1.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF DRILLBYTE

DrillByte is a totally integrated information management system incorporating real-time drilling

and geological operation monitoring, encompressing the complete scope of multiple source data
collection and intergration. It includes a suits of applications for the planing, analysis and
optimization of operation, resulting in significant increasing efficiency. Its scalability allows it to
be configured to meet varying needs, from a single user workstation at the well site to a fully-
networked, multi-rig and office-based system.
DrillByte enhances the decision—making process by providing data acquisition and
management in three key areas: Drilling Optimization—acquire, store, present, interpret and
transmit drilling data to optimize the drilling process. Geology—sample and analyze drill
cuttings and hydrocarbons for enhanced formation evaluation. Safety—formation pressure
evaluation, gas detection, monitoring safety parameters.

2. DRILLBYTE LOGGING UNIT :

The logging unit consist of a skid mounted cabin, pressurized and fully air conditioned with
escape hatch, designed and constructed to accommodate all equipment necessary to provide the
geological and drilling service, adequate working space is available to Company Geologist and
Supervisor. All equipment which will exposed in the dangeous zone were intrinsically safe or
explosion proof and the unit in conformity with local safety codes.

 Unit dimension is 24ft  8ft  9ft, Gross weight is 22.5 kilo pound.
 Emergency escape hatch and double door airlock entry.
 Unit power is obtained from 440/380/220 volt, 3 phase, 60 Hz, 30 kVA source provided
by Drilling Rig.
 A safety system, including an explosion proof pressurization system, a smoke detector, a
poisonous gas alarm and logical control auto power shut down system, etc, is provided
to ensure the standard of HSE and satisfy the requirements of national and international
regulatory authorities.
 Two super air-conditions to maintain stable temperature within the unit.
 Adequate storage space for replacement spare parts and supplies.
 Adequate working space is provided for Company Representative in addition to
Contractor's personnel.
 UPS System to provide continuous source of precise power to supply power without
interruption in the event of main power failure for continuous 60 minutes.
 Two extinguishers are equipped for fire.

3. STANDARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

3.1. Formation Evaluation

3.11 Binocular Microscope
3.12 Analytical balance
3.13 Fluoroscope

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 3.14 Cutting SievesChemical products for
-Calcimetry
-Alizarin S test
-Sulphate test
-Extractions with solvent for show determination
3.15 Drying Oven
3.16 Calcimetry Apparatus
3.17 Other Standard Material
-Cutting trays, cutting pots, trowel for cuttings
-Tweezers and mounted needles
-Alveolus plates
-Watch glasses
-Mortar, pestle, spatula
-Erlenmeyer, test tubes ,graduated tubes
-Stationery
-Tools
-Cloth bags
-Plastic bags
-Paper bags

3.2 Gas Detecting System

3.2.1 Chromatograph of Flame Ionization Detection (FID) type detector

3.2.1.1 Measuring System
-Sensor type: FID
-Type of analysis: chromatographic analysis from C1-nC5 (in ppm or
%).
3.2.1.2 Measurement Quality
-Range: 0 - 100%
-Accuracy: ±1PPM
-Cycle time: less than 3 minutes
-Sensitivity: 1 ppm
3.2.1.3 Calibration
-Type: stop-watch for identification of gas and injection with known
quantity of gas
-Time interval: daily and/or each trip
3.2.1.4 Maintenance
-Scheduled time interval: daily inspection
3.2.1.5 Data Presentation
-Recording on recorder and computer.
-Scale: as per gas detector
-Resolution: +2%
3.2.1.6 Alarms
-Type: visual and audible

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3.2.2 Total hydrocarbon detection
3.2.2.1 Measuring System
-Sensor type: FID
-Type of analysis: Total hydrocarbon gas continuous measure (in methane
equivalent units).
3.2.2.2 Measurement Quality
-Range: 0-1%, 0-5%, 0-10% and 0 - 100% 4 range
-Accuracy: +1ppm
- Response Time: less then 1 minuets
3.2.2.3 Calibration
-Type: injection with known quantity of gas
-Time interval: daily and/or each trip according to company requirement
3.2.2.4 Maintenance
-Scheduled time interval: Checking flows line (purge test) every trip,
checking dissecant every day
3.2.2.5 Data Presentation
-Recording on recorder and computer
-Range: 0 - 100%
-Scale: never less than 3 scales (the first sensitivity scale is 0 - 5%)
-Resolution: +2%
3.2.2.6 Alarms
-Type: visual and audible, adjustable

