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DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF AGGREGATES
I. Short discussion:
II. Resources:
Gravel, Sand
Potable water Pycnometer
Sieving pan Oven
Absorbent cloth, dry, soft Sieve, 3/8 “
Digital weighing scale Tamping rod
Container Density basket, 0.25”
Cylindrical metal measure (min cap of Mesh (max, 6.5 mm)
0.0142 m3) Sand cone apparatus
III. Procedure:
For fine aggregate:
1. Weigh about 500 grams test sample of fine aggregate, W1.
2. Immerse the test sample into a container with water for 24 hours and cover it.
3. Pour excess water carefully to avoid loss of fines. Spread the sample on a flat non-absorbent surface and stir
frequently to secure homogeneous drying.
4. Fill the sand cone apparatus with this sample and tamp 25 times.
5. Fill the measure two-thirds full, level and tamp 25 times again.
6. Fill the measure overflowing and tamp 25 times. Then level the top surface.
7. Remove the slump cone. The sand cone should approach a free-flowing condition.
The specimen is called saturated surface dry (SSD) when it has reached a surface dry condition.
8. Weigh the SSD sample, W2.
9. Fill the pycnometer with water to the top and weigh, W3.
10. Remove part of the water from the pycnometer, and put the SSD sample into it.
11. Fill with additional water to approximately 90 percent of its capacity.
12. Agitate the pycnometer to eliminate all air bubbles.
13. Bring the water level in the pycnometer to its calibrated capacity.
14. Determine the total weight of the pycnometer, speciment, and water, W4.
15. Remove the sample from the pycnometer, and dry to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C, cool, and
weight, W5.
16. Calculate the specific gravity and absorption.
W1 W2
Bulk specific gravity, dry = Bulk specific gravity, SSD =
W3 W2 W4 W3 W2 W4
W5
Apparent specific gravity =
W3 W5 W4
For coarse aggregate:
1. Weigh about 4000 grams test sample of course aggregate, W1, with a maximum 25 mm nominal size and should
not have particles of size less than 4.75 mm.
2. Soak the aggregate in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hours.
3. Remove the sample from the water. Roll it in a large absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are removed.
The sample is now in saturated surface dry (SSD) condition.
4. Weigh the SSD sample, W2.
5. Place the SSD sample in the wire basket and determine weight in water, W 3. Note that the wire basket should be
immersed to a depth sufficient to cover it and the test sample during weighing.
6. Remove the sample from the wire basket.
7. Dry the sample to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C (approximately 3 hours), and weigh, W 4.
8. Calculate specific gravity and absorption.
W1 W2
Bulk specific gravity, dry = Bulk specific gravity, SSD =
W2 W3 W2 W3
W4 W W4
Apparent specific gravity = Absorption = 2 x100
W4 W3 W4
VI. Recommendation:
VII. Documentation:
Experiment No. 4
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF AGGREGATES
I. Short discussion:
II. Resources:
Gravel, Sand
Potable water Pycnometer
Sieving pan Oven
Absorbent cloth, dry, soft Sieve, 3/8 “
Digital weighing scale Tamping rod
Container Density basket, 0.25”
Cylindrical metal measure (min cap of Mesh (max, 6.5 mm)
0.0142 m3) Sand cone apparatus
III. Procedure:
For fine aggregate:
17. Weigh about 500 grams test sample of fine aggregate, W1.
18. Immerse the test sample into a container with water for 24 hours and cover it.
19. Pour excess water carefully to avoid loss of fines. Spread the sample on a flat non-absorbent surface and stir
frequently to secure homogeneous drying.
20. Fill the sand cone apparatus with this sample and tamp 25 times.
21. Fill the measure two-thirds full, level and tamp 25 times again.
22. Fill the measure overflowing and tamp 25 times. Then level the top surface.
23. Remove the slump cone. The sand cone should approach a free-flowing condition.
The specimen is called saturated surface dry (SSD) when it has reached a surface dry condition.
24. Weigh the SSD sample, W2.
25. Fill the pycnometer with water to the top and weigh, W3.
26. Remove part of the water from the pycnometer, and put the SSD sample into it.
27. Fill with additional water to approximately 90 percent of its capacity.
28. Agitate the pycnometer to eliminate all air bubbles.
29. Bring the water level in the pycnometer to its calibrated capacity.
30. Determine the total weight of the pycnometer, speciment, and water, W4.
31. Remove the sample from the pycnometer, and dry to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C, cool, and
weight, W5.
32. Calculate the specific gravity and absorption.
W1 W2
Bulk specific gravity, dry = Bulk specific gravity, SSD =
W3 W2 W4 W3 W2 W4
W5
Apparent specific gravity =
W3 W5 W4
For coarse aggregate:
9. Weigh about 4000 grams test sample of course aggregate, W1, with a maximum 25 mm nominal size and should
not have particles of size less than 4.75 mm.
