JGJ 7-2010

Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T17618-2015

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UDC JGJ
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

P JGJ 7-2010
Filing Number: J 1072-2010

Technical Specification for Space Frame Structures

空间网格结构技术规程

Issued on July 20, 2010 Implemented on March 1, 2011

Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s

Republic of China

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 JGJ 7-2010

Table of Contents
1 General Provisions .................................................................................................................... 8 
2 Terms and Symbols ................................................................................................................... 9 
2.1 Terms ............................................................................................................................... 9 
2.2 Symbols ......................................................................................................................... 10 
3 Basic Requirements................................................................................................................. 15 
3.1 Structure Types............................................................................................................. 15 
3.2 General Design Requirements for Space Trusses ...................................................... 15 
3.3 General Design Requirements for Latticed Shells .................................................... 17 
3.4 General Design Requirements for Spatial Trusses, Arches and Beam String
Structures ............................................................................................................................... 18 
3.5 Allowable Deflection .................................................................................................... 19 
4 Structural Analysis .................................................................................................................. 20 
4.1 General Principles of Analysis .................................................................................... 20 
4.2 Static Analysis ............................................................................................................... 21 
4.3 Stability Analysis of Latticed Shells ............................................................................ 23 
4.4 Calculation due to Earthquake ................................................................................... 24 
5 Design and Details of Members and Joints ........................................................................... 28 
5.1 Members ....................................................................................................................... 28 
5.2 Welded Hollow Spherical Joints ................................................................................. 29 
5.3 Bolted Spherical Joints ................................................................................................ 33 
5.4 Embedded Hub Joints ................................................................................................. 37 
5.5 Cast Steel Joints............................................................................................................ 39 
5.6 Pin Joints....................................................................................................................... 39 
5.7 Joints of Composite Structures ................................................................................... 40 
5.8 Joints of Prestressed Cable .......................................................................................... 41 
5.9 Supporting Joints ......................................................................................................... 43 
6 Fabrication, Erection and Acceptance .................................................................................. 49 
6.1 General Requirements ................................................................................................. 49 
6.2 Requirements for Fabrication and Assembly ............................................................ 50 
6.3 Assembly Elements in the Air ..................................................................................... 53 
6.4 Erection by Strips or Blocks ........................................................................................ 54 
6.5 Assembly by Sliding ..................................................................................................... 55 
6.6 Integral Hoisting by Derrick Masts or Cranes .......................................................... 56 
6.7 Integral Lifting-up ....................................................................................................... 58 
6.8 Integral Jacking-up ...................................................................................................... 58 
6.9 Fold and Unfold Methods ............................................................................................ 59 
6.10 Construction of Composite Space Trusses ............................................................... 60 
6.11 Checking and Acceptance .......................................................................................... 60 
Appendix A Types of Space Truss Commonly Used ................................................................ 62 
Appendix B Types of Latticed Shell Commonly Used ............................................................ 65 
Appendix C Equivalent Stiffness of Latticed Shells ................................................................ 67 
Appendix D Simplified Method of Analysis for Composite Space Trusses ........................... 69 

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Appendix E Formula of Stability Capacity for Latticed Shells.............................................. 71 

Appendix F Formula of Multidimensional Response Spectrum ............................................ 73 
Appendix G Simplified Calculation of the Effect due to Vertical Earthquake for Roof
Trusses ............................................................................................................................................ 75 
Appendix H Coefficient of Forces of Latticed Shells under Horizontal Earthquake........... 77 
Appendix J Formula of Primary Dimensions of Embedded Hub Joints .............................. 80 
Appendix K Material Behavior and Details Requirements of Elastomeric Bearing Pad .... 83 
Explanation of Wording in This Specification ............................................................................ 87 
List of Quoted Standards.............................................................................................................. 88 

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 JGJ 7-2010

1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This standard is formulated with a view to implementing the national technical and
economic policies in the design and construction of space frame structure and making the
design to be of advanced technology, safety and usability, economy and rationality and high
quality.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design and construction of space frame structure
composed of steel members, including space truss, single layer or double-layer latticed shell
and spatial truss.
1.0.3 In the design of space frame structure, the reasonable structure scheme, frame / grid
layout and structure measures shall be selected according to the actual situation and the
comprehensive consideration shall be taken for material supply, processing fabrication and
onsite construction, to ensure better technical and economic effects.
1.0.4 Suspended crane shall not be arranged for single-layer latticed shell structure. Space
truss and double-layer latticed shell structures may directly withstand the suspended crane
load at Level A3 or higher level. In case the cycle times of the stress variation is larger than or
equal to 5×104, the fatigue analysis shall be conducted, and the allowable stress amplitude and
the structure shall be determined by special test.
1.0.5 The design and construction of space frame structure shall comply with the
requirements in the current relevant national standards besides this standard.

