EI1JhAHA CI1KI1M1fli

PYMYHH Y BOJEa) ~11 Hili: CYEJEKTHBHE rpAHHIJ;E

DBaj rrpmror ce 6aBH MorynHOCTBMa pa3rpaHIfCIaBaFba pa3nWllITFIX PYMYHoqJOHFIX 3aje.n:mma y BojBo,n:mm rrOLfeB-
lim 0,[( aKa,[(eMCKFIX rroKYmaja pa3rpaHIfCIeFba (HcTopHLfapa, ):(HjaneKTonora), ,[(0 cy6jeKTHBHFIX O[(eHa rrpHIla,[(HHKa
caMe 3aje.n:mme. I1p06neMaTH3a[(HjoM 'PYMYHCTBa' reorpaljJcKe rpamm:e BojBo):(HHe (H cprrCKor ,[(erra HCTopHjcKor
EaHaTa r,[(e cy PYMYHH aYTOXTOHO CTaHOBHHmTBO) ce npena3e y ):(Ba rrpaB[(a: Ka HCTOKY H PYMYHCKOM ,[(erry HCTO-
pHjcKor EaHaTa, 3aTBM y OKBrrpy Cp6Hje Ka jyry, rrpeKO peKe )JjHaB ,[(0 06rracTH y KOjOj )I<HBe PYMYHoljJOHH BrracH
ceBepOHCTOLfHe Cp6Hje. Herrpe[(H3HOCT rpamm:a rrOTeH[(HpaHa je HejaCHBM O,[(HOCBMa [(eHTpa H rrepHljJepHje.
I1p06rreMaTH30BaHe cy H HeKe BpeMeHCKe rpamm:e, a rrOKa3aH cy H o'[(peljeHa eIlHCTeMOnOmKa orpaHIfCIeFba H
'[(ejCTBO p;t3ITHLfHTFIX BpCTa [(eH3ype.

RJbY~Hepe~u:rpamm:a,pYMYHCKHje3HK,pypanHo,yp6aHO,[(eHTap,rrepHljJepHja

1. YBO,lJ;

_ TeMa 'rpaHHIJ;e' M 'rpa,lJ;YeJIHOCTM' je,lJ;Ha je o,n: ,n:OMMHaHTIillX JIMHrBMCTIJLIK.HX rrapa,n:MrMI1 y Cp-

6MjM .n:sa,n:eceT rrpBor Berm, ,n:OBOJbHO je rrOMeH)'TM HeKOJIMKO Hajyuru;ajHMjMX c1)'.D:Hja (pa,n:oBaHoBMn
2008, 2009, 2009a, IIorroBMn 2008, IIMITep 2008) ,n:a 6M ce CTeKaO yBM,n: y arcryeJIHOCT caMe TeMe (Koja
ce rrpaTM Kp03 HM3 rrOMMCI(IDIJIMHa: JIMHrBMCTI1'lK)' TeopMjy, teopMjy je3FfIIKHX HMBoa, rpaManII(Y CKa-
JIa M KaTeropMja, TeopMjy XMjepapXM30BaHMX je3FfIIKHX CTpyrcrypa, CTpaTM<pMKaWIOHY rpaMaTMKY, Te-
OPMjy ceMaHTMqKHXi <PYHKl.\MOHaITHO-CeMaHTMqKMX rrOJba, mOToMeTpMjy, JIMHrBOCTaTMCTMK)', TeopMjy
681
CeMaHTYfq{(ill{ rrpOTOTMITa, CeMaHTFfIIKHX JIOKaJIM3aWIja). Mmropa,n: Pa,n:OBaHOBMn rrpe,n:JIIDKe M HM3 Tep-
MMHOJIOmKMX MorynHocTM 3a 03HaqaBaIbe rrpo6rreMa HejacHMX rpaHHIJ;a: CKarrapHOCT, ,n:McKpeTHocT,
KOHTMHYaITHOCT, rrocTerreHocT, cTerreHoBaIDe, paHrMpaIDe, MHTeH3MTeT, 'HejacHocT', 'Heo,n:pe~eHocT',
'HerrpeWI3HocT', 'rrperra3HOCT', 'rpaHWlHocT', 'MemaHocT', rrojaBe 'Ha MaprMHM', 'y CMBoj 30HM', a
caM YCBaja TepMMH - '<pa3M JIMHrBMCTMKa' (pa,n:oBaHOBMli 2009: 16, 20). IIpe.n:par IIMITep (2008) ce 6aBM
rpaMaTMKoM rpaHMu;e M rpaHHIJ;e KaO ceMaHT~Kor KpMTepMjYMa Ha rpa~M cprrcKor je3MKa, a ca MMrrrrM-
KaWIjaMa Koje ce rrpoTe)l()' M Ha ,n:pyre CJIOBeHCKe je3MKe: BMme rpaMaTFfIIKHX KaTeropMJaJe rrOBe3aHO y
3ace6aH (XMITep )KaTeropMjarrHM KOMI1IleKC.
I-13 yma KBaITMTaTMBHMX MCTpIDKMBaIDa y xyMaHMC~KMM HaYKaMa y Cp6MjM, ITMTaIDMMa Hejac-
HMX rpaHMua rrocBeneH je 3HaqajaH 6poj C1)'.D:Hja, Ha rrpMMep - c1)'.D:Hje MMpjaHe ,1J;eTerrMli 0 'CMBoj
30HM' Y <POJIKIlOPY (2001, 2001a), 3aTMM MOHorpa<pMje 0 Heo,n:pe~eHoM rroJIo)Kajy Cp6a y CJIOBeHMjM
M Ma~apcKoj, KOjM je CMrHaITM3MpaH Ben y caMMM HaCJIOBMMa o,n:rOBapajynMX COWIOJIMHrBMCTIJLIK.HX M
aHTpOrrOJIOillIiliX c1)'.D:Hja Kao 'HM TY HM TaMo' (Petrovic 2006, IIperrMli 2008), MIlM 0 CKaITapHOCTM y
rrepuerrUMjM ,n:pyroCTM Ha TepeHY KocoBa (CMKMMMn 2005, 2008, Petrovic 2008).
OBaj rrpMJIOr ce 6aBM MorynHocTMMa pa3rpaIDJIIaBaIDa pa3~MX PYMYHO<pOHMX 3aje.IJ:HMua y
BojBO.IJ:MHM. IIpo6JIeMaTM3aWIjoM 'PYMYHcTBa' reorpa<pcKe rpaHHIJ;e BojBO.D:MHe (M cprrcKor ,n:erra MC-
TOpMjcKor EaHaTa r,n:e cy PYMYHM ayroxroHo CTaHOBHMillTBO) 6Mlie TOKOM uerror rrpMIlora rrpeJIIDKeHe
y ,n:Ba rrpaBua: Ka MCTOK)' M PYMYHCKOM ,n:erry MCTopMjcKor EaHaTa, 3aTMM y OKBMPY Cp6Mje Ka jyry,
rrpeKO peKe ,[(yHaB ,n:o 06JIaCTM Y KOjOj )KMBe PYMYHO<pOHM BrracM ceBepOMCTO'IHe Cp6Mje. BpeMeHCKe
rpaHMue 6Mne caMO Y3rpe,n:Ho pa3MaTpaHe, a MMajynM y BM,lJ;Y CTaB IIpe,n:rapa IIMITepa 0 TeMrrOpaITHoj
JIOKarrM3aUMjM HeKor ,n:ora~aja Y O,lJ;Hocy Ha ,n:pyrn: "cBaKo BpeMe je OBaKO MJIM OHaKO o,n:pe~eHO HeKOM
pe<pepeHTHOM BpeMeHCKOM Tallli.OM MJIM 'Tallli.OM', O,lJ;HOCHO rrepMo,n:OM, IIITO M jecTe KpMTepMjYM rpa-
HMue BpeMeHCKor o,n:MepaBaIDa ',n:O , , 'rrOCJIe' MIlM 'YHYTap', 6e3 063Mpa Ha 60raTCTBO ParrMqMTMX y:tKMX
BpeMeHCKMX M3pa3a" (IIMITep 2008: 318).
 rpaHMue ce y OBOM rrpff1Tory o6JIMKYjy H KaO eITHCTeMOJIOJ.IIKa OrpaHWIeI-ba H KaO Pa3HOBpCHa
QeH3ypa (Ha npHMep - CTaBOBH aICa,zJ,eMCKe 3aje,n:HMue: ype,n:HHKa, peueH3eHaTa, H3,n:aBaqa H CBHX ,n:py-
rHX KOjH O.n:nyqyjy 0 o6jaBJI,HBaI-bY HayqIillX rrpHJIOra H HMajy 3HaqajHY ynory y rrpOH3BO,n:I-bH 3HaI-ba
H I-beroBoj .D:HCeMHHaUHjH). IIpoH3Be,n:eHo 3HaI-be O,n:a6Hpajy H o6JIMKYjy OHM KOjH HMajy MOn, CMaTpa
MapneH ,n:e JIeH (de Laine 2000: 123-132), aJIH BenHKY O,n:roBOPHOCT HCTpIDKHBaQ HMa H npeMa CBOM
THMY H rrpeMa caroBopHMUHMa Ha TepeHY, OH yseK rrpoueI-byje O'IeKHBaI-ba H 3axreBe rry6JIHKe, H Ha
Kpajy HMa o,n:roBopHoCT H rrpeMa caMOM ce6H KaO HCTpIDKHBaqy (yrr. CHKHMHn 2008a). HeKe o,n: OCHOB-
HHX Te3a OBor pa,n:a, rrpe CBera 0 errHcTeMonomKoj ,n:HHaMHQH .D:HKTHpaHoj TepeHcKHM HCTpmKHBaI-bHMa,
6HJIe cy H3HeTe y CT)'.D:HjH Sikimi6 2011a.
Ji13.n:sajaI-be "TpH rpyrre rOBopHHKa PYMYHcKor je3HKa" y Cp6HjH - Koje 'IHHe PYMYHH y EaHaTY,
BnacH ceBepOHCTUQHe Cp6Hje H EaI-ballH, eTHWIKa rpyrra PYMYHcKor je3HKa H KYJITYpe 3arrOQHI-bY aH-
TpOrrOnOJlII(J{ opHjeHTHCaHM CPHJIOJI03H OTHJIHja Xe,n:emaH, AHaMapHja Sorescu-MapHHKoBHn H EHJI,a-
Ha CHKHMHn. 3axBaJI,yjynH YSH.n:y y CTaI-be Ha TepeHY, Sorescu-Marinkovi6 (2007c) rrpomHpyje OBa
TpH Kpyra 'PYMYHCTBa' Ha PYMYHKe H3 PYMYHHje y,n:aTe y Cp6HjH H Ha (yrnaBHOM) ce30HCKe pa,n:HHKe
MHrpaHTe H3 PYMYHMje, a CHKHMHn (2007) ,n:oMeHY PYMYHcKor je3HKa H KYJI1Ype ,n:o,n:aje BHlleje3H'IHe
Po Me y PYMYHCKHM HaCeJI,HMa EaHaTa QHja je je3H4Ka KOMrreTeHQHja y nOKanHOM PYMYHCKOM rOBOpy
HecrropHa. Y OBOM rrpHJIory, Kao HOB a peanHOCT TepeHa EaHaTa, ,n:o,n:ajy ce ApYMYHM Kao 'CKpHBeHa
MaI-bHHa' H I-bHXOB apYMYHCKHje3HKi,n:HjaJIeKaT Kao '6allTHI-beHMje3HK' H ,n:oceJI,eHM BnaCH, yrnaBHoM
Y OKBHPY pa,n:He MHrpaQHje, y PYMYHCKHM cenHMa EaHaTa.
Ey.n:ynH ,n:a cy aYTOpecpneKCHBHOCT H YSH,n: Y Herrocpe,n:HM YTHI:J;aj HCTpIDKHBaQa Ha carOBopHHKa
B!l)KHe KapaKTepHCTHKe aHanHTH4Ke MeTo,n:e uenor HCTpIDKHBa'IKOr THMa EaJIKaHOnOillKOr HHCTHTYTa,
Kao H ,n:eo CBeCHor KpeTaI-ba y rrpaBUY ,n:HHaMH'IKe eITHCTeMOJIOrHje, Ha Kpajy rrpHJIora rrOKa3aH je H
rrpouec 'rrperoBapaI-ba' 0 PYMYHCKOM H,n:eHTHTeTY Ha OCHOBY TpaHCKpHITTaje,n:Hor TepeHCKor pa3rOBOpa
BofjeHor y PYMYHCKOM ceny PHTHlleBO y EaHaTY Kp03 KpOjH ce rrpeJIaMajy pa3He BpCTe rpaHHQa H rro-
Ka3yje I-bHXOBa ,n:HCPY3HOCT.

