http://primes.utm.edu/curios/page.php/19.

html

# 19 is the 8th prime number.

# 19 is the only known prime of the form n^n - 8. The next prime in this form (if
it exists) will have more than 34000 digits. [Firoozbakht]

# 19 is explicitly mentioned in Quran 74:30 (Over it are nineteen) as a key number

for the Quran's code. [Rashad, 1974]

# 19 is the smallest prime mentioned a prime number of times in the KJV Bible.
[Opao]

# The largest number n for which the sum of digits is not smaller than n/2.
[Capelle]

# 19 1's is prime (1111111111111111111 a repunit prime).

# 1111 * 111^11 + 111111111 + 1 = 35016023542301708082592033 is
prime. [Fougeron]
# 1111 * 111^11 + 111111111 + 11111111111111111111 = 35016024653412819193703143 is
prime. [Fougeron]

# The smallest prime that is equal to the product of its digits plus the sum of its
digits: 19 = (1 * 9) + (1 + 9). [Losnak]

# 19 is the smallest prime p such that 10*p + 1, 3, 7, 9 are all primes. [Das]

# 19 is the only known prime of the form p*prime(p)^p + 1, where p is prime.

[Firoozbakht]

# The recurring decimal cycles for 1/19 to (19 - 1)/19 form a true magic square.

# Pascal deduced 19 theorems related to his famous triangle.

# The first prime repfigit number: 1, 9, 10, 19. [Beedassy]

# 2^1 + 3^2 + 5^3 + 7^4 + 11^5 + 13^6 + 17^7 + 19^8 = 17398892111 = prime.

# The largest value of n less than a thousand, such that 2^n+3^n+5^n+7^n is prime.
[Opao]
2^19 + 3^19 + 5^19 + 7^19 = 11417969834487023 is prime.

# 19 is the only prime p less than 30 that does not divide 30, where p + 30 is
composite. [Axoy]

# 19 is the smallest prime whose reversal (91) is composite. [Gupta]

# 19 is the largest known prime for reversal(p! - 1) and reversal(p! + 1) are

primes. [Firoozbakht]

# The only two-digit prime n such that n!/reversal(n)+1 and n!/reversal(n)-1 are
both prime. [Patterson]

# 19 is the smallest invertible prime.

# 19 * 91 = 1729, the smallest number representable in two ways as a sum of two

cubes (1^3+12^3 or 9^3+10^3 where 10+9 = 19).

# 19 = 8 + 2 + 8 + 1, and 91*91 = 8281.

# 19 = 4! - 3! + 2! - 1!.

# 19^5 + 19^2 + 19^1 + 19^3 + 19^5 + 19^6 + 19^4 + 19^0 = 52135640. [De Geest]

# The sum of the first 19 terms of 19^n (n = 0 .. 18) is prime.

19^0
+ 19^1
+ 19^2
+ 19^3
+ 19^4
+ 19^5
+ 19^6
+ 19^7
+ 19^8
+ 19^9
+ 19^10
+ 19^11
+ 19^12
+ 19^13
+ 19^14
+ 19^15
+ 19^16
+ 19^17
+ 19^18
= 109912203092239643840221 is prime. [Caldwell]

# 6n+1 or 6n-1 is prime for n = 1 .. 19. [Crespi de Valldaura]

n 6n-1 6n+1
--------------------
1 5 7
2 11 13
3 17 19
4 23 25
5 29 31
6 35 37
7 41 43
8 47 49
9 53 55
10 59 61
11 65 67
12 71 73
13 77 79
14 83 85
15 89 91
16 95 97
17 101 103
18 107 109
19 113 115

# The smallest number of neutrons for which there is no stable isotope. [Hartley]

# 19 is the only known number for which both (10^n-1)/9 and (10^n+1)/11 are primes.

# 19 + 18 + ... + 1 + 0 = 190. [Brand]

# 10 + 9 = 10^2 - 9^2 = 19. [Gardner]

# 19 is the only prime where phi(19) - pi(19) = 1 + 9. [Firoozbakht]

# If pi were 60/19 = 3.15789..., then a circle of a circumference = 360 would have

a diameter = 114. [Moody]

# The Metonic cycle, which involves the phase cycle of the Moon, is a period of
about 19 Julian years. [Gevisier]

# 19 = 10011 in base 2 where 10011 is a triangular number.

# 19 is the largest prime that can be expressed pandigitally in some base b > 1 (19
= 201 in base 3). [Keith]

# The smallest prime p such that p^p is pandigital (19^19 =

1978419655660313589123979). [Patterson]