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2 Terms and Symbols

2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Space grid structure, space frame, space latticed structure
Spatial structure formed of member and member bar arranged in a certain rule by joint
connection, including space truss, curved latticed shell and spatial truss
2.1.2 Space truss, space grid
Flat plate type or slight curved spatial trussing structure formed of member bars arranged
in a certain rule by joint connection, mainly bearing the integral bending internal force
2.1.3 Intersecting lattice truss system
System formed of two-way or three-way intersecting lattice trusses
2.1.4 Square pyramid system
System formed of square pyramids as basic unit
2.1.5 Triangular pyramid system
System formed of triangular pyramids as basic unit
2.1.6 Composite space truss
Flat lattice truss structure formed by reinforced concrete slab as upper chord member and
steel web member and bottom chord bar
2.1.7 Latticed shell, reticulated shell
Curved spatial trussing structure or beam structure formed of member bars arranged in a
certain rule by joint connection, mainly bearing the integral thin film internal force
2.1.8 Spherical latticed shell, braced dome
Single-layer or double-layer latticed shell structure with spherical appearance
2.1.9 Cylindrical latticed shell, braced vault
Single-layer or double-layer latticed shell structure with cylindric surface appearance
2.1.10 Hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell
Single-layer or double-layer latticed shell structure with the appearance of hyperbolic
paraboloid
2.1.11 Elliptic paraboloid latticed shell
Single-layer or double-layer latticed shell structure with the appearance of elliptic
paraboloid
2.1.12 Lamella grid
Rhombic grid cell formed of two-way heterotopic member bars
2.1.13 Ribbed type
Trapezia grid cell formed of radial and circumferential member bar on spherical face
2.1.14 Ribbed type with diagonal bars (Schwedler dome)
Triangular grid cell formed of radial, circumferential and diagonal member on spherical
face
2.1.15 Three-way grid
Equilateral triangle grid cell formed of three-way member bars
2.1.16 Fan shape three-way grid (Kiewitt dome)
Triangular grid cell formed of circumferential member bar jointly with the lamella grid
formed of parallel rods in n (n=6, 8) sector curved surfaces divided radially on a spherical
face

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sEk——Effect of the earthquake action standard value of member bars for a space frame
structure;
sj, sk——Effect of standard value for the earthquake action of the jth vibration mode and
vibration mode k;
Δt——Temperature difference;
u——Allowable horizontal displacement of bottom supporting structure and support of a
grid structure without regard to temperature action effect;
——Joint displacement vector, velocity vector, or acceleration vector;

——Acceleration vector of ground movement;

Uix, Uiy, Uiz——Response values of the maximum displacement of joint i at direction x, y
and z;
ΔU(i)——Iterative increment of current displacement in the overall process stability
analysis of a latticed shell;
Xji, Yji, Zji——Relative displacement of the jth vibration mode and joint i at direction x, y
and z.
2.2.2 Material property
E——Elastic modulus of material;
f——Design value for tensile strength of steels ;

f t b ——Design value of the tensile strength of high strength bolt after heat treatment;
ν——Poisson's ratio of a material;
α——Linear expansion coefficient of a material.
2.2.3 Geometric parameter and sectional characteristic
Aeff——Effective cross-section area of high and medium strength bolt for bolted
spherical joint;
Ai——Sectional area of the equivalent trussing for composite space truss ribbed plate at
direction i (i=1, 2, 3, 4);
B——Width or span of cylindrical latticed shell;
Be——Stiffness of equivalent thin film for a latticed shell;
Be11, Be22——Stiffness of equivalent thin film for a latticed shell along direction 1 and 2;
bhp——Neck width of the loose tongue for an embedded hub joint;
C——Structural damping matrix;
D——External diameter of a hollow sphere or steel ball diameter on hollow spherical
joint;
De11, De22——Equivalent bending stiffness of a latticed shell along direction 1 and 2;
De——Equivalent bending stiffness of a latticed shell;
d——External diameter of main steel pipe pile member connected with a hollow sphere;
d1, d2——External diameter of two steel pipes intersected on a hollow spherical joint;

d1b , d sb ——Larger and smaller diameter of two adjacent bolts for a bolted spherical
joint;
dh——Diameter of hub body (embedded hub joint);
dht——Diameter of the loose tongue (embedded hub joint);