682
2. rpaHHu;e H OrpaHH'lelha

2.1. HCTopnjcKe rpaHH~e

JiICTOpHjcKe rpaHHQe EaJIKaHa, ,n:aHac rro,n:eJI,eHe ,n:p)J(aBHHM rpaHHQaMa, jom yseK orrcTajy Ha
nOKaJIHOM HHBOy. IIpaBHH CHCTeM H rrOJIHTHKa rrpeMa HaQHOHanHMM MafhHMa AycTpoyrapcKe H OTO-
MaHCKor uapcTBa ca peKoM ,[(yHaB Kao jaKoM rpaHM'IHOM JIHHMjOM, MOry ce rrpanrrn H Y caBpeMeHHM
CTaBOBHMa rrpeMa JIOKaJImfM MaI-bHHCKHM je3HQHMa, peJIHrHjaMa H eTHHQHTeTY Ha UeJIOKYITHoj TepH-
TOPHjH EaJIKaHa. PH3HKYjynH ,n:a ce rrpeBHme rroje,n:HOCTaBe cno)J(eHM HCTOPHjCKH rrpouecH, MO)J(e ce
YKa3aTH Ha tIIffi,eHMUY ,n:a H ,n:aHac rrocTOje TparoBH rrparMaTH4He aYTpoyrapcKe rrO.mrrn:Ke Y o'IysaI-by
penHrHjcKHX H je3H'IKHX H,n:eHTHTeTa eTHWIKHX rprra, H ca ,n:pyre cTPaHe, TparoBH OTOMaHCKor jHUJlem
CHCTeMa y TpeTHpaI-by eTHH4KHX rpyrra (MHJIeT je H3je,n:Ha'IaBaO Jb)QW HCKJI,Y'fHBO Ha OCHOBY penHrHje,
a eTHHQHTeT HMje Hrpao ynory, TaKO, Ha rrpHMep, Y OTOMaHcKoM UapCTBy HMje 6HJIO pa3nHKe H3Me1jy
npaBocnaBHHX rpKa, Eyrapa, Cp6a, PYMYHa HJIH MaKe,n:oHaQa, Hupchick 2001: 133-135). ,1J;pyrH KO-
pHcTaH KOHUem cy CTaBOBH I,IoHa MajXHJIa (Mayhill 2006) 0 YJI03H cpopMHpaI-ba 'HaUHOHanHHX QPKaBa
y rrpe,n:Mo,n:epHo ,n:06a' KOjH OCBeTJI,aBa Pa3BOj KOMrrJIeKCHOr CHCTeMa O,n:Hoca H3Mefjy pemrrI1ie, je3HKa
H eTHH'IKOr H,n:eHTHTeTa.
113 yrJIa YCMeHe HCTopHje 3Ha'IajHMja rpaHHQa rrOCTaBJI,eHa je y caMOM EaHaTY. HaHMe, rro 3a-
BpmeTKY IIpBor CBeTCKor paTa, ,n:OIDJIO je ,n:o TepHTOpHjanHOr crropa OKO rro,n:ene EaHaTa H3Mefjy ,n:Be
HOBOcpopMHpaHe ,n:p)J(aBe - PYMYHHje H KpaJI,eBHHe Cp6a, XpBaTa H CnOBeHaQa KOjH je pa3peIIIeH
MHPOBHOM KOHcpepeHQHjoM y IIapH3Y 1919. ro,n:HHe. IIocJIe pa3rpaHWIeI-ba, y cprrcKoM ,n:eny EaHaTa
OCTaJIO je OKO 65.000 PYMYHa, yrJIaBHOM pyp·anHor CTaHOBHHillTBa, ,n:OK je BenH ,n:eo HHTemrreHUHje
 PYMYHIf Y BOJBO,lJ;IillI1: CYEJEKTIffiHE fPAIDII.J;E

omHpao 3a PJMYHI'Ijy.1 IToCJIe.D:eIbH paCrrOJIO)I(HBH CTaTHCTWIKH rro.D:alU'I (ITOITHC H3 2002. rO.L(Iffie) y

BOjBO.D:HHH 6eJIe:JKe 30.419 P)'MYHa (y Cp6HjH Y u,eJIHHH 34.576).2
MCTpa:JKHBalffi y .D:OMeHY xyMamrcTWIKI1X HaYKa ymaBHoM ce 6aBe rrocTojenoM .D:p:JKaBHOM rpa-
HHlJ,OM H3Me1jy Cp6Hje H PYMYmIje (popi 1993, Maluckov 1985, Spariosu 2010). OBa rpaHHlJ,a ce rrpH-
PO.D:HO HaMene H H3 yma HCTpa:JKHBaqa KOjH ce 6aBe cy6jeKTHBHOM rrepu,erru,HjoM CBOjHx caroBopHHKa,
TaKO, H3Me1jy OCTanor, H3 aHTpOrrOJIOIDKOr yma CHM60.JIHLIT(H 3Haqaj OBe rpaHHlJ,e OCBeTJbaBa cry.D:Hja
Duri6 2008.

2.2. ,11;ujaJIeKTOJIOmKe rpaHlIo;e II OrpaHIIQelLa

,1J;HjaneKTOJIOIIIKa rrepu,errlU'Ija PYMYHcKor je3HKa Ha TepHTOpHjH .D:aHaIIIIbe Cp6Hje JOIII YBeK je

