Kalman’s method? Analyze 3
3 State condition for controllability by Kalman’s method? Analyze 3
4 Define observability? Analyze 4
5 State condition for by observabilityKaman’s method? Evaluate 4

W
6 What is the advantage and disadvantage in Kaman’s test for Understand 4
7 observability?
State the duality between controllability and observability? Remember 4
8 How the modal matrix can be determined? Remember 3,4
9 What are Eigen values? Evaluate 3,4
10 What is need for observability test? Remember 4
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 state and explain controllability and observability? Understand 3,4
TU
Write the necessary and sufficient conditions for complete state Understand 3,4
3 Derive the condition
controllability for complete state controllability?
and observability? Understand 3
2
4 Derive the condition for complete state controllable output? Analyse 3
5 Derive the condition for complete state observability? Understand 4
6 State the basic theorem for determining the concept of controllability of 3
7 State and explain
time varying the principle
system utilizing of duality?
state transition matrix. Explain the same Understand 3,4
8 Derive the controllable canonical form for the following transfer function
with proof? Understand 3
JN

= Evaluate
9 Derive the observable canonical form for the following transfer function Understand 4

10 = the jordan canonical form for the following transfer function

Derive Understand 3,4

ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 .Evaluate the controllabillity of the sytem with the matrix
= Evaluate 3
ll

A= ,B=

2 investigate the controllability and observability of the system Understand 3,4

A

A= ,B=

C=
 3 consider the system described by the state equation Remember 3
X(t)= x(t)+
Verify controllability.

4 determine the state controllability and observability of the following Apply 3.4
system
= + u

d
C=[0 1]
5 examine the observability of the system given below using canonical Remember 2,3
form

l
= + u

or
Y=[3 4 1]

6 A feedback system has a closed loop transfer function = Create 1

W
.construct three different state models for this system and give block
diagram representation for each state model.

7 determine the state controllability and observability for the systems Apply 3,4
represented by following
State equation :
8 State whether the system is controllable at t=0 or not. if yes ,find the Evaluate 3
= + u
minimum energy control to drive it from x(0)= to
TU
y=[0 1]

UNIT-III
DESCRIBING FUNCTION ANALYSIS
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 What are linear systems and nonlinear systems? Give examples? Understand 5
2 How the nonlinearities are classified? Give examples? Understand 5
JN

3 What is the purpose of introducing nonlinearities into the system? Understand 5

4 Write any two properties of non linear systems? Analyze 5
5 .Write short notes on sub harmonicoscillations? Understand 5
6 What are limit cycles? Understand 5
7 Difference between sub harmonic &self excited oscillations? Understand 5
8 .What is frequency entertainment? Understand 5
9 .What is asynchronous quenching? Analyze 5
10 .What is Saturation? Give examples? Remember 5
ll

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 Discuss the characteristics of non-linear system. Analyze 5
2 List out the types of non-linearities are to be found in practical control 5
3 Discuss about describing
system. Explain in detail function. Give its limitations Understand 5
A

4 Derive the describing function of saturation non-linearity. Analyse 5

5 Derive the describing function of dead zone of non-linearity Understand 5
Understand
6 Derive the describing function of relay with dead zone. Understand 5
7 Derive the describing function of on-off non-linearity. Understand 5
8 Derive the describing function of an on-off non-linearity with hysteresis. Understand 5
9 Derive the describing function of dead zone and saturation of non- Understand 5
linearity.
 10 Explain about the stability analysis with describing function. Understand 5
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 find the curve with minimum arc length between the point x(0)=1 and the Understand 5
line t1=4.
2 find the curve with minimum arc length between the point x(0)=0 and the Evaluate 5
curve -10t+24
UNIT-1V

d
PHASE-PLANE ANAYLSIS
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 What is phase plane? Understand 6

l
2 What is phase trajectory? Understand 6
3 What is singular point? Analyze 6

or
4 .
How the singular points are classified? Understand 6
5 Draw the phase portrait of a stable node? Analyze 6
6 What are the differences in stability analysis of linear and nonlinear Evaluate 6
7 Define
systems?stability of nonlinear system at origin? Remember 6
8 What is stable in the large? Analyze 6
9 How limit cycles are determined from phase portrait? Evaluate 6