# Pandigital palindromic primes start as 19-digit numbers. [Beedassy]

# The smallest multidigit number (coincidentally prime) that does not form a
palindrome when added to its reversal. [Capelle]

# (19^19 - 2^19)/(19 - 2) = 116377626803547858152923 is prime with digit sum of

109. [Luhn]

# Every positive integer can be expressed as a sum of at most 19 quartics (fourth

powers). [Waring in 1770]

# 19 is the smallest prime which is the sum of three discrete primes (3 + 5 + 11).
[Mander]

# The smallest prime that yields another if its sum of digits is sandwiched between
its digits, 1109 = AP100. [Silva]

# 19 is the sum of all single-digit semiprimes is 19 (4+6+9) and 4^3 + 6^3 + 9^3 =
1009 [Silva]

# 19 is the smallest prime which is the sum of three discrete composites (4 + 6 +

9). [Post]

# 19, 109, 1009, 10009. No other digit can replace the 9 and yield four primes.
Inserting zeros between the digits of 19 yields primes for 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 17, 21,
44, 48, 55, 68, 100 zeros.

Zeros Number
0 19 = Prime
1 109 = Prime
2 1009 = Prime
3 10009 = Prime
4 100009 = 7 * 7 * 13 * 157
5 1000009 = 293 * 3413
6 10000009 = 23 * 434783
7 100000009 = 149 * 671141
8 1000000009 = Prime
9 10000000009 = 295081 * 33889
10 100000000009 = 7 * 13 * 53 * 1979 * 10477
11 1000000000009 = 29 * 519217 * 66413
12 10000000000009 = 47 * 69761 * 3049927
13 100000000000009 = 17 * 541 * 1249 * 8705453
14 1000000000000009 = 179 * 367 * 322459 * 47207
 15 10000000000000009 = 197 * 11717 * 4332288241
16 100000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 13 * 84530853761623
17 1000000000000000009 = Prime
18 10000000000000000009 = 19 * 318007 * 1655044667173
19 100000000000000000009 = 557 * 72937 * 2461483384901
20 1000000000000000000009 = 89 * 103 * 727 * 12343 * 11971 * 1015517
21 10000000000000000000009 = Prime
22 100000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 197419 * 5566339100598721
23 1000000000000000000000009 = 53 * 193 * 5189 * 189169 * 82633 * 1205257
24 10000000000000000000000009 = 173 * 3739 * 45879817771 * 336958757
25 100000000000000000000000009 = 317 * 315457413249211356466877
26 1000000000000000000000000009 = 115901179 * 8628039927014029771
27 10000000000000000000000000009 = 461 * 7873 * 339341 * 11725297 *
692466289
28 100000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 23 * 6526241 * 12047047 *
607696954219
29 1000000000000000000000000000009 = 17 * 1021 *
57613642910641239845595437
30 10000000000000000000000000000009 = 18821053 * 531319900113984058171453
31 100000000000000000000000000000009 = 343997 *
290700209594851117887655997
32 1000000000000000000000000000000009 = 5059 *
197667523225933979047242538051
33 10000000000000000000000000000000009 = 2532184185301 *
3949159803638574142309
34 100000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 59 * 95320451 *
60440407 * 3232906373039773
35 1000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 26113 * 20499713702449 *
1868079847957684057
36 10000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 19 * 53 * 569 * 1049 * 20939 *
794560256286499428881893
37 100000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 6361 * 3685603013 *
4265461733431061133622013
38 1000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 167 * 3916011157 *
1529113098003313064420243411
39 10000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 29 * 773 * 13441 *
33188752396862657943073901823097
40 100000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 1613 *
681277804650402294543646062554928023
41 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 3593 *
278318953520734762037294739771778458113
42 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 735173 * 473411 *
28732413402023228574786262684903
43 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 269 *
371747211895910780669144981412639405204461
44 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = Prime
45 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 17 * 181 * 257 * 709
* 2633 * 2896560828828149401 * 2338619856704273
46 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 7 * 13 * 1103 *
142326265885390351133130565846535280546419
47 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 10612446529 *
94228978894485791948153711163918930121
48 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = Prime
49 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 53 * 33929941 *
55608480216048376837592585818758851608433
50 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 23 * 619693 *
303801949081035085406416357 * 230943114146407583
51 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
81968571913187607828701 * 20631405476568442002077
 52 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 47807
* 3442651 * 2285813 * 2921012527832482457719550700906739
53 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 61 * 6653 *
13434257 * 12246653 * 14976887817099219115020717738287813
54 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 19 * 103 *
2287 * 57378619 * 21152204856641 * 1840929997355121048523759169
55 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = Prime
56 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 131 * 1289
* 5922100687555889825238808710225691257202754961239851
57 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 25097 *
47590931612383967990516956743829 * 8372477381430169647293
58 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 *
47 * 1643821345757 * 14223488766011279006967726932458258348679881
59 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 11069 *
4001286937 * 22578335198067455967303388696235369076794326853
60 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 955957
* 10479967 * 1855321962677 * 210618853 * 2554378194844101943086789731
61 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 17 *
17 * 307114501 * 1098306748096133 * 1025836582202891580862702687580283857
62 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 53 *
65820173 * 10565641 * 2680783726879615088507849 * 10120628473822529606729
63 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
2394464068423655294429688325345192385123940581 * 4176299879322594389
64 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7
* 13 * 89 * 2213 * 201005975457887 * 27757363889344740398229258493813991073178361
65 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
57407806765213342611682109701646617646731253 * 17419233660846923581253
66 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
5011 * 463649614213 * 4304133115991266629019326086727836260747880412467863
67 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
29 * 173 * 389 * 661541 * 2279972641 * 11099726593 *
3060607338067788197518753559037036121
68 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= Prime
69 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 233 * 176144029 * 243655462971284241469045332244275022188090622768643397118037
70
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7
* 13 * 461441 * 27719514687381131 * 85912588722435682498206622800410226588499783969

