LPC11XX HANDS ON

Daniel Widyanto
September 2010
Disclaimer

Although this presentation has been made as correct as

possible, it cannot replace the user manual as the main source
of the information
In doubts, please check the LPC11xx User Manual

2
Contents

Understanding LPC11xx Clock

In-Application Programming
LPC11xx Power Management

3
Understanding LPC11xx Clock
Hands On

4
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

5
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

LPC11xx clock source:

– Internal RC oscillator : 12MHz ±1%
– Watchdog oscillator : 7.8kHz – 1.7MHz ±40%
– System oscillator : 1MHz – 25MHz
• External clock ?

Internal RC oscillator

6
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Watchdog oscillator

7
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

System Oscillator

8
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

System PLL (Phase Lock Loop)

– To multiply the input clock into desired operating frequency

9
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Calculating PLL parameter values

Fclkout = M x Fclkin
M = Fclkout1) / Fclkin2)

1)
10MHz <= Fclkin < 25MHz
2)
Fclkin <= Fclkout <= 50MHz

Fcco3) = 2 x P x Fclkout
3)
156MHz <= Fcco <= 320MHz

10
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Initializing PLL
1. Select PLL input
2. Toggle ENA bit on SYSPLLCLKUEN
3. Fill the ‘M’ and ‘N’ value to SYSPLLCTRL
4. Power on SYSPLL

1. Wait until it’s locked

11
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Main clock

12
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

System clock
– Control core’s clock, flash, ROM, RAM, and most of the
peripherals

13
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Peripheral clocks

14
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Watchdog peripheral

15
Understanding LPC11xx Clock

CLKOUT pin

16
Understanding LPC11xx Clock
Hands On

Open ‘LPCXpresso’ and use ‘blinky’ for LPC1114 as the hands

on code
Answer these questions:
– Just before main() is called, which LPC1114 peripherals that are
not activated (turned off) ?
– What is the core frequency of ‘blinky’ ?
– Change the main clock frequency of ‘blinky’ into half of the
current frequency. What are the things that you need to modify ?
– View the main clock frequency through oscilloscope (if available).
Enable the CLKOUT pin to connect with main clock. What are the
things that you need to modify ?

17
In-Application Programming
Hands On

18
In-Application Programming

What is that ?
– Capability of the MCU to reprogram its own flash from user’s
software
– No external circuitry is needed

Usage:
– Field firmware upgrade
– EEPROM replacement
– Firmware configuration storage
– Data storage
– Etc

Limitation:
– Can only be erased in 1-block size (ie. 4kBytes)
– Slow erase time (100ms) and writing time (1ms)
– Flash is not accessible during write / erase time
• The codes need to be run from RAM during IAP 19
In-Application Programming

LPC1114 Implementation
IAP functions
ARM ISP functions
Flash Checksum functions
Cortex-M0
……
……
ROM
RAM Peripherals

0x1FFF1FF1 Boot loader

20
In-Application Programming

How to call the ROM function from C ?

GPIOSetDir( 0, 7, 1 );

e8:2000 movs r0, #0

ea:2107 movs r1, #7
ec:2201 movs r2, #1
ee:f000 f81b bl 128 <GPIOSetDir>

Function pointer
– Can use the same concept using function pointer

21
In-Application Programming

Function pointer
#define IAP_LOCATION 0x1fff1ff1

unsigned long result[4];

unsigned long command[5];

typedef void (*IAP)(unsigned int [],unsigned int[]);

IAP iap_entry;

unsigned long calling_IAP_functions(void) {

// Fill up the command values
command[0] = 0x5410

iap_entry=(IAP) IAP_LOCATION;
iap_entry (command, result);

// Result is in result[0]
return result[0];
}

22
In-Application Programming

IAP Parameter Passing

23
In-Application Programming

LPC11xx flash operation cheat sheet

– To erase sector:
• Issue ‘Prepare sector(s) for write operation’ command first, followed by
‘Erase sector[s]’ command

– To write sector:
• Issue ‘Prepare sector(s) for write operation’ command first, followed by
‘Copy RAM to Flash’ command

– To read sector:
• Read like ordinary memory
• Eg. If the data is 4-bytes long, written at 0x020, use:
uint32_t stored_value = * ((uint32_t *) 0x20);

– To check whether the sector is blank:

• Issue ‘Blank check sector(s)’

24
In-Application Programming

Flash sector – Address mapping

25
In-Application Programming
Hands On

Import the ‘LPC11xx_IAP_Demo’ program into LPCXpresso

workspace
Hands On:
– The minimum of flash writing is 256 bytes. Write the
‘demo_config’ data and fill up the rest of the 256 bytes with
‘0xAA’. Show it into your LPCXpresso
– Implement IAP function: ‘Blank Check’ sector.