3.2.3 H2S Detector

3.2.3.1 Measuring System
-Sensor type: H2S specific, solid state, diffusion absorption type
(General Monitor type)
3.2.3.2 Measurement Quality
-Range: 0 -100ppm
-Accuracy: ±1 ppm
-Sensitivity: 1ppm
-Response time: less than 10 sec. for the maximum value
-Sensor No.: 4
3.2.3.3 Calibration
-Type: manually with ampoules at different H2S Concentration
-Time interval: weekly
3.2.3.4 Maintenance
-Scheduled time interval: checking sensor every week and alarms,
general inspection every day.
3.2.3.5 Data Presentation
-Recording on recorder
-Range: 0 - 100 ppm
-Scale: 0 - 100 ppm
-Resolution: ±1ppm

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 3.2.3.6 Alarms
-Type: visual and audible, adjustable, high and low level (10 and 20 ppm).

3.24 CO2 Detector

3.2.4.1 Measuring system
-Sensor type: infrared

3.2.4.2 Measuring Quality

- Range: 0-10% and 0 - 100%
- Accuracy: + 1% full
- Response: as per gas detector

3.2.4.3 Calibration
-Type: manual injection
-Time interval: weekly

3.2.4.4 Maintenance
-Scheduled time interval: general inspection every trip

3.2.4.5 Alarms
-Type: visual and audible adjustable, high and low level

3.3 MUDLOGGING PARAMETER MONITORING SRSTEM

3.3.1 Hook movements / Bit Depth

A continuous monitoring system to measure the kelly height from rotary table and the
hook motion to provide input for rate of penetration and total depth computation. The
sensor allow a continuous computation of the output parameters to computer and recorder
while drilling and tripping. Frequency of computation shall be controlled at fixed time
and/or depth intervals.
-Units: feet or meters
-Sensor type: shaft encoder
-Range: 0 - 40 meters
-System sensitivity: 0.01 meters
-Accuracy: ±1cm

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3.3.2 Rotary Speed

A continuous monitoring system to sense and calculate the rotary table revolutions per
minute.
-Output to record and computer
-Sensor type: proximity switch
-Units: rpm
-Range: 0 - 400 rpm/min
-System accuracy: + 1%.
-Accuracy: ±1rpm

3.3.3 Rotary Torque

A continuous monitoring system to measure the torque delivered to the rotary table.
-Sensor type: current clamp
-Units: amp
-Range: 1 – 1000 amp
-System accuracy: +1am/s.

3.3.4 Hook Load

A continuous monitoring system to measure the amount of weight suspended fromthe
drilling hook and calculate the weight on bit by difference. The sensor is attached to the
standard rig equipment,

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 -Output to recorder and computer
-Sensor type: pressure
-Units: Kilopounds or M.Tons
-Range: 0 - 600 tones or 0 - 1300
Kilopounds
-System accuracy: +200ibs.

3.3.5 Pump Strokes

A continuous monitoring system to measure the strokes per minute for each operating.
-Output to recorder and computer
-Sensor type: micro switch
-Units: spm
-Range: 0-400spm.
-System accuracy: + 1spm

Note: Mud Flow In is calculated by stoke per minute multiply pump volume.

3.3.5 Mud Pit Volume

It is about eight sensors. A continuous monitoring system to measure the level of the
drilling fluid in each single pit and to compute the active and total mud volume and
relevant variations. An alarm system (visual and audio) shall be always activated to advise
for any detected volume variation (minimum: 200lt).
A similar monitoring system shall be installed on the trip tank to indicate any possible
difference on the fill in/return mud.
-Output: recorder and computer.
-Sensor type: variable resistivity
-Units: barrels or cubic meters
-Range: 0 - 3600 bbls or 0 - 600 c. m
-System sensitivity: 0.100 cm
-Accuracy: ±1 liter

3.3.7 Mud Flow Out

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 A continuous monitoring system to measure the mud flow out rate to be compared with the
computed flow in (pump rate). An alarm system
(visual and audio) shall be always activated to
advise for any Significant flow in and flow out
difference,

-Output: recorder and computer

-Sensor type: padle
-Range: 0-100%
-System accuracy: ±0.01fs

3.3.8 Mud Weight In/Out

-Output: recorder and computer

-Sensor type: deferential pressure transducer

-Units: ppg or kg/lt
-Range: 0 - 21ppg or 0 - 2.5 kg/lt
-System accuracy: ±0.01sg

3.3.9 Standpipe pressure

A continuous monitoring system to measure
the pressure on the standpipe. The transducer
shall be completely independent from the
system installed by Drilling Contractor.