71
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
701 * 6101 * 61518724620516367649694130673826375241 * 3800787890757331900322802049
72
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
19 * 23 * 401 * 2437 * 2837 * 2166491050879227877624043335402337641228499 *
158925967 * 23972181841
73
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
2273 * 640009 * 472663577 *
145432793359920088930815323300385163632551746780688951881
74
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 1609 * 2556688350289903 *
243089479289013139347321759970782706988667219525834194767
75
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 53 * 1153 * 1777 * 12723121 * 1714838614622699894508818821677867646452433 *
4220758303106880341
 76

100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7
* 13 * 423649 * 5066409637 * 412633029993841 *
1240760993901508574765288918144554098878748703
77

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
17 * 58823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647058823529411764705882352941177
78

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
1270102423 * 131718413419 *
59774336563903912554239754249518683175186086279598174510557
79

100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
1973 * 2281 *
22220182903213549512011453171075632391960471183422499223960112105266783293
80

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 214783 * 360592747443720357197 *
12911690531799134903783969795640220563008987528582098259
81

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 30737537 *
325335110617353628561715924083312205529024658026438487898363489566519269257
82

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
9 = 7 * 13 * 157 * 46401991739 *
150842017645808483066517564593203383570668339882644301389279451476613
83

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
09 = 2333 * 7349 * 2961821 * 25134430501753 *
783482240132149073340529248667794897329260655693803146629
84

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
009 = 35190735374357 * 1764003334671730447 * 9446525378537874397788757 *
17052975191451395662532260703
85

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0009 = 991009 *
100907257149026900865683359081501782526697537560203792296538174728988334112001001
86

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00009 = 885023 * 4038451 * 26487664123300753522810233575025275124639262605773 *
10562992324013728075633921
87

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000009 = 1129 * 32959467383168682673 *
268736015137218369400770545632781711948956989707295382666045979377
 88

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000009 = 7 * 7 * 7 * 13 * 53 * 103 * 263 * 997 * 9302577834136361 *
1684206015194423425017762911431830297136994720047296251534459
89

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000009 = 28511929 * 131316266047656409 * 3533942033 *
75578009974633661101991422665652594983985823897845085993
90

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000009 = 19 * 3539 * 126019 * 1578617878327594094681 *
2604816950997502703664642212970983 * 286995826295291604199606277
91

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000009 = 109394957929 *
914118912728157387324004224216661794590048541504933403300454410653297779559311521
92

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000009 = 59 * 5521 * 329489 *
9317283733226224339052814158486698205002315167466865180122549843667010154539908779
93

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000009 = 17 * 1356023985893 *
433794166059878998771586968545898337809602947994030358346094104711401173265001989
94

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 13 * 23 * 4289 * 36011 * 585841 * 11818511152796883077 *
3436795252114506974429240541679575708013597573799487748567
95

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000009 = 29 * 29 * 8377 * 4078835209 * 1375068724044461 *
25307830965290039841835261517000007368472719662087010716146035813
96

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000009 = 1008247 * 6704472149415743 *
1292424446445023967463835886447912618628376891 * 1144625208537401088326808948019
97

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000009 = 1433 * 273010845316449497 *
136048448238289667796249806445965191989522715425077037642317 * 28710112637 *
65440321
98

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000009 = 3079409181853103653 *
324737617167922950518581770926420981805685233555106229023735803175419695095128853
99

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000009 = 3221 * 426362206609 *
72816629721289399809217825292529170113189522101509920834398652794394122691532826377
81
100

10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000009 = Propable Prime with warning ...