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f——Vector height of a cylindrical latticed shell;

f1——Basic frequency of grid structure;
hhp——Height of the loose tongue for an embedded hub joint;
K——Total elastic stiffness column matrix of a space frame structure;
Kt——Tangent stiffness matrix at moment t in the overall process stability analysis of a
latticed shell;
L——Length or span of cylindrical shell;
L2——Transverse span of a space truss;
ls——Length of sleeve for bolted spherical joint;
l——Center length between member bar joints; length of high strength bolt for bolted
spherical joint;
l0——Calculation length of member bar;
r——Curvature radius of spherical or cylindrical latticed shell; radius of roll axis in
sliding;
M——Mass matrix of a space frame structure;
r1, r2——Principal curvature radius of an elliptic paraboloid latticed shell at two
directions;
r1——Radius of a roller wheel excircle in sliding;
s——Spacing of ribs for composite space truss at direction 1 and 2;
t——Wall thickness of a hollow sphere, or thickness of flat plate for composite space
truss;
α——Non-coplanar torsion angle of loose tongue at both ends of member bars for
embedded hub joint;
θ——Included angle formed by two adjacent member bars intersected on a hollow
spherical joint; minimum included angle formed by two adjacent bolts intersected on a bolted
spherical joint;
φ——Included angle formed by the center line of hub loose tongue for an embedded hub
joint and the perpendicular line of the axial line of the member bar connected with the loose
tongue.
2.2.4 Calculation coefficients
c——Ground correction coefficient; coefficient of eccentricity of steel pipe in the
compression-bending or tension-bending analysis of a hollow spherical joint ;
g——Gravity acceleration;
k——Coefficient of rolling friction between steel wheel and steel in rolling and sliding;
m——Vibration mode number considered in the analysis with mode-decomposition
response spectrum method;
αj, αvj——Horizontal and vertical seismic influence coefficient corresponding to the
natural vibration period of the jth vibration mode;
γj——Participation coefficient of the jth vibration mode;
ζ——Resistance coefficient in sliding;
ζj, ζk——Damping ratio of vibration mode j and k;
ηd——Improvement coefficient of the bearing capacity hollow spherical joint ribbing;
η0——Adjustment coefficient of the bearing capacity of major diameter hollow spherical
joint;

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3 Basic Requirements
3.1 Structure Types
3.1.1 The grid (frame) structure may adopt double-layer or multi-layer type; the latticed
shell structure may adopt single layer, double-layer type, or partial double-layer type.
3.1.2 The grid structure may adopt the following truss lattice (grid) type:
1 Two-way orthogonal spatial space truss, two-way orthogonal diagonal space truss,
two-way heterotopic diagonal space truss, three-way space truss, one-way mansard space
truss formed of intersecting lattice truss system (Figure A.0.1);
2 Normally placed square pyramid space truss, normally placed square pyramid space
truss with openings, checkerboard-type square pyramid space, diagonal square pyramid space
truss, star-like square pyramid space truss formed of square pyramid system (Figure A.0.2);
3 Triangular pyramid space truss, triangular pyramid space truss with openings and
honeycombed triangular pyramid space truss formed of triangular pyramid system (Figure
A.0.3).
3.1.3 The latticed shell structure may adopt curved surfaces like spherical surface, cylindric
surface, hyperbolic paraboloid and elliptic paraboloid as well as various composite curved
surfaces.
3.1.4 The single-layer latticed shell may adopt the following truss lattice types:
1 The single layer cylindrical latticed shell may adopt one-way diagonal-rod
orthogonal spatial grid, intersecting diagonal-rod orthogonal spatial grid, lamella grid and
three-way grid, etc. (Figure B .0.1).
2 The single layer spherical latticed shell may adopt ribbed type grid, ribbed type with
diagonal bars, three-way grid, fan shape three-way grid, sunflower shape three-way grid ,
geodesic type grid, etc. (Figure B.0.2).
3 The single layer hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell should adopt three-way grid (the
member bars at two directions are arranged along the straight stripe), or two-way orthogonal
grid (the member bars are arranged along the principal direction of curvature); diagonal
members may be arranged additionally on partial zones (Figure B.0.3).
4 The single layer elliptic paraboloid latticed shell may adopt three-way grid, one-way
diagonal-rod orthogonal normally-placed grid, elliptical bottom grid, etc. (Figure B.0.4).
3.1.5 The double-layer latticed shell may adopt two-way or three-way intersected lattice
truss system, square pyramid system or triangular pyramid system, and the upper and lower
chord lattices may be arranged by the mode specified in Article 3.1.4 in this standard.
3.1.6 The spatial truss may adopt straight line or curved type.
3.1.7 The type of space frame structure shall be determined by comprehensive analysis in
combination of project plan form, span size, support condition, loading condition, roof
construction and building design. The arrangement of member bars and supports shall
guarantee the constant geometrical condition of the structural system.
3.1.8 The single-layer latticed shell shall adopt rigid connection joints.

