CHROME MOLY CONFERENCE

Welding Grade P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 & Similar Alloys

The Canadian Welding Association (CWA) Conference on welding of Chrome Moly Grade Alloys will deal with many
aspects of weld properties, heat treating, design, codes, metallurgy, cracking issues, etc. Over the past several
years, many utilities have experienced issues due to cracking and in some cases catastrophic failures of these
materials. This Conference will try to create greater awareness of what the issues are and hopefully provide some
solutions on how these challenges may be solved.

TUESDAY, MARCH 22, 2016 TIME: 8:30 AM – 4:00 PM

CWB GROUP: 206 19th Avenue, Nisku Industrial Park, Nisku, Alberta T9E 0W8
 Welding Grade P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 & Similar Alloys

WELDING PRACTICES FOR P11 AND

P22 MATERIALS
Prepared by: Iulian Radu, Joel Pepin, Kenneth Armstrong,
Joyce Lam – PCL Industrial Constructors Inc.

As current coal power generation facilities are phased out, new gas-fired pow-
er generation plants are planned. Despite oil price volatility, the maintenance
and construction of oil sands extraction and processing facilities remain a sig-
nificant part of Alberta’s economy. All these applications require extensive
welding on creep-enhanced materials such as P11 and P22.
This presentation describes some methods used to successfully and produc-
tively weld such materials. It focuses on the use of welding processes such as BIO:
GMAW, SAW and GTAW with solid, flux cored and metal cored wires, with and
without post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Code and typical client require- Iulian (Julian) Radu is a welding engi-
ments are addressed regarding the procurement, welding and PWHT of P11 neer with PCL Industrial Constructors
and P22 materials. of Edmonton, Alberta. He holds a BSc
References and Copyright status (indicating ownership of material, in Welding Engineering from Romania
noting any prior publication(s)). and a PhD in Materials Engineering
from the University of Alberta. Julian
has more than 15 years of experience
in research, development, design, con-
struction, and operations in oil sands,
heavy machinery, structural steel, off-
shore and shipbuilding industries.

The Canadian Welding Association • Association canadienne de soudage

8260 Parkhill Drive Milton, ON L9T-5V7 • www.cwa-acs.org • 1-800-844-6790
 Welding Grade P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 & Similar Alloys

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

OF INTER-CRITICAL HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE IN
AS-WELDED GRADE 91 PIPE JOINT
Prepared by: Yiyu Wang and Leijun Li – Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta

The inter-critical Heat-Affected Zone (ICHAZ) is the most susceptible region for
the type IV creep cracking in grade 91 and similar Cr-Mo steels. Observation BIO:
and study of ICHAZ are challenging due to its small thickness, usually a couple Yiyu Wang
of grain sizes, compared with the size of the entire weld joint. In this work, Yiyu (Jason) Wang is a PhD candidate
a practical and efficient metallurgical method, involving micro-hardness mea- and Dr. Leijun Li is a professor in the
surement and light-etching technique, is introduced to identify the exact loca- Department of Chemical and Materi-
tion of the ICHAZ in the cross-sectional P91 weld joint. als Engineering, University of Alberta.
Their research focuses on basic and ap-
Structurally, the ICHAZ lies between the fine grain heat-affected zone and plied research in microstructure char-
over-tempered zone of the base metal. Thermally, the peak temperature ex- acterization and properties evaluation.
perienced by the ICHAZ during the welding thermal cycle falls between the
Ac1 and Ac3. The micro-hardness value (205 HV0.5) in the ICHAZ is slightly
lower than both the adjacent fine grain heat-affected zone (228 HV) and the
base metal (215 HV0.5). The ICHAZ exhibits a characteristic structure that is a
mixture of coarse ferrite (over tempered base metal) and fine equi-axed grains
(similar to the fine grained heat-affected zone). The large grain size variation
is apparent under an optical microscopy (OM) and a field-emission scanning
electron microscopy (FESEM). In the ICHAZ, the tempered martensite from
the base metal is over tempered and decomposes to coarse precipitates and
thicker lath-type ferrite; the newly formed austenite grains have transformed,
on-cooling, to short martensitic packets/blocks.
The undissolved precipitates at the boundaries between the parent blocks re-
main at their original locations during the austenitization. Precipitates in the
ICHAZ are relatively “stable”, which differs from the precipitate coarsening in
BIO:
the fine grain heat-affected zone and precipitate dissolution in the coarse grain Leijun Li
heat-affected zone. Dr. Li has supervised research students
in fusion and solid-state welding, and
laser and plasma-enabled additive
manufacturing technologies. Dr. Li
serves as Principal Reviewer for the
Welding Journal and Key Reader for
the Metallurgical and Materials Trans-
actions. He is a Fellow of the American
Society of Materials and a past chair of
the Joining Critical Technologies Com-
mittee of ASM.

The Canadian Welding Association • Association canadienne de soudage

8260 Parkhill Drive Milton, ON L9T-5V7 • www.cwa-acs.org • 1-800-844-6790
 Welding Grade P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 & Similar Alloys

DISSIMILAR METAL WELDING CHALLENGES

INVOLVING CHROME-MOLY’S & OTHER ALLOY
FAMILIES
Prepared By: Bill Newell - Euroweld