H.D:eOJIOIIIKH o6ojeHa. Y BpeMe 06aBJbaIba KJIaCHQHHX TepeHcKI1X .D:HjaneKTOJIOIIIKI1X HCTpa:JKHBaIba TO-
KOM .D:pyre rrOJIOBHHe .D:Ba.D:eCeTOr BeKa, KOHKpeTHa HaCeJba Hana3HJIa cy ce y OKBHPY 3HaTHO Bene .D:P-
iKaBHe cjJopMau,Hje, JyrOCJIaBHje, anRje O.D:HOC rrpeMa P)'MYHCKoMje3HKY H Ta.D:a 6HO aM6HBaneHTaH.
,1J;HjaneKTOJIor Pa.D:Y <I>JIopa (1922-1989), .D:aHaC Ben KJIaCHK y rrHTaIbHMa PYMYHCKe .D:HjaneKTO-
JIOrHje, 6HO je OJl:.TIl'I'IaH rr03HaBanau, TepeHa cprrCKor baHaTa, aJIH H jYJKHOJl:YHaBCKI1X HCTOPHjCKHX
.D:HjaneKaTa p)'MYHCKor je3HKa, rrpe CBera HCTPOPYMYHCKor. CBojeBpcHo .D:HjaneKTOJIOIIIKO 'nYTaIbe' 0
P)'MYHCKHM roBOpHMa ceBepOHCTO~e Cp6Hje KapaKTepHCTnqHO je 3a PJMYHI'ICTHKY .D:pyre rrOJIOBHHe
20. BeKa y HeKa.D:aIIIIboj JyroCJIaBHjH H HH.D:HPeKTHO YKa3yje Ha cBecHY aYTOu,eH3YPY H CHa:JKHY Ta6yn-
3au,Hjy OBe TeMe y rrepHO.D:Y cou,HjanH3Ma. ,1J;a je .D:HjaneKTOJIor <I>JIopa O.n;.rrnqHO 6HO yrr03HaT ca CTaIbeM
PYMYHCKI1X rOBopa y Cp6HjH Y u,eJIHHH (.D:OMHHaHTHO 6aHaTCKI1X) jacHo je H3 Y3rpe.D:HI1X KOMeHTapa
y IberOBHM .D:HjaneKTOJIOIDKHM CT)'.D:HjaMa baHaTa (Flora 1962 H rroce6Ho Flora 1971). ,1J;aJbe, y CBHM
xyMaHHcTH~ .D:HClU'IrrJIHHaMa Koje ce 6aBe PYMYHHMa y cprrcKoM .D:eny baHaTa orrillTerrpHXBaneHaje
YHYTpaIIIIba rrO.D:eJIa Ha baHanaHe, Ep.D:eJbu,e H OJITeHlJ,e, TaKO je TO H Y JIHHrBHCTHlJ,H H Y eTHOJIOrHjH.
,1J;aHaIIIIba TepeHCKa HCTpa:JKHBaIba rrOKa3yjy .D:a je y .D:HjaneKTOJIOIDKOM rrome.D:Y .D:OIIIJIO .D:O mrBeJIalU'Ije
y KOPHCT .D:OMHHaHTHor 6aHaTCKor .D:HjaneKTa H .D:a HHCHCTHpaIbe Ha OBHM rrO.D:eJIaMa rrpe.D:CTaBJba pe- 683
KOHCTPYKQHjy HeKa.D:aIIIIber CTaIba. MrraK, Hecrropmr aYTOpHTeT rrpeTXO.D:HHX reHepalU'Ija JIHHrBHCTa
YTHu,ao je .D:a CTape Ha~e rrapa.D:HfMe JOIII YBeK rrpey3HMajy H caBpeMemr HCTpa:JKHBalffi.
ITpHJIOr Sikimi6 2007 rroKa3yje H.D:eOJIOm30BaHOCT .D:HjaneKTOJIOIDKe rpa1je npHKYITJbeHt~ 3a rrOT-
pe6e PYMYHCKHX JIHHrBHC~ aTJIaca H .D:HjaneKTOJIOIIIKHX cT)'.D:Hja (petrovici 1943; Flora 1971, Jo-
BaHoBHn 1998, 2006) Koje, Ha rrpHMep, He O.D:Pa:JKaBajy peJIHmjCKY crrelU'IcjJnqHOCT PYMYHCKe 3ajeJl:HHlJ,e
y JloKBaMa, 6e3 063Hpa Ha HeCyMIbHBe TeIIIKone Koje HMajy HCTpa:JKHBalffi KOjH Ha MYJITHKOHcjJeCHOHan-
HOM TepeHY rrpHMeIbyjy KJIaCnqHe YITHTHHKe ca ITHTaIbHMa H3 Tpa.D:HlU'IjcKe KYITIYpe. ETHO.D:HjaneKaT-
CKH TeKCTOBH Koje je o6jaBHo EMHJI IIeTpoBHn He yKa3yjy Ha rrocTOjaIbe (H y TO BpeMe) BeJIHKe PYMYH-
CKe Ha3apeHCKe 3aje.D:HHu,e y JloKBaMa.3 IIpHMeIbemr YITHTHHK 3a JIHHrBHCTnqRH aTJIac KOHlJ,HITHpaH je
Ha OCHOBY OqeKHBaHI1X O.D:rOBopa y .D:OMeHY K.YJITYpe npaBOCJIaBHOr xpmnnaHCTBa, Ha Koja HeonpOTe-
CTaHCKe 3ajeJl:HHlJ,e, rroITYT Ha3apeHCKe y JloKBaMa, HeMajy O.D:fOBOp. IIoKYIIIaj OCBeTJbaBaIba CJIO:JKeHe
Be3e je3HKa, peJIRmje H H.D:eHTHTeTa PYMYHa y baHary rrpe.D:CTaBJba MOHorpacjJHja Duri6-Milovanovi6/
Maran/Sikimi62011.

I KpaTaK HCTOPHjCKH nperne.n: PYMYHa Y cpnCKoM EaHary B. H y: Maran 2009.

2 ,[(el>lOrpal{lcKH nperne.n: PyMYHa Y EaHary no HaCeJbHMa H no nOITHCHMa, ca nperne.n:HHM TafieJIaMa Koje YKIhY'Iyjy H rpa.n:CKa
HaCeJba H ceJIO OB'Ia Koje npHna.n:a rpa.n:y Eeorpa.n:y B. y: Stoit 2009. OCTane .n:eMorpal{lcKe KapaKTepHCTHKe Y OBOj cry.n:Hje
.n:aTe cy TafieJIapHo: fipa'lHO CTal:he, Y3paCT, t.mrpaIJ;HoHa CTpYKTYpa, YKYnaH fipoj CTaHOBHHKa fiaHaTCKHX HaCeJ1a ca
PYMYHCKOM norryJIaIJ;HjoM npeMa CBHM nonHCHMa o.n: 1948 . .n:o .n:aHac.
3 OBaKBO '1Hl:heHH'IHO CTal:he je Ha MapmHHMa H Y HCTOPHjCKHM H eTHorpal{lcKHM CHHTe3aMa nOCBeneHHM Pyt.IYHHMa Y
EaHary: eTHOJIOr MHpjaHa ManyIJ;KOB (1985: 15) CaMO nOMHl:he nocTojal:he Ha3apeHa Meijy PYMYHHMa Y EaHary, HCTOpH'Iap
MHp'la MapaH (Maran 2003) Y CBOM nperne.n:y HCTopHje H KYJIrype PYMYHCKHX HaCeJ1a Y cpncKoM EaHary He nOMHl:he
Ha3apeHe Y JIoKBaMa, a penpe3eHTaTHBHa HCTopHjcKa MOHorpal{lHja 0 PYMYHHMa Y EaHary, HCTOpH'lapa [JIHrOpa I10nH
1993: 2 IO HX Cat.IO Y3rpe.n:Ho nOMHl:he. Y nHTal:hY je HH.D:HBH.D:yanHH pa.n: ca caroBopHHKOM 3fior OCeTJ1HBOCTH TeMe H CTHTh!e
Koja jom YBeK npaTH npHna.n:HHKe ManHX BepcKHX 3aje.n:HHIJ;a Y CpfiHjH; OCHM Y HaCeJ1Y JIoKBe, Pa3roBOPH ca Ha3apeHHMa
cY BoijeHH H Y .n:PymM HaCeJ1HMa EaHaTa (Duri6-Milovanovi6 2009).
 3. TPH PYMYHO<bOHE 3AJE,lUIHII;E