-Output to Chart recorder and computer

-Sensor type: pressure

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 -Units: bar or psi or Kilo Pascal
-Range: 0 - 8500 psi or 0 - 600 bar
-System accuracy: ±1psi or equivalent at full scale.

3.3.10 Casing Pressure

A monitoring system to measure the casing pressure when one of the BOP is close. The
transducer be installed by means of adequate fittings between the casing and the choke
manifolds and shall be independent from the system installed by Drilling Contractor
-Output to recorder and computer
-Sensor type: pressure
-Units: psi or bar or Kilo Pascal
-Range: 600 bar
-System accuracy: ±1fs

3.3.11 Mud Conductivity In/Out

The mud resistivity system utilizes two sensors
to measure conductivity of the drilling fluid in and
out of the hole. The electrodeless conductivity
sensors measure an induced current in a loop of the
fluid. The sensors are interfaced to the mud
resistivity panel for calibration, conversion to
resistivity and data display. This panel is interfaced
to the data acquisition system.

Delta mud resistivity can be computed and the mud resistivity lagged when the data is
transferred to the XLBASE system.
Mud resistivity in sensor is located in the suction pit.
Mud resistivity out sensor is located in the possum belly or mud ditch.

-Output to recorder and computer

-Sensor type: induced current
-System accuracy: ±1% fs

3.3.12 Mud Temperature In/Out

-Output to recorder and computer
-Sensor type: plantinum resstur
-Units: deg
-System accuracy: ±0.1deg

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 PARAMETERS TO BE MEASURED

MINIMUM
PARAMETER TO BE MEASURED SENSOR TYPE
ACCURACY

BIT DEPTH (1) ROP/TD ENCODER ±1 cm SENSOR

HOOKLOAD TRANSDUCER ±200 lbs Pressure

ROTARY SPEED ±1 rpm Proximity switch

ROTARY TORQUE ±1 am/s Current clamp

PIT VOLUME AND PVT ±1 liter Sonic

TRIP TANK VOLUME ±1 liter Sonic

PUMP RATES ±1 spm Micro switch

STANDPIPE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER ±1 psi Pressure

CASING PRESSURE TRANSDUCER ±1 psi Pressure

Deferential
MUD WEIGHT IN/OUT ±0.01 sg
Pressure Transducer
MUD TEMPERATURE IN/OUT ±0.1 deg Platinum resstur

MUD RESYSTIVITY IN/OUT ±1% fs Induced current

MUD FLOW IN ±1% fs Calculated value

MUD FLOW OUT ±1% fs Paddle

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE ±1 ppm Semi-conductor

TOTAL GAS ±1 ppm Gaslogger FID

CHROMATOGRAPH ±1 ppm Gaslogger FID

4. COMPUTER SYSTE
4.1 Hard Ware
4.1.1 DrillByte Workstations
Two Sparcs (1,1+2) are installed to ensure complete built in redundancy. Each Sparc is
equipped with a 25 mips SUN Sparc processor and 32 to 40 Mbyte of RAM, this can be
expanded to 64 mbyte as required. Two 525 Mbyte harddisks and a single 3 1/2 inch (1.44
mb/720kb)diskette drive are also fitted. Communication with other equipment within the
unit is available via the ethernet, Small computer System Interface (SCSI) or Serial
(RS232) interfaces. Long term storage of workstation software and system data is

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achieved by using a 150Mb(QIC format) 1/4 inch tape drive that is connected to the
Sparcs via their SCS1 interfaces.

4.1.2 Terminal Servers (Emulex)

Two terminal servers are fitted to ensure complete built in redundancy. Each terminal
server is connected to the DrillByte workstation computers via the high speed Ethernet
network interface.
The terminal server provides multiple serial data ports to permit serial equipment to be
connected to the network. Each terminal provides:
 16 Serial Ports with 300 to 38,400 baud
 1 Parallel Port

4.1.3 Terminals
Various types of terminals can be connected to the DrillByte System, either on serial or
parallel ports depending upon the printer or plotter configuration.

4.1.4 Chart Recorders

The DrillByte System uses the latest state of the art recorders that provide continuous
analogue traces of sensor input data. The chart recorders are independent of the DrillByte
computer and therefore provide an important backup and data acquisition feature in the
unlikely event of total computer failure.