One of the major challenges facing the welding industry is joining dissimi-
lar materials. This is especially true when joining chrome-moly and Creep
Strength-Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) steels to low carbon, austenitic stainless
steels and even nickel base alloys. The traditional codes are nearly silent on
the issue.
Operating conditions, whether constant or varying, can also affect what must
be considered to achieve satisfactory results. Many design, shop, or field orga- BIO:
nizations do not have or have lost expertise in this area. This paper addresses
issues including design, code requirements, material properties, weld proper- William F. Newell, Jr., PE, PEng, IWE is
involved in welding engineering ap-
ties, preheat/post weld heat treatment, buttering and transition material ap-
plications and consulting for over 40
proaches plus practical considerations. Case histories and practical examples years, both domestic and internation-
are provided to illustrate proper implementation of dissimilar welding. ally. Graduated from the Ohio State
University in Welding Engineering and
holds an International Welding Engi-
neer diploma. A Professional Engineer
in Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, plus Alberta, Cana-
da. Life Member - American Welding
Society, Chair of AWS D10; Member on
ISO/TC 44, ASME Section IX – Welding
and Brazing Qualifications, Chair of
ASME SCII/IX Subgroup on Strength of
Weldments, and ASME SCII Working
Group on Creep Strength-Enhanced
Ferritic Steels. President of W. F. New-
ell & Associates, Inc., and Co-Founder/
Vice President – Engineering of Eurow-
eld, Ltd..

The Canadian Welding Association • Association canadienne de soudage

8260 Parkhill Drive Milton, ON L9T-5V7 • www.cwa-acs.org • 1-800-844-6790
 Welding Grade P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 & Similar Alloys

ELECTRODES FOR PRODUCING ULTRA-CLEAN

WELD DEPOSITS IN CR-MO STEEL
Prepared by: Susan Fiore - Hobart Filler Metals, Troy, Ohio

Hobart® Filler Metals has developed a line of flux-cored arc welding (FCAW)
consumables that are unique in the welding industry. The products have a
basic slag system, but do not operate like traditional EXXXT-5 electrodes. Tra-
ditional T-5 electrodes have a low-melting, fluid slag, which makes welding
out-of-position especially difficult. A high level of calcium fluoride adversely
affects the stability of the arc and causes weld spatter. While the weld metal
mechanical properties and crack-resistance of traditional T-5 electrodes are ex-
cellent, the welder appeal and ease of use are sorely lacking.
The new wires utilize aluminum for deoxidation, which has the added benefit
BIO:
of very clean weld deposits. They are designed for DC electrode negative cur- Susan Fiore is an Advanced Appli-
rent and use alternative fluorine sources, which results in very good welder cations Manager with Hobart Filler
appeal and all-positional capabilities, including vertical down. The novel use Metals. She is a Materials Engineer
of aluminum in a gas shielded process results in very low oxygen, nitrogen and with over 20 years’ experience in the
sulfur content, providing exceptionally clean, tough weld deposits. welding industry. Her expertise covers
a broad range of welding and weldabil-
The primary focus of this presentation will be on the E81T5-B2M, E91T5-B3M ity-related concerns. She has extensive
and E91T5-GM (B3V). These products have excellent toughness in both the experience with issues related to the
as-welded and stress-relieved condition. The X-Factor, which is a measure of weldability of steels and nickel-based
weld cleanliness and resistance to temper embrittlement, is typically between alloys, including weld metal solidifica-
8 and 13 (products that have an X-factor that is less than 20 are considered to tion cracking, heat-affected zone liqua-
be low risk for temper embrittlement). tion cracking, and ductility-dip crack-
ing. She has also worked extensively
The E91T5-GM has approximately 0.2 wt-% vanadium and is designed for weld- in the area of weld safety and health.
ing vanadium-enhanced 2¼ Cr/1 Mo steels. It can be used vertically down and In her current role with Hobart, she
is the only FCAW product that outperforms low hydrogen covered electrodes works closely with customers to re-
on deposition rate and mechanical properties. solve issues and to promote new ideas
and welding innovations.
Susan is past chair of the AWS Safety
and Health Committee. Prior to joining
Hobart Brothers, she worked at Law-
rence Livermore National Laboratory
as Weld Safety Manager, and at Edison
Welding Institute as a Project Manager
and as a Senior Engineer in EWI’s Tech-
nical Division.

The Canadian Welding Association • Association canadienne de soudage

8260 Parkhill Drive Milton, ON L9T-5V7 • www.cwa-acs.org • 1-800-844-6790
 Welding Grade P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 & Similar Alloys

Registration: www.cwa-acs.org/events
Member: $425
CLICK HERE TO REGISTER Nonmember: $525
Students: $150
Educators: $150

Seminar Cancellation Policy: The seminar registration fee, less 25% per person, will be refunded if cancellation is made
in writing on or before March 4, 2016. There will be no refund for cancellation after this date.

CEU CREDITS: THIS SEMINAR QUALIFIES FOR 0.5 CEU’S

AGENDA:
8:30 – 9:00 Breakfast and Registration
9:00 – 9:10 Opening Remarks and Introductions
9:10 – 10:30 Iulian Radu – Welding Practices for P11 and P22 Materials
10:30 - 10:50 Morning Break
10:50 – 12:00 Yiyu (Jason) Wang and Dr. Leijun Li - Identification and Characterization of Inter-critical
Heat-Affected Zone in As-Welded Grade 91 Pipe Joint
12:00 – 1:00 Lunch (included)
1:00 – 2:10 Bill Newell – Dissimilar Metal Welding Challenges Involving Chrome-Moly’s & Other Alloy Families
2:10 – 2:20 Afternoon Break
2:20 – 3:30 Susan Fiore - Electrodes for Producing Ultra-Clean Weld Deposits in Cr-Mo Steel
3:30 – 4:00 Roundtable discussion with Presenters

Should you require hotel accommodations, please contact Comfort Inn 780 955 8007 and request CWB Group pre-
ferred room rate of $115 Queen, $120 King. 203 – 19 Avenue, Nisku, AB T9E 0W8 (located directly across the street
from our facility)

The Canadian Welding Association • Association canadienne de soudage

8260 Parkhill Drive Milton, ON L9T-5V7 • www.cwa-acs.org • 1-800-844-6790