EMTrnPHjCKa rpalja 3a oBaj rrpHJ10r ,n;eo je o6m1Hor TepeHCKor pa,n;a y Cp6HjH H cyce,n;HI1M 3eMJba-
Ma 'IHjH 'PYMYHCKH' ,n;eo rrO'lHlbe 1999. ro,n;HHe. IIpHMelbeHa aHaJIH3a rrOJIa3H o,n; aHTpOrrOJIOlllKO-JIHHr-
BHCTWfKIIX MeTo,n;a H Kpene ce Ka COqnOJIHHrBHCTWfKHM rpaHaMa JIHHrBHCTH'lKe H,n;eOJIOrHje H ,n;OKY-
MeHTOBalbaje3H'lKOr rrej3roKa (Kao Y C'fY.lJJ'IjH Sikimi6 2011). ETHW-IKa Hje3H'lKa rpamma came,n;aBaHa
je Kao rroBe3yjynH <j>aKTop crrOJba H3 HCTproKHBa'IKe rr03IfI.{l'tie. CTY,n;Hje Koje cy Bo,n;HJIe paqyHa 0 CTa-
BOBHMa caMHX caroBOpHHKa, CKOPO pe,n;OBHO cy ce o,lJ;HOCHJ1e Ha rrepu;errrmjy cy6jeKTHBHHX pa3JIHKa
TaM:O r.n;e HX HCTproKHBatUI He 6H TproKHJIH O,lJ;HOCHO, Ou;pTaBaJIe cy 'HecyrepHcaHe' rpaHIfI.{e. IJ;HJbHa
rpyrra TepeHCKor HCTpIDI<HBalba 6HJ1H cy ymaBHoM cTapHjH rrpHIIa,lJ;HIfI.{H JIOKaJIHHX 3aje,n;HHu;a (36or
rrpemOCTaBKe ,n;a 60Jbe qyBajy Tpa.D;IfI.{HjCKY KYJITYPY), roBopmmn CJIOBeHCKHX H PYMYHCKHX JIOKaJIHHX
roBopa: oBaj H360p ,lJ;HKTHpaJIa je je3H'lKa KOMIIeTeHqHja caMHX HCTproKHBaqa. BenHHa pa3rOBOpa 6HJIa
je rronyoTBopeHor THrra ca qnJbeM peKOHCTpyKIUlje Tpa,n;HqnjcKe KYJITYpe, aJIH H rrpHKYIIJbafba Hapa-
THEa Ha JIOKaJIHHM roBOpHMa KaI<O 3a HayqHe TaKO H 3a CBpxe apXHBHpafba. CarOBOpmru:HMa je 'IeCTO
rrperryrrrraHo,n;a caMH o,n;a6epy TeMy pa3rOBOpa Koja HM HajBmrre o.n;rOBapa. 4
TepeHCKa rpalja y OKBHPY l(HmTaJIHOr apXHBa y 3Ha'IajHoj MepH rrOTH'le o,n; cTapHjHX, Mafbe
06pa30BaHHX carOBopHHKa ,n;a 6H ce HCTOBpeMeHO rrOIIITOBaJIH YCJIOBH HeoIIXO.n;HH 3a KJIacH'lHY ,n;Hja-
JIeKTOJIoIIIKY aHaJIH3Y: CBH pa3rOBOpH cy BoljeHH Ha carOBopHHKOBOM rrpBOM je3HKY HJIH ,n;HjaJIeKTY,
OCHM y cny'Iajy caroBopHHKa qHjH je rrpBH je3HK pOMCKH. IIpHMefbeHa KBaJIHTaTHBHa aHaJIH3a IIOKa3a-
JIaje rrocTOjalbe O,lJ;HOca H3Meljy 'o6jeKTHBHHX' H 'JIHHrBHCTHllKHX' pa3JIHKa KOjH ce qaK H ,n;aHac o,n;pa-
)KaBajy Ha ,n;HjaJIeKTOJIOIIII<H CTpaTHlPHKaqnjy H rrocTOjaIne 'cy6jeKTHBHHX' H 'rrepu;eIITHBHX' pa3JIHKa
KOjH Bo,n;e ,n;o JIOKaJIHe HJIH pemOHaJIHe CTpaTHlPHKau;l'tie (Ha rrpHMep, PYMYHH y naHaTY BH.D;e ce Kao
,n;a cy H3 Codru iii Pusta). H3 JIHHrBHCTIflIKe Ta'lKe me.D;HIIITa, OBa CTpaTHlPHKaqnja MO)Ke ce CMaTpaTH
KaO ,n;HCTHHKqnja 'MHMaJIHHX Pa3JIHKa', jep je HajqeIIIne 3aCHOBaHa Ha JIeKCWfKHM rro,n;aIJ;HMa y OKBHPY
HCTor ,n;HjaJIeKTa.
Kao ,n;o,n;aTHa rpalja 3a KOHIJ;eIITYaJIH3aqnjy rpamme y OBOM rrpHJ10ry ce KopHCTe H rro,n;aqn H3
684 aYT06HOrpalPCKHX rrpH'la PYMYHKH H3 naHaTa o6jaBJbeHe y 360rniku Spariosu/Savi6 2011, 6e3 o63Hpa
IIITO ce rrpHJIHKOM pe.D;HrOBalba 3a o6jaBJbHBafbe, y cKJIa.n;y ca rrpHXBaneHoM MeTo,n;OJIOmjoM cepHje y
KOjOj je 360PHHK o6jaBJbeH, o.n;ycTaje o,n; ,n;OCJIOBHOr TpaHCKpHIITa pa3roBopa. OBa ce rpalja 'lHHH Hapo-
'IHTO IIoro,n;HOM 3a aHaJIH3Y H3 ymaje3H'lKe H,n;OJIOrHje 3axBaJLyjynH 'IHfbeHHqn,n;a cy CBH o6jaBJbeHH
HaKHa,lJ;HO HHTepBjyn aYTopH30BaHH.

3.1. AHTpOIIOJIOmKO-JIOHrBOCTOQKe rpaHon:e 0 OrpaHOQelha

3a rroTpe6e aHaJIH3e y ,n;oMeHY aHTpOrrOJIOIIIKe JlIffifBHCTHKe rro,n;eJIa Ha TpH PYMYHolPoHe 3aje,n;-

mme y Cp6HjH 'llIHHJIa Kao Hajrro.n;ecHHja jep caMO OHa oMorynaBa )KeJbeHH KOMIIJIeKCHH rrpHCTYrr y
KOMe 6H 3aje,n;HH'lKa TaqKa 6HO HCTHje3HK, a He pemlmja HJIH eTHMqKH H,n;eHTHTeT. IIo,n;eJIaje, HapaBHO,
HayqHH KOHCTPYKT H BeOMa qeCTO ce He rrOKJIarra ca rrepu;errrmjoM rrpHIIa,D;HHKa OBHX 3aje,lJ;HIfI.{a (yn.
Hedesan 2005, Sorescu-Marinkovi6 2007a, 2007c, Sikimi6 2007). IIpBY rpyny YCJIOBHO 'lHHe pYMY-
HH cprrcKoM ,n;eny HCTopHjcKor naHaTa, y rroKpajHHH BOjBo,n;HHH, ceBepHO o,n; ,[(yHaBa, ,n;OMHHaHTHO
rrpHIIa,n;mmn PYMYHCKe rrpaBOCJIaBHe IJ;pKBe y tUIjoj je ynoTpe6y pelPOpMHCaHH J)'JllijaHcKH KaJIeH,n;ap.
CJIe,n;eny rpyny 'lHHe BJIaCH y Cp6HjH, HaCTalbeHH jJ)KHO o,n; ,[(yHasa, H OHM ,n;OMHHaHTHO rrpHrra.n;HH-
l{H CprrCKe rrpaBOCJIaBHe u;pKBe Koja y 60rOCJIY)Kefby KOPHCTH ymaBHoM u;pKBeHOCJIOBeHCKH je3HK H
j)'JllijaHcKH KaJIeH,n;ap (Ha rrorrncy H3 2002. rO,lJ;HHe KaO BJIaCH H3jaCHHTIO ce 40.054 CTaHOBmIKa Cp-

4 Pe3YlITaTH HCTpIDKHBaH,a ,no6HjeHH TIlMC.KHM TepeHCKHM pa.nOM Ha PYMYHCKOM je3HKy H3ROlKeHH cy y 360PHHKY pa.nOBa 11 Te-
MaTCKOM 6pojy 'laCOfmCa "IllipaMn,na" rrOCBeneHHM je3HKy 11 n,neHTHTeTY DaH,ama Ha DanKaHy (CHKm.mn 2005 H 2011), 3aTl1M
Y 360pHHKy pa.noBa 0 Pyt,I)'HHMa y HaCeJbY TopaK y DaHary (Sorescu-Marinkovic 2006L1), y 6anKaHOROiliKH opHjeHTI1CaHOM
36oPHl1KY pa.noBa "PO~1aHCKH DanKaH" (CHKHMHIVAIIIHn 200~), Kao H Y HH3Y pa.noBa KOjl1 ce 6ase IIIl1pOKHM CrreKTpOM TeMa
rrO'leBiliH o,n PYMYHcKe ,nHjaneKTORornje H ReKCI1Korpaqmje,~ rrpeKo RHHfBI1CTH'lKe amporroRornje CBe ,no $ORKnOpI1CTI1Ke 11
KnaCH'lHe eTHorpa$Hje. AmporroRof H3 TeMHiliBapa, OmRHja Xe,neIIIaH, peKarrHTYRaL(Hjy cBojl1XTepeHcKHX HCTpIDKHBalha
p~I)'HO$OHI1X 3aje,nHHLla 06aBJbeHI1X y Cp6HjH Y rrepl1o,ny 1993-2005 ,nanaje y CTy,llHjl1: Hede~an 2006.
I'"

PYMYHll Y BOJBO,IU1HllI: CYEJEKTIIBHE rPAHMD;E

6Hje). Y Tpeny rpyny ce ycrroBHo )'KJbyqyjy EaFbamHIMie§i KojHMa OKOrrHO CTaHOBHmIITBO rrpI1Illicyje
POMCKH H,ll;eHTHTeT. EaFbaIIIH :>KHBe Ha IIIHPOKOM rro,ll;pyqjy Cp6Hje (OCHM Y j)0KHMM KpajeBHMa H Ha Ko-
COBY), aMory 6HTH BepIDII(H PYMYHCKe rrpaBocrraBHe upKBe (y EaHary), KaTOJIF.[qJ(e upKBe (y Ea'IKoj),
CpnCKe rrpaBocrraBHe upKBe (y ueHTparrHoj Cp6HjH M BenMHCKHM CprrCKHM HaCeJbHMa EaHaTa), aMory
npHna,ll;arn H pa3rrHLIHTHM HeorrpOTeCTaHCKHM BepCKHM 3aje)J;HHuaMa. Ey.uynM ,ll;a 6aIf,aIIIKa 3aje)J;HMUa
HeM a y Cp6HjM cTaryc HaUMOHarrHe MaFbMHe, Pa3YMJbHBO je InTO HeMa HH paCrrOrrO:>KHBHX ,ll;eMOrpa<p-
CKHX rrO,ll;aTKa 0 FbeHOM 6pOjlJaHOM CTaFbY.

