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El mapa de expansiones
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Geografia
• Perú es mas conocido como la tierra de los Incas. Tiene una área de
1,285,216 Km. cuadrados, y esta situado en la costa del Pacifico, en la
parte norte central de Sud America.
• Perú es el tercer país mas grande de Sud America, detrás solo de Brasil y
Argentina. Perú es considerado un país tropical. Perú tiene tres regiones
bien marcadas, una delgada zona costera, las montañas de los Andes de
mayor anchura, y la zona forestal del Amazonas.
• Los ríos corren desde el este hacia el oeste, deslizándose hacia abajo con
taludes bien inclinados lo que hace que los ríos sean torrentosos. En estas
valles se encuentran los mayores centros de agricultura.
Historia
• La famosa civilización Inca solo es una parte de toda la
Arqueología Peruana. Antes de los Incas, Perú tuvo las
culturas PRE-Colombinas , algunas de estas
precediendo a los Incas por muchos siglos.
El Imperio Incaico
• A pesar de toda su grandeza el Imperio Incaico existió más de un
siglo. Con anterioridad al año 1430 los Incas gobernaron solo el
Valle del Cuzco.
• Ellos habían entablado una guerra con los Chancas y finalmente los
derrotaron en una gran victoria en 1430. Esto marcó el comienzo de
una gran expansión militar.
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Las fechas importantes
• 1438 – empezó el imperio inca (el rey,
Pacha cutí conquistó otros tribus)
Quipu
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The Inca Rise To Power (1)
Cuzco
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The Inca Rise To Power (2)
• The Inca armies were constantly on the march, extending
control over a vast territory. Pachacuti's son and successor,
Topac Yupanqui (1471-1493) conquered the northern coastal
kingdom of Chimor by seizing its irrigation system, and he
extended Inca control into the southern area of what is now
Ecuador.
• At the other end of the empire, Inca armies reached the Maule
River in Chile in spite of the Araucanian Indians’ resistance.
Machu Picchu
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La religión
• Los incas también creían en muchos
dioses (eran politeístas).
-Viracocha – el dios creador
-Inti – el dios sol
-Mama Kilya – la diosa de la luna
-Ilyapa – el dios del buen tiempo (weather)
Religion
• Inca political and social life was infused with religious meaning. Like
the Aztecs, the Incas held the sun to be the highest deity and
considered the Inca to be the sun's representative on earth.
• The magnificent Temple of the Sun in Cuzco was the center of the
state religion, and in its confines the mummies of the past Incas
resided. The cult of the sun was spread throughout the empire, but the
Inca did not prohibit the worship of local gods.
La sociedad incaica
• emperador • Los incas creían que
La familia real sus emperadores
• la familia real
• aristócratas eran hijos del primer
dios Viracocha, por
• administradoresnobles eso el rey o
• otros nobles emperador tenía la
• artesanos autoridad máxima en
• Trabajadores el imperio.
• Campesinos
• guerreros
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•
Social classes
• The Inca nobility was greatly privileged and those related to the
Inca himself held the highest positions. The nobility were all
drawn from the ten royal ayllus.
• In addition, the residents of Cuzco were given noble status to
enable them to serve in high bureaucratic posts.
• The nobles were distinguished by dress and custom. Only they
were entitled to wear the large ear spools that enlarged the ears
and caused the Spaniards to later call them orejones, or "big
ears."
• Noticeably absent in most of the Inca Empire was a distinct
merchant class. Unlike Mesoamerica where long-distance trade
was so important, Inca emphasis on self- sufficiency and state
regulation of production and surplus limited trade.
• Only in the northern areas of the empire, in the chiefdoms of
Ecuador, the last region brought under Inca control, did a
specialized class of traders exist.
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La comida
• Tres cosas esenciales:
-maíz (sara)
-papas o patatas (chuno)
-quinoa (chisaya mama [mother grain])
para cereales, harina, sopas
• Cuando los incas empezaron a comerciar
con otros tribus comían calabazas, piñas y
papayas.
• Sabían como hacer la comida seca.
Las fotos
Language
• The Incas intentionally spread the Quechua language as a
means of integrating the empire.
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Machupichu
Los Impuestos
• With few exceptions the Incas, unlike the Aztecs, did not demand
tribute, but rather required labor on the lands assigned to the state
and the religion.
• Some women were taken as concubines for the Inca and others were
selected as servants at the temples, the so-called "Virgins of the Sun."
• In all this, the Inca had an overall imperial system, but remained
sensitive to local variations so that its application accommodated
regional and ethnic differences.
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Inca Cultural Achievements
• The Incas drew on the artistic traditions of their Andean
predecessors and the skills of subject peoples.
• Beautiful pottery and cloth was produced in specialized
workshops.
• Inca metallurgy was among the most advanced of the
Americas, and Inca artisans worked gold and silver with great
technical skill. The Incas also used copper and some bronze for
weapons and tools.
• Like the Mesoamerican peoples, the Incas made no practical
use of the wheel.
• They had no system of writing.
• The Incas, however, did make use of a system of knotted
strings with which numerical and perhaps other information
could be recorded. It functioned something like an abacus, and
with it the Incas took censuses and kept financial records.
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Comparing The Incas And Aztecs
• Both the Inca and the Aztec empires were based on a long
development of civilization that preceded them; and while in
some areas of artistic and intellectual achievement earlier
peoples had surpassed their accomplishments, both
represented the success of imperial and military organization.
• Both the Aztecs and the Incas found that their military power was less
effective against nomadic peoples who lived on their frontiers.
Essentially, the empires were created by the conquest of sedentary
agricultural peoples and the extraction of tribute and labor from them.
• At the same time, their ability to survive the shock of conquest and to
contribute to the formation of societies after conquest demonstrates
much of their strength and resiliency. Long after the Aztec and Inca
empires had ceased to exist, the peoples of the Andes and Mexico
continue to draw on these cultural traditions.
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La Conquista Española
• En Noviembre de 1526, Francisco Pizarro encabezó desde el sur de
Panamá una expedición. Pizarro se enteró de la riqueza del Imperio Incaico
y retornó a España para recaudar dinero y reclutar gente para la conquista.
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