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Example 1.5.1: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in Fig.
1.5.1.
Fig. 1.5.1. SFD and BMD for a simple beam with a concentrated load.
(b) Cut the beam to the left of the load P at distance x from A (i.e., 0 < x < a ). From the free-
body diagram of the left-hand part of the beam,
Pb Pbx
V = RA = , M = RA x = . (1.5.1.2)
L L
Shear force is constant from A to point of application of load P . Bending moment varies
linearly with x .
(c) Cut the beam to the right of the load P at distance x from A (i.e., a < x < L ). From the free-
body diagram of the left-hand part of the beam,
Pb − Pa Pbx ⎛ x⎞
V= −P= , M= − P( x − a) = Pa ⎜1 − ⎟ . (1.5.1.3)
L L L ⎝ L⎠
Shear force is constant. Bending moment is a linear function of x .
Note: It is easier to obtain eqn (1.5.1.3) by considering the right-hand part of the beam as a free
body.
Fig. 1.5.2. SFD and BMD for a simple beam with a uniform load.
(b) Cut the beam at distance x from A (i.e., 0 < x < L ). From the free-body diagram of the left-
hand part of the beam,
⎛L ⎞
+ ↑ ΣFY = 0 : RA − qx − V = 0 , ⇒V = q⎜ − x⎟ .
⎝2 ⎠
⎛ x⎞ qx
+4 ΣM A = 0 : −(qx) ⎜ ⎟ − Vx + M = 0 , ⇒ M = ( L − x) . (1.5.2.2)
⎝2⎠ 2
The SFD is a straight line. Slope of line is − q . BMD is a parabolic curve. Slope of the BMD
dM
is equal to the shear force V . The maximum BM occurs when = 0 (i.e., at the cross-
dx
section when V = 0 ).