3.2. Yp6aHo vs pypaJIHO HJIH KOHTHayyM?

Yp6aHO PYMYHCKO H PYMYHO<pOHO CTaHOBHHIIITBO HHje 6HITO 06yxsaneHo 06aBJbeHHM TepeHcKHM

HCTpmKHBaFbHMa. llirnrBHcTa IIpe,ll;par IIHrrep 2008 ycrrerrrno YKa3yje rrpasau: KOjHM 6H ce Morna KpeTarn
lJaK H KJIaCHt:JHa eTHOJIMHTBMCTHLIKa MCTPmKHBaFba 3aMHTepeCOBaHa 3a rrpOMeHe y Ky.JITypH 3aje)J;HMUe.
IIo,ll;aUH ,ll;06HjeHH y PYParrHHM 3aje,ll;HHUaMa rrOKa3yjy H3MeInTaFbe perraUHje ueHTap : rrepH<pe-
pHja H rrpOIIllipHBaFbe PYMYHCTBa H3 HeKa,ll;aIllFber 'aYTOXTOHor' EaHaTa, t:JHjM je 'ueHTap' rrocrre rrOB-
rralJeFba ,ll;p)l(aBHHX rpaHHUa rrOCTao 'PYParrHH' cprrCKH EaHaT. Je)J;HaKO ce MO)l(e TOBOPHTH 0 rrOJIHUeH-
TPH:QHOCTH 360r rrocTojaIha Tpa,ll;HUHOHaJIHOr yp6aHor ueHTpa y TeMH:IIIBapy, BaH rpaHHUa HeKa,ll;aIIIIhe
JyrocrraBHje M Cp6Hje, KaO H rrpoMeHe FberoBor cTaryca y 3aBHCHOCTH: O,ll; KOHKpeTHHX rromrrw:IKHX
OKOrrHOCTH:. Y TOM CMHCrry Tpe6a rrOCMaTparn cmryc MCTpmKHBalJa KOjH ,ll;Orra3H yrrpaso 113 TeMIDIIBapa
KaO CTapor H HecrropHor KYrrTypHor ueHTpa 3a PYParrHO PYMYHCKO CTaHOBHMIIITBO cprrCKor EaHaTa, aJIH:
H HOBO, cTarycHo 3HalJajHo MecTO HCTpmKHBalJa 113 Eeorpa,ll;a (0 Mecry Eeorpa,ll;a Buric-Milovanovicl
Maran/Sikimic 2011: 111). 3aTO cy ,ll;aHac y rroce6HoM rrorro)l(ajy PYMYHM y BellHM rpa,ll;cKHM ueHTpHMa
EaHaTa y KojHMa (OCHM Y rpa)J;y BPIllUY, y KOMe, rrpeMaIIoIlHcycTaHOBHHIllTBa1132002.ro.ll;MHe )l(HBH
1734 PYMYHa) HeMa PYMYHcKe rrpaBocrraBHe upKBe HM Moryl'iHocrn 3a 06pa30BaFbe Ha PYMYHCKOM je-
3HKY, aJIH 3aTO rrocTOje KYrrrypHe H:HCTHryUH:je: 3aBO,ll; 3a KYrrrypy PYMYHa BojBO,ll;HHe y 3peIhaHHHY,
OCHOBaH 2008. (rrpeMa MCTOM rroIlHcy y 3peIhaHMHY :>KHBH 633 PYMYHa) H H3,ll;aBa'IKa KYna "JIH:6ep- 685
TaTea" y IIaHlJeBY (rrpeMa HCTOM rroIlHcy y IIaHlJeBY :>KHBM 780 PYMYHa).5 3HalJajaH 6poj PYMYHCKHX
MHTerreKryaJIaua:>KHBH y rnaBHOM rpa)J;y rroKpajHHe BojBO)J;H:He, y HOBOM Ca)J;y (rrpeMa rroIlHcy - 815),
Y KOMe rrocTOjH KaTe,ll;pa 3a PYMYHCKH je3HK Ha <PHIT030<pCKOM <paKYJITery (rreKTOpaT 3a PYMYHCKH je3HK
je OCHOBaH 1974. TO,ll;HHe, a rrpBa reHepaUMja cT)'.lJ:eHaTa Ha CT)'.lJ:H:jCKY rpyny 3a PYMYHCKHje3HK H: KIhH:-
)l(eBHOCT YIIHcaHa je IllKorrCKe 1981/82. rO)J;H:He), ueHTparrHe Me,ll;MjcKe KYne Ha PYMYHCKOM je3MKY, aJIH:
He H HaCTaBa pYMYHCKor je3H:Ka Ha HH:>KHM 06pa30BHHM HHBOHMa HHrn PYMYHCKa rrpaBocrraBHa upKBa.
MOHorpa<pMja Spariosu/Savic 2011 ca,ll;p:>KH pa3rOBOpe yrrrasHoM ca yp6aHoM PYMYHCKOM rro-
rryrraUMjoM. 6 l1h60p ,ll;OMMHaHTHO 'yp6aHHX' caroBopHHUaje 6HO rrOrHt:JaH yrrpaso 3aTO IllTO KoayTOp-
Ke MOHorpa<pH:je H: caMe :>KHBe H pa,ll;e y HOBOM Ca)J;y, a rrpO<peCHOHaJIHO cy Be3aHe 3a <PHIT030<pCKH
<paKYJITeT. 3aTO ce y OKBHPY 6Horpa<pCKHX rrpHLIa MOry HallM rrepCOHaJIH:30BaHH rrO,ll;aUM 0 rrperracKY
PYMYHCKHX MHTerreKryarraua 113 rrpeTe:>K.HO PYMYHO<pOHHX pypaJIHI.iX cpe,ll;MHa EaHaTa y HOBH Ca,ll; 360r
rrocrra Be3aHor 3a PYMYHCKH je3H:K H: KYrrrypy: Ha rrpHMep, y pe,ll;aKI(H:jy Pa,ll;Hja HOBH Ca,ll; Ha PYMYHCKOM
je3MKY (Spariosu/Savic 2011: 53, 54,97, 107, 108, 111, 119, 156, 164), Ha KaTe,ll;py 3a PYMYHcKHje3HK
Ha <PHrr030<pcKOM <paKYJITery Y HOBOM Ca)J;y (57-60). CaroBopHHue (yrrraBHoM) OCHOBHO 06pa30BaIhe

5 I10peijefba pa,nH, BenHKa, eTHHqKH KOMnaKTHa PYM)'HCKa cena Y naHal')' HMajy H BHIIIe OLI XHlba,ny CTaHOBHHKa (JIoKBe -
1819, TopaK 1780, Bna,nm.mpoBan: - 1424).
6 I10peLl Kpaner HCTopHjaTa KaTeLlpl! 3a PYMYHCKH je3HK Ha <PHn030ljJCKOM ljJarynTery Y HOBOM Ca,ny, MOHorpaljJHja Ca,nPIKH
H nperneLl n03HaTHX PYMYHKH H3 BojBoLlHHe Y 20 BeKY (o5YXBaneHe cy MaxOM cnHKapKe H KfbHIKeBHHue) H nOLlaTKe 0
PYMYHCKHM lKeHCKHM HeBna,nHHm.l opraHH3aUHjaMa Y naHal')' (y,nPYlKefba H3 Y3L1HHa, JaHKOBOr MOCTa H CeneYIIIa).
)KHBoTHe npHqe PYMYHKH p5YXBaTajy qeTHpH LleKa,ne XX BeKa: Y npBoj rpynH cY Pa3roBOPH ca caroBOpHHUlli.-Ia poijeHHM Y
nepHoLlY 1920-1939; Y LlPyroj nepHOLl 1940-1949, y Tpenoj 1950-1959. H Ha Kpajy je Pa3roBOP cajeLlHoM carOBopHHUOM
poijeHoM nocne 1970. roLlHHe. 3a CBe caroBopHHue je 3ajeLlHH~o Lla cy BeliH Lleo IKHBOTa npoBene y cOUHjanH3MY. OLla6paHe
cy cnHKapKe, KfbHIKeBHHue, HOBHHapKe, npoljJecopKe YHHBep3HTeTa, anH H jeLlHa anTIHHHCTKHFba H jeLlHa LloManHua Y
nHTafbY LlaKne, Hi!.ie CTaTHCTHqKH penpe3eHTaTHBaH Y30PaK, Ben cy nHTa:fbY 6HorpaljJcKe npHqe MaxOM n03HaTHX lKeHa H3
pYM)'HCKe KYnT)'pe H3 BojBoLlHHe.
 3aBprmme y CBOM ceny Ha PYMYHCKOM je3mcy. CenaIba Ha Cpe.L(H:>e 06pa30BaFbe Be3aHa cy 3a PYMYHCKY
rHMHa3Mjy Y BplllI~y (48, 62, 65, 90, 120, 133), O.n;HOCHO Yql'ITeJhcKY llIKOJIY y BPllIQ)', TaKolje Ha
PYMYHCKoMje3mcy (Spariosu/Savic 2011: 66-67, 72, 76-77, 93, 107). IIoje)J;MHe caroBOpHm.:(e rrOMMFbY
CTMIJ;aFbe cpe.n;Fber M BMIIIer 06pa30BaFba y 3peFbamrny Ha cprrcKoM je3mcy (Spariosu/Savic 2011: 146,
152, 163,52), Kao M BMCOKor 06pa30BaFba y beorpa.n;y (Spariosu/Savic 2011: 55, 76, 78, 92, 107, 121,
152). CarOBOpHMIJ;e Koje rrpMITa.n;ajy MJIaljMM reHeparwjaMa rroMMFbY BMCOKO 06pa30BaFbe y HOB OM Ca.n;y
(Spariosu/Savic 2011: 16, 135). BMCOKO 06pa30BaFbe Ha PYMYHCKOM je3mcy cTIflIe ce Y PYMYHMjM, Y
YHMBep3MTeTCKMM QeHTpMMa bYKYpemTa M TeMMllIBapa (Spariosu/Savic 2011: 50-51, 56-57, 91, 94,
104, 147, 154). AKa.n;eMcKa M CBaKa .n;pyra KaPMjepa Be3aHa je 3a rrpeCeJheFbe y rpa.n;oBe M3 PYPaJIHMX
HaCeJha-y HOBM Ca.n; (Spariosu/Savic 2011: 73-74; 94, 122), O.n;HOCHO - y 3pefbaHMH (104).