3.2 General Design Requirements for Space Trusses

3.2.1 As for periphery support space truss with rectangular plan form, where the side ratio
hereof (the ratio of the longer side and the shorter side) is less than or equal to 1.5, normally

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L hereof should not be greater than 35m; the span (width B) of the single layer cylindrical
latticed shell supported along two longitudinal sides should not be greater than 30 m.
3.3.3 The design of the hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell structure should meet the
following requirements:
1 The length ratio of two diagonal lines on the bottom surface of the hyperbolic
paraboloid latticed shell should not be greater than 2;
2 The vector height of the unit hyperbolic paraboloid shell may be 1/2 ~1/4 of the span
(the span is the distance of two diagonals), and the vector height at all directions of the
four-unit hyperbolic paraboloid shell may be 1/4~ 1.8 the corresponding span;
3 The thickness of the double-layer hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell may be
1/20~1/50 the transverse span;
4 The span of the single layer hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell should not be greater
than 60m.
3.3.4 The design of the elliptic paraboloid latticed shell structure should meet the following
requirements:
1 The ratio of two span of the bottom sides of the elliptic paraboloid latticed shell
should not be greater than 1.5;
2 The vector height at all directions of the shell may be 1/6 ~ 1/9 the transverse span;
3 The thickness of the double-layer elliptic paraboloid latticed shell may be 1/20~1/50
the transverse span;
4 The span of the single layer elliptic paraboloid latticed shell should not be greater
than 50m.
3.3.5 The support structure for a latticed shell shall transmit vertical counter stress reliably.
Simultaneously, it shall satisfy the requirements in the edge constraint required by different
latticed shell structure forms; edge constraint member shall satisfy the stiffness requirements,
with which, the integral analysis is conducted for the latticed shell structure. The constraint
conditions of the corresponding supports for latticed shells shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The supporting point for the spherical latticed shell shall guarantee the constraint
condition to resist the horizontal displacement;
2 When the cylindrical latticed shell is supported along two longitudinal sides, the
supporting points shall guarantee the constraint condition to resist the lateral horizontal
displacement.
3 The hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell shall transmit the load to the substructure
through the boundary members;
4 The elliptic paraboloid latticed shell and the four-unit hyperbolic paraboloid latticed
shell shall be supported along the periphery through the boundary members.

3.4 General Design Requirements for Spatial Trusses, Arches and Beam String
Structures
3.4.1 The height of the spatial truss may be 1/12 ~ 1/16 of the span.
3.4.2 The thickness of the spatial arch frame may be 1/20~1/30 the span, and the vector
height hereof may be 1/3~1/6 the span. Analyzed as spatial arch frame, the substructure at
both ends shall reliably transmit the vertical counter stress besides guaranteeing the constraint

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4 Structural Analysis
4.1 General Principles of Analysis
4.1.1 For space frame structure, the analysis on displacement and internal force un gravity
load and wind load shall be conducted; according to specific conditions, the analysis on
displacement and internal force under seismic load, temperature variation, support depression
and construction & installation load shall be also taken out. The analysis may be done
according to the theory of elasticity; in the integral stability analysis for latticed shell structure,
the nonlinear impact hereof shall be considered.
4.1.2 As for non-seismic design, the effects of action and action combination shall be
analyzed according to the requirements of the current national standard "Load Code for the
Design of Building Structures" GB 50009 and the internal force design value shall be
determined according to the effect of the action fundamental combination; as for seismic
design, the effect of the seismic action combination shall be analyzed according to the
requirements of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB
50011. In the displacement analysis, the deflection shall be determined according to the effect
of the action standard combination.
4.1.3 The wind load shape factor of single spherical latticed shell and cylindrical latticed
shell may be determined according to the requirements of the current national standard "Load
Code for the Design of Building Structures" GB 50009; as for multiple spherical latticed
shells and cylindrical latticed shells connected, and space frame structure with complex form,
the wind load shape factor hereof shall be determined by wind tunnel test or special study if
the span hereof is larger. The wind vibration analysis should be conducted for the space frame
structure whose basic natural vibration period is larger than 0.25s.
4.1.4 In the analysis of grid structure and double-layer latticed shell structure, it is
assumable that the joint is hinge one and the member bar only bears the axial force; when
the ratio of the member bar inter-joint length and the section height (or diameter) is not less
than 12 (main pipe) and 24 (branch pipe), it may also assumable in the analysis of spatial
bracing frame pipe that the joint is hinge one; in the analysis of single-layer latticed shell, it
shall be assumable that the joint is rigid one, and the member bar bears the axial force as well
as bending moment, torsion moment and shear force.
4.1.5 As for the external load of the space frame structure, the loads within the joint
controlled zone may be focused on this joint in the principle "static force equivalent". When
partial load is acted in the member bar, the impact of local bending internal force shall be
considered respectively.
4.1.6 In the analyses of the space frame structure, the mutual influence of the upper space
frame structure and the lower supporting structure shall be considered. the converted
equivalent stiffness and the equivalent mass of the lower supporting structure may be used as
the conditions for analyzing the upper space frame structure in the cooperative analysis of the
space frame structure; or the converted equivalent stiffness and the equivalent mass of the
upper space frame structure may also be used as the conditions for analyzing the lower
supporting structure; or the integral analyzing for the upper and lower structures may be
conducted.
4.1.7 In the analyses of the space frame structure, the reasonable edge restraint conditions