Answer these questions:

– The 32-bytes on top of the SRAM is reserved for IAP. How to
arrange the linker to avoid 32-bytes of the top of SRAM for IAP ?

26
LPC11xx Power Management
Hands On

27
LPC11xx Power Management

ARM Cortex-M0 core power management

– Comes with the system core
– Consist of: sleep mode and deep sleep mode

Sleep mode:
– Stops the processor clock -> execution of instructions is
suspended until either a reset or an interrupt occurs
– Implemented by all of ARM Cortex-M3 vendors

Deep sleep mode:

– Vendor implementation specific
– Stops the any peripherals that is controlled by ‘PDRUNCFG’,
except for BOD and watchdog oscillator

28
LPC11xx Power Management

NXP specific Power Mode

– Consist of deep power down mode

Deep power down mode

– All peripherals are powered down, except for WAKEUP pins
– When wake up, all peripherals are reset. Only GPREG0 – GPREG4
and PCON that will be in the current status before deep power
down mode

29
LPC11xx Power Management

Selecting Power Management Modes

0 0 Sleep
SLEEPDEEP
DPDEN

1 Deep 1 Deep Sleep

Power-Down

30
LPC11xx Power Management

Entering power saving mode

– Configure the wake-up source
– Select the power mode
– Use ARM WFI instruction
• ARM Cortex-M0 also supports WFE (‘Wait For Event’) to enter sleep
mode instruction but it is not implemented in LPC11xx

Options
– PDRUNCFG (0x4004 8238)
• Control peripherals power during active mode
– PDWAKECFG (0x4004 8234)
• Control peripherals power that needs to be activated after wake up
– PDSLEEPCFG (0x4004 8230)
• Control watchdog and brownout circuit when entering deep sleep
mode
– SLEEPONEXIT on SCR (0xE000 ED10)
• Control whether system should sleep after finish serving IRQ
31
LPC11xx Power Management

Configure wake up source

– For sleep and deep sleep:
• The wake up source interrupt must be enabled at NVIC
– For deep sleep:
• Only start logic pins (PIO0_0 – PIO0_11 and PIO1_0) that able to
wake the MCU
• Only peripherals that have pin out mux-ed with one of PIO0_0 –
PIO0_11 or PIO_1, and can use watchdog oscillator as its clock source
is able to wake the MCU
– For deep power down:
• Only start logic pins (PIO0_0 – PIO0_11 and PIO1_0) that able to
wake the MCU
• The start logic must be set to falling edge trigger

32
LPC11xx Power Management

Things to remember
– Never let main clock source from PLL or system oscillator during
power saving mode
• The system will never be awaken (for deep sleep and power down
mode)
• If periodic wake up is needed, use watchdog oscillator as main clock
source
• Otherwise, always set the internal RC oscillator as main clock
– The ‘start logic pins’ interrupt must be activated to enable start
logic
• Including power down mode

33
LPC11xx Power Management
Hands On

Import ‘LPC11xx_PowerManagement_Demo’ program into

LPCXpresso
Try both sleep mode and deep sleep mode
– The JTAG will not work if device is entering power saving mode
(sleep, deep sleep, and power down mode).
– Once the debug screen is appeared, stop the debug mode, unplug
and plug the LPCXpresso to test the firmware

Answer / do the exercises below:

– Why the Timer interrupt needs to be disabled to make the device
enter the ‘sleep’ mode ?
– Change the wake-up source into PIO0_7
– Enable the power down mode. Check deep power down mode flag
in PCON, and skip sleeping if it is active
34
LPC11XX HANDS ON
Daniel Widyanto
September 2010

1
Disclaimer

Although this presentation has been made as correct as

possible, it cannot replace the user manual as the main source
of the information
In doubts, please check the LPC11xx User Manual

2
Contents

Understanding LPC11xx Clock

In-Application Programming
LPC11xx Power Management

3
Understanding LPC11xx Clock
Hands On

4
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

LPC11xx clock system consists of three major blocks:

• Three oscillators to generate the clock
• One PLL to multiply the clock
• Six clock divider to generate different clock rate for different devices

5
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

LPC11xx clock source:

– Internal RC oscillator : 12MHz ±1%
– Watchdog oscillator : 7.8kHz – 1.7MHz ±40%
– System oscillator : 1MHz – 25MHz
• External clock ?

