Analytical Contaminant Transport Analysis System: Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, PH.D

Destino y Transporte de Contaminantes
Analytical Contaminant
Transport Analysis System
ACTS
http://mesl.ce.gatech.edu/SHARE/acts/acts.htm
Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

CAPABILITIES OF ACTS SOFTWARE

• Simulation of emission rates from a source.
• Simulation of contaminant dispersion in the air
pathway.
• Simulation of one-dimensional unsaturated zone
transport.
• Simulation of one, two and three-dimensional
saturated zone transport with constant and
variable dispersivity models.
• Simulation of in-stream or estuary concentrations
due to contaminant loading using several surface
water mixing models.
SURFACE WATER
• Transformation and transport processes in
surface water bodies are mostly dominated by
advection, except for reservoirs and lakes where
diffusion processes may become important.
• Transport and spread of contaminants is
controlled by:
– Advective and diffusive transport
– Intermedia transfer (adsportion, desorption,
precipitation, dissolution, volatilization)
– Chemical decay and transformation

SURFACE WATER PATHWAY MODELS



NEAR-FIELD MIXING
• The quantity of the effluent is small and the
receiving water body is relatively large.
• Rapid initial mixing by the discharge structure
(high level of turbulence).
• Mixing occurs over short distances (10 to 100
times the characteristic discharge dimension).
• Large dilutions on the order of 10 to 100 can
be achieved.

FAR-FIELD MIXING
• Fate of a contaminant is determined by
transport and diffusion processes.
• Much longer distances and time frames must
be considered.

Example Surface Water

Un accidente resulta en un derrame de 10 kg de un
contaminante a una quebrada que tiene un flujo
volumétrico de 3m3/s y un área transversal al
flujo de 10 m2. La dispersión del contaminante en
la dirección del flujo se presenta con un
coeficiente de dispersión de 0.5 m2/s. El
contaminante se degrada de acuerdo a una
cinética de primer orden con una velocidad de
reacción k=2 d-1. Estimar y graficar la
concentración del contaminante aguas abajo del
derrame luego de 30 minutos y 2 horas de
ocurrido el accidente.
Solución
Aplicación ecuación A.D.R. Taller 5 punto 3
7,0
t=30min t=2h
6,0
5,0
Solución analítica
4,0
c (mg/L)
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
0 1000 2000 3000
Concentración en función de t & x x (m)




AIR PATHWAY

AIR PATHWAY

EMISSION MODEL: FARMER’S

EMISSION MODEL: THIBODEAUX-HWANG

EMISSION MODEL: JURY

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: BOX

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: BOX

• Equilibrium model does not account for the
decrease in concentration with distance or
over the height.
• It is assumed that all volatile emissions enter
the box and none are blown in a direction
away from the receptor.
• cannot be used for receptors located at large
distances away from the source
• Tend to overestimate concentrations in air.

BOX MODEL EXAMPLE

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: GAUSSIAN

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: GAUSSIAN

• The distribution of chemicals within the plume
is Gaussian in the vertical and crosswind
directions.
• Longitudinal (downwind) dispersion is
negligible.
• No deposition of chemicals or particles occurs
during transport.
• The model assumes a flat terrain.

GAUSSIAN EXAMPLE
• Se ha estimado que la emisión de metanol de una
industria es de 1.41 g/hora. Estimar la
concentración de metanol a lo largo de la línea
central de la pluma y a 3km de distancia si la
velocidad del viento es de 2.0 m/s. Asumir una
estabilidad atmosférica tipo A. La chimenea tiene
una altura de 10m, diámetro 1.0m, una velocidad
de salida de gases de 10 m/s y una temperatura
de 327 ⁰C. La presión ambiental es de 95 kPa y la
temperatura ambiental de 27 ⁰C. La altura de
capa de mezcla se puede asumir como 10m.

GAUSSIAN EXAMPLE

GAUSSIAN EXAMPLE

GAUSSIAN EXAMPLE

GROUNDWATER PATHWAY

GROUNDWATER PATHWAY MODELS



One dimensional constant flux

groundwater

Two dimensional flow

FINITE & INFINITE AQUIFER

• Finite aquifer: the boundaries perpendicular
to the flow direction are close to the
contaminant source so they have an effect on
the contaminant concentration.
• Infinite aquifer: the boundary effects are
negligible.

EXAMPLE AQUIFER
Contamination of an aquifer has occurred due to a spill of
2,4-dinitrotoluene over an area of 50 m2 (10mx5m) at a
concentration of 1.000 mg/L. The aquifer has a
porosity of 35% and a bulk soil density of 1.6 g/cm3.
The effective aquifer thickness is 10m and the
infiltration rate is 0.0005 m/day. It is estimated that the
Darcy velocity in the aquifer is about 0.8 m/day and the
longitudinal dispersion coefficient is 1.6 m2/day. 2,4-
dinitrotoluene has a distribution coefficient of 2.5 mL/g
and a first-order reaction rate t1/2=40 days. After one
year of extensive soil excavation, the contaminant
source area is completely removed from the aquifer.
Estimate the extent of the contaminant plume in the
aquifer remaining and analyze the migration pattern.




Contaminant plume at t=200 days



Contaminant plume at y=25m as

function of x

Analytical Contaminant Transport Analysis System: Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, PH.D

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Destino y Transporte de Contaminantes

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

CAPABILITIES OF ACTS SOFTWARE

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

SURFACE WATER PATHWAY MODELS

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

SURFACE WATER PATHWAY MODELS

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

SURFACE WATER PATHWAY MODELS

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Example Surface Water

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Example Surface Water

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Example Surface Water

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Example Surface Water

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

EMISSION MODEL: FARMER’S

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

EMISSION MODEL: THIBODEAUX-HWANG

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

EMISSION MODEL: JURY

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: BOX

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: BOX

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

BOX MODEL EXAMPLE

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: GAUSSIAN

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

AIR DISPERSION MODEL: GAUSSIAN

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

GROUNDWATER PATHWAY MODELS

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

GROUNDWATER PATHWAY MODELS

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

GROUNDWATER PATHWAY MODELS

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

One dimensional constant flux

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Two dimensional flow

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

FINITE & INFINITE AQUIFER

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Contaminant plume at t=200 days

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.

Contaminant plume at t=500 days

Prof. Jorge E. Pachon, Ph.D.