10. Soak the aggregate in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hours.
11. Remove the sample from the water. Roll it in a large absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are removed.
The sample is now in saturated surface dry (SSD) condition.
12. Weigh the SSD sample, W2.
13. Place the SSD sample in the wire basket and determine weight in water, W3. Note that the wire basket should be
immersed to a depth sufficient to cover it and the test sample during weighing.
14. Remove the sample from the wire basket.
15. Dry the sample to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C (approximately 3 hours), and weigh, W4.
16. Calculate specific gravity and absorption.
W1 W2
Bulk specific gravity, dry = Bulk specific gravity, SSD =
W2 W3 W2 W3
W4 W W4
Apparent specific gravity = Absorption = 2 x100
W4 W3 W4
VI. Recommendation:
VII. Documentation:
Experiment No. 4
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF AGGREGATES
I. Short discussion:
II. Resources:
Gravel, Sand
Potable water Pycnometer
Sieving pan Oven
Absorbent cloth, dry, soft Sieve, 3/8 “
Digital weighing scale Tamping rod
Container Density basket, 0.25”
Cylindrical metal measure (min cap of Mesh (max, 6.5 mm)
0.0142 m3) Sand cone apparatus
III. Procedure:
For fine aggregate:
33. Weigh about 500 grams test sample of fine aggregate, W1.
34. Immerse the test sample into a container with water for 24 hours and cover it.
35. Pour excess water carefully to avoid loss of fines. Spread the sample on a flat non-absorbent surface and stir
frequently to secure homogeneous drying.
36. Fill the sand cone apparatus with this sample and tamp 25 times.
37. Fill the measure two-thirds full, level and tamp 25 times again.
38. Fill the measure overflowing and tamp 25 times. Then level the top surface.
39. Remove the slump cone. The sand cone should approach a free-flowing condition.
The specimen is called saturated surface dry (SSD) when it has reached a surface dry condition.
40. Weigh the SSD sample, W2.
41. Fill the pycnometer with water to the top and weigh, W3.
42. Remove part of the water from the pycnometer, and put the SSD sample into it.
43. Fill with additional water to approximately 90 percent of its capacity.
44. Agitate the pycnometer to eliminate all air bubbles.
45. Bring the water level in the pycnometer to its calibrated capacity.
46. Determine the total weight of the pycnometer, speciment, and water, W4.
47. Remove the sample from the pycnometer, and dry to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C, cool, and
weight, W5.
W1 W2
Bulk specific gravity, dry = Bulk specific gravity, SSD =
W3 W2 W4 W3 W2 W4
W5
Apparent specific gravity =
W3 W5 W4
For coarse aggregate:
17. Weigh about 4000 grams test sample of course aggregate, W1, with a maximum 25 mm nominal size and should
not have particles of size less than 4.75 mm.
18. Soak the aggregate in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hours.
19. Remove the sample from the water. Roll it in a large absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are removed.
The sample is now in saturated surface dry (SSD) condition.
20. Weigh the SSD sample, W2.
21. Place the SSD sample in the wire basket and determine weight in water, W3. Note that the wire basket should be
immersed to a depth sufficient to cover it and the test sample during weighing.
22. Remove the sample from the wire basket.
23. Dry the sample to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C (approximately 3 hours), and weigh, W4.
24. Calculate specific gravity and absorption.
W1 W2
Bulk specific gravity, dry = Bulk specific gravity, SSD =
W2 W3 W2 W3
W4 W W4
Apparent specific gravity = Absorption = 2 x100
W4 W3 W4
VI. Recommendation:
VII. Documentation:
MATERIAL VOLUME
Cement
Sand
Gravel
Cement weight –
Amount of water –
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
MANILA CAMPUS
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND TESTING
CE 405
CE41FA3
SUBMITTED BY:
________________________________
De Guzman, Jonniel P.
1311881
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ARIEL B. MORALES
DATE SUBMITTED:
January 25, 2018
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
MANILA CAMPUS
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND TESTING
CE 405
CE41FA3
SUBMITTED BY:
________________________________
Alvarez, Monica R.
1610385
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ARIEL B. MORALES
DATE SUBMITTED:
January 25, 2018
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
MANILA CAMPUS
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND TESTING
CE 405
CE41FA3
SUBMITTED BY:
________________________________
Astillo, Jana Patrisha J.
1310084
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ARIEL B. MORALES
DATE SUBMITTED:
January 25, 2018
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
MANILA CAMPUS
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND TESTING
CE 405
CE41FA3
Members:
ABUAN, ANGELO JOHN ____ ____
ALVAREZ, MONICA ____ ___ _
ASTILLO, JANA PATRISHA ____ ____ _
DE GUZMAN, JONNIEL ____ _____
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ARIEL B. MORALES
DATE SUBMITTED:
January 25, 2018