Internal RC oscillator

The internal RC oscillator can be turned off using ‘PDRUNCFG’ register

The internal RC oscillator is calibrated at NXP manufacturing site. The calibration value is
written by bootloader during boot up.
User can change the register value to change the internal RC oscillation frequency, but it
is not recommended since each device has different characteristic (ie. The frequency
change per TRIM value change is not always same for each device).

6
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Watchdog oscillator

The watchdog oscillator frequency is controlled by two things:

• Watchdog oscillator divider (DIVSEL)
• Watchdog output frequency selection

Any FREQSEL value will generate output frequency within 40% tolerance. Hence, it is not
recommended for application that needs accurate timing

The watchdog frequency is undefined after reset. The WDTOSCCTRL must be

programmed before watchdog oscillator is used.

The watchdog oscillator can be powered down using ‘PDRUNCFG’ register.

7
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

System Oscillator

System oscillator can be bypassed if user wants to use external clock instead of crystal.

System oscillator can be powered down using ‘PDRUNCFG’ register.

8
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

System PLL (Phase Lock Loop)

– To multiply the input clock into desired operating frequency

System PLL can use internal RC oscillator or system oscillator as its source. Refer to
SYSPLLCLKSEL for the PLL input source. Both clocks must be running before clock
source is updated.

After the PLL input source is changed, the ENA bit should be toggled. Here’s the code
example:

LPC_SYSCON->SYSPLLCLKSEL = SYSPLLCLKSEL_Val; /* Select PLL Input */

LPC_SYSCON->SYSPLLCLKUEN = 0x01; /* Update Clock Source */
LPC_SYSCON->SYSPLLCLKUEN = 0x00; /* Toggle Update Register */
LPC_SYSCON->SYSPLLCLKUEN = 0x01;
while (!(LPC_SYSCON->SYSPLLCLKUEN & 0x01)); /* Wait Until Updated */

9
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Calculating PLL parameter values

Fclkout = M x Fclkin
M = Fclkout1) / Fclkin2)

1)
10MHz <= Fclkin < 25MHz
2)
Fclkin <= Fclkout <= 50MHz

Fcco3) = 2 x P x Fclkout
3)156MHz <= Fcco <= 320MHz

10

The PLL can only accept 10Mhz – 25Mhz input (either from internal RC oscillator or
system oscillator). This frequency will be multiplied according to user’s target frequency
(Fclkout).

The Fclkout cannot over than 50MHz since the silicon die is guaranteed to work correctly
according to the specification until 50Mhz.

The Fcco can range from 156MHz – 320Mhz. The lower Fcco, the lower PLL power
consumption is.

10
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Initializing PLL
1. Select PLL input
2. Toggle ENA bit on SYSPLLCLKUEN
3. Fill the ‘M’ and ‘N’ value to SYSPLLCTRL
4. Power on SYSPLL

1. Wait until it’s locked

11

Changing PLL value must started with power down the PLL first

The PLL parameter value cannot be changed during PLL locked is active. It may cause
software crash.

11
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Main clock

12

By selecting MAINCLKSEL = 0x01, user can use the main oscillator frequency (bypassing
the PLL).

After the MAINCLKSEL is updated, the ENA bit at MAINCLKUEN must be toggled. Here’s
the code example to toggle it.
LPC_SYSCON->MAINCLKSEL = MAINCLKSEL_Val; /* Select PLL Clock Output */
LPC_SYSCON->MAINCLKUEN = 0x01; /* Update MCLK Clock Source */
LPC_SYSCON->MAINCLKUEN = 0x00; /* Toggle Update Register */
LPC_SYSCON->MAINCLKUEN = 0x01;
while (!(LPC_SYSCON->MAINCLKUEN & 0x01)); /* Wait Until Updated */

12
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

System clock
– Control core’s clock, flash, ROM, RAM, and most of the
peripherals

13

System clock controls core and most of the peripherals clock, including
SYSAHBCLKCTRL

The SYSAHBCLKCTRL is register to enable / disable other peripheral’s clock, including

the ones that have independent clock divider (UART, SSP0, SSP1, Watchdog,
CLKOUT). Therefore, SYSAHBCLKDIV cannot be disabled (by writing 0) or the whole
system will freeze.