4.1.5 System Function Monitor

The System Function Monitor, SFM, is a multi-purpose modular instrument that
monitors the primary functions of the DrillByte System, e.g. Gas Analysis, Pneumatics,
Air Conditioning, and UPS conditions. In the event a parameter of a primary function
deviates from its normal operating level, the SFM will activate an audible alarm and a
visual indication.

4.1.6 P&F Rack

A P& F Rack houses Barrier Cards that isolate the external sensory circuits from the
DrillByte circuits, called Intrinsic Safety(IS). This allows sensory response signals to be
generated within hazardous areas without degrading the safety of the rig. There can be
more than one P&F Rack fitted to a DrillByte Unit. All junctions boxes associated with an
IS circuit are titled JB-IS-XX, where XX is the number identifying the junction box.

4.1.7 Analogue Patch Panel

An Analogue Patch Panel takes analogue signals from the Gas Analysis equipment and
SFM, and routes them to the chart recorders and Data Acquisition Unit(DAQ).

Data Acquisition Unit (DAQ)- The DAQ takes digital and analogue signals routed to it
by the Analogue Patch and converts and conditions them to a digital signal. The digital
signals are then passed via the Ethernet network to the DrillByte computers.

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 4.1.8 Gas Analysis Equipment
The DrillByte Unit is fitted with highly sophisticated gas sampling and analysis
equipment that is capable of detecting hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide
gases within the sample ditch gases and the returned mud.
We use FID Chromatograph based on a Hewlett Packard 5890, and customized by HP
exclusively for INTEQ as a dual detector system, linking Total Gas and Chromatography,
with 40 second and 2.8 minute cycle options, an HP3397 Integrator interfaced to
DrillByte, and able to accept 100% sample without dilution, allowing simplification of
the sample pneumatics system.
Hydrogen System- The gas analysis equipment utilizes pure hydrogen gas which is
produced within the DrillByte Units' two hydrogen generators that are fed from a pure
water supply.

4.1.9 Shutdown System

In the event of a hydrocarbon gas detection, smoke detection or manual emergency
press, the shutdown system will remove power from the interior of the DrillByte Unit and
stop the pressurization blower from operating. In the event of a low internal DrillByte
Unit air pressure, the shutdown system will remove power from the interior of the unit but
the blower motor will remain powered.

4.1.10 Circuit Breaker Unit

All circuits within the interior of the DrillByte Unit are connected to individual circuit
breakers within the Circuit Breaker Unit. The required voltages are routed to the Circuit
Breaker from the Main Power Transformer, the input of which is switched via a main
breaker within the Circuit Breaker Box.
4.1.11 Air Conditioners
A DrillByte Unit is fitted with two air conditioners, ACU1 and ACU2, that condition
the air within the backroom and main cabin respectively. Thermostats in their respective
rooms control the air conditioners and ACU1 is also controlled by a hydrostat in the
backroom only.

4.1.12 Communications
All communication links with the rig are made to junction boxes titled JB-SIG-XX,
where XX is the box identifying number.

4.2 Soft Ware

DrillByte has a very powerful software. It include two subsystem: date acquisition system
and data storage system. The Data Acquisition Subsystem provides a framework for the
collection of real-time sensor data. During drilling, This subsystem accumulates essential
information using high data rate sampling from surface. The Information Workstation
Subsystem control the Database integration, analysis, management, and outputs. By using
the Wellsite Information Transfer Specification (WITS), data from many sources can be
combined to give a complete picture of the well’s status during drilling.

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 Data are provided in a format that can be interpreted easily and quickly for on the spot
decision making. An interactive graphics interface makes local or remote use easier, making
more time available for interpretation and evaluation. Advanced engineering and geological
applications facilitate data processing and enhance the evaluation process.
Use of the Unix Operating System and the WITS information transfer protocol results in
r apid data communication links between Drillbyte and various data sources. Data can be
transferred in real-time or batch model, during and after the drilling of the well. The
Information Workstation Subsystem has the following functions:
 Drilling, engineering and geological information storage
 Real-time data monitoring with automatic rig status logic
 Real-time data rdcording directly to central database
 "Smart" alarm
 Alphanumeric and graphic displays
 Online/offline plot and print
 Remote intelligent terminals for user access
 Data communication in real-time or batch mode
 Report generator
 Engineering applications
- Mud Hydrolic
- Bit hydrolics optimization
- Swab and surge
- Drilling Exponent
- Well control
- Casing and Cementing

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