3.3. KOHn;eHTpUQHU KpyroBu 'PYMYucTBa' U IPJIYII,!J;HOCT rpaHUn;a

,lJ;MHaMJ1l1Ka CJIMKa rrperoBapaFba 0 "PYMYHCTBY" rrOKa3aHa je Ha OCHOBY pe3YJITam TepeHcKor I1C-

TpIDKMBaFba ID 2005. rO)J;MHe Y HaCeJhY MaJIH TopaK Y Cpe.L(H:>eM baHary (Sorescu MapMHKOBMn 20076)
r.n;e je .n;eTaJhFbHO aHaJIH3HpaHa rrpMITa.n;HocT PYMYHCTBY rrpMMeHoM KpMTIflIKe .n;MCKYPC aHaJIIDe M came-
.n;aBa je Kao HM3 KOHQeHTpM'llillX KpyroBa. OBM KpyroBM rrOJIa3e o.n; rropo.n;MQe, CJIe.n;M KPyr PYMyHa M3
JIOKJIaHOr HaCeJha, a Tpeoo KPyr PYMYHCTBa YKJbyqyje HaCeJha y cprrcKoM BaHa'I)' Koja ce Meljyco6Ho Pa3-
JIHKYjy Y 3aBMCHOCTM o.n; JIOKaJIHor rro)J;)J;MjaJIeKTa M o.n;eBHor Ko.n;a. lJeTBpTM KPyr PYMYHcTBa je TPaHcrpa-
HMqHI1, OH yKJhyqyje KaKO PYMYHe M3 cpncKor, TaKO M ID PYMYHcKor baHaTa. PYMYHCKH carOBopHMrw 113
cpnCKor baHaTa MecTO y KOMe iKHBe qeCTO rreplWfIMpajy KaO rrpocTOp CMellITeH IDMeljy )J;Be TepMTopMje,
IDMeljy PYMYHMje M Cp6Mje, Koje ce, orreT, y FbMXOBOM )J;MCKYPCY He .n;OiKHBJhajy KaO )J;Be O)J;BojeHe .n;p:>Ka-
Be (3a BMllIe .n;eTaJha 0 zpaHWlHOM uoeHll1umemy B. CopecQ)' MapMHKOBMn·2006a). TaKO ce maBHM rpa.n;
PYMYHcKor baHam, TeMMIIIBap, qeCTO jaBJha y caroBOpHJ1qJ1HOM )J;McKYPcy (3a pa3JIm<y o.n; 3peFbaHMHa,
Haj6JIM)Ker rpa.n;a y BOjBO)J;MHM, KOjM ce rrOMMFbe caCBMM crropa.n;J1q}Jo, a CKOPO yseK ce MMeHYje caMO KaO
686 "rpa.n;"). 3aKJhyqyje ce .n;aje "TeMMmBap n03HaTM rrpocTOp, aJIM npMJlMqHO y.n;aJheH.n;a 6M 6MO YKJhyqeH y
JlCU60mHU npocmop, OJlU npeocma6fba npocmop npecmu:Jlca. AJIM, .n;OK je noce6Ha PYMYHuja (TeMMIIIBap)
rr03HaTM rrpocTOp, ca KOjMM je M)J;eHTM<j>MKalWja Moryna, PYMJ1Huja yonUl111e rrpe.n;cTaBJha amepMTeT".
OBaKO "McrrperOBapaHM" KOHQeHTPJ1qHJ1 KpyroBM He npe.n;CTaBJhajy YCKO reorpa<j>CKa OrpaHJ1l1eFba Ben cy
rrpe a<j>eKTMBHM MrropO)J;MqHM. Je)J;HaKO TOMe, rpaHm.:(e, rrpeKJIarraFba, rrpeceuaFba rrpOCTOpa o6jeKTMBHO He
nocToje CMHXPOHO Ben .n;MjaxPOHO, OHH ce Ha OKYrry HaJIa3e caMO y .n;HCKYPCY carOBOpHHQe. 7
KopaK .n;aJhe y rrp06JIeMaTIDOBaFbY rpaHMIJ;a TpM pyMyHo<j>OHe 3aje)J;HMIJ;e qJ1HJ1 Annemarie
Sorescu-Marinkovic y cJIe.n;eneM pa.n;y (2007c), Ka.n;a YKa3yje Ha qJ1FbeHHQ)' .n;a y Cp6MjH PYMYHCKI1
je3MK roBope jom HeKe rpyrre, qfIjM je 6poj rrpMITa)J;HMKa TellIKO YTBP)J;HTH. Y ITMTaFbY cy PYMYHCKH
HMMTpaHTH HOBHjer .n;a1)'Ma, KOjH cy y 3HaqajHMjoj MepH CTHrJIM y baHaT M ceBepOHCTOlJHY Cp6Mjy
nOCJIe PYMYHcKe peBOJIYQMje H3 1989. ro.n;MHe Kao H POMM Y PYMYHO<j>OHMM HaCeJhMMa (Kao llITO je PH-
TMIIIeBo), KOjM, 6y.n;ynM BMIIIeje3J1l1HH, rOBope MJIOKaJIHM PYMYHCKM .n;MjaJIeKaT y cBaKo.n;HeBHoj KOMYHM-
KaQHjl1. IIOqeBllIH o.n; nOCJIe.n;Fbe .n;eQeHHje )J;Ba.n;eceTOr BeKa H3 PYMYHHje Kpene 3HaqajaH 6poj pa.n;HMX
MMrpaHaTa. H Cp6Mja (paHHje JyrOCJIaBMja) HaJIa3M Ha JIMCTM 3eMaJha Koje KapaKTepMllIe PYMYHcKe
pa)J;Ha MHrparwja He caMO 360r 6JIH3MHe Ben H ID JIMHrBHCTIflIKHX pa3JIora. AyrOPKa YKa3yje Ha 6pa-
qHe MHrpaQHje (lJHje npe.n;cTaBHMKe Ha3HBa "HOBH PYMYHH") Kao Ha 'HeBH.n;JhHBY MHrpaQHjy': y ceJIa
ceBepOMCTOlJHe Cp6Mje PYMYHKe H3 PYMYHMje .n;OJIa3e Kao ce30HCKa pa)J;Ha CHara H lJeCTO ce 'I)' Tpaj-
HO HacTaFbyjy. IIpoUec CKJIarraFba 6paKoBa ca PYMYHKaMa ID PYMYHMje MMa y BaHa'I)' jom CHa:>KHHjy
Tpa.n;HQMjy. Y COQHOJIMHrBHCTMlJKOM CMHcny 3HaqajaH je H yrl1Qaj HOBHjer npoQeca O)J;JIa3aKa BJIaxa
Ha llIKOJIOBaFbe y PYMYHMjy, rrpogeca KOjH CJIe)J;M Ben YCTaJheHe, BMIIIe.n;eueHHjcKe rrpaBQe llIKOJIOBaFba
PYMYHa H3 baHaTa (Sorescu-Marinkovic 2007c: 869-871).
JOllI je.n;HY 'HeBH.n;JhI1BY' PYMyHO<j>OHY rpyrry y BaHa'I)' rrpe.n;CTaBJhajy eKOHOMCKM MMrpaHTM 113
ceBepOMCTOlJHe Cp6Mje KojMMa je BJIamKM roBOP p);'MYHcKor je3MKa npBM je3MK. OHM ce lJeCTO o.n; CTpa-

7 Sorescu-Marinkovic (2009) 6aBH ce H "eTHHqKHM .upyrHlv!a'~ H3 yma PyMYHa y EaHmy, y rrHTaH,Y cy HeMUH, Cp6H H POMH.
!l>parMeHTapHa CJJHKa rrepuerrunje He~!aua H3 HCTor yma .naTa je H y Sikimic 2006.
'I

PYMYHH Y BOJBO,lJ;HHM: CYEJEKTIffiHE rpAHHIJ;E

He ayr01..'TOHOr pYMYHCKor CTaHOBHIITlITBa o.rqJeljyjy KaO Cp6ujalllfu. Kao 'Cp6HjaHIJ;H' ce y EaHa'I)'

4ecTO o)J.peljyjy H EaI-hallIH, MHrpaHTH H3 ceBepOHCT04He Cp6Hje. HeKOJIHKO TaKBHX rroje)J.HHa4aHHX
CJIY4ajeBa 6HJIO je, HerrJIaHMpaHO, HCTpmKHBaHO mi TepeHY j)0KHor EaHaTa (Ha rrpHMep, y PYMYHCKHM
ceJIHMa CTp8)Ka/Straja H KyrrrrHJb/Co~tei).
Y3 CBe rrOMeHYTe arcrHBHe rOBopHHKe PYMYHCKor je3HKa Tpe6aJIo 6H rrpHKIhy4HTH H je)J.HY rra-
papYMYHocpoHY rpyrry KOjy 'lliHe rrOTOMqH ApYMYHa y Cp6HjH KOjH )J(HBe ,D.HCrrep3HO, yrnaBHoM rro
rpa)J.CKHM HaCeJbHMa, a KO)J. KojHXje y TOR)' cBojeBpCHM rrpo~ec je3H4Ke peBHTaJIH3a~je IbHXOBor '6a-
lIITHH>eHOr je3HKa'. YrrpaBO je y I1aH4eBY, 6aHaTCKOM rpa.n.CKOM HaCeJbY, y TOR)' je3H4Ka peBHTaJI113a-
~ja apYMYHCKor je3HKa y OKBHPY je)J.He HeBJIa,D.HHe OpraH113a~je ("In medias res"), a je3HK rrpe)J.ajy
KBaJIHcpHKoBaHM rrpocpecopH PYMYHcKor je3HKa rrpeMa yr;I6e~Ma H3 PYMYHHje. 8 Y)J.p)')J{eH>e ApYMY-
Ha ("Lunjina"), rrocTojH y rpa.n.y Eeorpa)J.y, a Meljy H>erOBHM 4JIaHOBHMa rrocToje H arcrHBHH rOBopHH~H
apYMYHcKor je3HKa (0 CO~OJIHHrBHCTH4KOj C~ apYMYHcKor je3HKa y Cp6HjH B. I1JIaCKOBHn 2004).