13
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Peripheral clocks

14

The independent clock divider allows these peripheral to be independently disabled /

enabled.

Other than SSP0CLKDIV, SSP1CLKDIV, and UARTCLKDIV, the SYSAHBCLKCTRL

(shown on page before this) also have control to enable / disable the peripheral clock.

14
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

Watchdog peripheral

15

After the MAINCLKSEL is updated, the ENA bit at MAINCLKUEN must be toggled.

15
 Understanding LPC11xx Clock

CLKOUT pin

16

LPC11xx pin as oscillator output

• Can be used to debug the clock settings
• Can be used to drive other external peripherals
• Can only pump 50MHz max (LPC11xx pin limitation)

16
Understanding LPC11xx Clock
Hands On

Open ‘LPCXpresso’ and use ‘blinky’ for LPC1114 as the hands

on code
Answer these questions:
– Just before main() is called, which LPC1114 peripherals that are
not activated (turned off) ?
– What is the core frequency of ‘blinky’ ?
– Change the main clock frequency of ‘blinky’ into half of the
current frequency. What are the things that you need to modify ?
– View the main clock frequency through oscilloscope (if available).
Enable the CLKOUT pin to connect with main clock. What are the
things that you need to modify ?

17

17
In-Application Programming
Hands On

18

18
 In-Application Programming

What is that ?
– Capability of the MCU to reprogram its own flash from user’s
software
– No external circuitry is needed

Usage:
– Field firmware upgrade
– EEPROM replacement
– Firmware configuration storage
– Data storage
– Etc

Limitation:
– Can only be erased in 1-block size (ie. 4kBytes)
– Slow erase time (100ms) and writing time (1ms)
– Flash is not accessible during write / erase time
• The codes need to be run from RAM during IAP 19

The LPC11xx Flash data retention is 10K program/erase-cycles. The programming can
be done as minimum as 256kBytes for each writing operation. Hence, each sector could
be written 16 times before it is erased.

19
In-Application Programming

LPC1114 Implementation
IAP functions
ARM ISP functions
Flash Checksum functions
Cortex-M0
……
……
ROM
RAM Peripherals

0x1FFF1FF1 Boot loader

20

20
 In-Application Programming

How to call the ROM function from C ?

GPIOSetDir( 0, 7, 1 );

e8:2000 movs r0, #0

ea:2107 movs r1, #7
ec:2201 movs r2, #1
ee:f000 f81b bl 128 <GPIOSetDir>

Function pointer
– Can use the same concept using function pointer

21

When a function is disassembled, its parameters are passed through the registers (or
stack, but not in ARM architecture case), then the address of the function is called

We can reuse the concept using function pointer to call ROM functions in C

21
In-Application Programming

Function pointer
#define IAP_LOCATION 0x1fff1ff1

unsigned long result[4];

unsigned long command[5];

typedef void (*IAP)(unsigned int [],unsigned int[]);

IAP iap_entry;

unsigned long calling_IAP_functions(void) {

// Fill up the command values
command[0] = 0x5410

iap_entry=(IAP) IAP_LOCATION;
iap_entry (command, result);

// Result is in result[0]
return result[0];
}

22

22
 In-Application Programming

IAP Parameter Passing

23

The IAP takes two parameters: the pointer to command table, and pointer to result table.
The command parameter address is passed through R0, the result table address is
passed through R1.

23
In-Application Programming

LPC11xx flash operation cheat sheet

– To erase sector:
• Issue ‘Prepare sector(s) for write operation’ command first, followed by
‘Erase sector[s]’ command

– To write sector:
• Issue ‘Prepare sector(s) for write operation’ command first, followed by
‘Copy RAM to Flash’ command

– To read sector:
• Read like ordinary memory
• Eg. If the data is 4-bytes long, written at 0x020, use:
uint32_t stored_value = * ((uint32_t *) 0x20);

– To check whether the sector is blank:

• Issue ‘Blank check sector(s)’

24

24
In-Application Programming

Flash sector – Address mapping

25

25
In-Application Programming
Hands On

Import the ‘LPC11xx_IAP_Demo’ program into LPCXpresso

workspace
Hands On:
– The minimum of flash writing is 256 bytes. Write the
‘demo_config’ data and fill up the rest of the 256 bytes with
‘0xAA’. Show it into your LPCXpresso
– Implement IAP function: ‘Blank Check’ sector.