# The smallest number (coincidentally prime) with an additive persistence of 2.

[Gupta]

# The only prime that is equal to the difference of two prime cubes. [Gupta]

# The decimal expansion of 19^19 begins with the digits 19. This is not true for
p^p, where p is any other prime less than 19,000,000,019. [Caldwell]

# (2^19-1)/(2-1) and (2^19+1)/(2+1) are both primes. [Dobb]

# Earth's mass (5.9736*10^24) and volume (1.083*10^12) are both multiples of 19.
59736 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 19 * 131
1083 = 3 * 19 * 19

# If p, q, r, s are consecutive prime numbers such that p > q > r > s > 19, then
floor((p * q)/(r * s)) = 1. [Capelle]

# For p >= 19, p = 2q + 3r, where q and r are odd primes. [Capelle]

# 19 is the smallest prime of the form 3p + 2q, where p and q are twin primes.
[Teofilatto]
19 = 3*3 + 2*5

# 19 is the |1 - 9|th prime number. [Caldwell]

# 19 is the smallest two-digit number such that 19^19+19-1 is prime. [Opao]

# The sum of 19 consecutive Fibonacci numbers starting from the 19th Fibonacci
number is prime. [Opao]

# There are exactly 19 primes beginning with the digit 2 among primes smaller than
one thousand. [Capelle]

# 19^2 = 361 and 3*6+1 = 19. [Madras]

# The first prime p such that p^2 is the reversal of a prime (19^2 = 361, reversal
163 is prime). [Silva]

# 19 is the largest prime factor of (2n)^2 = 1444, the smallest perfect square to
end in the maximum of three 4's ((2*19)^2 = 1444).
Note that 4 is the only non-zero digit that can repeat at the end of a perfect
square, and the most consecutive 4's that can appear in such a place is three.
[Litman]
Quran 1:1 "Bism Allah ArRahmaan ArRaheem" = 4 words with 19 letters.

# 19 is the smallest super-2 number (curiously prime), 2*(19^2) = 722.

An integer n such that 2(n^2) contains 2 consecutive 2s in its decimal
representation. [De Geest]

# Consider a square made of four rigid rods, hinged at the ends.

How many rods of the same type must be added to make the square rigid in the
plane?
The answer is 19, which makes a total of 23 rods (also prime). [McCranie]
??? I don't understand this ??? Please send clarification to heliwave@yahoo.com

# An unistable polyhedron is stable on only one face. The simplest such polyhedron
known requires 19 faces.
Whether unistability is possible with fewer faces is an unsolved problem.
[McCranie]

# 19 is the smallest prime equal to the product of twin primes plus their
arithmetic mean (3*5 + 4 = 19). [Teofilatto]

# 19 is the smallest prime with a digital root of 1. [McAlee]

# 19181716151413121110987654321 = 17 * 19 * 40617114482123 * 1462095938449

# The Fractran algorithm (John Horton Conway's prime-producing machine) is an

interesting but terribly inefficient way to generate prime numbers. It requires 19
steps to compute the first prime, 2.

# 19 is the smallest prime which is the sum of two semiprimes in two different
ways. [Post]
19 = 10 + 9 or 4 + 15

# 19 is possibly the largest prime that cannot be represented as the sum of four
distinct primes {2,3,5,7,11,13,19}. [Post]

# 19 = 1*5 + 3*3 + 5*1. [Poo Sung]

# The smallest titanic hexagonal-congruent prime has 19 ones on each of its six
sides.
Therefore each side of this hexagon is a repunit prime.

# The number of topologically distinct planar configurations without

discontinuities that are possible using six matches. [Beedassy]

# There are 19 visible diamond patterns on the surface of a fully formed rhombic
triacontahedron when structured using a series of phi-ratio pyramids. An example
being Roger von Oech's Ball of Whacks. [Trace]

# (11, 13, 17, 19) is the first prime quadruple (p, q, r, s) such that s divides
pqr+1. [Loungrides]

# All pairs (a,b) where a+b=19 have prime a*b+19 sums. 19 is the largest prime with
such property. [Bergot]

# The only known prime p of form 4*q+7, where q and 4*p+7 are prime. [Loungrides]

# (2^2 * 3^3 * 19^19) + 1 = 213669322811313867625389733 is prime. [Honaker].

2 * 3 * 19 = 114 [http://heliwave.com/114.txt]

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http://primes.utm.edu/curios/page.php/19.html