W
10 What are the methods available for constructing phase trajectories’? Remember 6
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 Describe the isoclines method of drawing phase plane trajectory. Analyze 6
2 Discuss about Phase Plane Understand 6
3 Describe the isoclines method of drawing Phase plane trajectory. Understand 6
4 What are Singular points? Explain the classification of singular points
5 Explain
based onabout the control
the location system
of Eigen with
values linear
of the gain and show the input
system.
TU
6 Describe limit cycles in phase portrait
output characteristics Analyse
Understand 6
6
7 Describe the delta method of drawing Phase plane trajectory. Evaluate
Understand 6
6
8 Describe analytic method of drawing Phase plane trajectory and also Understand 6
9 Discuss Phase Trajectory?
write procedure for phase plane trajectory. Understand 6
10 Discuss phase portrait? Understand 6
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 draw the phaseplane trajectory for the following equation using isocline Evaluate 6
JN

method
2 +2
determine + kind
the x=0.given that for the
of singularity , differential
find the point (6,0)
equation Evaluate 6
+3 +2y=0
3 find out the singular point for the following syste m Evaluate 6
+3 -10=0
4 a linear second order servo is described by the equation +2 Analyse 6
+ x=0.where , rad/sec,x(0)=1.5, =0.determine the
singular point.
ll

5 find the trajectories in the (t,x) plane which wil extremize Evaluate 6
J(X)= + )dt
In each of the following cases
6 a(a)tsimple servo is described by the following equations reaction
1=1,x(o)=1,x(1)=5
Evaluate 6
A

torque= +0.5 is free

(b)t1=1,x(o)=1,x(1)
Drive torque=2 sign(e+0.5 )
7 ae=second
- order servo containing a relay with dead-zone and hysteresis is Evaluate 6
e(0)=2 in
shown andfigure
(0)=0
2.construct the phase trajectory of the system with intial
construt thee(0)=0.65
conditions phase trajectory using delta method.
and (0)=0
 UNIT-V
STABILITY ANALYSIS
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 Define free system? Evaluate 7
2 Define forced system?. Understand 7
3 Explain Liapunov’s stability theorem? Remember 7
4 Explain sufficient conditions for stability? Apply 7

d
5 Define asymptotic stability? Remember 7
6 Define Liapunov’s function? Create 7
7 Define Liapunov’s instability theorem? Apply 7

l
8 Write state equation of linear autonomous system? Evaluate 7
9 List different methods for constructing liapunov’s functions for non- Remember 7

or
10 linear is
What krasovskii’s method?
systems? remember 7
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 Explain the stability in the sense of liapunov. Analyze 7
2 Explain Liapunov stability theorem? And explain sufficient conditions Evaluate
3 Define term .Asymptotic stability
for stability Evaluate 7
4 Explain Liapunov instability theorem Analyse 7
7

W
5 Discuss the advantages and limitations of Liapunov stability Understand 7
6 Explain the direct method of Liapunov for the linear continuous time Understand
7 Explain
autonomous briefly the construction of Liapunov function using variable
system Understand
8 Explain briefly the construction ofLiapunov’s function using
gradient method Understand 7
9 Krasovskii’s
Discuss aboutmethod.
stability? Understand 7
7
10 Discuss about Asymptotic stability in the large. Understand 7
7
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
TU
1 Consider a non linear system described by equations Evaluate 7

2 Check the stability of the system described by Evaluate 7

Investigate the stability of the equilibrium state.

3 Evaluate 7
.Consider the second order system described by =
JN

Clearly the equilibrium state is the origin. Determine the stability of this
state.
4 Consider a nonlinear system described by the equation Evaluate 7
, . Find the lyapunov function.

5 For the system . Find a suitable lyapunov function V(x). Evaluate 7

ll

6 Determine the stability of the system described by where A = Evaluate 7

A

7 For the system . Find a suitable lyapunov function V(x). Evaluate 7

8 Find the lyapunov function for the following system Evaluate 7

=
 9 Find the lyapunov function for the following system Evaluate 7
=

10 Check the stability of the system described by Evaluate 7

Use variable gradient method

d
UNIT-VI
MODAL CONTROL

l
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

or
1 What is pole placement by state feedback? Understand 8
2 What are necessary conditions to be satisfied for design using state Understand 8
3 What are the advantages of control system in space?
feedback? Creating 8
4 Draw the block diagram o f a systemwith state feedback? Apply 8
5 What is control law? Analyse 8
6 What is state observer? Apply 9

W
What is full-order state observer? Creating 9
8 What is reduced-order state observer? Analyse 9
7
9 What is minimum -order state observer? Apply 9
10 What is necessary condition for design of state observer? Apply 8
. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 State and prove the effect of state feedback on controllability of closed Analyze 8
TU
2 loop systems.
Explain the effect of state feedback on the observability Understand 8

3 State and prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for the design of Understand
4 state feedback
Explain control
the design of through the polecontrol
state feedback placement.
through pole placement in Analyse 8,9
5 detail. with the help of block diagram full order observer
Explain Evaluate 8,9
9

6 Evaluate 8,9
Consider the system defined by = U .show that
JN

this system cannot be stabilized by state feedback control U = -Kx.

Whatever matrix is chosen.

7 Consider a single input/ single output system = U, Evaluate 8,9

Y=
Determine the observability of the system under state feedback.