Answer these questions:

– The 32-bytes on top of the SRAM is reserved for IAP. How to
arrange the linker to avoid 32-bytes of the top of SRAM for IAP ?

26

26
LPC11xx Power Management
Hands On

27

27
 LPC11xx Power Management

ARM Cortex-M0 core power management

– Comes with the system core
– Consist of: sleep mode and deep sleep mode

Sleep mode:
– Stops the processor clock -> execution of instructions is
suspended until either a reset or an interrupt occurs
– Implemented by all of ARM Cortex-M3 vendors

Deep sleep mode:

– Vendor implementation specific
– Stops the any peripherals that is controlled by ‘PDRUNCFG’,
except for BOD and watchdog oscillator

28

LPC11xx has two different kind of power management:

• ARM Cortex-M0 core power management
• NXP power management IP

The deep sleep behaviour may be different from ARM Cortex-M3 vendors.

28
LPC11xx Power Management

NXP specific Power Mode

– Consist of deep power down mode

Deep power down mode

– All peripherals are powered down, except for WAKEUP pins
– When wake up, all peripherals are reset. Only GPREG0 – GPREG4
and PCON that will be in the current status before deep power
down mode

29

29
LPC11xx Power Management

Selecting Power Management Modes

0 0 Sleep
SLEEPDEEP
DPDEN

1 Deep 1 Deep Sleep

Power-Down

30

30
LPC11xx Power Management

Entering power saving mode

– Configure the wake-up source
– Select the power mode
– Use ARM WFI instruction
• ARM Cortex-M0 also supports WFE (‘Wait For Event’) to enter sleep
mode instruction but it is not implemented in LPC11xx

Options
– PDRUNCFG (0x4004 8238)
• Control peripherals power during active mode
– PDWAKECFG (0x4004 8234)
• Control peripherals power that needs to be activated after wake up
– PDSLEEPCFG (0x4004 8230)
• Control watchdog and brownout circuit when entering deep sleep
mode
– SLEEPONEXIT on SCR (0xE000 ED10)
• Control whether system should sleep after finish serving IRQ
31

31
LPC11xx Power Management

Configure wake up source

– For sleep and deep sleep:
• The wake up source interrupt must be enabled at NVIC
– For deep sleep:
• Only start logic pins (PIO0_0 – PIO0_11 and PIO1_0) that able to
wake the MCU
• Only peripherals that have pin out mux-ed with one of PIO0_0 –
PIO0_11 or PIO_1, and can use watchdog oscillator as its clock source
is able to wake the MCU
– For deep power down:
• Only start logic pins (PIO0_0 – PIO0_11 and PIO1_0) that able to
wake the MCU
• The start logic must be set to falling edge trigger

32

32
 LPC11xx Power Management

Things to remember
– Never let main clock source from PLL or system oscillator during
power saving mode
• The system will never be awaken (for deep sleep and power down
mode)
• If periodic wake up is needed, use watchdog oscillator as main clock
source
• Otherwise, always set the internal RC oscillator as main clock
– The ‘start logic pins’ interrupt must be activated to enable start
logic
• Including power down mode

33

The PLL and system oscillator needs software configuration to run. If one of them is
enabled as main clock source during power saving mode, there will be no clock to run the
software to configure

33
 LPC11xx Power Management
Hands On

Import ‘LPC11xx_PowerManagement_Demo’ program into

LPCXpresso
Try both sleep mode and deep sleep mode
– The JTAG will not work if device is entering power saving mode
(sleep, deep sleep, and power down mode).
– Once the debug screen is appeared, stop the debug mode, unplug
and plug the LPCXpresso to test the firmware

Answer / do the exercises below:

– Why the Timer interrupt needs to be disabled to make the device
enter the ‘sleep’ mode ?
– Change the wake-up source into PIO0_7
– Enable the power down mode. Check deep power down mode flag
in PCON, and skip sleeping if it is active
34

The LPCXpresso will download the debugged program into flash. Hence, even if the IDE
is not running, the program can still run from the board.

34