3.4. llperoBapalbe 0 rpaHHD.aIUa: YJIora HCTpIDKHBaqa

YJIory HCTp8)KHBaQa y HerrOCpe)J.Hoj KOHCTp~jH KOMIlJleKCHOr PYMYHcKor H)J.eHTHTeTa y Ea-

HaT)' rrOKa3aneMO Ha rrpHMepy pa3rOBOpa BoljeHor 2005. rO,D.HHe y ceny PHTHIIIeBo. 9 CHHMaK ce qysa
y )J;HrHTaJIHOM apxHBy EaJIKaHOJIOIlIKOr HHcTHTHyra CARY y Eeorpa.n.y, Kao )J.oK)'MeHT PHTHIlIOP 1
EC, A. Y IlHTaIbY je O,D.JIOMaK H3 TpaHCKpHIlTa pa3roBpa KOjH cy BO,D.HJIe HCTpmKHBaLIH EHJbaHa CHKH-
MHn (DC) H OrHJIHja Xe)J.emaH (OX). TpaHcKpHIlT pa3rOBopa: EHJbaHa CHKHMHh; peB113Hja: Annemarie
Sorescu-Marinkovic.
Pa3roBOP je BoljeH y 2005. ro,D.HHe, )J.aKJIe y BpeMe Ka)J.a cy rrocTOjaJIe a,D.MHHHCTpaTHBHe rrperrpe-
Ke 3a KOMYHHKaU;Hjy H3Meljy cprrcKOr H pYMYHcKor )J.eJIa BaHaTa H )J.o6HjaH>e B113a. CaroBopHHK je
MyrnKapau; cpe)J.IbHX rO)J.HHa, PYMYH 113 ceJIa PHTHmeBO y cpe)J.IbeM EaHa'I)' (C). Pa3rOBOp ce BO)J.H
)J.eJIOM Ha cprrcKoM, a )J.eJIOM Ha PYMYHCKOM je3HK)' jep je )J.pyrH HCTp8)KHBaQ (OX), H3 PYMYHHje H He
roBOPH cprrCKH. 687
S: Ne, ovi [Romi u Ritisevu] nisu Banjasi, oni su Banjasi u Ulmi. To je jedna vrsta Cigana kao kod
Apa~ina i, gore prema Somboru. To je jedna druga vrsta Cigana.
BS: A vi znate i za te? Cum ~tifi? [KaKO 3HaTe?]
S: E, kako znam, bio sam. Sarno da Vam objasnim malo. Amfost, va spun romible~ce, ca sa fnfel'eaga ~f
doamna, elector prantru aleierea consiliului nafional al romani/or dan lila. Si ei or vinit da la Apatin, la
Var~el, ligan, napoi cu trei ani. La Var~el in sala Steria sa sara un fnvaJator. Langa Apatin, stafi ca va
spun ~f salu cum fl cheama. [EHO caM, K8)KeM BaM Ha PYMYHCKOM )J.a 6H pa3yMeJIa H rocrrolja, eJIercrop
3a 11360p pYMYHCKor HaU;HOHaJIHOr caBeTa y TOMe. IiI OHM cy )J.OIlIJII1 H3 ArraTHHa y BpIlIau;, II;l1raHH, rrpe
TpH ro)J.HHe. Y Bpma~ y cany CTepHja )J.a Tp8)Ke YLIHTeJba. I1ope)J. ArraTHHa, QeKajTe )J.a BaM K8)KeM H
ceJIO KaKO ce 30Be.]
BS: Vajska.
S: Vajska, a~a. Acolo una-or cadzut rachece dan Croafia. Sf 1'-0 daramat casel'e. Or vinit dupa un
fnvalat01; fn urma cu zece-doi~pe ani 1'-0 murit dasclilu, ~f nu mai aveau dascal. Sf ni~te lagan vel1au
sa ceara dasclil roman ca nu mai ~till romane~ce ~i ei invafau I'imba romana la, Vaisca, in Vaisca.
Avem pana la Sombor, ne ocupam mult ell aceste lucruri ~i cunoa~cem, am fost elector pt'intru consiliu
nalional in doua mandace. [BajcKa, TaKO. TaMo me cy rraJIe paKeTe 113 XpBaTcKe. IiI rropYlIIHJIe 11M K)'ne.
)J;OIlIJIH cy rro YLIHTeJba, rrpe )J.eceT-)J.BaHaeCT ro)J.HHa yMpo HMje yqHTeJb H HMCY BHme HMaJIH yqHTeJba.
11 HeKOJIHKO II;nraHa je )J.omJIO )J.a Tp8)KH PYMYHCKor YLIHTeJba jep BHIIIe He 3Hajy PYMYHCKH, a OHM cy

8 HaCTaBa apYMYHCKor je3F1Kai,[lFijaneKTa nOCTojFl Ben TpFl ro,[lFlHe Kao ,[leo npojeKTa "Open Language Workshop" ca ,[lBa 'laca
He,[leJbHO FI ,[lBa ceMeCTpa ro,[lFillIlhe (,[leTaJbHFljFl nO,[lal.{FI y: Janjic 2011).
9 ITo,[lal.{FI ca nonFica CTaHOBHFlllITBa Fl3 2002. rO,[lFlHe np)')Kajy 0 PFlTFIllIeBY cne,[leny eTHFI'lK)' cnFlK)': O,[l YK)'nHo 509
CTaHOBHFlKa FlMa 367 PYMYHa, 67 POMa, 43 Cp6a, 7 JyrocnoBeHa, 12 Maljapa, 4 XpBaTa FI 9 HeOnpe,[leJbeHFIX.
 · nllJbaHa CllKllMnli

yqH.TIH P)'MYHCKll je3llK y BajcKll, y BajcKll. liIMaMO .D:O COM6opa, MHoro CMO ce 6aBllJIll TllM cTBapmvm
II rro3HajeMo, 6110 CaM JIeKeTOp 3a HaQllOHaJIHll caBeT Y .D:Ba MaH.D:aTa.]
BS: Nu s-au inclus in Uniunea romani/or, da? [Hilcy ce yrrn,Y'fllJIll Y Y.D:PY)J(eIbe P)'MYHa, .D:a?]
S: Ei venau a~a sa, nu, nu infe1egeau, ei venau, ea sa, s-or inclus, erau membri. Aveam Uniunea romani/or,
elimina ni~te legitimafii da romani, eare poaee sa ne apere in institufal'i da stat, ~i instill/fal'i lege
internafionale, ~cifi spatele. Comunitatea romanilor din Serbia. $-aeeste lueruri ne dafacilitaJi prantru
primireavizelor a Romaniei. [OHM cy .D:OJIa3llJIll OBaKO .D:a, HMcypa3YMeJIll, OHll cy .D:OJIa3llJIll.D:a, yKJbytrnJIll
cy ce, 6llJIll cy t:{JIaHOBll. liIMaJIll CMO Y.D:pJ)I(eIbe PYMYHa, Koje 113.D:aje JIerllTllMaQllje PYMYHllMa, Koje
MOry .D:a Hac 3aIIITllTe rrpe.D: .D:p)J(aBHllM llHCTHTYQlljaMa II MeljYHapO.D:HllM llHCTHTyQlljaMa, 3HaTe, llMaMO
JIelja. 3aje):(ffllQa P)'MYHa ll3 Cp6llje. liI Te CTBapll HaM OJIaKIllaBajy .D:06lljaIbe PYMYHCKllX Bll3a.]
OR: $i ligani s-au inclus? [H IJ;llraHll cy ce yKJbytrnJIll?]
s: is inclu~i. Ei spun ea nu-s ligani. $tifi, problema lor este 0 problema dificila. Ei nu raeunose ea-s riga/Ii,
ea vorbase romane~te, nu vorbese figane~te. [YKJbyqeHM cy. OHM Ka)I(J .D:a HMcy IJ;HraHM. 3HaTe, IbllXOB
rrpo6neM je Te)J(aK rrp06JIeM. OHM He rrpll3HajY.D:a cy IJ;llraHM, jep rOBope PYMYHCKll, He rOBope QllraHCKll.]

CarOBopHllKOBO HecrropHO PYMYHCTBO rrOTeHQllpaHO je t:{llIbeHllQOM .D:a je y .D:Ba HaBpam 6110