8 Consider the system where A Evaluate 8,9

ll

= B= . It is desired to place the poles at S = -2+j4,

S = -2-j4, S = -10. Determine the state feedback matrix

A

9 Explain reduced order observer. Derive the equation. Understand 9

10 Derive the error dynamics of the full order observer Understand 9

ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
 1 Consider a single input/ single output system = U, analyse 8

Y=
Determine the observability of the system under state feedback.

2 Evaluate 8,9
Consider the system defined by = U. show that
this system cannot be stabilized by state feedback control U = -Kx.

d
Whatever matrix is choosen

3 Consider the system where A Evaluate 8

l
= B= . It is desired to place the poles at S = -2+j4,

or
S = -2-j4, S = -10. Determine the state feedback matrix.

4 Evaluate 8,9
Consider the system defined by = = U. show
that this system cannot be stabilized by state feedback control U = -Kx.

W
5 Consider the system where A = Evaluate 8,9

B= . It is desired to place the poles at S = -2+j4, S

= -2-j4, S = -10. Determine the state feedback gain.

6 Consider the system where A Evaluate 8,9

TU
= B= C= . The closed loop poles at

S = -2+j2 ,S = -2-j2 , S = -6.

7 Consider the system , Y = CX , A = ;C= . Evaluate 9

Design a full order state observer matrix are =-5, = -5.

JN

8 Consider the system X =AX, Y = CX, A = ;C= . Evaluate 9

Design a full order state observer matrix are μ_1 =-5, μ_2 = -5.

UNIT-VII
CALCULUS OF VADRIATIONS
ll

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 State the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations? Apply 10
A

2 Explain control variable inequality constraints? Evaluate 10

3 Discuss constrained minimization? Creating 10
4 Discuss constrained minimum principle? Apply 10
5 Write the traversality condition of the calculus of variation? Analyse 10
6 What is proper field of external of the function? Apply 10
7 What is central field of externals of the function? Analyse 10
8 Explain state variable inequality constraints? Analyse 10
 9 Explain about equality constraints Evaluate 10
10 Explain about in equality constraints Apply 10
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 State and prove the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations. Analyze 10
2 Explain the Euler-Lagrange equation Understand 10
3 Derive the necessary conditions for an extremal of the function
4 Derive
f(x)= the traversality
x(t),ẋ(t),t)dt.condition of the
Where both calculus
terminal of tthe
time variation..
1 and x(t1) free.
Analyse 10

d
5 Discuss the constrained minimization principle Understand
Understand 10
10
6 Explain the control variable inequality constraints Understand 10
7 Explain state variable inequality constraints. Understand 10
8 Explain the control variable equality constraints Understand 10

l
9 Discuss the constrained minimization principle Understand 10

or
10 Discuss importance constraints Understand 10
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 Derive the necessary conditions for an extremal of the function Analyse 10
J(x) = where both terminal time &X( ) are
free.
2 . necessary conditions for an extremal of the function
Derive the Evaluate 10

W
J(x) = where both terminal time specifed
&X( ) are free.
3 Find the extremal for the function V = with Evaluate 10
boundary conditions X(0) = 0 & X(1) =1
4 Find the extremal for the function J(x) = with Evaluate 10
boundary conditions (0) = 0 & (π/4) =1, (0) = 0, (π/4) =-1
TU
5 Find the extremal for the function V = , with the Evaluate 10
boundary conditions X(0) = 0 & X(π/2) =1.

6 Find the curve with minimum arc length between the point X(0) =1 and Evaluate 10
the line = 4.
JN

7 Given , X(0) = , X(2) = . Find the U* that minimize Evaluate 10

J=

UNIT-VIII
OPTIMAL CONTROL
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 Define continuous time systems? Analyze 10
ll

2 Define discontinuous time systems? Understand 10

3 Discuss the concept of formulation of the optimal control problem? Understand 10

A

4 Discuss minimum time problem? Analyse 10

5 Discuss minimum energy control? Understand 10

6 Discuss minimum fuel problem? Understand 10

7 Discuss output regulator problem? Understand 10

 8 Discuss tracking problem? Evaluate 10

9 Discuss continuous time state regulator problem? Understand 10

10 Discuss parameter optimization for regulators? Understand 10

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 Explain the concept of formulation of the optimal control problem. Understand 10

d
2 Explain about minimum time problem. Evaluate 10

3 Explain about minimum energy control. Evaluate 10

l
4 Explain about minimum fuel problem? Analyse 10

or
5 Explain about state regulator problem? Understand 10

6 Explain about tracking problem? Understand 10

7 Explain about continuous time regulator problem? Understand 10

W
8 Explain about discrete time regulator problem? Understand 10

9 Explain about continuous time regulator problem? Understand 10

10 Explain about continuous time state regulator problem? Understand 10

TU
JN
ll
A