Synthesis:

Carbohydrates
glycogenesis
the process of carbohydrate metabolism that converts glucose into glycogen (the process of
formation of glycogen from glucose) stages:
1. the glucose into glucose-6-phosphate in the help of the enzyme glukokinase, as well as
get an extra energy from ATP and phosphate.
2. glucose-6-phosphate reacts with glukomutase enzymes into glucose-1-phosphate
3. glucose-1-phosphate reacts with UTP dikatalis by uridin trasferase and menghasilakan
UDP-glucose (uridin diphosphate glucose) & PPi (pyrophosphate).
4. the condensation between glucose & UDP-glucose in glycogen primer chain which then
generate new glukogen chain with 1 extra glucose units
Glycolysis
Decomposition of carbohydrates into pyruvate generated metabolism of glucose. aerobic
Glycolysis process resulting pyruvate & glikosis on the process of anaerobic pyruvate via
lactate produced gluconeogenesis is the pembentuka of glucose from pyruvate.
Citric acid cyclical
the pyruvate into lactic acid build change, most acetate & ethanol. particular acetic Acetyl
Coenzyme-A converted back in the trikarboksilat.
Lipid

Lipogenesis
 Lipogenesis is the formation of fat (not fat food into body fat). Lipogenesis process with
regard to the conversion of glucose and intermediates (pyruvate, lactate, and acetyl-CoA)
became fat, is anabolic phase. Nutritional status of the organism and tissue is the main
factor that controls lipogenesis. Synthesis of long chain fatty acids are controlled by
Covalent modification alosterik, enzymes, changes in the speed of sistesis and degradation
of the enzyme. The reaction that limit speed in lipogenik are acetyl-CoA karboksilase.
Molecule of acyl-Coa chain length inhibit acetyl-CoA by competing with activators
karboksilase citrate.
Lipolysis

Lipolysis is the breakdown or decomposition of fat.Carbohydrates are converted

into trigliserol before it is used as energy. Trigliserid lipoprotein in kilomikron or
VLDL can not be taken by the network but must first undergo hydrolysis by
lipoprotein lipase for forming free fatty acids and glycerol. The freed fatty acids
taken up by tissues into acetyl-CoA and re-esterification with glycerol into
trigliserid.Balance in esterification and lipolysis activity determine the speed the
release of free fatty acids. (bothaim, 2009).
Dapus:
Botham, K.M. and Mayes, P.A. 2009a. Bioenergetika & Metabolisme Karbohidrat & Lipid. In:
Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., and Rodwell, V. W. eds. Biokimia Harper. 27th ed. Jakarta: EGC,