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6 Fabrication, Erection and Acceptance

6.1 General Requirements
6.1.1 The type, specification and property of steels shall meet the national current product
standard and the design requirement, as well as be possessed of quality certificates. Sampling
and re-inspection of steels shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code
for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" GB 50205.
6.1.2 Construction organization design shall be compiled by the construction organization
before the construction of space frame, and it shall be enforced strictly during the process of
construction.
6.1.3 Steel ruler, theodolite and electronic total station should be adopted for the fabrication,
erection, acceptance, and setting out of space frame; tension of steel ruler shall be consistent
when used. Measuring instruments must be calibrated by the metrology inspection
department.
6.1.4 Welding work should be carried out in the fabrication factory or on the ground of
construction site to reduce work in the air. Welders shall pass the examination and obtain
certificate. They may start to work after pass the welding process examination of
corresponding projects.
6.1.5 Before installation of space frame, planimetric position and elevation of support
embedded parts and embedded anchor bolts shall be re-checked and accepted according to the
positioning axis and elevation reference point. Construction deviation of embedded parts and
embedded anchor bolts shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for
Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" GB 50205.
6.1.6 Erection methods of space frame shall be determined comprehensively according to
the structural types, load carrying and construction features, with progress, economic and
technical conditions at the construction site, under the premise of guaranteeing quality and
safety. Space frame may be erected according to the following methods:
1 Assembly elements in the air: is applicable to various space frame assembled of
brackets, especially the non-welded connection structures such as bolted connection and pin
axis connection. Overhang assembly construction method with less supports may be selected
according to the structural features: internal extension method (overhang assembly from side
support to the center) and external extension method (overhang assembly from the center to
side support).
2 Erection by strips or blocks: is applicable to the space frame with less structural
rigidity and force condition changes after segmentation. Size of strips or blocks shall be
determined according to the lifting capacity of hoisting equipment.
3 Assembly by sliding: is applicable to various space frames that can be equipped with
parallel sliding tracks, especially the conditions that construction (brackets or travelling crane
shall not be installed under the to-be-installed roof structures) must be crossed, site is narrow,
or lifting transportation is inconvenient. When space frame is with large column grid or long
& narrow plane, sliding framework may be adopted.
4 Integral hoisting by derrick masts or cranes: is applicable to the small and medium
size space frame, space frame may move or rotate in the air during hoisting.
5 Integral lifting-up: is applicable to various space frames. The structure shall be lifted

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to the design elevation in place after integrally assembled on the ground.

6 Integral jacking-up: is applicable to various space frames with less supporting points.
The structure shall be lifted to the design elevation in place after integrally assembled on the
ground.
7 Fold and unfold methods: is applicable to the cylindrical latticed shell structures.
Folding assembly shall be carried out on the ground or the working platform close to the
ground, the folded mechanism shall be lifted to the design elevation by hoisting equipment,
and then the un-assembled members shall be supplemented in the air to turn mechanism into
structure.
6.1.7 After installation methods are determined, reaction of each hoisting point, vertical
displacement, internal force of members, stability of support column during lifting-up or
jacking-up, as well as horizontal thrust of space frame under wind load shall be checked and
calculated respectively for space frame, if necessary, temporary strengthening measures shall
be adopted. When space frame is erected by strips, blocks or overhang method, each
corresponding construction conditions shall be traced, checked and calculated, as well as
influential members and joints shall be adjusted. Before brackets or hoisting equipment for
installation are disassembled, structural checking calculation shall be carried out for the
corresponding operating conditions at each stage to select reasonable disassembly sequence.
6.1.8 Dynamic coefficient of structures should be selected according to the following values
during the process of erection: lifting-up or jacking-up of hydraulic jack, 1.1; lifting of
cross-core hydraulic jack steel strand, 1.2; hoisting of tower crane and pulling pole, 1.3;
hoisting of crawling crane and auto-crane, 1.4.
6.1.9 Before formal erection of space frame, partial or integral trial assembly should be
carried out, which may be omitted when the structure is simple or the erection is sure.
6.1.10 Space frame shall not be erected under Grade 6 and above wind power.
6.1.11 Before space frame is painted, surfaces of members must be treated (burr, welding
slag, rust and dirt must be removed).Treated surfaces shall meet the design requirements and
the requirements of the relevant national current standards.
6.1.12 Roof boards and hanging members should be installed after space frame is installed
and forms an entirety.
6.2 Requirements for Fabrication and Assembly
6.2.1 Members and joints of space frame shall be fabricated and assembled on special
equipment or models to ensure precision and interchangeability of assembly unit.
6.2.2 All welded joints shall meet the design requirements during the fabrication and
erection of space frame. The following requirements shall be met when there is no
requirement in design
1 Butt welds between steel pipes shall be Grade I welded joints;
2 Butt welds of bulb pipes and between steel pipes and closing plates (or coneheads)
shall be Grade II welded joints;
3 Intersecting welded joints between branch pipes and main pipes and between branch
pipes shall meet the requirements of the current professional standard "Technical
Specification for Welding of Steel Structure of Building" JGJ 81;
4 Appearance inspection shall be carried out for all welded joints; the inspection results
shall meet the requirements of the current professional standard "Technical Specification for