eneKTOp 3a ll360p P)'MYHcKOr HaQllOHaJIHOr caBeTa II TllMe CTeKao CTaTYC KOMIleTeTHOr llHcaj.D:epa.
Pa3roBOP ca llCTpa)J(llBalfllMa ce BO.lJ:ll 0 naIbammvm ll3 BajcKe y pemoHY na'TKa, KOjll cy 6rrllcKll naIba-
llillMa ll3 cyce.D:HOr 6aHaTcKor cerra YJbMa, .D:aKJ1e 0 'TpeneM', Kojllje O.D:CYTaH II KO HeMa cBOj 'mac'.
Y IlllTaIbY je rrperOBapaIbe 0 IberoBoM eTHll1fKOM ll.D:eHTllTeTY Tffi:jll je P)'MYHCKll je3ll'IKll ll.D:eHTllTeT
HecrropaH ll3a llCTpa)J(llBaqe II 3a caroBopHHKa, PYMYHa ll3 naHaTa. liICTpa)J(llBaq ll3 TeMlllIIBapa (OX)
He rrOpllqe pOMCKll ("QHraHCKll") ll.D:eHTllTeT naIbama H3 BajcKe CBaKaKO Kao .D:eo llCTpa)J(llBalfKe cTpa-
Temje 3a .D:06lljaIbe IIITO BHITIe nO.D:aTaKa O.D: caroBOpHllKa. liICTpa)J(llBaq ll3 neorpa.n:a (EC) rrpe.D:CTaBJba
ce6e KaO rro3HaBaoQa 6aIbaITIKOr IlllTaIba II no rrpHpo.lJ:ll 'aKa.D:eMcKor' rrocrra - Ha TepeHY rrocTaje .D:eo
Hajumpe Moryne cx'BaneHor 'PYMYHCTBa'. fpaHllQe 6aIbamKor 'PYMYHCTBa' rrOCTaBJbajy H HCTPa)J(H-
'."'.'=~="~~ BaTffi: II caroBopHllK: "OHM K~ .D:a HMcy IJ;HraHM", "OHM He rrpll3Hajy .D:ajecy IJ;HraHM". OBaj Pa3roBOP
688 je .D:eo rrpoQeca HeBOJbHOr rrperOBapaIba 0 P)'MYHCKOM ll.D:eHTllTeTY naIbama KOjll je y TOKY rrOCne.lJ:H,llX
.D:eceTaK rO.D:llHa y naHaTY (ll y rroKpajllHll BOjBO.lJ:llHll Kao QeJIllHll), anll He H j),)KHO O.D: ,LtrHaBa r.D:e
rrpaKTllt:{HO Hllje HM3anOqeT.
Rerrocpe.D:HO rrpe Ql{THpaHOr cpparMeHTa pa3rOBOp ce BO.lJ:110 Ha TeMY (HecrropHllX) POMa KOjll
:JKMBe y PHTHIIIeBY. OBll POMll, rrpeMa YBll.D:Y llCTpa:JKMBaqa, II y Meljyco6Hoj HecpopMaJIHoj KOMYHllKa-
Qlljll KopllCTe rrOKaJIHll P)'MYHCKll .lJ:lljaneKaT, aJTH Ta t:{HIbeHllQa HMje oMorynllJIa rrp06rreMaTll3aQlljy
IbllXOBor (pOMCKor) ll.D:eHTllTeTa.
feorpacpCKe rpaHllQe .lJ:llpeKTHO rrOMeHyTe y O.D:a6paHOM cpparMeHTY 03HaqaBa HaCeJbe BajcKa
(3arra.D:Ha rpaHllQa BojBO.lJ:llHe), Kojaje II rpaHllQa rrpeMa XpBaTcKoj, MecTO "r.D:e cy rrane paKeTe TOKOM
pam" .D:eBe.D:eCeTllX rO.D:llHa H rpa.n: BpmaQ, HCTOt:fHa rpaHllQa BOjBO.D:llHe II (cprrCKor .D:erra) naHaTa,
JIOKanHM yp6aHll QeHTap (cana "CTepllja", Kao CBeqaHO MecTO) 3a PYMYHCKY HaQllOHaJIHY 3aje.lJ:HllQy
TOra .D:06a (Tpll ro.lJ:llHe rrpe BpeMeHa BoljeIba pa3rOBOpa, .D:aKJ1e OKO 2002. ro.D:llHe). BajcKa ce y CBaKOM
rrorne.lJ:Y, rra H cTaTYcHo (TaMo )J(llBe naIbanrn:) o.D:peljyje Kao rrepllcpepllja, a II CPll3llt:{Kll ce HaJIa3H Ha
caMoj .D:P)J(aBHoj rpaHllQll. TepllTOpllja ocrropaBaHor 'p)'MYHcTBa' ll.D:e .D:O ceBepa nalfKe ("liIMaMo .D:O
COM6opa"). PaT ce II OBOM Pa3roBOPY Bll.lJ:ll KaO jaKa BpeMeHCKa rpaHllQa, a CJTJ)I(ll3a 60Jbe rrpOCTOPHO
rr03llQHOHHpaIbe HaCeJba BajcKa.
<DnyH.D:HOCT rpaHllQa -ll TO CBllX BpCTa rpaHllQa 0 KojllMa je 6llrro peTffi: y OBOM rrpllJIory, .lJ:llpeKT-
Ha je rrOCJIe.D:llQa rrOBenaHe Mo6HJTHOCTll HCTpa)J(llBaHllX P)'MYHOCPOHllX 3aje):(ffllQa BOjBO.ll:llHe.

5. 3ABPIDHE HAIIOMEHE'

Y HacrrOBY rrpllJIora KOpHITIneH je TepMllH 'cy6jeKTllBHe' rpaHllQe .D:a 6ll ce ll36erna .I(HXOTOMllja:
'aKa.D:eMCKa' H 'He-aKa.D:eMCKa' (O.D:HOCHO - 6e3 aKa.D:erVICKllX rrpeTeH3Hja) TaKcoHoMHja, OBa .D:pyra ce llHa-
qe y JTHHrBHCTHQll H .D:aHac yo6llt:{ajeHo Ha3HBa 'HaHBHa' TaKcoHoMI-tia, IIITO je CBaKaKO H.D:eOrrOITIKll o6ojeH
 PYMYHH Y BOJBO,ll;l1HH: CYEJEKTIIBHE rPAHI1IJ;E

a Tepr-.llfH, .o:O.o:eJbeH ca n03I1lf;1{ja 'aKa.,D:eMCKe' MoltH. HeKOJTIIKO cpaKTopa .o:eJIOBaJIO je Ha CBeCT 0 nOTpe6H
Y06JIW-IaBafba .o:HHaMMtIKe (HHTepaKTHBHe) errMCTeMOJIOrnje Y OKBMPY HajmHpe MOIyne CXBaneHor aHTpo-
nOJIOIDKO-JIMHrBMCTIfIIT<Or TepeHCKor pa.o:a ca pa3~ MaFhMHaMa, aJIM M JIOKaJIHO BenMHCKMM rpy-
naMa. Henocpe.o:aH TMMCKM pa.o: ca eTHMtIKM KOMTIJIeKCHMM pypaJIHMM 3aje.D;HMIJ;aMa baHaTa, M rroce6Ho
fberoBHM PYMYHOCPOHMM 3aje.o:HMl(aMa, .o:oBeo je .0:0 peBH3Mje YHarrpeft rrOCTaBJbeHMX 'HaYIffiMX' CTaBOBa.
I AHaJIM30M pa3rOBOpa Ha TepeHY .o:06HjeHe cY MHcpopMal(Mje KaO pe3y.rrraT nperoBapaFha, cy6jeKTMBHe M
cpparMeHTapHe, aJIM je pe3YJITaT, HecnopHo, JJ:MHaMMtIKa ' CJIMKa'. Ha CTaJIHO YCJIO)KfhaBaFhe M JJ:MHaMM3aM
, CJIHKe' (KaO rrpHBpeMeHo cpHKCMpaHor CTafba) YTMl(aJIa je rrpMMeFheHa MeTO.o:a 3aje.o:HMQKOr TepeHcKor MC-
TpIDKMBaFha: yqemne Y TMMY MCTpffiKMBaQa He caMO M3 pa3JIMqMTor nOJIa, Y3paCTa, 3HaFha je3MKa, HayqHor
6eKparyH.o:a Ben M eTHMqKor nopeKJIa. be3 063Mpa Ha TO liTO ce Ha TepeHY TMM 0.0: CTpaHe caroBOpHMKa
QeCTO .o:OiKMBJbaBa KaO je.o:Ha l(eJIMHa, .o:MHaMMqKa eITMCTeMOJIOrnja Moryna je M 360r CMHXpOHor rrpMJIa-
rotjaBafba MCTpffiKMBaHe 3ajeJJ:HMl(e pa3.JlM1lliTMM MCTpIDKMBatruMa. CJIe.o:enM B8JKaH tIMHI1JIal(je caBpeMeHM
JIOKaJIHM KOHTeKCT KOjM ce Y MCTpffiKMBaHoj pypaJIHoj 3ajeJJ:HMl(M MO:>Ke pa3JTIIKOBam 0.0: KYne .0:0 KYne.
MorynHoCT yrrOpe.o:MBMX MCTpffiKMBafba Y yp6aHMM 3aje.o:HI1l(aMa CBO.o:M ce Ha cnyqajHoCT: cpparMeHTMca-
HOCT MaThIlliCKMX 3ajeJJ:HI1l(a Y caBpeMeHMM yp6aHMM 3ajeJJ:HI1l(aMa oMorynaBa pa.o: caMO ca MCTpIDKMBaqy
rr03HaTHM MJIH rrOJIHT~H!ICYJITYPHO aHa:>KOBaHHM rroje.o:HHl(MMa, CBe OBe OKOJIHOCTH 3aje.o:HO HeMHHOBHO
.o:OBo.o:e .0:0 ayTOl(eH3ype ca.o:p:>Kaja pa3roBopa H ayroKOpeKl(Mje TheHOr je3MtIKOr M3pa3a: caMO je.o:aH KopaK
.0:0 6pHCaTha CBMX cy6jeKTMBIDlX rpaHI1l(a carOBOpHMKa Ha TepeHY.

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Biljana Sikimic 691

ROMANIANS IN VOJVODINA: SUBJECTIVE BORDERS

Summary

This paper deals with the actual dynamics of learning from various experiences gained in field research in
Romanian speaking communities in Serbia. On the other hand, due to the rising problem of "Romanianness", the
geographical borders of the Serbian part of historic Banat will be crossed in several directions: towards the east,
Romanian part of historic Banat, then in Serbia towards the south, across the Danube River to the area inhabited
by the Romanian speaking Vlachs of northeast Serbia, and towards the west, across the Tisa River up to Backa, an
area inhabited by the Romanian speaking Bayash.
It was oniy in the early 21't century that anthropologically inclined researchers: Otilia Hede~an, Annemarie
Sorescu-Marinkovic and the author of this article, begin to write of "three groups of Romanian language speakers"
in Serbia (Romanians of the Banat, Vlachs of northeast Serbia and the Bayash). Following direct encounters in the
field, Sorescu-Marinkovic expands these three "Romanian speaking" groups into women from Romania married in
Serbia and - mainly seasonal- migrant workers from Romania, while Sikimic adds bilingual Roma in Romanian
Banat settlements to the Romanian language domain. The paper concludes by showing how a Romanian identity
is "negotiated" in transcripts of a field interview carried out in the Romanian village of Ritisevo/Riti~or in the
Banat. Auto-reflexivity and insight into the immediate influence of the researcher on his/her collocutor is one
characteristic of the analytical method used by the entire research team from the Institute for Balkan Studies, and
is part of conscious movement in the direction of dynamic epistemolOgy.

Biljana Sikimic
Institute for Balkan Studies of SASA
biljana.sikimie@bi.sanu.ae.rs