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temporary strengthening measures shall be adopted.

6.4.2 Joints of strips or blocks may adopt erection bolts or other temporary positioning
measures. When independent supporting points or assembling brackets are arranged,
requirements of Article 6.3.2 in this specification shall be met. During assembling, grid units
may be jacked up to the design elevation with jack or other methods, and then connected.
6.4.3 Intermediate transportation should be reduced for grid units. If transportation is
required, measures shall be adopted to avoid deformation.

6.5 Assembly by Sliding

6.5.1 The singleton assembly by sliding, the accumulated item by item assembly by sliding
as well as the carriage assembly may be adopted for sliding.
6.5.2 At least two sliding tracks shall be set for the space grid structure when it is sliding,
and the sliding track between must be parallel. In accordance with the construction supporting,
the sliding track may be slope, and the construction may be pulling to the upslope or the
downgrade. When the sliding track is slope, it must be taken the safety measures to make sure
the construction not going so far as to slide downwards because of the deadweight in the
sliding process. The auxiliary support may be used for adjusting the high and low of the
construction for the strip unity of the curved face space grid structure; and the construction
may be overhung symmetrically or asymmetrically on both sides of the sliding track for the
non-rectangular plane surface space grid structure.
6.5.3 The sliding track may be fixed on the beam top surface or the special stand, and it also
may be placed on the ground, the rail surface elevation should be above or be equal to the
space grid structure support design elevation. The sliding track and the special stand shall be
able to resist the horizontal force and the vertical force, and the special stand installation shall
meet the requirements of the Article 6.3.2 term in this regulation. The gasket at the sliding
joint section shall be solid, and both ends shall be circle chamfer, and the sliding track both
sides shall be without a hitch, and the sliding track surface shall be smoothing and leveling as
well as be cladded the lubrication oil. When the steel rail is adopted for the sliding track of the
wide-span space grid structure, the installations shall meet the requirements of the current
national standard "Cranes--Overhead travelling cranes and portal bridge cranes--Tolerances
for cranes manufacture and tracks laying" GB / T 10183.
6.5.4 The middle sliding track should be set up in the mid-span for the wide-span space grid
structure. The sliding made by the rolling friction way should be used for the middle sliding
track, and the sliding made by the sliding friction way should be used for sliding tracks on
both sides. When the sliding element causes reversal of the member bar internal force due to
increase the middle sliding track, it shall take measures to prevent the destabilization of the
member bar.
6.5.5 The sliding track inner side should be for setting the horizontal guide wheel, and the
gap between the guide wheel and the sliding track shall be between 10mm ~ 20mm.
6.5.6 The winding machine or the chain block shall be used for pulling the space grid
structure sliding, and on the right and the left of every edge, a bit or more pull may be adopted
in accordance with the traction force size and the member bar bearing capacity between the
sustainers. The hauling speed should not be larger than 0.5℃ m/min, and the out of sync
value shall not be greater than 50 mm. The traction force may be recalculated with the sliding

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 JGJ 7-2010

perpendicular, and the initial tension value of the cable wind rope should adopt 60 % tension
of the cable wind rope when it is hoisting.
6.6.7 When the single pulling bar hoisting is adopted, the cup and ball joint pedestal shall be
adopted; When the pulling bar hoisting is adopted, the single direction joint may be adopted
in the hoisting plane surface of the pulling bar. Under the action of the most unfavorable
loading combinations, the average pressure of the pulling bar support foundation to the land
surface shall not be greater than the characteristic value of the ground bearing capacity.
6.6.8 When the bearing capacity of the space grid structure is allowed, the method of setting
the tackle block to hang the pulling bar on the space grid structure to dismantle it step by step
may be adopted when the pulling bar is dismantling.
6.7 Integral Lifting-up
6.7.1 The space grid structure integral hoisting may be hoisted by installing lifting device on
the construction column, and it also may be hoisted simultaneously in the process of the pillar
formwork; hereby, the space grid structure may be served as the working platform.
6.7.2 As for the usage load capacity of the lifting device, the rated load capacity shall
multiply the reduction coefficient, and the heart-threading hydraulic jack may adopt
0.5~0.6;The electric screw rod lift slab machinery may adopt 0.7~0.8; and the other
equipment are confirmed through test.
6.7.3 When the space grid structure is integral hoisting, it shall make sure synchronous. The
neighboring two hoisting points and the permitted hoisting height difference value between
the top and the lowest points shall be confirmed through the recalculation or the test. In the
conventional practice, the permitted height difference value of the neighboring two hoisting
points shall be 1/400 of the adjacent point distance, and it shall not be greater than 15 mm
when the lift slab machinery is used; When the heart-threading hydraulic jack is adopted, it
shall be 1/250 adjacent point distance, and it shall not be greater than 25 mm. As for the
permitted height difference value between the top point and the lowest point, 35 mm shall be
adopted when the lift slab machinery is used, and 50 mm shall be adopted when the
heart-threading hydraulic jack is used.
6.7.4 The deviant between the force concurrence point and the suspension center of the
lifting device shall not be greater than 10 mm.
6.7.5 The steadiness shall be recalculated for the integral lifting-up support column.
6.8 Integral Jacking-up
6.8.1 When the integral jacking-up is adopted for the space grid structure, the space grid
structure support column should be utilized as the supporting structure for roof hoisting, and it
also may set the temporary roof hoisting support at the original support column section or its
nearby section.
6.8.2 The distance of the batten plate which is on the support column or the temporary
support for roof hoisting shall be the integral number of times of the lifting jack usage range,
and its elevation deviation shall not be larger than 5 mm, otherwise the thin steel plate shall be
used for leveling up.
6.8.3 The screw jack or the hydraulic jack may be adopted for the roof hoisting of the lifting
jack, and the rated load capacity shall multiply the reduction coefficient as its usage load
capacity, 0.6 ~ 0.8 is adopted for the lead screw lifting jack, and 0.4~0.6 is adopted for the
hydraulic jack. The range and the lifting speed of each lifting jack must be consistent, and the

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 JGJ 7-2010

lifting jack as well as its hydraulic system may be used after the qualified field inspection.
6.8.4 The permitted height difference of each roof hoisting point when the roof is hoisting
shall meet the following requirements:
1 It shall not be greater than 1/1000 of two neighboring supporting structure distance,
and it shall not be greater than 15 mm;
2 When two or more lifting jacks are on the supporting structure with a single roof
hoisting point, it shall not be greater than 1/200 lifting jack distance, and it shall not be greater
than 10 mm.
6.8.5 The lifting jack shall maintain perpendicular, the center of the lifting jack or the lifting
jack resultant force and the misalignment value of the roof hoisting dot structure shall not be
greater than 5 mm.
6.8.6 Pre-roof hoisting and in the process of the roof hoisting, the horizontal shift value of
the space grid structure support center coupled column basic shaft line shall not be larger than
1/50 column section short-edge dimension and 1/500 column height.
6.8.7 The steadiness shall be recalculated for the supporting structure of the roof hoisting,
when the recalculation is carried out, the space grid structure and the supporting structure
deadweight, the other dead-loads and the construction loads of roof hoisting for the space grid
structure shall be considered, and the impact made by the above specifically load eccentricity
and the wind load shall still be considered. If the steadiness is not dissatisfied, measures shall
be taken to solve.
6.9 Fold and Unfold Methods
6.9.1 Change construction of the cylindrical surface reticulated shell into the mechanism,
after the assembly completion on the land surface, it shall be carried out the integral hoisting
to the design elevation by the lifting device, then the member bar is needed to be complement
in the upper air to make the mechanism as the construction. The member bar internal force,
the joint displacement and the end reaction of the reticulated shell construction shall be
recalculated in the process of integral hoisting when it serves as the mechanism, the
temporary strengthening measures shall be taken if necessary.
6.9.2 The hydraulically operated equipment should be adopted as an instrument for hoisting,
and the computer synchronization control should be adopted. The hoisting points shall be
confirmed in accordance with the design calculation, the 4-points or above 4-points hoisting
points may be adopted for hoisting. The lifting speed should not be larger than 0.2 m/min, the
out of sync value of the hoisting points shall not be greater than 1/500 distance between
hoisting points, and it shall not be greater than 40 mm.
6.9.3 In the process of hoisting, the mechanism only be permitted to do motion in one
dimension at the elevation direction. The hoisting support shall meet requirements of the
Article 6.3.2 in this Regulation, and the guide track shall be set.
6.9.4 The cylindrical surface reticulated shell construction contains several twisted wire and
divides into more regions, every twisted wire includes more active ream, and every hinged
joint on one and the same twisted wire shall be ensured at the straight line, and every twisted
wire shall be mutual parallel.
6.9.5 In the process of the hoisting, the transient cylindrical surface reticulated shell
construction may appear, and the temporary support or the temporary travel cable shall be
arranged.

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 JGJ 7-2010

6.10 Construction of Composite Space Trusses

6.10.1 The geometric dimension permissible deviation of the precast reinforced concrete
and the concrete quality criteria shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national
standard " Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete structures" GB 50204.
6.10.2 The micro-dilatancy compensation constriction concrete shall be adopted for the
crack pouring concrete, and continuation placing shall be carried out. When the crack pouring
concrete strength reach above 75% strength grade, the support may be dismantled.
6.10.3 The requirements for the combinations of the manufacture, assembly permissible
deviation and the weld quality of the web member and the lower chord of the space grid
structure shall meet the specification in the Article 6.2 of this Regulation.
6.10.4 The assembly elements in the air, the integral lifting-up, the integral jacking-up may
be adopted as the installation method for space grid structure combination.
6.10.5 Before the space grid structure combination becomes integral, the support must not
be dismantled or the partial concentrated load must not be exerted.
6.11 Checking and Acceptance
6.11.1 Every procedure of the manufacture, the assembly and the installation for the space
grid structure shall be inspected after completing, and the construction of the next process
must not be carried out if they are not inspected, and the record shall be set for every
procedure inspection, and it shall be summarized and archived. After the completion of the
structure installation, it must be carried out checking and acceptance.
Different kinds of joints, the member bar, the high strength bolt, the other installation kit,
the component part, the connecting piece etc. of the space grid structure shall all have the
product certificate and the inspection record.
6.11.2 When it is checking and acceptance, each side length and the off-centering as well as
the height deviation of the support for the space grid structure shall be inspected, and each
permissible deviation shall meet the following requirements:
1 The permissible deviation of each edge length shall be 1/2000 of the edge length, and
it shall not be greater than 40 mm;
2 The permissible deviation of the support off-centering shall be 1/3000 edge length of
the offset direction space grid structure length (or span),and it shall not be greater than 30
mm;
3 As for the space grid structure of the peripheral support, the permissible deviation of
the neighboring supporter height difference shall be 1/400 of the neighboring distance, and it
shall not be greater than 15 mm; As for the space grid structure of multipoint support, the
permissible deviation of the neighboring supporter height difference shall be 1/800
neighboring distance, and it shall not be greater than 30 mm; the maximum permissible
deviation of supporter height difference shall not be greater than 30 mm.
6.11.3 After the completion of the space grid structure installation, its deflection shall be
measured. The measuring point location may be confirmed by the design organization. When
there is no requirement for design, and the deflection shall be measured in the mid-span under
the circumstance that the span is 24 m. Under the circumstance that the span is above 24 m,
the deflection at the mid-span and the quartering points at the span direction shall be
measured. The measured deflection value shall not be greater than 1.15 deflection calculated
value with the loading condition.

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List of Quoted Standards

1 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures GB 50009

2 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings GB 50011
3 Code for Design of Steel Structures GB 50017
4 Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete Structures GB 50204
5 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures GB 50205
6 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads-Tolerances GB/T 197
7 Quality Carbon Structural Steels GB/T 699
8 Carbon Structural Steels GB/T 700
9 High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels GB/T 1591
10 Alloy Structure Steels GB/T 3077
11 Carbon Steel Castings Suitable for Welded Structure GB 7659
12 Cranes - Bridge Cranes and Portal Cranes - Tolerances for Cranes Manufacture and
Track Laying GB/T 10183
13 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purpose GB/T 11352
14 High Strength Bolts for Joints of Space Grid Structures GB/T 16939
15 "Technical Specification for Welding of Steel Structure of Building" JGJ 81
16 Technical Code for Safety of Steel Tubular Scaffold with Couplers in Construction
JGJ 130
17 Bolted Spherical Node of Space Grid Structures JG/T 10
18 Welded Hollow Spherical Node of Space Grid Structures JG/T 11
19 Hub-shape Inlay Joints of Single Layer Lattice Shells JG/T 136
20 Method for Ultrasonic Testing and Classification for Steel Structures JG/T 203

__________ END __________

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